Swint v. Pullman-Standard Memorandum of Law in Support of Opposition to Motion for Stay of Proceedings
Public Court Documents
March 12, 1975

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Case Files, Sheff v. O'Neill Hardbacks. Defendants' Response to Plaintiffs' Fifth Request for Production of Documents, 1992. 099d87fb-a246-f011-877a-002248226c06. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/6994af0b-42f2-4cb5-8d52-0d18c8bf86ee/defendants-response-to-plaintiffs-fifth-request-for-production-of-documents. Accessed August 19, 2025.
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CV 89-0360977S MILO SHEFF, et al., SUPERIOR COURT Plaintiffs, JUDICIAL ‘DISTRICT OF HARTFORD/NEW BRITAIN Vv. : AT HARTFORD WILLIAM A, O'NEILL, et al., : Defendants. : September 15, 1992 DEFENDANTS' RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS' FIFTH REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS Defendants offer the following answers and objections to the plaintiffs’ fifth request for production of documents. 1. All correspondence, reports, and memoranda among the Commissioner of Education, the Department of Education, the State Board of Education, and the Governor's office from January, 1991 to the present, relating to issues of school desegregation. ANSWER: See exhibit 1(a)-(b) 2. Inspection and copying of the research file and any drafts, correspondence, memoranda, reports, and any other documents used in the preparation of "The Issue of Racial Imbalance and Quality Education in Connecticut's Public Schools” (February 5, 1986). i ANSWER: The defendants are unable to identify the report described in this request and cannot, therefore, provide any drafts, correspondence, memoranda, reports or any other documents | used in the preparation of that report. | 3. All documents relating to a March 25 "Forum on Diversity" sponsored by the Connecticut Recruitment Network ‘for b Education Diversity. * ANSWER: See exhibit 3(a) 4, All documents relating to the internal Department of Education Committee working to study and implement the proposals of the Governor's Commission on Quality and Integrated Education, as reported in the "Highlights from the Monthly Meeting of the State Board of Education," June 3-4,.1992. ANSWER: See exhibit 4(a) 5. Inspection and copying of all "Research Bulletins’ issued by the Connecticut Department of Education, 1950 to present. (If a list is available, please provide prior to inspection and copying). ANSWER: See exhibit 5(a) consisting of eleven (11) bulletins. 6. A text, transcript, or. recording of the speech or sermon delivered by Governor Weicker on Sunday, May 31, 1932 at the United Church on the Green in New Haven. ANSWER: As of the date of this response no such documents have been located and the defendants do not believe any such documents can be found within their possession or control. 7. Copies of all texts, outlines, transcripts and recordings of each speech or address given by Governor Weicker relating to the subject of school segregation, educational equity, urban education and racial integration. ANSWER: As of the date of this response no such documents have been located. It cannot be determined whether such documents exist outside the possession and control of the defendants. To their extent that they do, the plaintiffs can secure this material as easily as the defendants. 8B. Final reports submitted by all expert witnesses retained by defendants. ANSWER: Objection: Any reports, correspondence, or other documents provided to defendants' counsel by the defendants’ expert witnesses, other than those which have been or will be turned over to the plaintiffs at the time of the experts’ depositions, represent attorney work product and are privileged communications not subject to disclosure. ; 9. Copies of all exhibits prepared by defendants’ expert witnesses for presentation to the court. ANSWER: Objection: (See objection to request # 8.) 10. Inspection and copying of the most current set of all documents which provide the basis and underlying data for exhibits provided in response to request 7, Plaintiffs' First Request for Production. ANSWER: See exhibit 10(a) 11. Inspection and copying of all documents which provide the basis and underlying data for Exhibit 19(d) (Plaintiffs First Request for Production). ANSWER: Documents provided in response to Rindone deposition subpoena. 