Findings of Fact and Recommendations

    UNLTED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT 

      

  
  

  

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF 

| VERSUS NOS. 28030 and 28042 | 
I 
i | 

| HINDS COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, ET AL, DEFENDANTS | | 
| | 
| JOAN ANDERSON, ET AL, - PLAINTIFFS 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF - INTERVENOR 

VERSUS DISTRICT # 3700(J) 

| CANTON MUNICIPAL SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT, | 
ET AL, DEFENDANTS 

| 
| SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI | 

FILE] | 
| wise | FINDINGS OF FACT AND RECOMMENDAT IONS   
  By order dated November 7, 1969, the Fifth Circuit 

| Court of Appeals in the above docketed Cisas, Nos. 28030 and 

28042, directed the Canton Municipal Separate School District, 

among other school districts, to adopt the school integration 

plan offered by the Office of Education of the Department of   
Health, Education and Welfare. The said order also set forth   { 

f procedures by which the HEW plan could be modified. Prior to   the implementation of the HEW plan at the beginning of the 

| second semester of the 1969-70 school year, the Canton school | 

had a total enrollment of 4998 students, 3672 black 4rd 1326 

white. After the implementation, total attendance dropped to 

3697, of which 3661 students were black and only 36 were white. 

On August 18, 1970, the school board filed its motion for 

modification with this Court, alleging that, as the HEW plan had 

resulted in a more than 997 black attendance with a loss of 1290 

white students, the plan was not working nor was it administrative- 

ly or economically feasible... After unsuccessful conferences by 

| 

| 
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this Court with all parties seeking a mutually acceptable plan, 

and, after a full hearing on all issues, this Court, on October   
6, 1970, issued its Findings of Fact and Recommendations. On | 

October 14, 1970, the appropriate panel of the Appellate Court   | | 

| issued its order approving the student assignment plan recommend- | 
| 

| ed by this Court and adopted this Court's findings of fact and | 

recommendations. On October 16, 1970, the same panel stayed its | 

order pending receipt of the record and until further order of | 

the Court, assigning mo reasons therefor. On November 13, 1970, 

this Court received a copy of a letter addressed to counsel of 

record and signed by the Clerk of the Fifth Circuit Court of 

Sopsals stating: 

| "The court has reached the tentative conclusion that the 

district court erred in approving a plan based on the present: 

composition of the student body from a racial standpoint rather     than on the composition at the time the dual system was dis-   established. Having reached this determination, it follows that 

| the plan approved by the district court must be considered in 

light of student residences regardless of their attendance in 

public schools. 

The court is inclined to approve a combination of the HEW | 

plan and school board plan as follows: 

Canton High (formerly Rogers) Grades 10-12 
system wide   | Canton Junior High (formerly Grades 8-9 

| Canton High) (all students 

residing East of U. S. Highway 
51 to attend this school) 

| Rogers Junior High Grades 8-9 
I (all students residing West 

of U. S. Highway 51 to 
attend this school)     

| 
| 

| 
| 

 



  

  

    

Nichols Elementary Grades 5-7 
(system wide) 

Canton Elementary Grades 1-4 
(all students residing South 

of U. S. Highway 22-16 to at- 
tend this school) 

McNeal Elementary Grades 1-4 
(all students residing North 

of U. S. Highway 22-16 to at- 
tend this school) 

In this connection the school board is directed to 

supply the following data by December 1, 1970: 

(1) The student population, by race, assum- 

ing all children resident in the stated zones 
attended the named schools and the capacity 
of each school: 

(a) Canton Junior High 

(b) Rogers Junior High 

(¢) Nichols Elementary (capacity only) 

(d) Canton Elementary 

(e) McNeal Elementary 

The court will appreciate suggestions and objections 

as to the feasibility of this plan." 

This Court was advised of no further action in this 
4 

cause until July 14, 1971, on which date the defendant school 

board filed a motion to modify the original HEW student assign- 

ment plan approved by the Appellate Court on November 7, 1969. 

Prior to a hearing and upon questioning by the Court, all parties 

stated that they have been unable to agree on the suggestions 

appearing in the Clerk's letter of November 13, 1970; that the 

Appellate Court has taken no further action beyond its order of 

October 16, 1970, staying tt iimplenentabion of the plan 

recommended by this Court; and that the school district has 

continued to operate under the original HEW plan. Upon this 

.te of the matter the Court agreed to hear the defendants’ 

3 

  

  
 



  

  

  

    
  

motion to modify. Attorneys for all parties were present and | 

participated. 

