George Jackson Clippings (Folder)

    . ^ e e R T T t a r :  S c h o o l  j ! a f i a n c e
, J l a t e r i l T l s

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K ^ , r o / } e j ^ / c c ^ i

Politics and Violence y

The Bloody History 
Of Son Quentin

By Peter Slack
The bloody events o f ; 

Saturday, August 21 a t i 
San Quentin S tate  Prison | 
—  th ree  inm ates and th ree ! 
guards killed —  formed! 
ano ther trag ic  climax in . 
th e  recurring  dram a of 
strife  th a t has ch a ra c te r- : 
ized th e  prison’s 117-year | 
h istory. !

But this time — in what | 
was certainly San Quentin’s | 
deadliest chapter — t h e '  
events, and the currents o£ j 
foment and social disorder | 
that led to them, carried an ' 
ominous 1970s tone. :

There has been violence a t ! 
San Quentin ever since the j 
institution was founded in 
1852 and quickly filled to ca­
pacity with 2800 convicts who 
had previously been housed 
in rotting ships off Angel Is­
land.

And there have been dec­
ades of racial strife. In 1912, 
more than 120 Negro inmates 
at San Quentin conducted a 
hunger strike to protest seg­
regation in the mess hall.

RIOTS
In 1925, repeated riots be­

tween whites and Chicanos in 
the prison’s notorious .iute 
mill resulted in six inmate 
killings.

But despite those early 
s t r a i n s  of trouble, the 
1960s-70s scene has carried a 
different complexion. Thirty 
years ago. the men who in­
habited the heavy concrete 
walls of Quentin were not. by 
and large, politically aware.

And racial battles in one 
California prison did not set 
off similar clashes in other 
facilities.

This year, a total of nine 
' correctional officers h a v e  
been killed in the state’s net­
work of 12 prisons.

In the last two years, in­
mate killings have increased 
dramatically — 11 dead in 
1970, 15 the year before.

POLITICS
The number seems to have 

. .risen according to the rise in
_̂ 5TO-1TO5n ^

The''deaQi on SatiirdayU  
"Soledad Brother” George 
.lackson was the death of a 
widely-known black revolu­
tionary. To some he was a 
quiet hero; to others his m ys-'

, tique carried the imprint, of ! 
enemy of the establishment, i

S a n  Quentin’s establish-’ i 
ment has faced many ene- 
mies in the past. But the first i 
inkRnjrr oi *pi ending poiiti-, 
cal awarcnesS~d1i thef>arf of | 
its g r o w m ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t n ^ ^ ^

'He Gave 
His Life/

strike. Some 1200 black in- 
! mates refused to leave their 
i cells but prison officials said 
! the mass refusal was based 
' on a fear of reprisrds by tiie 
; Muslims.

Seale Says As the Muslims grew, so 
: did a radical white inmate 

Black Panther party chair-1 group which took on the 
man Bobby Seale said yes- i name Nazis. The hostile lae- 
terday that slain San Quentin j tions were blamed lor a ra- 
inmate George J a c k s o n | cial riot among 2000 inmates 
“gave his life in an attem pt! on Jan. 21,1967. 
to free political prisoners and . g
to preserve his own dignity | almost disappeared from 
and manhood. | (.jjg black political alliances.

“The first rule when a peo-1 other groups, other indlvidu- 
ple’s soldier is captured is to ' als. other prisons had their 
immediately start planning : j ni p a c t on San Quentin, 
his escape.” said Seale, read -' Black Panthers. Huey .Mew­
ing from a statement p re -; ton. Eldridge Cleaver. Sole-
pared by Panther co-founder 
and Minister of D e f e n s e  
Huey P. Newton, during an 
interview on radio station 
KDIA.

“He took the only available 
action of redress against 
state murder. The state cre­
ated the violent situation that 
exists in San Quentin today.”

“The state had threatened 
to take brother George’s life: 
the executioner already had 
a hood over his head,” Seale 
said.

“A glass cage had been 
built and was euphemistical­
ly called a courtroom. The 
shackles w e r e  l o c k e d ,  
George broke the shackles, 
spurned the glass cage and 
defended his manhood in the 
spirit of freedom.”

dad.
Finally, of course, the San 

Rafael courthouse shootings, 
the arrest of Angela Davis, 
the transfer of the Soledad 
Brothers — all confirmed the 
changing style of Quentin.

ESCAPES
There were other styles.! 

however, that seem never to | 
change there. One has to do ! 
with escapes. Like tlie sad | 
escape try on Saturday, most i 
of the daring attempts to get | 
free of San Quentin hav'e not! 
worked.

popuation came about a de­
cade ago. !

MUSLIMS i

San Quentin w'as named 
after an Indian outlaw. Quin- 
tin. who was captured by the 
Spanish on the clay beaches 
w'here today’s prison is set. 
The fact that he failed to get 
away forecast the history of 
f a m 0 II s escape attempts 
there.

The most notorious bid for 
freedom from the prison oc­
curred in 1925. when six in-

' In the summer and fall of  ̂ mates killed a guard at the 
: 1961, San Quentin began to, prison's Hog Pen Point and 
: broil with a new' kind of ra-com m andeered a tugboat.
; cial strife when a meeting o f : Thev steered the boat toward 
I Black Muslims was broken j  Richmond, as a flotilla of po-: 
i up by guards, in October. | jme boats and hundreds of of- 

1%1. one inmate was killed ticers fired on the tinv tug. 
and four were wounded in ra- Nonp jj^gm got away', 
cial disturbances related to ’tw o  major escape at-  ̂

tempts were recorded i n i 
19.84. In one, four inmates |

the breaking up of the Mus- 1 , 
Urn meetings, . j

TrT lORO T ottW W bm ate 's \v h n  '
were thought politicallv daV- 
ing were placed in the ad­
justment center. .A year lat­
er. a well-known Muslim 
leader. Booker T, (Xi .lohn- 
son was shot in the center’s 
exercise yard by a tower

m  " r It ,1 II II ill m iiip iiii i i  'W
break out, but were cap­
tured.

In another, two convicts F 
slugged a guard, took his ; 
gun. escaped and kidnaped' 
two San Rafael policemen.

guard w ho said he firatr^h+rti.x-T-rn^a,.i,,
black-white sh o w -................  ' 's t o p  a black-white show- to drive them all the way to 

down, San Bernardino before tiirn-
By 1967. t h e Muslim's i ing them loose. Shortly afterH 

membership had grown sig-! ward the two fugitives w erJ 
nificantly at ,San Quenun. I gunned down by sheriffs 
Tlie group called a general deputies near Victorville. ■



Front Page controls will be required after the 
pi'esent freeze ends November 12.

The first inmate version of San 
Quentin’s breakout attempt was 
revealed in a San Francisco court­
room.

The Government took two ac­
tions designed to halt the grad­
ual increase in mortgage interest 
rates.

ing parochial schools to keep 
them from closing. Page 9.

Guards claimed two inmates 
were killed in the attempted San 
Quentin break because they re­
fused to take part in it.

After eight weeks, negotiations 
are resuming in the West Coast 
longshoremen’s strike.

■\ series of signs, pointing the 
«ay to San Francisco tourist at­
tractions, went up—and down— 
in a hurry. Page 3.

A  widow with tear-stained eyes 
described her life with one of the 
slain San Quentin correctional of­
ficers. Page 5.

The Greek press uses legal loop­
holes to get an astonishing 
amount of criticism of the govern­
ment into print. Page 11-

“Morning-after” pills can be a
life-saver tor girls who weren’t 
prepared the night before. Page 18.

Sporfs

Chicago’s chief prosecutor was 
indicted in connection with a police 
raid in which two Black Panthers 
were killed.

A  breakthrough in several areas 
of science was announced by the 
University of California’s Law­
rence Laboratory.

The Census Bureau says minor­
ity fh-ms take in less than 1 per 
cent of total U.S. business receipts. 
Page 3.

A NAACP spokesman charged 
that Mayor Joseph L. Alioto has 
been “d e c e i t f u l ” in discussing 
school integration. Page 6.

E.vplosions ripped through the 
ammunition dump at Cam Ranh 
Bay but no U.S. casualties were 
reported. Page 12.

inside

The Terba Buena Center rede­
velopment project got highly qual­
ified approval from the Federal 
Government.

The Secretary of Commerce said 
he feels mandatory wage-price

The Coast Guard tried to de­
termine the source of a “moder­
ate” oil spill in the northeastern 
part of the bay. Page 2.

San Francisco Superwsors were 
urged to pass a noise-abatement 
law with teeth in it. Page 2.

A  petition by San Quentin pris­
oners accused correction authori­
ties of touching off the weekend 
trouble. Page 4.

Black Panther Huey Newton 
called for dismissal of manslaugh­
ter charges against him because 
of missing evidence. Page 4.

A dramatic design for an Em- 
barcadero subway station was ap­
proved by a BART subcommittee. 
Page 6.

Jim Bourke, a Teamster official, 
declared himself a candidate for 
the Board of Supervisoi-s. Page 6.

Canada will retire its two
squadrons of Bomarc missiles de­
spite opposition by the Pentagon. 
Page 13.

Bolivia’s new Pre.sident said he 
will maintain friendly relations 
with the U.S. and will not seek 
ties with Cuba. Page 14.

The New York Yankees defeated 
Vida Blue and the Oakland A’s, 
1-0, and the Giants beat the Mets, 
3-2. Page 51.

Murray Wannath and Hayden 
Fry were named coaches for the 
Shrine East-West game next De­
cember at C a n d l e s t i c k  Park, 
cember. Page 51;

The Pacific Eight Conference 
cannot take action against Cali­
fornia for using Isaac Curtis, offi­
cials said. Page 51.

The Nixon Administration was
reportedly studying ways of aid-

Jackie Onassis’ social secretary, 
Nancy Tuckerman, is visiting buy­
ers in San Francisco’s top stores 
as part of her new job. Page 17.

Weather
Bay Area: P a r t l y  c l o u d y

Wednesday. High, 60s along coast 
to 80s inland; low, 50s to 60s. 
Winds to 20 m.p.h. Page 40.

iai
h«
is-

C l w i l r k
107th Year No. 237 H O M E  E D IT IO N * ' W E D N E S D A Y , A U G U S T  25, 1971 GArfie ld  1-1111 15 C E N T S

Soledad Hearing—  
A  Guard's Quentin Story
Angry 

Charges 

In Court

He Tells of

Inmates'

Murder
By T im  Findley

A smuggled-out petition 
and a tumultuous court 
hearing yesterday brought 
the first inmate version 
of the bloody events at 
San Quentin Prison on 
Saturday.

“They shot G e o r g e  
(Jackson) in the back and 
then when he wasn't dead 
they came up and shot him 
in the head,” John Clut- 
chette burst out at one 
point in the chaotic court 
hearing on previous mo­
tions in the “Soledad 
Brothers” murder case.

Clutchette was in court 
here at a preliminary hear­
ing of his trial for murder of 
a guard at Soledad Prison. 
But most of the time before 
Superior Court Judge Carl 
Allen was spent in outbursts 
and charges dealing with the 
six deaths at San Quentin.

By Paul A rCry

The two inmates knifed 
to death by fellow con­
victs during Saturday’s 
bloody breakout try at 
San (juentin Prison were 
killed because they re­
fused to take part in the | 
desperate escape attempt, | 
The Chronicle was told ! 
hy a prison guard yester- i 
day. i

John Lynn and Ronald i 
Kane had just completed I 
kitchen duties and were re-, 
turing to their cells in th e ' 
adjustment center when • 
they suddenly found them­
selves surrounded by sev­
eral armed convicts.

“We’re breaking out,” one 
convict told them. “Are you 
with us?”

A  Qualified | Phase 2 Planning 

Approval for 

Yerba Buena
B y Ralph Craih

The Federal Govern­
ment gave its highly qual­
ified approval yesterday 
to San Francisco’s huge 
$385 million Yerba Bue­
na Center redevelopment 
project.

But Arthur Evans, dep­
uty executive director of 
the San Francisco Rede­
velopment Agency, said a 
report, filed in U.S. Dis­
trict Court placed so many 
new restrictions and de­
mands upon the agency 
that “there’s no question 
that the entire project is 
in jeopardy.”