12. District-by-district report on PSAT, SAT, MAT and CAT scores for Hartford and the surrounding communities for 1990 to the present. ANSWER: Defendants do not have PSAT, MAT, or CAT scores for the identified school districts. The only SAT results in the defendants' possession are State-wide results and these havé been provided to the plaintiffs in response to he Rindone deposit ion subpoena. 13. All documents relating to the "Urban Agenda" and/or "Urban Initiative" program. ANSWER: See exhibit 13(a) 14. Documents indicating number of assessors and teachers participating in BEST Program from Hartford and surrounding districts. ANSWER: See exhibit 14(a) 15.; Pinal reports documenting 1590-31 and: 1991-92 assessment of dominant language statistics and limited english proficiency counts referred to in plaintiffs' Fourth Request for Production, Exhibit 9(a). ANSWER: See exhibit 15(a)-(f). 16. Documents relating to a curriculum survey regarding arts and library/media referenced in plaintiffs' Fourth Request for Production, Exhibit 9(b). ANSWER: Objection: Reference to the Pourth Request for Production, Exhibit 9(b) appears inappropriate. The request lacks the clarity necessary to advise defendants what 1t 1s that is being requested. 17. Any documents which compare the rate of growth on the Connecticut Mastery Test of any students in Hartford and students in the surrounding school districts (this request is for documents generated for the Hartford region only, not including discovery Exhibits 16(e) and 16(f), Plaintiffs' First Request for Production or exhibit 4(ff), Plaintiffs' Second Request for Production). ANSWER: No such documents exists. 18. A copy of the "Krupa Study" referenced in discovery Exhibit 2(a) (Third Request for Production) and any other curriculum study done by defendants since 1990. ANSWER: See exhibit 18(a). 19. A report on dropouts, 1987-1989, prepared by Catherine Oleksiw, referenced in Exhibit 11(b), Plaintiffs' Third Request for Production and any dropout reports prepared since 1991. i ’ ANSWER: See defendants' response to Plaintiffs' First Request for Production, exhibit 4(a). 20. A report on teacher supply and demand and 1interdistrict mobility prepared by Barbara Beaudin, referenced in Exhibit 11(b), Plaintiffs' Third Request for Production. ANSWER: See exhibit 5(a) and exhibit 20(a)-(b). 21. A report entitled, "NELS 88 -- Achievement" by Judith Thompson, referenced in Exhibit 11(b), Plaintiffs' Third Request for Production. ANSWER: See exhibit 5(a) and exhibit 21(a). 22. A report on "Indicators of Success" prepared by Judith Thompson, referenced in Exhibit 11(b), Plaintiffs' Third Request for Production. ANSWER: Already provided as exhibit 18(e) and 18(e)(1l) in response to the Plaintiffs' Second Request for Production of Documents. Also provided in response to Rindone deposition subpoena. 23. A report entitled, "NELS 88 -- Demographics by Judith Thompson, referenced in Exhibit 11(b), Plaintiffs' Third IL for Production. ANSWER: See exhibit 5(a) and exhibit 23(a). 24. A report or reports by William Gauthier regarding "instructionally effective schools: a model and a process" (circa 1983), ANSWER: See exhibit 24(a). 25. Copy of a DOE report entitled "Statement of Activities" for the years 1988-1989, 1989-1990 and 1991-92. ANSWER: See exhibits 25(a)-(b). A 1991-92 "Statement of Activities" does not exist. 26. Any studies and staff analyses forming the basis for the following three reports, (and any studies and staff analyses undertaking in preparation for the following three reports): a. "Report on Three Perspectives on the Education Achievement of Connecticut Students" (September 7, 1988). b. "Overview of the January 17, 1988 Presentation on Selected High Performance/Growth Schools Report” (January 17, 1989). ; Cu "Special Connecticut Mastery Test Research REport : Students at Risk Academically" (May 2, 1990). ANSWER: The reports listed in this request for production are the reports of the studies and staff analyses upon which the reports are based. The defendants have no further documents to provide in response to this request. 27. A copy of a report of the Department of Education, entitled "Research-Based School Improvement Practices." ANSWER: See exhibit 27(a). 28. Most recent PIP and MIP description for the following DOE employees: a. Douglas Rindone b. William Congero 1 Peter Behuniak a. Elliot Williams a, Robert Brewer f. Peter Prowda g. Theodore Sergi he. Thomas Breen ANSWER: Objection: To the extent that this request far production seeks information regarding the performance evaluations of the listed individuals, the information requested in confidential and irrelevant to present matter. To the extent that the request seeks only information relating to the goals and objectives for the listed individuals see exhibits 28(a)-(h). 