In its motion the defendant reported student attendance 

at the end of the 1970-71 school year, its latest figures, as 
| 
| 
| 

follows: | 
{ 

5 
  

  
    

  

STUDENTS NO. OF 

SCHOOL GRADES CAPACITY WHITE NEGRO TOPAL CLASSROOMS 

McNeal 1-3 588 14 536 550 21 

Canton Elementary. 1-3 840 20 483 503 30 

Nichols 4-6 1344 30 1131-21161 48 

Canton Jr. Hi 7 750 0 257 266 25 

Canton Public Hi 8-12 1680 18 1208 1226 56 pind) 
gym & library 

  

5202 *91 3615 3706 180 

* The number of white students rose from 36 in the second 

semester of 1969-70 to 76 in the first semester of 1970-71, and 

to 91 in the second semester of 1970-71, the latest enrollment 

reported. : 
  

The board proposes to modify this plan based on a 

projected enrollment for 1971-72 as follows: | 

  

  
  

  

: STUDENTS XO, OF. | 
SCHOOL GRADES CAPACITY WHITE NEGRO TOTAL CLASSROOMS 

McNeal 1° 7588 22.5 366. 388 no 

Canton Elementary 2-3 840 30 693 723 ye. 50 

Nichols 4-6 1344 32. 1097 71129 48 

Canton Public Hi 7-12 1680 28 1662 1690 50 plus| 
: gym & library 

4552 IZ. 3818 43530 155 

The modifications would assign all first grade students 

to McNeal, all second and third grade students to Canton Elementary,   

in the assignment of the fourth, fifth and sixth grades to Nichols. | 

The plan would provide for the partial closing of Canton Junior 

lim 

} | 

 



  

    

  

    
  

i 

High School, leaving open a band hall to be used for a materials 

center and administrative offices. The board contends that the 

proposals are sound educationally, and administratively, are 

‘economically justified, and are not racially motivated. The board 

showed through its witnesses that, as a result of the drop in 

enrollment over a period of three semesters and a concomitant 

reduction in operating revenues from state funds based on average 

daily attendance, it requested HEW's assistance in studying the 

feasihlity of reassigning students in a manner which would bring 

about maximum economic use of present building facilities without 

changing the desegregation status. This request was forwarded by 

the Atlanta HEW office to the Mississippi Educational Service 

Center, Mississippi State University, which sent a two-man team 

to Canton for an on-site survey. As a result of their survey 

and analysis, this team submitted a written report, approved by 

HEW and made a part of the record herein, in which two proposals 

were made, Alternate I, being the proposal adopted by the board 

and advanced here, and Alternate II consisting of the present 

student assignments except for assigning the seventh grade to 

Canton Public High school. Both plans are analyzed as to their 

advantages and disadvantages; however both recommend the closing 

of Canton Junior High 

Counsel for 

intervenor, announced 

the board's proposal. 

an existing school on 

to the possibility of 

school with specific justifications therefor. 

the United States of America, plaintiff- 

that the Government has no objection to 

Plaintiffs objected to any plan eliminating 

the grounds that such would close the doors 

returning whites. 

Thad E. Easterwood, holding batchelor's and master's 

dkgrees and with 20 years experience in the field of education as 

a teacher, coach, assistant principal and superintendent, was one 
7’ 

«5. 

  

  

 



  

  

-~ 

of the team members from the Mississippi Educational Service 

Center. He and the other member, Boren W. McNeill also with a 

batchelor's and master's degree in the field of education and five 

years experience as a teacher, supervisor and principal, both 

testified as to their survey. Both went to Canton on June 10, 

1971, met with the superintendent and various other members of the 

school staff and board and both visited and inspected each school 

in the system. As stated in their report the purpose of the 

survey was ''to study the feasibility of reassigning students in 

a manner which would bring about maximum economic use of present 

building facilities without establishing racially identifiable 

schools as a result of student assignment." 

As a result of their survey, thelr report, as stated 

above, recommends the closing of Canton Junior High school with 

alternate student assignments for which neither Easterwood nor 

McNeil expressed a preference. They listed the advantages of 

Alternate I as follows: 

"a. All children within a grade would attend the = _ 

the same attendance center school, thereby 
ng present dilemma in the first 

f having some children who 

an appropriate school attend a 

b. Certain operational and maintenance costs 
could be reduced by closing Canton Junior 

High School and these funds could be more 

effectively spent for other educational 

Y lannin ng on 

7 o) teachers and 

ince the seventh grade would no 

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| e. The plan would reduce the number of units | 
| : {oat 1 vA cpa | ! to be supervised by central office personnel, Spar 

. AAR > nied re I thereby enhancing administrative efficiency. 

£f. The present assignment ratio is not affected. 

| g. The plan makes use of pairing and eliminates 
split grades." 