Without amendment, Ev­
ans. said, vital convention fa­
cilities in the project cannot 
be completed by< early 1974,

j.Conventipps. Ij a i e  already 
been booked" fntrf'the center

Stans Calls for
Extended Controls

Mandatory Measures

Necessary When the 

Present Freeze Ends
’ Times Service

Washington
Secretary of Commerce Maurice H. Stans said 

yesterday he thinks some form of mandatory wage 
and price controls will be required to restrain infla­
tionary pressures after the present freeze ends on 
November 12.

JUDGE POWER EDWARD HANRAHAN
He had suppressed charges Top prosecutor indictee

W ITNESSES
C l u t c h e t t e  and Fleeta 

Drumgo are two surviving 
“Soledad Brothers” and both 
witnessed Saturday’s events 
in which Jackson, their co­
defendant, was killed. They 
were in the courtroom as 
their attorneys tried desper­
ately to open an on-the-spot 
examination of what hap­
pened at the prison and 
"what is happening now.” 

During the hearing. Judge 
Frank Shaw was disquali­
fied, on grounds of a techni­
cality. from presiding over 
the Soledad case — the 
fourth judge to be disquali­
fied in lengthy pre-trial mo­
tions.

Judge Allen also set a 
hearing on 13 motions made 
earlier in pre-trial proceed­
ings in the case for tomorrow 
at 9;30 a.m.

Lynn, 29, serving a lengthy 
term for murdering a deputy 
sheriff, and Kane, 28, doing 
time for having made a  jail 
escape himself, looked at 
each other and then Kane 
said:

"We won’t get in your way 
. . but we don’t want in.”
“If you’re not with us, then 

you’re against us — and 
you’re going to die,” they 
were told.

With that, while each was 
being held by two convicts, 
Lynn and Kane died in sav­
age fashion. Their throats 
were slit.

A prison guard described 
the death of the two white in­
mates. He said investigators 
knew the identity of several 
convicts who took part in the 
slaying of two inmates and 
the three correctional offi­
cers.

Panther Raids

13 Chicago Cops
Are Indicted

Chicago

ANGER
But those decisions were 

virtually formalities during 
the 114-hour hearing in the 
t e n s e  courtroom jammed 
with angry supporters of the 
two defendants.

They sat behind the spe­
cially-erected bullet-proof 
g l a s s  partition separating 

See Back Page

All information resulting 
from the investigation i s 
being passed on to Marin 
c o u n t y  District Attorney 
Bruce Bales for his assess­
ment as to what charges 
may be filed against those 
who took part in the aborted 
escape attempt.

San Quentin officials were 
generally close-mouthed yes­
terday. They refused to com- 

See Back Page

A long - suppressed 
grand jury indictment yes­
terday charged state’s at­
torney Edward V. Hanra- 
han, chief prosecutor of 
Chicago, and 13 other lavv 
officers with conspiring to 
obstruct justice in the in­
vestigation of a police raid 
in which two Black Pan­
ther leaders were killed.

Chicago police superintend­
ent James Conlisk Jr. was 
one of five persons named as 
CO - conspirators, but he was 
not indicted.

Those facing the criminal 
charges are Hanrahan, a key 
mover in the Chicago Demo­
cratic party, an assistant 
state’s attorney, eight police­
men who took part in tlie 
Dec. 4. 1969, raid, and four 
police officers who later in­
vestigated the shootings and 
exonerated the officers.

Chief criminal court judge 
Joseph A. Power, who had 
suppressed the indictments 
since June 25, opened them

Thunder and Lightning
•An unusual summer storm | 

brought thunder and light- j 
ning, and a few sprinkles, to I 
much of Northern and Cen- j 
trai California last night. | 

In the Bay Area, lightning 
flashes were visible during 
the mid-evening hours, and 
there were several reports of 
thunder.

A few drops of rain fell in 
San Francisco in the late aft­
ernoon and early evening. 
There were s ome  sprinkles 
down the Peninsula, but no 
measurable amounts of rain.

Today’s Bay Area weather 
is expected to be partly 
cloudy but no rain is fore­
cast.

yesterday on orders of the Il­
linois Supreme Court.

Power — a former law 
partner of Mayor Richard 
Daley — had kept the indict­
ments locked up. citing a va­
riety of reasons, including 
charges that the grand jury 
had not heard all the perti­
nent witnesses and that it 
had been pressured into re­
turning the true bills. Yester­
day morning, the Supreme 
Court ordered him to act.

The indictments charged 
that Hanrahan, .50, and the 
others conspired to obstruct 
justice in the investigation 
which followed, the raid at

4:30 a.m. on a Chicago West 
Side apartment in  which 
Fred Hampton. 21, Illinois 
chairman of the Blae^ Pan­
ther party, and Mark Clark, 
22, a Panther organizer from 
Peoria, 111., were killed and 
four Panthers were wounded.

Those indicted were also 
accused of “ unlawful^, will­
ingly and knowingly ^stroy- 
ing, altering, concealmg and 
disguising physical evidence 
by planting false evidence 
and by furnishing false infor­
mation.”

The raid on the Panther 
apartment—ordered by Han- 
rahan’s office as a weapons 
search—has been the;, center 
of a national fm-or. '

CLAIM ■
The policemen fropi Han­

rahan’s office clainied they 
were greeted with a hail of 
gunfire when they broke into 
the apartment and that they 
fought a desperate-j battle 

See Back Page

for that period.
The Federal approval — 

and a demand that the Rede­
velopment Agency adopt an 
entirely new plan for housing 
p r e s e n t  residents of the 
project area — came in a 
22-page r e p o r t  filed by 
James H. Price, San Fran­
cisco area director of the 
U.S. Department of Housing 
and Urban Development.

MA'URltE'H. STANS 
He met businessmen

Stans, a member of the President’s Cost of Living 
Ciouncil, thus went well be-!---------------- -------------

LITIGATION
It is the latest phase in 

some two years of continuing 
litigation brought by Tenants 
and Owners in Opposition to 
Redelopment (TOOK) which 
has been represented by Sid­
ney Wolinsky and Amanda 
Fisher of the San Francisco 
Neighborhood Legal Assist­
ance Foundation,

TOOK and its attorneys 
have contended that the Re­
development Agency and the 
city have not provided ade­
quate rehousing of residents 
in the big South of Market 
area.

The area, bounded by Fol- 
s om,  Market, Third and 
Fourth streets in general, 
now has 986 individual resi­
dents and 38 families, HUD 
said.

Dock Strike 

Talks On 

Again Today
By Jackson R annelh

Relocating the f a m i l i e s  
presents no problem — but 
the 986 individuals “are al­
most entirely single, elderly 
and/or handicapped individ­
uals with extremely lo w  
rent-paying abilities.”

During the next 120 days, 
HUD will closely supervise 
Yerba Buena Center develop­
ment, particularly in the 

See Back Page

Negotiations" on coast­
wide wage and jurisdiction 
issues are to resume this 
morning for the first time 
since the West Coast long­
shoremen’s strike began 
eight weeks ago.

T h e  International Long­
shoremen’s and Warehouse­
men’s Union a n d  Pacific 
M a r i t i m e  Association an­
nounced the 10 a m. meeting 
yerterday.

Their terse, joint statement 
underscored the fact that all 
issues — including wages — 
will be open to negotiation.

ILWU president H a r  r y 
Bridges said last week that, 
wage-price freeze notwith­
standing, pay raises must be 
a part of any coastwide nego­
tiations.

yond last W'eek’s sta te ­
m ents by S ecretary  of the 
T reasury  John B. Connal- 
ly, chairm an of th e  coun­
cil, and S ecretary  of Labor 
Jam es D. Hodgson, another 
council member.

They said then only that 
some sort of anti-inflationary 
measures would be neces­
sary in phase 2 of the admin­
istration’s fight against con­
stantly rising prices.

BUSINESSM AN
Stans said that it has been 

“pretty well accepted” by 
the Cost of Living Council 
that there will be a second 
phase but that the specifies 
are not yet known.

Speaking w i t h  newsmen 
after meeting with 11 promi­
nent businessmen, the secre­
tary said in response to a 
question: “1 agree that some 
type of control system after 
the 90-day wage-prize freeze 
will have to be mandatory 
rather than voluntary.” He 
also said that there have to 
be controls over both wages 
and prices.

U.S. Moves 

On Mortgage 

Rate Increase
A'.l. Times Service

Washington
The government yester­

day announced a two-part 
a c t i o n  aimed at halting 
the g r a d u a l  increase in 
mortgage interest r a t e s  
that began last spring aft­
er a steep decline.

The actions were taken by 
the B’ e d e r a 1 Home Loan 
Bank Board and its affiliate, 
th e  ivederal Home Loan 
Mortgage Corp. The b a n k  
board reported simultaneous­
ly that the average interest 
r a t e  on a “conventional” 
mortgage — one not backed 
by the government — for p- 
new home rose to 7,65 pdr '

In addition to authorizing 
negotiations, the u n i o n ’ s 
coastwide strike committee 
ruled that cargo which had 
been strike-bound on the 
docks since July 1 can be 
trucked away.

ILWU locals up and down 
the coast were informed yes- 

See Back Page

Stans said the business ex-1 P®"" ®®”^
eciitives were unanimously I June, 
willing to accept some form ' I’his was still well below 
of controlled prices in return i the peak of more than 8.5 per 
for controls on wage increas-, cent reached last year, 
es. One of the steps taken yes-

He said the businessmen j ^ a s  designed to make
wanted to be sure that the “ ®'’® ™°"®y available for 
president’s program is no t! Mortgages. The other was 
terminated on November 13, i directly at interest

j with all the pressures that 
I will have built up by then 
let loose to undo what had I  the Home Loan Bank Board.

rates.
The first action, taken by

Lawrence Lab Finds the Key
By Marshall Scliu-arts

An incredible s e r i e s  ot| 
closed doors — in :areas of I 
science ranging from cancer 
therapy to cosmic ray phys­
ics—have been unlocked by 
scientists at the University 
of California’s L a w r e n c e  
Berkeley Laboratory, 

Scientists there announced 
yesterday that they had, one 
week ago, fulfilled a 20-year- 
old prediction made by the 
late Ernest 0, Lawrence, for

whom the laboratory i s ! 
named, by making a number j 
of critcal changes in their 
massive atom smasher, the  ̂
Bevatron.

The new breakthrough, 
which allows the researchers 
to accelerate nitrogen nuclei 
to the p r e v i o u s l y  only 
dreamed-of energy of 36 bil­
lion electron volts fBeV) is a 
“very great achievement,” 
according to Dr. Edwin M. 
McMillan, laboratory direc­

tor and. like Lawrence, a No­
bel laureate.

Previously, the highest en­
ergy achieved with the heavy 
nitrogen nuclei — m a n y  
times larger than particles 
usually used in atom smash­
ers — was 3.9 BeV. reached 
at Princeton University ear­
lier this month.

But back in 1951, in making 
his Nobel Prize acceptance 
speech. Lawrence predicted 

See Back Page

been accomplished before.
Among those meeting with 

Stans were chairmen Fred J. 
Borch of General Electric. 
Edwin H. Gott of United 
States Steel, Augustus C. 
Long of Texaco, James M. 
Roche of General Motors and 
Charles C. Tillinghast o f i 
Trans World Airlines.

] PROGRAM
j Stans also defended busi- : 
! ness, saying that the Presi- ■ 
j dent’s program had put it a t '
! “considerable disadvantage” '
I  and that business would have |  
; to sacrifice profits because it j 
1 would be" unable to recoup i 
I wage and material price in- 
'  creases made before August j 
1 15, when the price ft-eeze be-1 
i gan, :
I The secretary appeared to !

See Back Page

frees $800 million of funds in 
savings and loan associa­
tions, hitherto required to be 
held in “liquid” form, for 
mortgage lending. This was 
done by a reduction in the as- 

See Back Page

Index
Comics ................  64
Deaths ................  40
Entertainment.......  45
F inance................  60
TV-Radio 44
Vital Statistics . . . .  39
Weather ..............  40
Women's News . . . .  17

^Chr«nicle Pgbftshinf C«. If7 1 .