29. A copy of the "Bilingual Program Data Analysis" described on page 10 of Exhibit 9(b) (Fourth Request for Production of Documents). ANSWER: Documents provided in response to the Rindone deposition subpoena. -10- 30. Copy of any "assessment plan" referred to at page 5 of Exhibit 13(a) (Fourth Request for Production of Documents). ANSWER: See exhibit 30(a). 31. Federal grant proposals for bilingual programs from 1989 to present. ANSWER: See exhibits 31(a)-(b). 32. Annual reports since 1989 prepared by DOE regarding delivery of bilingual services to student populations in Hartford and surrounding communities. ANSWER: See exhibits 32(a)-(c). 33. Any assessments of the Hartford bilingual program not previously requested or produced. ANSWER: See exhibits 33(a)-(b). 34. Connecticut Public School Expenditures Report, 1391-92. ANSWER: Requested document does not exist and will not De available before November, 1992. -11- 35. Any truancy reports filed with DOE from Hartford and surrounding communities from 1991 to present. ANSWER: See exhibit 35(a). Note that the defendants seriously question the validity and usefulness of this data. 36. DOE budget and budget options for 1993-94. ANSWER: See exhibits 36(a)-(b). 37. A copy of the grant proposal and description of grant awarded to DOE by the National Science Foundation. ANSWER: See exhibit 37(a). 38. Strategic School Profiles for Hartford and surrounding communities. ANSWER: Documents requested will not be available before October, 1992. 39. Any studies showing numbers of gifted and talented students identified in Hartford and surrounding communities. ANSWER: See exhibits 39(a)-(b). -12- 40. Any studies showing number of students enrolled in advanced placement courses in Hartford and surrounding communities. ANSWER: See exhibit 40(a). 41. A study of course and curriculum offerings in 15 high | school districts (1977) (if different from item 18, above). ANSWER: See exhibit 18(a). H i 3 42. A guide to school staff and instructional materiats prepared by Thomas Breen (1981). ANSWER: See exhibit 42(a). 43. A study of course offerings prepared by Peter Prowda {1982}, ANSWER: See exhibit 44(a) for a copy of the survey form on course offerings. The survey results were published in Town and School District Profiles. No other study is extant. 44. A study of advance placement courses by TOC prepared by David Cleaver (1983). ANSWER: See exhibit 44(a). -13- 45. A study of high school course offerings, wealth, and school size prepared by Ted Sergi (1983). ANSWER: See exhibit 45(a). 46. A study of advanced placement and honors courses prepared by David Cleaver (1985). ANSWER: See exhibit 44(a). 47. A study of advanced placement courses and graduation 3 requirements prepared by Jim Wade (1986). = ANSWER: See exhibit 47(a). 48. Any documents prepared from 1989 to the present analyzing staff/student ratios for Hartford and the surrounding districts. ANSWER: Documents provided in response to Rindone deposition subpoena. 49. Any documents prepared from 1989 to the present analyzing the mean staff salary for Hartford and the surrounding districts, not already provided to plaintiffs. -14- ANSWER: Documents provided in response to Rindone deposition subpoena. 50. Any documents prepared from 1989 to the present analyzing the staff cost per pupil in Hartford and the surrounding districts. ANSWER: Documents provided in response to Rindone deposition subpoena. Ie ’ 51. Any documents prepared from 1989 to present analyzing the "breadth of programs" in Hartford and the surrounding districts. ANSWER: The defendants know of no documents which fall within this description. 52. Any documents prepared from 1989 to the present analyzing the educational attainment of parents in Hartford and the surrounding districts. ANSWER: The only information in the defendants' possession relating to the educational attainment of parents in Hartford and the surrounding school districts is census bureau data which is equally available to the plaintiffs. -15- 53. Any documents prepared from 1989 to the present analyzing student turnover in Hartford and the surrounding districts including annual net change and present change 1n number of students. ANSWER: To the extent that any such documents exist, these documents have been provided to the plaintiffs in response to the Rindone deposition subpoena, the Calvert deposition subpoena, and earlier requests for production. 