Except for (a) and (g), the advantages for both proposals] 

are the same. Advantages designated (a) and (g) under Alternative 

I are listed as disadvantages to Alternative II. Disadvantages 

| 

| 
| 
| 
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| 

| 
| 

| 

| to both plans are identical in these respects: (1) neither plan | 
| 

I 
| involves the neighborhood concept; (2) by closing Canton Junior 
il 

| High, a maximum number of students will be assigned to Canton 

feeling that the closing 

of 
1 

| 
| Public high school; and (3) plaintiffs 

| Canton Junior High will serve as a deterrent to white students 

i returning to the public schools. | 

The specific justifications for closing Canton Junior | 
° 

E - 
High School are listed in the report as follows: 

  

{ 8 ml 0 er oT vn} . i ° o - 9/7. - 

| A. The original facili as built in 1924 and | 
! Tvs “ ory J op py 3 + IIL RL TR, 
i the structure CG Of exXiensive repalr, 

| Areas that n re attention are vont 
i nreds miicii, CT RICCAL [ atifentlon are roorx 3 

Sg > - ce a He ran * ’ ‘ 1 "we ] heating system, will have to be replac- 
od vit t+h oo oaTy Dain ieraltla £1 Arve 

| ed wlth a new ster walls, 1.00Y, 
| wd ss AREe STE CEL ; / | doors, windows general interior. A 

| 1 hal : TORQ “wrhtrh i] : | band hall was 1958 which has its own 
i heating svstem hoo A iy (33 
{(t €aLlng SYy¢ Cen 1X £004 CoONnCGlicion., { 

1 FRI arta Fart 1 2 1 : I Athletic facil located on the site | 
i . 7. “ io an o 

| including a fo eld and gymnasium. 

i hi La on ° - “4 . 

| B. The facility i approximately one mile | 
H fr ke. Canton Dy 1 Crbhnnl "Mad To nent [! Tom Lannion ru SCNOO0.L ana represents 

v ~ - ji | rh 1 oy wd a JO. 3g WE. FB 1 

| a partial dupl of facilities which 
Hi i i 
IH » on — +1 yo ie 

| exists at the ool site. 
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| ml & PER Fi 1 | = 1 9 4 daa | I C. The Canton Junior High School facility which I 
i 1 riot. 1 Ty ~ Ty ro 3 A + ! 
I houses only the seventh grade 1s too costly | 

2 : + var oa HS rvs y vo] to maintain as an attendance center expecial- 
1] 

Txy 1F 14 TC - “Tha +~ Th Arve TA J Av + ! ly 1 1T 1s possible to house these students ) | 
+ Ca ich Sohn] 

at canton High o>Cchoo.l. 

I 

rm, A v3 1] - = - op £3 £3 { 
D. - hi Dana  haili can He L311. 1Z80G. 8585 0O1lLTice space, | 

materials center, or other administrative use. 
ou i i. le Er BF. SHRRat Tl a SER r ™ up Je 2 1 HRO 

1nis dullding wihicn was constructed in 1958 
2." - A » += Fem +ha maT STI AY 

CL TOM Lhe malin ; GALA UL 
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nas 1s own heating system 

 



  

    

E. All athletic field equipment which is 
removable could be relocated from the 

Canton Junior High School to the Canton 

Public High School field. This would 
help provide convenient and adequate 

facilities for the high school. 

® 

Although Easterwood acknowledged that neither he nor 

McNeill is an architect or engineer, nonetheless their visual 

inspection of the Canton Junior High school revealed that the 

building is in need of extensive repairs, particularly to the 

roof, and needs a new heating system. He denied on cross- 

examination that the survey was in any manner influenced by the 

school board, nor did he and McNeill confer with any member of 

the HEW team who formulated the present school plan. To the 

contrary he stated that he and McNeill based their report on 

standards generally agreed to by educators. McNeill concurred in 

asterwood's testimony but especially emphasized the educational 

benefits in not isolating the seventh grade. 

Lamar Fortenberry, superintendent of the Canton schools 

since 1965, testified that, as a result of studies of the Canton 

schools made in and prior to 1967 for-the Southern Association 

of Secondary Schools, recommendations were made that the Canton 

High school, the present Canton Junior High, be abandoned and a 

oy * = 
- 1 TA 3 IS ~11 | + 5 = T ~ r~N1 1 - + 4 -T A he alk a 3 ; new high school be built in the south portion of the district. 

m1 1 " : 3 3 100 + +9 1 A ‘ 1 3 
The board determined in 1969 to build a new school, and had gone 

oc « -y oh ~ "} oe fer my pm CN CT £ pn £2 -) - i) 

so far as to employ an architect and arrange for financing when 

|g IP = Te hy EY § il PRT + ~v hha wy 1 Tey hao d 

Court OI Appeals. +18 need 1T0Yy Lhe DULLGINE 08S evapor ate with 

+a T1arorn 1nace af enrollment however rnrtrornheaervy etatod +hat 1F 
the large loss OI enroliment; nowever, rortenberry Stated tidal 8 

7 - + ~ na ~ ~ry TC oA ~11 1 7~ ad) rm CO = Ty Po QX Stam oll Ee |] Q - ~~ 

willte oO LlUUClico wiAIUUALUL CLG il | Li SYS Cli, bh 4 4. JUGAL plan a rN 

a. » a new nign school Can Tredadd 

 



 
 
 
  
 
 
 

 
 

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