2  fan  |Trand»t« Wed., Aug. 25,1971

Oil Hits San Clemente
President's 
Beach Is 
A Mess

San Clemente
Part of a 30-mile - long 

oil slick caused by a Navy 
error washed ashore at the 
Western White House yes­
terday, fouling President 
Nixon’s private beach with 
gooey balls of oil.

“There is a band of little 
gobs about the size of half 
dollars on the beach between 
the waterline and the high- 
water mark,” said a Navy 
spokesman.

“I t’s a band about 25 to 30 
yai-ds wide, right along the 
beach area at the Western 
White House.”

President Nixon and his 
wife are staying at their 
beachfront villa.

A 100-man team of sailors 
and M a r i n e s  labored at 
cleaning up the pollution, but 
presidential aides said Mr. 
Nixon had “passed the wor4 
he does not want any priority 
^ven  his beach.” Mr. Nixon 
likes to stroll on the beach 
but does not swim there, pre­
ferring the milder surf of a 
neighboring Marine C o r p s  
beach.

SPILL
The Navy appointed a cap­

tain to conduct an investiga­
tion of the oil spill. The oil 
spurted from a Navy tanker, 
the USS Manatee, as it re ­
fueled the aircraft carrier Ti- 
conderoga last Friday.

Valves were left open on 
the wrong side of the ship 
due to “human error,” said 
Rear Admiral J.W . Williams 
Jr., commander of the ilth  
Naval District.

The hunks of oil washed 
ashore before dawn along a 
five-mile stretch of beach 
just north of the Camp Pen­
dleton Marine Corps base, 
that includes the Western 
White House. They left a 
“well-defined trail” on the 
beach stretching, northward 
from the San Onofre power 
plant, the Navy said.

The main body of the slick, 
a shiny ribbon 50-100 yards 
wide and 30 miles long, arced 
hazily from north to south in 
the Pacific, ranging from 5 
to 15 m i l e s  offshore. It 
stretched from Point Dana to 
south of Oceanside.

The shck “will probably 
have only minimal ecological 
effects if things continue as 
they are,”  said a spokesman 
for the state B’ish and Game 
Department, which activated 
its oil-spiU crisis team veter­
ans of the disastrous bird- 
kilhng oil spill in San Fran­
cisco Bay to deal mith the 
Navy spill.

United press

DA  Gets 
141 Welfare 

Fraud Cases

Three Camp Pendleton Marines, part of a 100-man clean-up force, toted an oil glob at San Clemente

Mysterious 
Oil Slick 

Smudges Bay

A total of 141 cases of 
suspected fraudulent wel­
fare claims—adding up to 
$171,927—have been re­
ferred to the district attor­
ney’s office here since 
April, the Social Services 
Department reported yes­
terday.

All of the cases involved 
claims under the category of 
Aid to Familes with Depend­
ent Children, said Ronald 
Born, general manager of 
the Department of Socail 
Services.

By the end of April, 89 cas­
es involving alleged frauds 
ranging in amounts from $71 
to $8430 were turned over the 
district attorney for investi­
gation, Born said.

Between May 1 and last 
Friday 52 adcUtional cases, 
investigated under new pro­
cedures by the social serv­

ices department, were re­
ferred for action. These cas­
es involve suspected frauds 
of between $48,50 and $5414.

The district attorney’s of­
fice has disposed so far of 14 
cases. The persons charged 
are required by court proba­
tion to make restitution, the 
district attorney’s office re­
ported.

Born said he expects his 
department will refer be­
tween five and ten new cases 
of suspected fraud each week 
over , the next several 
months.

An oil slick, described 
by the Coast Guard as 
“moderate,” spread over a 
six - mile stretch of San 
Francisco Bay yesterday, 
running from the southern 
side of the Carquinez strait 
to Roe Island.

The spill of heavy-duty 
bunker oil was first spotted 
after midnight and by noon 
was moving on flood tides up 
the Sacramento river toward 
the delta.

A “moderate spill” is de­
scribed by the Coast Guard 
as “anywhere from 100 to
10.000 gallons.”

The Coast Guard and other 
agencies i m m e d i a t e l y  
launched efforts to determine 
where the oil came, front. It 
was the largest spill in the. 
Bay since ■ January iS when 
two Standard Oil Company 
t a n k e r s  colhded, dumping
800.000 gallons of bunker fuel 
into the Bay. The massive 
cleanup effort that followed 
was estimated to have cost 
$5 million.

The Coast Guard said that 
yesterday’s spill may have 
come from a ship in the 
area. Spokesmen said the 
heaviest concentration of the 
oil was in the vicinity of the 
Shell Oil Company docks and 
the Avon instaEation of Stan­
dard OB. A tighter concentra­
tion, described as a sheen, 
stretched another three miles 
up the strait to Roe Island.

The Del Chemical Compa­
ny of San Francisco was au­
thorized by the Coast Guard 
to clean up the spill.

By late afternoon skim­
mers had removed much of 
the slick and log booms, 
stretched across the entrance 
to the Martinez marina, had 
kept all but a  few oil blobs 
from washing ashore.

After much of the oil had 
been barrelled, the Coast 
Guard estimated that be­
tween 200 and 300 gallons had 
been spBled.

Ecological damage caused 
by the slick has not yet been 
determined.

Long Beach 

Jiggled Again

The Stolen Cars 
Underneath Rome

Eome
Police yesterday report­

ed the existence of a real 
underworld — a flourish­
ing car - stealing racket 
operated from the ancient 
catacombs of Rome.

Officials said 6000 or more 
stripped automobiles maybe 
in the catacombs, which hon­
eycomb the soil of Rome for 
hundreds of miles.

Police said they recovered 
83 automobiles in July alone 
and have so far arrested 15 
men.

The catacombs are a  sys­
tem of galleries running as 
deep as 300 feet in which the 
ancient Romans used to bury 
their dead.

Because of the system’s la­
byrinthine complexity and 
absolute darkness, p o l i c e  
said, they have been able to

explore only a fraction of the 
tunnels relatively near the 
surface.

Police said car thieves 
drive their hauls into the tun­
nels through concealed en­
trances and strip them of ev­
erything valuable, l e a v i n g  
only the frames.

“They make the cars up in 
Turin,” one official said, 
“Here they unmake them.”

Bridge Crash 

Suit Granted 

Venue Change

O f f i c i a l s  guessed the 
thieves have made use of 
many of the catacombs un­
der the old Appiah way and 
said the racket probably stiU' 
is continuing despite police 
surveillance.

The catacombs are so vasw 
and the entrances so manja 
that it would take an army of! 
men t(  ̂stop ̂ fh^thiaves^, offi-i|
cials said.

United

A change of venue was 
granted yesterday in a  law­
suit filed by the owners of a 
ship that struck the Antioch 
Bridge last September, clos­
in g  the bridge for five 
months.

Superior Court Judge Mar­
tin Rothenberg of Contra 
Costa county ordered the 
trial held in Sacramento, in­
stead of Martinez. Attorneys 
for the Pacific Far East 
Lines had pointed out that 
the section of the bridge hit 
by the freighter Washington 
Bear was in  Sacramento 
county, not Contra Costa.

The shipping company is 
seeking to make the State of 
Catii'orhia and the Stockton 
Port District pay for the 
damages, on grounds that 
;%e ship was under command 
ol a  pilot licensed by the port 
district at the tinie of the ac­
cident.

A  Berkeley [ Supervisor Unit 
O K  for
Police Grant
The Berkeley City Coun­

cil voted 5 to 1 last night 
to authorize application for 
a $64,000 Federal grant to 
set up a police department 
microfilm record - keeping 
sj'stem.

Guidelines for the proposed 
system, which is expected to 
s p e e d  information about 
criminal records, will be de­
veloped by a council commit­
tee, members decided.

The opposing vote was cast 
by councilman D’Army Bai­
ley who called the proposal 
“ a potential threat to civil 
liberties.”

Bailey offered a substitute 
motion stipulating that the 
microfilm system would not, 
among other things, contain 
the names of any person who 
had not been convicted of a 
criminal offense. In addition, 
he said, files should be open 
to aU those named.

His proposal was not even 
seconded after supporters of 
the grant porposal said these 
matters could be more ap­
propriately left to the guide­
line committee.

Two of the so-catied radi­
cal council members, includ­
ing Ilona Hancock who had 
vigorously opposed the mea­
sure, were not present for 
the vote. Mrs. Hancock had 
previously criticized the po­
lice a p p l i c a t i o n  for the 
grant which described Berke­
ley as “a hotbed for revolm 
tionaries.”

FTC Crackdown

Firms Told to Prove Ads
Washington

One advertisement says 
that the Carrier Corp. 
Round One central air con­
ditioners are “quieter and 
last longer.” Another touts 
the Rheem central air con­
ditioner as “the quietest, 
most efficient cooling you 
can get.”

These competing represen­
tations were among more 
than 40 advertising claims 
listed by the Federal Trade 
Commission yesterday in let­
ters ordering 11 air condi­
t i o n i n g  manufacturers to 
supply “all documentation 
a n d  other substantiation” 
within 60 days.

In similar orders to four 
manufacturers of electric ra- 
zore, the commission caEed 
for documentation and sub­
stantiation of 14 advertising 
claims.

The orders were issued as 
part of a continuing “infor­
mational” program designed 
to reach all major advertis­
ers on an industry - by - in­
dustry basis. On July 13, the 
first such orders went out to 
seven automobile manufac­
t u r e r s .  They involve 60 
claims.

Once the information is 
collected, filed and indexed, 
it will be open to public 
inspection.

In some instances, inade­
quate documentation m a y  
lead to cease - and - desist 
proceedings by the commis­
sion.

The commission originatiy 
intended to issue orders to 
various industries about ev­
ery three months. 'The pro­
gram has now been stepped 
up with the intention of issu- 
i n g several orders every 
month, Gerald J. Thain, as­

sistant director of the com­
mission’s bureau of consum- 
e|. protection, said at a news 
ccinference.

Thain said the selection of 
certain advertisements for 
documentation was not in­
tended to imply that the 
claims were false or could 
not be substantiated.

The air conditioning manu- 
f i tu re r s  ordered to docu- 
nfent advertisements were 
the Carrier Corp., Trane Co., 
G pera l Electric Co,, West- 
in^buse Cor p . .  Chrysler 
Corp., Raytheon Co., White 
Consolidated I n d u s t r i e s ,  
McGraw-Edison Co., City In­
v e s t i n g  Co., Borg-Warner 
Corp., and Whirlpool Corp.

The razor manufacturers 
were the Sperry Rand Corp., 
Sulibeam corp., North Amer- 
icap Phillips Corp., (Norel- 
co) and Schick Electric, Inc.

A.y. Times Service

Airliner Bombed
Madrid

A bomb biew a hole in the 
fuselage of an empty Royal 
Jordanian airlines Boeing 707 
at Madrid’s Barajas airport 
early yesterday but caused 
o n l y  slight damage, the 
Spanish Air Ministry report­
ed.

Reuters

Town Marooned
New Delhi

A wave of heavy monsoon 
f l o o d s ,  sweeping through 
northeast India has com­
pletely iharooned Malda, a 
town of about 50,000 people in 
West Bengal, it was reported 
yesterday.

R e u te rs

Stiff Anti-Noise 
Bill Is Offered

The Board of Supervi­
sors was urged yesterday 
to f i g h t  environmental 
pollution by passing a 
noise abatement law with 
some teeth in it.

A 13-page draft ordinance 
wi-itten by Board President 
Dianne Feinstein and Super­
visor Robert Mendelsohn was 
presented to Mendelsohn’s 
health and environment com­
mittee.

The package also includes 
a proposal from Supervisor 
Ron Pelosi for a community 
“Task Force on Noise Con­
trol,” and a resolution by 
Mrs. Feinstein urging the 
Legislature to amend State 
Vehicle Code sections relat­
ing to vehicle noise limits.