54. Any documents prepared from 1989 to the present analyzing school construction spending in Hartford and the surrounding districts including but not limited to any cumulations of school construction grants for the last 5, 10, and 15 year period. ANSWER: To the extent that any such documents exist, they have been turnover to the plaintiffs in response to the Brewer deposition subpoena and earlier requests for production. 55. A report showing the Aid for Dependent Children (ADC) counts for Hartford and the surrounding towns from 1979-80 thru 1988-89 inclusive, and any subsequent counts that may be avallable. ANSWER: See exhibit 55(a) 56. A copy of the most recent SEMIS report or equivalent report. ANSWER: Objection: The defendants are unable to identify documents which are responsive to this request in that SEMIS 1s a data base which is no longer in use, not a report. 57. Any curriculum survey prepared pursuant to a : 4 "curriculum survey outline, framework for equity analysis," : January 12, 1987. ANSWER: Objection: The description of the documents being requested is not sufficient to permit the defendants to identify what it is they are being asked to produce. 58. A copy of the National Education Longitudinal Study of Connecticut eighth graders (1988). ANSWER: See response to requests No. 21 and 23. 59. A copy of the longitudinal study conducted in 1990 that examined achievement of Connecticut students judged to be at risk, referenced on p. 21 of "Meeting the Challenge" report -17- (1990-91 }. (Exhibit 27{(a), Plaintiffs’ First Set of Interrogatories). ANSWER: Document provided in response to the Rindone deposition subpoena. 60. A copy of the NAEP Trial State Assessment Program (reading and mathematics assessments), statewide and for Hartford | and surrounding communities. ANSWER: Document provided in response to the Rindone i deposition subpoena. 61, Copy of reports of CCL Assessment Project. ANSWER: Document provided in response to the Rindone deposition subpoena. 62. A copy of the results on Advanced Placement tests and Test of Standard Written English for Hartford and surrounding communities from 1990 to present. ANSWER: See exhibit 62(a). 63. Updated to "Meeting the Challenge" report, 1990-91 (Exhibit 27(a), Plaintiffs' First Set of Interrogatories). -18- ANSWER: No such document exists. 64. Documents relating to Hartford Partnership of the Urban Initiative program. ANSWER: See response to request No. 13. 65. A complete copy of Volume I and II of a report entitled "The Condition of Public Elementary and Secondary Education 1in Connecticut, Fiscal Year 1979-80." ANSWER: The requested material is available to the - plaintiffs through the State Library. 66. A complete copy of "A Plan for Promoting Equal Educational Opportunity in Connecticut," State Board of Education, January 1979. ANSWER: See response to request No. 18. 67. A complete copy of a "State Board of Education Policy Statement on Equal Education Opportunity," included in circular letter C-15, October 27, 1986. ANSWER: See exhibit 67(a). -19- 68. A complete copy of each document identified in response to Interrogatory 2 in plaintiffs' Second Set of Interrogatories (July 15, 1982). ANSWER: The defendants are unable to identify the documents in question or locate complete copies. 69. A copy of a FSUOPL entisied "Highlights of the 1969-70 Study of the Distribution of Minority Group Pupils and Staff in the Public Schools of Connecticut," dated on or about March 31, 1970. J ANSWER: See defendants' to response to the plaintiffs’ fourth request for production, exhibits 18(a)-(w). 70. A complete copy of the "Interim Report" of the Advisory Committee to study the state's racial imbalance law and regulations, dated May 7, 1985. ANSWER: See exhibit 70(a). 71. A complete study of an "Interim Report" by the Racial Equity Committee of the state Department of Education dated on or about May 5, 1987. ANSWER: See exhibit 71(a). -20- | 72. A complete copy of the "State Board of Education's Policy Statement of Equal Educational Opportunity adopted May o, 1989" as referenced in a memo from Joan Martin to the Governor's Commission dated March 1, 1990. ANSWER: Already provided to plaintiffs in response to plaintiffs' request to review all material provided to GCQIE. 