Several speakers from con­
servation groups agreed with 
the supervisors that peace 
and quiet is getting harder to 
f i n d  — w h a t  with the 
nervous-making cacaphony 
of scavengers’ trucks at day­
break, motorcycles and pile 
drivers at high noon, and 
acid-rock m u s i c  blasting 
away all night long on the 
neighbors’ hi-fi.

‘ENCROACHMENT’ 
“Noise is encroaching on 

our lives," said Mrs. Fein­
stein, who thinks San Fran­
cisco should follow the lead 
of the three Southern Califor­
nia cities that already have 
anti-noise laws, B e v e r l y  
Hills, Torrance and Ingle­
wood.

Her bill contains a “grand­
father clause” which would 
allow bulldozers and other 
noisy construction equipment 
to be used up to a cutoti date 
years hence when the law 
would take fulT effect.

A prime target of the law 
would be the kind of inconsid­
erate nerd who does his car 
repairs at home and revs his 
engine in the wee hours, to 
the discomfort of neighbors 
trying to sleep.

75 DECIBELS
A level of 75 decibels or 

over —■ about as noisy as a
sports car taking off — would 
be “prima facie” evidence of 
a misdemeanor, she said, 
with the proposed penalty a

$500 fine or six months in 
jaU.

She and Mendelsohn’‘sug­
gested the noise legislation 
be enforced partly by the De­
partment of Health and part­
ly by the Departmentof Pub­
lic W o r k s ,  which would 
charge a  fee for licensing 
h e a v y  construction equip­
ment.

City engineer Robgrt' C 
Levy suggested instead'that 
the police take on Uie job. 
since they operate around 
the clock and most com­
plaints would be nighttime 
complaints, when most other 
city employees are resting.

He suggested the police de­
tail a “small sound patrol” 
on each shift.

STUDY 
And he thought $50,000 was I 

a Ukely “h o r s e b a c k  esti-a 
mate” for a  study to be con­
ducted over the next yea^^ 
The Task Force would report 
its findings and recommeui 
dations by June 30, 1973, ac4 
cording to Pelosi’s proposal.

This wasn’t  soon enough 
for Paul Boyich a  spokesmen 
for the stationary engineers, 
employed in the “intolera-^ 
bly” noisy boiler room at San 
Francisco General Hospita^ 

If something isn’t  don| 
soon about the earsp littin^ 
blowers'there, “they’re g o n j 
na have to open the doors 
Napa,”  said Boyich. '“Those ' 
guys are going crazy.”  '

At Mrs. Feinstein’s reiC. 
quest, the draft wiU be heldl 
on calendar for a month so 
that further discussions can 
be held with groups like the 
Sierra Oub, SPUR, S an  
Francisco Tomorrow and the 
City Attorney’s office. >

The committee also, ap-f 
pointed an ad hoc committee| 
representing city agencies 
and other groups, to makd 
recommendations on stanT 
dards and enforcement when; 
the committee meets agaiiij 
on September 28. J

Additionally, Mendelsohn’"! 
committee agreed to writ* 
letters to San Francisco Gen? 
eral Hospital and to the Sal? 
Francisco Unified S c h o o l  
District, w h i c h  allegedl; 
tests its buses by rujinin 
them around Potrero H ill t 
take steps voluntarily to qur 
noise levels.

Long Beach
The second minor earth­

quake in two days occurred 
in this coastal city Monday 
about 9:45 p.m. As in the 
first tremor, there were no 
reports of damage.

The Sunday, quake which 
registered 2.5 on the Richter 
scale centered in the San 
Fernando Valley and Holly­
wood areas. United Press

J r a n t i s f o  C l j r o n td c

Published by
Tb« Chronicle Publishing Co* 

901 Mission Street 
San Francisco, Colifornio 

94119

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iuu yrauiisto CSjctuCfU Wed., Aug. 25, i .

Petition From San Quentin

Inmates Claim a Plot

A  Year in 

Jail for 

3 Panthers

cyiaenca

By Huel W'ashington
A hand-w ritten petition 

draw n up in San Q uentin’s 
adjustm ent c e n t e r  and 
signed by 26 inm ates in­
volved in S aturday’s al­
leged escape attem pt ac­
cused prison authorities of 
touching off the trouble as 
p a r t of a  conspiracy “to 
kill George Jackson.’’

San Quent i n Associate 
Warden >James Park quickly 
denied the charge and said 
that  correctional officers 
“acted with great restraint.” 
He denied that prisoners in­
volved in the episode are 
being beaten or prevented 
from receiving medical at­
tention.

Attorneys for Jackson and 
the two surviving “Soledad 
Brothers” tried to introduce 
the petition, written as a 
“motion for restraining or­
der.” in court yesterday. 
When that did not work, they 
read it to newsmen and sup­
porters of the “brothers” 
waiting outside the court 
hearing.

“We, the u n d e r s i g n e d, 
each being held incommuni­
cado, because of suffering 
from both wounds and inter­
nal injuries inflicted upon 
our persons by known and 

, unknown agents of Warden 
Louis S. Nelson,” the petition 
began.

The document, written on 
■ the back of a large greeting 
card and smuggled out of the 
prison charged that “They

O'mier oF

f& neisco

XuiKnyo )  f h . .

,l/>Mes K  / .  p A R k , -
hT/ie.Jietiy j

DeUf/dA.AX'i/ I
'RcsPotOi^aatS )

Three Black Panthers 
: who took part in a 1968 
; shootout with Oakland po- 

ground for six hours, and | lice were given 12-month 
said Mancino w’as g i ven  jail terms yesterday, 
prompt medical attention. I : Alameda Superior Court

The inmates, in their peti- Judge Lewis Lercara im- 
lion, said they are --now ; POfd the sentences on Don- 
being threatened constant-; ueU Lankford, Terry Cotton 
ly,” and . are sure that! Scott, ^
(Warden Louisi Nelson will | The three men were ongin- 
continue the beatings and udy charged with attempted

fvTi ■fSesfe/imA/(} Ol^SBiey

Caines -Vbur ^/e.
PhVss ^ P Q  CaUTSt a/ aa O XSjiiC  ~

PXo/n Cox/iAAei-̂ A/J 
i:  -ieo-iy MiesAp -aPa/>J X e td
P/aft/iffFs /MCoAtmUA/LCa-dlâ  /idJit/'i
PpLwttPPS AAAt/r -X3.'JI,̂ Ay..7A a)

o f  OiffofiA'k ) 
&iM 7y a f  /

S y ^ f P / Z l / y V i P  Pa/  .
. •Sufipoier Qp PiSM/ymivS^ 
.-ogBiS_____________ .

p(e Hr/teKif^'/edLf es<?L Jusdd.
/AACoa\,nCU.A/lca. 0̂ 0̂  SulP& K//^  floXU

daffcete.d' -tcpoP m K  '^ajzXSoA/s ^  
â a/J- iCA/̂ Av'eiAjrrx, Agf A S i f  /✓
(a7ôe4S aS, •

Tj/^yeaf o>&.'S Af.

1 , c/ecAvĴ  wJIlA. -pe-vtipf i f  Ppejata  ̂ PA.P .
-  A  ,» « £  AiA/d (S« ie£c/.

(prison correctional officers) ,yuea.s{ h3A/9P/

(/) A-ySKAi'.fL
opened the gates and ordered 
(the undersigned) from their 
cells. We refused to leave 
and then the shotguns were 
heard.”

Floyd Silliman, attorney 
for “Soledad Brother” John 
Clutchette, said his client 
told him that George Jackson 
ran out from the other in­
mates to draw the correction­
al officers’ fire.

CHARGE
“George realized he was 

the one they wanted,” Silli­
man said. “George sacrificed 
his life for the other inmates 
by drawing the fire.”

The petition also contended 
that inmates in the Adjust­
ment Center were forced to 
lay nude on the ground out­
side the center from 4 p.m.

These are portions of the hand-written document—  
a motion for a restraining order and an affidavit in 
its support— that attorneys tried to introduce in 

court

Mancino, the inmate peti­
te 10 p.m. and were beaten 
individually with “b l a c k -  
jacks, clubs and guns. . .”

“ . . . Allan Mancino was 
begging to have his hand­
cuffs loosened,” the petition 
said. “A guard stepped for­
ward and told the man to 
keep quiet and shot part of 
his leg off.”

Mancino, the inmate peti­
tion said, did not receive 
medical attention for an hour 
after he was shot.

(Prison authorities conced­
ed that Mancino was shot, 
but contend he was only 
“grazed” in the leg when he 
tried to stand up. They de­
nied the men laiy on the

threats.”
Silliman, after reading the 

petition to the group outside 
the courtroom, urged “every­
one of you who are families 
of men there (the adjustment 
center) to get out there and 
demand to know what is 
going on before these men 
are killed.”

He said messages had been 
received from Senator Allan 
Cranston (Dem-Calif.) and 
Congressman Ron Dellums 
(Dam-Berkeley) offering as­
surances that they will per­
sonally investigate the case 
if necessary.

Appeals for an investiga­
tion of the prison were heard 
again and again from bitter 
a n d  emotional supporters 
waiting outside a court hear­
ing on the Soledad case.

‘TRAGEDIES’
“Due to certain circum­

stances in this country today, 
people no longer believe in 
our system of justice,” said 
Assemblyman John Miller of 
Berkeley. “Ti-agedies l i k e  
this will occur and continue 
to occur — I want to get the 
investigation started now.”

Both Miller and the Rev. 
Cecil Williams of Glide Me­
morial Methodist C h u r c h  
urged that at least part of the 
investigation body be com­
posed of ex-convicts.

Similar calls for an investi­
gation were made by Charles 
Bell, president of the San 
Francisco chapter o f the 
N AA C P ,  Carlton Goodlett, 
publisher of the Sun Report­
er, and Marvip Stender of 
the National Lawyers Guild.

But prison officials have 
already flatly rejected calls 
for an investigation,

“We will not allow an in­
vestigation that will interfere 
or j e o p a r d i z e  criminal 
charges and prosecution re­
sulting from this incident,” 
said a spokesman for Correc­
tions Director Raymond Pro- 
cunier.

Bomb Caused! 
Blast at 1 

Paint Factory
A bomb was responsible 

for the terrific explosion that 
ripped through a storeyard of 
empty paint barrels a n d  
shook the Glidden Paint 
Company factory at 1000 16th 
street Monday night, investi­
gators said yesterday.

“Thank God the barrels 
were empty,” said Arson 
Inspector Robert Gerhow.

T h e  explosion scattered 
dozens of the 50-gallon bar­
rels and broke nearly every 
window in the big factofyat 
11 p.m.

Police said a janitor, Sam­
uel Morris, 44, of 661 Moul­
trie street, was knocked un­
conscious by the blast. He 

, was treated for shock at 
Mission Emergency Hospital 
and released.

Inspector Gerhow said a 
search of the wreckage in the 
yard produced pieces of met­
al with traces of gunpowder.

Investigators were at a 
loss to explain the motive be­
hind the bombing.

Jury Charges on 
Sirhan Evidence

Los Angeles
County C l e r k  William 

Sharp, whose office has 
custody of evidence per­
taining to  the Kennedy 
assassination, was rebuked 
by th e  county grand jury  
yesterday for s l i p s h o d  
adm inistrative procedures.

The jury sent a letter to 
the board of supervisors aft­
er it ended a one - week in­
vestigation into reports that 
the exhibits used at the trial 
of Sirhan B. Sirhan had been 
examined by persons who 
failed to secure the required 
court order.

The jury letter said the ex­
hibits were handled by unau­
thorized persons and that of- 
f i c e  employees “mishan­
dled” the evidence to the 
point where the jurors have 
r e s e r v a t i o n s  as to “the 
present integrity of the bal­
listics exhibits.”

The evidence stored in the 
clerk’s office includes the 
slugs removed from Robert 
F. K e n n e d y ’s body, his 
clothes, a n d  the murder 
weapon. Observers have said 
that the markings on the soft 
lead of the slug could be

damaged by improper han­
dling, thus hampering the 
state’s case in fighting Sir- 
han’s appeal of the convic­
tion.

Earlier yesterday, deputy 
district attorney R i c h a r d  
Hecht, who presented the 
case to the jury last week, 
revealed that a copy of one 
of Sirhan’s scribbled note­
book - diaries was missing 
from the deck’s f i l e s .  He 
said, however, the original is 
still safely in court records 
stored elsewhere.

The jury letter said that 
because of the “startling in­
adequacy” of the records, 
the jury would be unable to 
return any i n d i c t m e n t s  
against the persons responsi­
ble for the missing notebook.

United Press

Party Outlawed
Accra

Money for 
Telegraph 
Hill Work

A n emergency fund of 
$392,000 to try to save Tele­
graph Hill from earth slides 
this winter was voted by the 
Board of Supervisors Mon­
day.

Work will be done on the 
northeastern part of the hill, 
where serious rock slides be­
gan last year. If more occur, 
at least 16 buildings would be 
in serious danger, the City 
Engineer’s office reported.

Preventive work will in­
clude building a 120-foot-long 
retaining wall,, drilling a se­
ries of 200-foot-deep holes to 
permit pumping out of accu­
mulated water; and remov­
ing what engineers called a 
consideratble amount of im- 
stable fill.

Damascus Fair
Damascus

More than 230 companies

murder of Oakland police of­
ficers Richard Jensen and 
Nolan Darnell. On July 12 
they pleaded guilty to the re­
duced charge of felony as­
sault on a police officer.

B L O O D Y
The trio were part of a 

nine - man Panther group in­
volved in a bloody melee 
with police on April 6, 1968. 
Both officers were severely 
injured in the shootout and 
are now retired.

P a r t y  treasurer Bobby 
Hutton, 17, was killed in the 
shootout.

Lercara sentenced each of 
the three defendants to pris­
on terms of one to 15 years. 
He suspended imposition of 
the sentences; however, on 
condition they serve one - 
year jail terms.

Lercara said Cotton and 
Lankford would each be giv­
en credit for time already 
spent in jail — about four 
months each. Their actual 
jail sentence would be about 
eight months.

THEFT
The judge said Scott was 

not to get credit for time 
served but must spend the 
entire year in jail. He point­
ed out that Scott had been ar­
rested again only this past 
Monday on charges of petty 
theft against his former wife.

Lercara said he wanted to 
make it clear that he was im­
posing th e  12-month jail 
terms at the express request 
of the District Attorney’s of- 
fice and “after reading the 
probation officer’s r e p o r t  
myself.”

Assistant District Attorney 
Frank Vukota later told a re­
porter that he considered the 
sentences fair.

FUGITIVE
Also involved in the shoot­

out was fugitive Black Pan­
ther information officer El- 
dridge Cleaver who is now in 
Algeria.

Two o t h e r  m e m b e r s ,  
Charles Bursey anS Warren 
Wells (not the Oakland Raid­
ers football player), were 
found guilty of felony assault 
and are serving p r i s o n  
terms. Party Chief of Staff 
David Hilliard was convicted 
of assault last June and is in 
prison. Wendell Wade, is al­
ready serving a term in San 
Quentin for armed robbery.

Oakland Funeral 

Saturday for 

George Jackson
Funeral services for 

George Jackson, 29, slain m 
San Quentin’s abortive prison 
break, will be held on Satur­
day. it was announced yes­
terday.

They will be held at 11 
a.m. at St. Augustine’s Epis­
copal Church at 2624 West 
street, Oakland, where a 
year ago last rites were lield 
for his 17-year-old brother, 
Jonathan, slain in the at­
tempt to free prisoners at the 
Marin County Civic Center,

Jackson, a native of Chica­
go who was taken to South­
ern California as a child, is 
survived by his parents, Mr. 
and Mrs. Lester Jackson of 
Pasadena, and three sisters.

Funeral arrangements are 
being handled by the Thomp­
son Funeral Home, 9900 East 
14th street, Oakland. Jackson 
will be buried next to his 
brother in Mount Vernon. 111.

A  Claim of 

'Revenge' 
For Jackson

Newton Requests 
Charge Dismissal

B l a c k  P an the r pa rty  
chief H uey Newton asked 
A lam eda county Superior 
Court yesterday to  throw  
out m anslaughter charges 
against him  because the 
sta te  has lost a k ey  piece 
of defense evidence.

The missing item

attorney, called on the court 
to produce the law book or 
drop the charges.

Judge Robert H. Kronin- 
ger. presiding judge of Ala­
meda county Superior Coru-t, 
denied Gary’s motion for. a 
stay of the October 12 trial 
date until and unless the

blood-stained law book which I state can produce the mi?s 
Newton contends he was u s - ' ing evidence, 
ing to recite his rights to i However, Kroninger " ”
Oakland police officer John 
Frey on  the night Frey 
stopped him for a traffic vio­
lation.

The policeman was killed 
in an outbreak of shooting 
and • the bloodied book — 
“California Criminal Law” 
— was found a few feet from 
the dying Frey in the early 

I morning hours of Oct. 28, 
1967.

TRIAL
I Newton faces a thii'd trial, 
j scheduled for October 12, in 
i connection with the incident,
' He was convicted of man- 
; slaughter once, but the deci- 
I Sion was later reversed by a 
j higher state court. His sec­
ond trial ended last month in 
a hung jury.

Charles R. Garry, Newton’s

A m i l i t a n t  g r o u p  
claimed yesterday to  have 
set f i r e  to a  B a n k  of 
Am erica branch hei’e early  
Sunday to  a v e n g e  the 
death of San Quentin in­
m ate George Jackson.

An unsigned photo copied 
note w'as delivered to The 
Chronicle yesterday by spe­
cial delivery. It read in part:

“Brothers and Sisters . . . 
after learning that the San 
Quentin pigs had murdered 
our beloved comrade George 
Jackson, we set fire to the 
Bank of America on Cortland 
St. in San Francisco and 
burned out one of the bank 
walls.

“This action, limited as it 
was, was the first of this kind 
for all of us . . . Action-over­
comes fear.”

The San Francisco Fire 
Department confirmed that 
some gasoline was splashed 
against the wall of the bank 
and set on fire at about 4:30 
a.m. Sunday.

The fire caused only minor 
damage to the exterior, ac­
cording to fire officials.^

Navy Jet Crash
Yokohama

A United States Navy Cru­
sader jet crashed into a wood 
on the edge of this Japanese 
port yesterday. Reuters

dered District Attorney Low­
ell Jensen and state Attorney 
General Evelle Younger to 
produce the book. Otherwise, 
he ruled, they should show 
cause w’hy the indictment 
against Newton should not be 
dismissed. He scheduled a 
hearing for 2 p.m. on Sep­
tember 2 on the matter.

EVIDENCE
Newton’s law book was evi­

dence in the Panther chief's 
first trial and was sent to the 
State Appeals court with his 
appeal. But the copy was not 

among evidence retmnedfor 
the second trial.

The law book, Garry said 
at the second trial, was the 
single most important piece 
of physical evidence in the 
defense case. .

Ex-Cons' Group 
Calls It 'Setup'

The United Prisoners 
Union, a  radical organiza­
tion of ex-convicts, said 
here yesterday th a t S atu r­
day’s San Quentin escape 
attem pt w as a  “setup” by 
prison authorities 11 to ex- 
e c u  t  e Soledad B rother 

George Jackson.”
At a press conference at 

G l i d e  Memorial Methodist 
Church, spokesmen for the 
organization said, however, 
they had “nothing from the 
inside,” since San Quentin 
has been under strict lockup, 
but were basing their conten­
tion on their experience and 
knowledge of state prisons. 

The union claims a racial-

son, 41. who served 19 years 
in state prisons for robbery 
and burglary, contended: “It 
would have been totally im­
possible for Brother Jackson 
to hide a gun in his hair.”

(Jackson, a  Negro, is not 
i-elated to the inmate George 
Jackson).

“We speak for the op­
pressed convict class,” an­
other spokesman J. Douglas 
Halford, who served time for 
armed robbery.

Royal Visit
f Bangkok

Queen Juliana of The Neth-
.An urgent bill outlawing j ft-om 42 countries will take : ly-mixed membership of 450 j erlands and her husband, 

the revival in any form of part in the 18th Damascus in-1 ex-felons and others in Cali-’P r i n c e  Bernhard, arrived
ex-president Kwame Nkru- 
m a h ’s Convention Peoples 
Party was passed 92 to 16 by 
the G h a n i a n Parliament 
early yesterday, Reuters

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r

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Census Report

Minority Firms' 
Small Receipts

Washington
Business owned by members of m inority groups— 

blacks, Spanish-speaking persons and people of o ther 
races—take in  less than  1 per cent of th e  to ta l United 
States business receipts, a U.S. Census B ureau survey 
....................  estimates.

A  Legal 
Check on 

Sexy Chess
Loiidoti

T h e  mating on Trevor 
Stowe’s  chessboard wasn’t 
the kind normally seen in the 
game..

A London court was told 
yesterday that the 32-piece 
set, displayed outside Stowe’s 
London antique shop, showed 
couples in sexual positions.

Stowe denied the chess set 
was pawn-ographic.

“When you look at this 
against the background of 
London in 1971,” he said, 
“with- dirty bookshops, strip 
clubs and dirty films, this set 
is something to be laughed 
at, not something to be con­
sidered as indecent.”

The court didn’t  see it that 
way.

It fined him $84 for an in­
decent public display.

Associated Press

A-Test Study
Secrecy

Charged
Bos Angeles

S enator M i k e  Gravel 
(Derrt-Alaska) accused the  
Nixon adm inistration yes­
terday  of “unw arran ted  se­
crecy” in refusing to  re ­
lease a  study  reportedly 
lisoussing hazards of a 
(lanned te s t of a  nuclear 
fevice in th e  A leutian is- 
ands.

Gravel told a news confer­
ence the study was prepared 
by seven federal agencies, 
five of which were opposed to 
the test.

“I have tried for three 
weeks to get that study and I 
can’t  even get the courtesy of 

' a  reply,” Gravel said.
Gravel said opposition to 

' th e  blast on AmcMtka island 
has' come from ecologists 
and businessmen alike. He 
said the test would have only 
limited research and defense 
value because the weapons 
device would be outmoded in 
two years and possibly out­
lawed by the strategic arms 
limitation talks.

The senator said environ- 
meptalists are eager to read 
tlie report but have been de­
nied; the privilege.

!Che Senator said he knew 
of no definite date set for the 
test..

United Press

Although they account tor 
about 17 per cent of the Unit­
ed States population, these 
groups own firms which re­
ceive only about seven-tenths 
of one per cent of the total 
business receipts m t h i s  
country.

Their businesses had re­
ceipts totalling $10.6 biUion in 
1969. The combined receipts 
of all American businesses 
was $1498 billion in 1967, the 
last year in which over-all 
statistics were collected.

SMALL
Minority groups now own 

about 322,000 business firms, 
about 4 per cent of the total 
number of American enter­
prises. The vast majority of 
them are small retail shops 
and service firms.

The findings represent the 
first detailed study of minori­
ty-owned enterprise, but they 
do not surprise experts in the 
field. Analysts who have at­
tempted to increase minori­
ty-group enterprise say they 
have always known the num­
ber was extremely low.

“It’s incredibly low,” said 
Ben Goldstein,' president of 
t h e  National Council for 
Equal Business Opportunity, 
Inc. “and the size of black 
companies is very small. 
You won’t  find 15 black com­
panies in this country that 
take in more than $1 million 
a year.”

A. F. Rodriguez, executive 
director of the cabinet com­
mittee on Opportunities for 
the Spanish-Speaking, s a i d  
the census report amounts to 
“just what we’ve been saying 
for the last two years.”

CAPITAL
Rodriguez said a lack of 

capital and of manpower 
training funds h a v e  held 
back economic development 
of the Spanish-speaking.

Commerce S e c r e t a r y  
Maurice H. Stans called the 
ratio of minority-ownedbusi- 
n e s s e s  “disproportionately 
low” and said efforts to 
“achieve a  viable minority 
business community” must 
be increased.

The figures were released 
as the Office of Management 
and Budget is considering a 
proposal to expand the feder­
al government’s role in fos­
tering what President Nixon 
has called “black capital­
ism.”

The details of the proposal 
are not known.