73. A 1971 report entitled "A Brief History of the Public School Building Aid Program in Connecticut from 1945 to the ‘ J present. = ANSWER: See exhibit 73(a). 74. A complete copy of a document or "critical issues paper" prepared for the State Board of Education by Edyth Gaines between 1975-1985, entitled "Advancing Equal Educational Opportunity and Access to Quality Integrated Education in the Public Schools of the State of Connecticut. ANSWER: See exhibit 74(a). 75. A complete copy of the 1985 report entitled: "Connecticut's Challenge: An Agenda for Education Equity and Excellence." -21- ANSWER: See exhibit 75(a). FOR THE DEFENDANTS By: {2 Jobff “R. ‘Whelan Asdistant Attorney General ‘110 Sherman Street | Hartford, CT 06105 | 'Telephope: 566-7173 4 Assistant Attorney General 110 Sherman Street Hartford, CT 06105 Telephone: 566-7173 -22- CERTIFICATION This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing was mailed, postage prepaid on September 15, 1992 to the following counsel of record: John Brittain, Esq. Wilfred Rodriguez, Esq. University of Connecticut Hispanic Advocacy Project School of Law Neighborhood Legal Services 65 Elizabeth Street 1229 Albany Avenue Hartford, CT 06105 Hartford, CT 06112 Philip Tegeler, Esq. Wesley W. Horton, Esq. ' Martha Stone, Esq. Moller, Horton & Finebergi P.C. Connecticut Civil Liberties Union 90 Gillett Street - 32 Grand Street Hartford, CT 06106 Hartford, CT 06106 Ruben Franco, Esq. Julius L. Chamberes, Esq. Jenny Rivera, Esq. Marianne Lado, Esq. Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund Ronald Ellis, Esq. and Education Fund NAACP Legal Defense Fund and 14th Floor Educational Fund 99 Hudson Street 99 Hudson Street New York, NY 10013 New York, NY 10013 John A. Powell, Esq. Helen Hershkoff, Esq. Adam S. Cohen, Esq. American Civil Liberties Union 132 West 43rd Street New York, NY 10036 77 in R. Whelan ssistant Attorney General 7 CV 89-03609778 SUPERIOR COURT o e MILO SHEFF, et al., Plaintiffs, JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF HARTFORD/NEW BRITAIN AT HARTFORD Ve. WILLIAM A. O'NEILL, et al., Defendants. September 15,1992 NOTICE OF SERVICE OF DEFENDANTS' RESPONSE TO THE PLAINTIFFS' FIFTH REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS The defendants hereby give notice that on the above noted date the defendants made copies of the documents requested By the plaintiffs by way of ther fifth request for production available to the plaintiffs' attorneys with the following exceptions: 1. Objections were interposed to requests 8, 9, 16, and 57. 2. A partial objection was interposed in response to the request 28. | FOR THE DEFENDANTS RICHARD BLUMENTHAL ATTORNEY GENERAL a, BY: Y/ / LLL J BE 87 heen AsSistant Attorney General 170 Sherman Street [raptors CT 06105 ‘ “Telephone: , 566-7173 ‘ ig Zid (4 BY: i Assistant Att rney General / 110 Sherman Street Hartford, CT 06105 Telephone: 566-7173 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing was mailed, postage prepaid on September 15, record: John Brittain, Esq. University of Connecticut School of Law 65 Elizabeth Street Hartford, CT 06105 Philip Tegeler, Esq. Martha Stone, Esq. Connecticut Civil Liberties Union 32 Grand Street Hartford, CT 06106 Ruben Franco, Esq. Jenny Rivera, Esq. Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund and Education Fund 14th Floor 99 Hudson Street New York, NY 10013 John A. Powell, Helen Hershkoff, Esq. Adam S. Cohen, Esq. American Civil Liberties Union 132 West 43rd Street New York, NY 10036 Esq. 1992 to the following counsel of Wilfred Rodriquez, Esq. Hispanic Advocacy Project Neighborhood Legal Services 1229 Albany Avenue Hartford, CT 06112 Wesley W. Horton, Esq. A Moller, Horton & Fineberg, PC 90 Gillett Street r Hartford, CT 06105 Julius L. Chambers, Marianne Lado, Esq. Ronald Ellis, Esq. NAACP Legal Defense Fund and Education Fund 99 Hudson Street New York, NY 10013 Esq. Joh Assistant Attorney General / CV 89-0360977S MILO SHEFF, et al., : SUPERIOR COURT Plaintiffs, : JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF : HARTFORD/NEW BRITAIN V. : AT HARTFORD WILLIAM A. O'NEILL, et al., Defendants. 3 September 15, 1992 DEFENDANTS' RESPONSE TO THE PLAINTIFFS SECOND SET OF INTERROGATORIES = = T The defendants hereby offer the following responses to ithe Plaintiffs' Second Set of Interrogatories dated July 15, 1992. Y. Please list, by title, year, and number, all "Research Bulletins" issued by the Connecticut Department of Education, 1965 to the present. ANSWER: See exhibit 5(a) in response to the Plaintiffs’ Fifth Request for Production of Documents. 