At present, the Office of 
Minority Business Enterprise 
in the Commerce Depart­
ment counsels and encour­
ages minority businessmen, 
but has no money to make 
grants or loans.

IPashington Post Service

MAivdmsj

IM ( ^

I .

A  traffic department employee yesterday examined the already-retired brand-new signs.

Reiected D irections
The city puts up signs — and sometimes the 

city quickly takes them down.
About three weeks ago, a dozen big new 

green signs pointing the way to Fisherman’s 
Wharf, North Beach, the Crooked Street and 
Downtown were put up on Lombard, Van Ness 
and Bay to make it easier for tourists to find 
their way around the city.

City traffic engineers hoped the signs would 
help to divert traffic around Russian Hin.

But tiiey never really got a  chance to find 
out, senior traffic engineer William Marconi said 
yesterday.

“The supervisors originally asked us to try 
it.

“Then there w asahassel.
“Some of the motel people (along Lombard 

and Van Ness) thought the signs were sending 
tourists to motels in Fisherman’s Wharf.

“They talked to some supervisors. The su­
pervisors talked to Tom Mellon (the city’s chief 
administrative officer) and he talked to the De­
partment of Public Works.”

And then the signs were all ordered down.
The new signs — which cost an estimated 

$900 to make, pips another $312 to install and 
remove — are now in storage at the traffic de­
partment’s sign shop at 461 Valencia street.

Groups' Plea 
For Urban 
Design Plan
F our planning and con­

servation groups urged th e  
C ity Planning D e p a r t -  
m ent yesterday to  adopt 
th e  proposed U rban Design 
P lan  im mediately and take 
steps to  curb a  recent rash  
of high-rise building pro­
posals.

At its meeting tomorrow, 
the commission will consider 
both the adoption of the Ur­
ban Design Plan and passage 
of a resolution of “intent” to 
implement the plan’s height 
and bulk limits.

Such a resolution, under a 
section of the City Planning 
Code, has the effect of auto­
matically placing new height 
limits on much of the city un­
til new zoning laws can be 
given public hearings and un­
til their adoption. That pro­
cess would take 18 months to 
two year's.

The San Francisco Plan­
ning and Urban Renewal As­
sociation (SPUR) said it sup­
ported the Planning Commis­
sion move toward rezoning.

The San Francisco Bay 
chapter of the Sierra Club 
San Francisco Tomorrow 
and the Citizen’s P lanning 
Committee, in a  joint state- 
m e n t ,  also urged action 
against the disruption of the 
city’s skyline.

“We are very pleased that 
Commissioner (Mortimer) 
Fleishhaeker has asked that 
a  resolution be adopted and 
we support its passage by the 
Planning Commission,” said 
S P U R  executive director 
John Jacobs.

Speaking of a controversial 
proposal for a huge high-rise 
atop Russian Hill, Jacobs 
said, “We are terribly con-

fa n  f^ranrlat* C^ranictr 3
★  Wed., Aug. 25, 1971

Sept. 13 Hearing 

On Russian Hill 

High-Rise
Although the Board of Per­

mit Appeals voted Monday to 
delay consideration of a con­
troversial Russian Hill apart­
ment house for two weeks, it 
later amended the postpone­
ment to three weeks because 
of the Labor Day holiday.

A Chronicle report yester­
day of the Board of Permit 
Appeals vote failed to include 
the fact that the Russian Hill 
hearing is now scheduled for 
September 13.

cerned at preventing this 
type of blockbuster develop­
ment immediately before the 
adoption of the very fine Ur­
ban Designing Plan.”

The Russian Hill building, 
proposed for construction at 
1150 Lombard street, does 

not conform to Urban Design 
Plan guidelines although it is 
in conformance with present 
zoning and building codes.

The joint statement of the 
three groups also asked that 
t h e  Planning Commission 
“end the current open season 
for huge and irresponsible 
projects.”

“The Planning Department 
and the Planning Commis­
sion are to be strongly com­
mended for responding to an 
otherwise disastrous situa­
tion,” said the statement. “A 
freeze on oversized develop­
ment, even if temporary, 
would do much to prevent 
additional blockbuster dis­
rupting and che^ening San 
Francisco’s s k y l i n e  be­
fore the Board of Supervisors 
can implement the necessary 
zoning reform.”

3

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m, 0  m  m mw M

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Friday, August 26 and 27, in 

I. Magnin San Francisco. Come see a glorious 

gamut of great looks including 

an inimitable costume by Belle Sau n d ^  for 

Abe Schrader. Natural nutria 

collared jacket over side-buttoned-skirt 

dress. Beige/brown wool tweed.

SiBonne lined. 8 to 16 sizes 200.00.

Fine Dress Salon

Fur products labeled to show 
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HtiDiiLW*EMiMeum*snMnm«Miiia>meM«simi^



Here's Courtine:

Charming Story, Sadly Unrelated
By Robert }. Courtint 

Paris
There Is a delicious dish 

called ribs of mutton a la 
Champvallon, and I would 
like to tell you a  deUcious 
story about it.

Margaret De V a l o i s ,  
Queen Margot, the grand 
wife of Henry IV, once let 
the court of France share 
her most intimate thoughts 
about “the only sun of her 
soul, her beautiful heart,” 
a fellow by the name of 
Harlay de Champvallon.

Champvallon was a se­
ductive court gigolo, hand­
some, young, refined. Yet 
all I have been able to 
learn about him, in spite of 
t h e  flaming letters the 
queen sent to him from 
Nerac, was that Champval­
lon was quickly replaced 
by another lover. For it is 
known that the queen, who 
was the daughter of Henry 
II, ran after men almost as 
much as the bold Henry IV 
went after women.

In  the game of cocu 
I’autre (making a cuckold 
out of your spouse), those 
two had equal power, equal 
rights as it were. Anyway 
the handsome Champval­
lon (called “the pet” ) left 
only minor traces in histo­
ry. I  would only wish that 
he had something to do 
with this recipe for ribs of 
mutton a la Champvallon. 
But n o t h i n g ,  absolutely 
nothing, allows even a  sup­
position. It would have 
been so romantic.

The truth is, no one is 
even certain of the spell­
ing. I write it Champval­
lon, with two “I’s” and in 
the manner of Queen Mar­
got herself. The authorita­
t i v e  Larousse Gastrono- 
mique does, too. But the fa- 
m  0 u s Repertoire de la 
Cuisine provides only one 
“1” for this mysterious 
Champvallon.

It doesn’t matter, you 
say? Oh, 1 don’t  agree with 
you. I like, in sampling a 
dish, to regale myself with 
an anecdote and to dip my 
bread well into the little 
history of the sauce. This 
often reveals horizons, as

much for the recipe itself 
as for the manner of tast­
ing it, to appreciate it.

Well, let us get on. These 
cutlets are of mutton. Mut­
ton, mind you, despite the 
fact that generally cutlets 
of lamb are served, a meat 
more tender but less fla­
vorful. Lamb is fine if 
grilled or panfried — then 
the cutlets should come 
from the lamb. But it is 
mutton, a  fully developed

that had been Anglicized. 
You see, nothing is simple.

The difference between 
Irish stew and Champval­
lon rests above all on the 
fact that Irish stew is first 
boiled and thus whitened, 
while Champvallon is first 
p a n f r i e d  and therefore 
browned.

The Champvallon re­
mains, curiously enough, a 
dish rarely seen in restau-

meat, that is necessary for 
the p r e p a r a t i o n  a la 
Champvallon.

The English love mutton. 
That makes me think of 
English cooking, which can 
be defined in one word — 
boiling. But English cook­
ing is not so different from 
our own before the Renais­
sance. All meat then was 
boiled first before being 
roasted.

Actually, ribs of mutton 
Champvallon is — almost 
— an Irish stew. A GaUie 
Irish stew, one might say, 
if this Irish stew hadn’t  
first been a French recipe

rants. There are many 
s u c h  “forgotten” plates. 
Chefs today hardly know 
them, and don’t think of 
resurrecting them from the 
books for our pleasure.

As for me, I learned of 
this dish very recently, 
thanks to a friend who also 
is a  restaurateur. I re­
called with him one night 
last year a day tha t with 
much flourish, he prepared 
the dish as his “special of 
the day” for his friends.

So he took my hint and 
offered to fix it again for 
me. The next day (I am 
not one to waste offers) I

returned to the sort of “low 
down seduction” of this 
dish, its gentle roughness, 
its homey quality. I began 
to understand this dish: 
that it is better situated at 
the family table than a t a 
restaurant and that it most 
often is made at home be­
cause it takes so long to 
prepare.

It is a dish that should 
find a welcome in our bour­
geois provinces, a dish that 
would be found in the best 
homes of the district, the 
homes that would carry the 
sign of a  notary or the 
shingle of a  lawyer. No visy 
itors today, we are en fa- 
mille, the mistress of the 
house said this morning to 
the old cook who had seen 
her born: “Marie, make a 
luncheon of ChampvallO!i( 
Monsieur likes it so very 
much.” ,

Ribs of Mutton a la 
Champvallon

Brown the cutlets on both 
sides, using butter. Salt 
and pepper.

Rub an ovenproof platter 
with garlic. Place t h e  
browned cutlets flat on the 
platter, one against the 
other.

Saute slices of onion, hs- 
ing one medium size onion 
for each set of four cutlets.

Douse the onions with 
one pint of bouillon. Allow 
to boil for five minutes. 
Now pour this liquid on the 
cutlets. Add a bouquet of 
parsley, and bring tb a  
boil. Cover and cook In a 
hot oven (425 degrees) for 
30 minutes.

For every cutlet tdce two 
p o t a t o e s  and slice in 
rounds, having first peeled 
a n d  dried them. Place 
them in layers over the 
meat. Salt and pepper. 
Bring again to a boil,'Cov­
er and return to the oven 
for 20 minutes.

Remove the cover? leav­
ing the platter in the oven 
for an additional 20 min­
utes, basting often with 
juices which at the end 
should be completely ab­
sorbed. S p r i n k l e  ■with 
minced parsley. Seri'e in 
the oven platter.

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Coupon void if use Is prohibited, restricted, 
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sufficient stock to cover coupons presented 
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Macleans package. Coupon to be redeemed 
should be mailed to MACLEANS, P.O. 1321, 
Clinton, Iowa 52732.

Curry With 

Nectarines
This is a summery ver­

sion of lamb curry, using 
apple juice as the liquid in 
the sauce, and fresh nec­
tarines. ^ r v e  it with a 
good pilaf, and cold beer or 
a  light red wine.

Lamb Curry with

Nectarines
2 lbs. lean lamb stew 

meat
% c. flour 
Vi tsp. pepper 

tsp. salt
3 T. salad oil
Z c. apple juice 

Va c. chopped onion
1 T. curry powder, more 

if you wish
2 to 4 fresh nectarines 
1 c. celery, sliced
Cut meat into bite-size 

pieces. B l e n d  together 
flour, pepper and IVz tea­
spoons of the salt; roU 
meat in flour mixture and 
brown in oil in Dutch oven. 
Stir in apple juice, onion, 
curry and remaining salt.

Simmer 45 minutes or 
until meat is nearly tender, 
stirring occasionally.

Meanwhile, slice enough 
nectarines to make 2 cups. 
Add to meat with celery 
and simmer 15 minutes 
longer. Serve over rice or 
p ilS , and pass the usual 
condiments. Serves 6 to 8.

Wed,, Aug. 25, 1971 ^rautift* d^reuUU 27

Mainly for Men:

Sandwich Month's Finale
B y M orrison W ood

Many p e o p l e  regard 
sandwiches either as some­
thing to take on picnics, or 
to eat for snacks or a light, 
quick luncheon. But at our 
house, we have sandwiches 
for dinner, accompanied by 
a tossed green salad, crun­
chy dill pickles and cold 
beer or ale.

When w e have roast 
beef, leg of lamb or corned 
beef, we look forward to 
sandwiches made with gen­
erous slices of meat and 
imparted Swiss cheese on 
fresh rye bread spread 
with mustard and creamed 
horseradish. A light des­
sert rounds out a delightful 
and satisfactory meal.

I have two recipes for 
crab meat sandwiches that 
make deliciously satisfying, 
luncheon or supper treats. 
The first is Toasted Crab 
and Avocado Sandwich.

Toasted Crab and 
Avocado Sandwich
C o m b i n e  1 tablespoon 

fresh lemon juice and 1 
teaspoon instant minced 
onion (or 1 tablespoon fine­
ly chopped raw onion). Let 
stand while measuring oth­
er ingredients.

Combine onion with % 
cup finely chopped celery, 
Vi cup mayonnaise, 2 table­
spoons finely-chopped fresh 
parsley, Vi teaspoon papri­
ka and 1 cup flaked crab 
meat. Slice 1 ripe avocado. 
Toast and lightly butter 8 
slices bread. Cover each of 
4 slices with crab meat 
mixture; top with avocado 
slices. Cover with remain­
ing toast. Cut each sand­
wich into quarters. Serves 
4.

The second recipe i s 
Crab Meat RoUs.

Crab Meat Rolls
Toss 1 cup each flaked 

crab meat and chopped 
celery with 1 hard-cooked 
egg, chopped; add enough 
mayonnaise or salad dress­
ing to moisten. Season with 
s a l t  and freshly-ground 
pepper. Cut slices from 
tops of 4 or 5 French rolls; 
remove part of centers. 
Fill with crab meat mix­
ture; crisscross a  strip 
each of pimiento and green 
pepper on top of each filled 
r o l l .  Serve on lettuce. 
Serves 4 to 5.

I thought I was familiar 
with most eggs .Benedict 
variations, but I ’ve learned 
one that was new to ma

called Steak Benedict. IF-s 
most savory.

Sfeak Benedicf
Have your butcher cut* 6 

emaU steaks % to %- 
inch thick from the round, 
s i r l o i n  tip or boneless 
chuck weighing 2% to 3% 
ounces each. Prepare with 
instant meat tenderizer ac­
cording to directions on the 
jar.

Pan broil steaks in 2 ta­
blespoons butter for ZVa 
minutes, or until lightly 
browned. Place on 6 toast­
ed and buttered English 
muffin halves; top each 
with a  poached egg. Cover 
w i t h  bollandaise sauce. 
Garnish with paprika, par­
sley and tomato slicqs. 
Serves 6. - . ̂

Now that turkey is avajk 
able the year ’round, tuf-; 
key sandwiches can be 
joyed a n y t im e .H e re ’s ;«  
quick easy turkey sandwicfi;

T urkey-Roquefoit 
Quickie

Crumble some Roquefort 
cheese onto a  cold sliced 
turkey or chicken sandwidii. 
Add sliced tomato and frie^ 
bacon; top with a  second 
slice of bread. t

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28 jsan JTrandsw ®)r«nide ★ ★ ★  Wed., Aug. 25, 1971

Lawrence Lab's 
Breakthrough 'Key'

From Page 1
the Bevatron, designed to ac­
celerate protons, eventually 
could accelerate even larger 
particles. He made this pre­
diction while the Bevatron 
was still under construction.

EXPLORATION
With this new ability to ac­

celerate large particles to 
high energies, scientists at 
the laboratory (until recently 
known as the Lawrence Ra­
diation Laboratory at Berke­
ley) hope to explore a multi­
tude of new scientific fron­
tiers.

Among the major research 
areas that m il be explored 
with the powerful new scien­
tific tool are:

•  Cancer therapy — Ra­
diation treatment of cancer 
has often failed because the 
tumor has been located too 
deep in the body. And if the 
tumor is inoperable, the pa­
tient must die.

If the tumor is too deep, 
the radiation would either be 
stopped by outer layers of 
tissue, and never reach the 
cancer, or if it was strong 
enough, it would destroy all 
the tissue it passed through 
on the way to the tumor.

BEAM
“B u t  this beam exerts 

more effect not at its entry 
point, but deep in where it 
stops,” said Dr. Cornelius A. 
Tobias, laboratory biophysi­
cist and chairman of the 
medical physics department 
at the UC Berkeley campus.

The reason for radiation 
damage until now, explained 
McMillan, has been that the 
particles destroyed tissue by 
ionizing the atoms — thatis, 
stripping off some of their 
electrons as they passed by.

But the new beam is so 
powerful that the particles 
are going a t 95 per cent of 
the speed of light when they 
enter the body — too fast to 
interact with the tissue. No 
ionization occurs until the 
particles have slowed down, 
well inside the body.

According to Dr. Thomas 
Budinger, a physician work­
ing with the Lawrence bio­
physics group, the new beam 
will be in use after necessary 
biological tests have been

An Angry 
Soledad 
Case Hearing

From Page 1

At the Bevatron (from left), Edward Lofgren, Her­
mann Grunder, Edwin McMillan, Walter Hartsough

pered by the fact that only 
part of the rays get through 
to earth.

Balloon and satellite exper­
iments have produced more 
data, as have the moon rocks 
brought back by astronauts. 
But researchers have had 
immense problems in spot­
ting the heavy particles (like 
nitrogen) which make up a 
significant part of natural 
cosmic rays.

The modified Bevatron will 
act something like an artifi­
cial cosmic ray machine, 
however. The scientists will 
now be able to see how the 
heavy parts of cosmic rays 
break down.

“Then we can take this 
cosmic ray data and work 
backwards in time — see 
how the r a d i a t i o n , w a s  
formed and where it came 
from,” and uncover more 
knowledge about the natui’e 
of the universe, according to 
physicist Harry Heckman.

ELEMENTS
Nuclear physics — One

complete — anywhere from ! major contribution of the I b e completed early 
six months to two years from ' modified machine may be in year, to the Bevatron,

this is to smash heavy parti­
cles (such as nitrogen, or 
even larger) into uranium 
nuclei. Occasionally, a large 
fragment (like the nucleus of 
a calcium atom) might be 
produced by the collision.

If the energy of this frag­
ment is large enough, it 
could combine with a urani­
um nucleus to produce ele­
ments heavier than any yet 
known to man.

(The atomic number of 
uranium is 92, of nitrogen 7, 
and that of the heaviest 
man-made element so far is 
105. The goal is to create ele­
ments with atomic number 
114 or larger.

PRODUCTION
The intensity of the nitro­

gen beam is not yet high 
enough to produce enough of 
these heavy elements to be 
detected.

But this may be solved by 
hooking up the laboratory’s 
Super-HILAC (heavy ion lin­
ear accelerator), which will

spectators from the court. 
There were occasional jeers 
and mutterings of “pig” di­
rected at officials and the 
cordon of riot-equipped police 
at the back of the courtroom. 
But for the most part, the 
crowd was restrained.

“Ladies and gentlemen,” 
Floyd SilUman, attorney for 
Clutchette, told them before 
the hearing began, “they 
(Clutchette a n d  Drumgo) 
h a v e  been beaten badly. 
Whatever you do, don’t give 
these people (police) satis­
faction. Don’t  make any sud­
den moves.”

Ciutchette a n d  Drumgo, 
wearing clean khaki work 
clothing, w'ere led into the 
courtroom by guards.

They were not chained, but 
both waiked slowiy and with 
apparent stiffness. Their hair 
had been cut crudeiy and un­
evenly into short patches and 
cium'ps,

“Your honor. 1 give you 
American justice,” Richard 
Silver, attorney for Drumgo, 
said as the two walked in.

Most of the approximately 
90 people in the predominant­
ly black audience stood up 
and raised their fists in sa­
lute. Some in the front rows, 
pounded on the glass.

“You dirty dogs,” someone 
shouted.

The attorneys had spoken 
to their clients only minutes 
before in  a holding cell 
where they had been brought 
under heavy guard from San 
Quentin.

Clutchette gave the attor­
neys a hand-written petition 
signed, the attorneys said, by

FLEETA DRUMGO 
Apparent welts

JOHN CLUTCHETTE 
Several outbursts

More San Quentin news 
on Pages 4 and 5.

aU 26 inmates who were wit­
nesses to Saturday’s bioody 
incident.

It was written on'the back 
of a green contemporary 
greeting card reportedly sent 
to Ruchell McGee and bear­
ing the inscription, “I live to 
love you.”

Repeatedly, the attorneys 
tried to read the petition, 
written in the form of a re­
straining order against fur­
ther prison “brutality.”

Early in the morning’s pro­
ceedings the attorneys tried to . . . . . .

now.
RAYS

•  Cosmic ray physics — 
Scientists studying cosmic 
rays have always been ham-

creating new, super - heavy 
elements, something the iab- 
oratory has specialized in for 
25 years.

Qne theoretical way to do

13 Chicago Cops 
Are Indicted

From Page 1
with the embattled Panthers. 
Hanrahan backed this ac­
count to the full.

The seven surviving Pan­
thers were charged with at­
tempted- murder. But Hanra­
han dropped the charges in 
May. 1970, after a federal 
grand jury concluded tliat, of 
the 100 some shots fired in 
t h e  apartment, only one 
came from tlie gun of a Pan­
ther.

Police investigators were 
accused of issuing informa­
tion which they should have 
known to be false and, in in­
specting the Panther apart- 
nient, intentionally focusing 
on evidence which might 
back up the poiice version of 
the raid.

There were 21 separate ci­
tations of police misconduct 
before and after the raid.

Hanrahan was also ac­
cused of preparing “false 
and misleading” information 
to gain the indictment against 
the seven Panthers. Hanra­
han leaned against a wall of 
th e  courtroom, his arms 
crossed, as Power read the 
indictment. He said after­
wards, “I have done abso­
lutely nothing wrong. I want 
a full and open hearing as 
soon as possible so the public 
can have that demonstrated 
in court.”

Maximum penalty on the

months and said, “I’m happy 
they finally opened the enve­
lope.”

He would not comment on 
his estimation ofHanrahan’s 
political future, but said, 
“W h e r e ’s the evidence? 
Where’s the obstruction of 
justice?”

The indictments appeared 
likely to act as a political 
bombshell in Chicago.

Hanrahan, a Harvard law 
school graduate and one-time 
crime-busting U.S. attorney, 
had been regarded as a star 
performer in Daley’s Demo­
cratic organizataion when he 
won office in 1968 under the 
slogan “criminals fear this 
man.”

Since news that a true bill 
had been returned spread

he Vill be dead within three 
days i f . he returns to San 
Quentin.”

“If you don’t act in some 
way to investigate what’s go­
ing on out t h e r e ,  you can 
blow this country so wide 
apart it will never be recog­
nized,” John Thorne, attor­
ney for the dead Jackson, 
told Judge Allen in one of 
several statements.

“I don’t deem that to be 
my function, Mr. Thorne,” 
Allen replied.

“Then justice is a mean­
ingless word,” Thorne said.

At one point Clutchette and 
Drumgo took their shirts off. 
From the jury box, where 
members of the press were 
sitting, no marks distinguish­
able |a s  injuries could be 
seen. iEut there were groans 
from |the audience closer to 
the defendants, and observ­
ers r|j)orted lines of appar­
ent bruises on Clutchette’s 
back {and apparent welts on 
Drumgo’s back.

Clutchette also rubbed at 
an obviously inflamed ankle. 
Attorneys said later it was 
caused by tight chains.

The two inmates sat calm-
This idea was suggested by 

Dr, Albert Ghiorso, head of 
the Super-HILAC g r o u p .  
“Nowhere else in the world 
is there both a heavy particle 
accelerator and a synchro­
tron,” he noted.

The Sui^r-HILLAC is spe­
cially designed to accelerate 
heavy particles — anything 
on the whole periodic table of 
elements — but only to low 
energies. However, by pump­
ing the h e a v y  particles 
through t h e  Super-HILAC 
first, and then into the Beva­
tron, the beam will have 
100,000 times as many parti­
cles, according to Dr. Ed­
ward J, Lofgren, physicist in 
charge of the Bevatron.

‘FLASHES’
•  Space biology — One of 

the most intriguing experi­
ments now underway with 
the new nitrogen beam is to 
determine the nature of the 
“flashes of light” seen by as­
tronauts 0 n recent moon 
flights. Already, laboratory 
scientists have proved that 
the flashes were caused by 
high-energy cosmic ray par­
ticles hitting the retina in the 
astronauts’ eyes.