2. Identify, by author, title, and date, each document or document excerpt attached hereto at Exhibits A and B. (Plaintiffs also request full copies of each of these documents in their Fifth Request for Production.) ANSWER: The defendants are unable to provide the information requested by this interrogatory because they are unable to identify exhibits A and B or locate complete copies. 3. State the total number of children receiving the free and reduced lunch program in Hartford and each of the surrounding districts. ANSWER: Information provided in response to letter from CCLU to defendants' counsel dated July 1, 1992. ! 4. State the total number of children living below the poverty level in Hartford and each of the surrounding districts. ANSWER: Objection: The information requested is equally available to the plaintiffs from the Census Bureau. 5. State the total number of children receiving aid to dependent children (ADC) in Hartford and each of the surrounding districts. ANSWER: See defendants' response to request No. 55 of the Plaintiffs' Fifth Request for Production of Documents. 6, State the total number of Spanish language dominant children in Hartford and each of the surrounding districts. ANSWER: See defendants' response to request No. 15 of the Plaintiffs' Fifth Request for Production of Documents. 2. State the total number of children receiving special education services in Hartford and each of the surrounding districts. ANSWER: See exhibit 7(a)-(d). 8. State the total number of children on a full time equivalent basis (FTE) receiving special education services in Hartford and each of the surrounding districts. ANSWER: FTE is a mathematical computation which must be based on certain assumptions about special education. The assumptions which are used in computing the FTE could affect the validity of any use of the FTE to analyze special education expenditures, etc. The plaintiffs have been provided with the ISIS data base which contains all of the information available to the defendants upon which an FTE might be calculated. The defendants reserve the right to question the validity of any FTE computation the plaintiffs may derive from that data and the validity of the use of that computation for any purposes. 9. State the total grant amount for special education reimbursement for Hartford and the surrounding districts for the years 1983-1990 (data missing from Exhibit 4, attached to defendants' July 8, 1991 Memorandum of Law 1n Support of Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment). ANSWER: See exhibit 9(a) 10. State the total grant amount for transportation reimbursement for Hartford and the surrounding districts for the years 1983-1990 (data missing from Exhibit 4, attached to : defendants' July 8, 1991 Memorandum of Law in Support of Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgement). ANSWER: * See exhibit 10(a) 11. State the total special education budget for Hartford and each of the surrounding districts for the years 1983-1990. ANSWER: See exhibit 11(a) Wherefore, the defendants offer the foregoing responses to, the plaintiffs' second set of interrogatories. FOR THE DEFENDANTS BY: Join R. Whelan Agsistant Attorney General 10 Sherman Street artford, Cr 06105 : Telephone: 566-7173 ; pes A BY: _z. /Z Vl p72 Fiha WM. Watts’. 2 2 — \§sistant Attorney General 10 Sherman Street Hartford, CT 06105 Telephone: 566-7173 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that a copy of the foregoing was mailed, | postage prepaid on September 15, 1992 to the following counsel of record: John Brittain, Esq. Wilfred Rodriquez, Esq. University of Connecticut Hispanic Advocacy Project School of Law Neighborhood Legal Services 65 Elizabeth Street 1229 Albany Avenue Hartford, CT 06105 Hartford, CT 06112 Philip Tegeler, Esq. Wesley W. Horton, Esq. ’ Martha Stone, Esq. Moller, Horton & Fineberg, PC Connecticut Civil Liberties Union 90 Gillett Street : 32 Grand Street Hartford, CT» 06105 Hartford, CT 06106 Ruben Franco, Esq. Julius L. Chambers, Esq. Jenny Rivera, Esq. Marianne Lado, Esq. Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund Ronald Ellis, Esq. and Education Fund NAACP Legal Defense Fund and 14th Floor Education Fund 99 Hudson Street 99 Hudson Street New York, NY 10013 New York, NY 10013 John A. Powell, Esq. Helen Hershkoff, Esq. Adam S. Cohen, Esq. American Civil Liberties Union 132 West 43rd Street New York, NY 10036 S6istant Attorney General