In fact, McMillan arrived 
late at the press conference

present it before Santa 
next j Clara County Judge Stanley

Evans, who had been ap-^ __  ___________________
pointed to rale on the motion | ly the courtroom for the 

' to disqualify Judge Shaw, most part, glancing back at 
Judge Evans read it quietly relatives and friends in the 
and found it “not relevant,

MOTIONS

through Chicago in April, i jigio yesterday to announce
Power had been engaged in a 
running feud with Barnabas 
S e a r s ,  the distinguished 
criminal attorney who acted 
as special prosecutor for the 
grand jury.

Spokesmen for the Black 
Panthers in Chicago could 
not be reached for comment 
regarding the grand jury’s 
action.

The Chicago Bar Associa­
tion urged that Hanrahan 
and others named by the 
grand Jury be given leaves of 
absence from their positions 
pending final resolution of 
the grand jury proceedings.

The association also urged

the new developments be 
cause he had decided to “ex­
ercise my prerogative as 
director” and be the first 
person to see these flashes 
caused by the nitrogen beam.

On the next Apollo journey 
one of the astronauts will 
wear a special helmet for 
part of the flight to help de­
termine exactly which parti­
cles are causing with flashes 
—iron nuclein, nitrogen nu­
clei, or something else.

Other areas of research 
that will be explored include 
the effects of radiation on tu­
mors in the absence of oxy

Then, after a  recess, the 
attorneys tried to read th e  
document before Judge Al­
len, who heard and denied 
motions to hold prison au­
thorities in contempt for not 
a l l o w i n g  Clutchette and 
Drumgo to appear at a hear­
ing in the case on Monday.

“They couldn’t  let them 
c o m e  because they were 
busy beating them,” one of 
the attorneys muttered bit­
terly.

“Men have been beaten, 
these men have been burned 
by cigarettes, one individual 
has had his leg blown off and 
has not been treated,” attor­
ney Silver said at one point. 
“My client has informed me

audience and returning sa­
lutes the two times they were 
brought in and out of the 
courtroom.

But on several occasions, 
they burst out with state­
ments of alleged brutality.

“There are men in there 
with broken arms and legs, 
they haven’t  seen no doctor 
or nothing,” Ciutchette said 
at one point.

While the emotion-packed 
hearing went on, other attor­
neys were filing a motion to 
remove the case to a federal 
court.

At a hearing later in the 
day. U. S. District J u d g e  
L l oyd  H. Burke denied the 
petition and remanded the 
case back to Superior Court 
for trial.

A  Qualified Dock Strike 
Approval for Talks On 
Yerba Buena Again Today

From Page 1
areas of moving residents 
and demolishing buildings.

HUD supported some basic 
arguments of Yerba Buena 
Center critics and found that 
one-third of these South of 
Market single residents were 
incapable of paying more 
than ?40 a month rent. Anoth­
er 47 per cent can pay no 
more than $60. HUD found. 
And, it said, housing renting 
at $60 and below is “acutely 
tight” in San Francisco.

The agency concluded:
“There are not now, nor 

will there by, sufficient re­
housing resources to allow 
the relocation of Y e r b a  
Buena Center residents to 
continue unabated and un­
controlled.”

It warned that a shortage 
of Federal financing meant 
that there could not be a re­
alistic reliance upon the fed­
eral government to provide 
sufficient subsidized or pub­
lic housing to house all per­
sons displaced by the Yerba 
Buena Center.

The price report to the 
court placed heavy new re­
strictions on the Redevelop­
ment Agency i n phasing 
demolition of existing skid 
row, hotels — and these re­
strictions ired the agency and 
pleased those who had insti­
tuted the legal action.

The Redevelopment Agen­
cy’s Evans said that the last 
60 days had been wasted and 
that the next 120 would be 
wasted also as the agency 
prepared a new relocation 
plan.

“The report sets up more 
paperwork, m o r e  hurdles, 
more obstacles to the project 
. . . which will continue to 
slow down the project to a 
point in time where it simply 
cannot move,” Evans sai(l.

Mrs. Fisher, counsel for 
TOOR, said that “the short­
age of housing, has been cor­
roborated.”

Stans Urges 

Extension of 

Economic Curbs
From Page 1
be answering charges made 
earlier in the day by Leonard 
Woodcock, president of the 
United Auto Workers. Wood­
cock said in Detroit that, un­
der the freeze “What is de­
nied the worker is just going 
into the pockets of the corpo­
rations . . .  in  increased 
profits and a tax bonanza.”

Stans, without mentioning 
Woodcock by name, called 
t h a t  “political prevarica­
tion.”

Woodcock, who also ap­
peared on NBC’s “Today” 
show, said the union “would 
have given very serious con­
sideration to total support” 

of the President’s program if 
it had been an across - the - 
board freeze that included in­
terest rates and profits.

Hashish Seized
Istanbul

A raid on a house in a vil- 
iage near Maltya in south­
eastern Turkey resulted yes­
terday in the seizure of 332 
pounds of prepared hashish, 
poiice reports said. Reuters

From Page 1
t e r d a y of the . decision, 
reached iate Monday night.

In a statement, the strike 
committee said it “feels that 
releasing t h i s  cargo will 
strengthen our strike and re­
lieve some of the hardship's 
on small businessmen as a 
result of t h e  President’s 
freeze order.”

In another facet of the 
strike, the union’s interna­
t i o n  a i officers reportedly 
were unreceptive to several 
plans to provide relief for

More Longshore strike 
news on Page 5.

Hawaii ■— which depends 
heavily on ships for its food, 
machinery, cattle feed and 
other supplies.

CHARTER
Mayor Frank Fasi of Hono­

lulu had proposed that the 
city charter eight ships and 
operate them for the dura­
tion of the strike to avert 
“strangulation” of the city 
and state’s economy,

Fasi told reporters after 
his 40-minute audience with 
the ILWU leaders here that 
his reception was “friendly, 
but not very hopeful.”

He said that other plans, 
such as Matson Navigation 
Company’s offer to serve 
Hawaii on a non-profit basis, 
were discussed during the 
meeting.

Union acceptance of any of 
the proposals “doesn’t look 
too good at this time,” Fasi 
asserted.

The dapper, tanned Hono­
lulu city leader, who is con­
sidered a leading candidate 
for the governor’s seat in 
1974, said he would follow ad­
vice of the ILWU leaders and 
consult with Pacific Mari­
t i m e  Association officials 
about other alternatives to­
day.

EFFECT
Fasi said Hawaii is hit by 

what, in other states, would 
be deemed a general trans­
portation strike. The effect is 
even more acute now that 
the President has imposed 
price controls which won’t 
permit merchants to recoupe 
the extra costs of flying 
materials in.

Unemploj’inent is s n o w- 
balling in the trucking and 
construction fields, and some 
small businesses are folding 
because they are unable to 
obtain supplies, he said.

“Our problem is not one of 
having enough food,” Fasi 
said, breaking one miscon­
ception. “It’s having the jobs 
you need to buy food.”

Fasi noted that the ILWU 
is the dominant union on the 
islands, and its members are 
hurting, too. The union’s 22,- 
000 members in the islands 
work in pineapple and sugar 
plantations, bakeries,- dairies 
and hotels as well as on the 
waterfront.

The ILWU-PMA negotia­
tions will be conducted at the 
offices of the maritime asso­
ciation, which represents 120 
stevedoring and steamship 
companies.

The employers have urged 
a resumption of negotiations 
almost since the strike be­
gan.

Union leader Harry

MAYOR FRANK FASI 
Crists in the Islands

Bridges has warned since be­
fore the walkout that it would 
be a long one because nego­
tiations don’t become mean­
ingful until a substantia) por­
tion of the merchant fleet is 
idled.

Union leaders looked on 
Matson Navigation’s offer to 
operate Haw'aiian service on 
a non-profit basis as one indi­
cator that the strike “is be­
ginning to hurt.”

The last West Coast dock 
strik# was in 1948. it lasted 
95 days.

U.S. Moves 

On Mortgage 

Rate Increase
From Page 1

Quentin Guard's Story of Slayings
From Page 1
ment. for example, on a re­
port that a continuing search 
of the adjustment center had 
tuj’ned up a  map with an es­
cape route from the prison 
marked out.

WEAPONS
There was also a report 

that a zip gun had been found 
in a bar of soap in the cell of 
George Jackson, the “Sole- 
dad Brother” who was killed 
In the escape attempt. The 
search previously had turned 
up some shotgun and pistol 
ammunition and plastic ex­
plosives.

Officials at the prison did 
confirm that they had been 
in possession for some time 
of a letter outlining an es­
cape plan.

The letter was said to have

explosives in their vaginas | the prison hidden in a tape 
and smuggle them into the ' recorder, the working parts 
prison. \ of which had been removed.

PANTS I Authorities were still w’ait-
According to the reports, I ing for the attorney, Stephen 

the ex-cellmate left the letter | Mitchell Bingham of Berke-

charges would be one to | that Judge Power, who p re -: effects of these rays j been smuggled to Jackson by
three .years in prison and/or ;sided over the grand jury i - . i  c 
a $1000 fine. j  proceedings, remove himself I chanism by which radiation

Mayor Daley, who backed from the case, j causes chromosome damage
Hanrahan for the state’s at- i The Chicago Confederation ; mutation, 
torney’s office and is expect-1 of Police said in a statement | B u t the most amazing 
ed to have the deciding voice I the grand jury gave only one j thing about this new break- 
whether he will run again, 1 side of the story of what hap-1 through is that it involved 
noted the contents of the in -1 pened in the raid and was | major new scientific discov- 
dictment had been common “rowing the wrong boat” in i ery — and cost only about 
knowledge in Chicago for I indicting the officers. ' $.50.0(X),

in the pocket of a pair of 
pants when he sent them to 
the cleaners. Someone at the 
cleaners turned the letter 

over to police, who copied it 
and returned the original to 
the pants pocket.

There was one announce­
ment from the prison yester­
day:

Associate Warden James 
W. L. Park said that another 
search of the Adjustment 
Center cells had turned up a 
“ s t o r e  bought” Afro-style 
wig. It was found jammed in 
a cell toilet, he said.

Park would not comment 
on how the wig might be con-

ley, to come forward to an­
swer questions about his 30 - 
minute meeting with Jack- 
son. They are particularly in­
terested in ^scussing the 
tape recorder, which they 
say, he was carrying in bis 
briefcase when he entered 
the prison.

Neither Bingham, or the 
young black woman who ac­
companied him on his visit to 
San Quentin, could be found 
yesterday. P r i s o n  sources 
have identified the woman as 
Vanetta Anderson, a legal in­
vestigator who works for an 
East Bay law firm.

She remained behind in the 
prison hobby s h o p  while

Bales and agreed to come i 
forward at some point, b u t ! 
the district attorney declined I 
comment about that. -

Sources in Marin county. , 
however, confirmed that an ; 
all points bulletin — ordering ! 
Bingham and the woman ■ 
picked up and detained for 
questioning — w as  radioed, 
shortly after the breakout at- , 
tempt, and then abruptly i 
dropped the following day. | 

At San Quention. 2240 in- j 
mates remained locked in i 
their cells last night, but 460 ; 
men who live in the West j 
Block were allowed to return | 
to their jobs in prison work- | 
shops. The West Block con- | 
victs are c o n s id er e d the ; 
most trustworthy of the pri­
son’s population.

The 26 convicts who were 
freed from their cells by 
Jackson after he pulled the

a former cellmate, who of­
fered to help the black revo­
lutionary escape. Jackson re­
portedly wrote an answer on 
the back of the letter and 
smuggled it out. The reply, it 
was said, instructed Jack­
son’s sisters to hide Derrin­
gers in the hollowed-out heels 
of their shoes, conceal plastic

nected with the escape plot. | Bingham conducted his in ter-! gun on guard.s were moved to 
but it is known that he and j Jackson, prison of-j the Adjustment Center's sec-
others investigating the inci­
dent feel it was used by Jack- 
sonto smuggle a gun from 
the visiting room where he 
met with an attorney just be­
fore the breakout try began.

Officials believe the gun, a 
small Spanish - made 9-mm. 
automatic, was carried mto

ficials have said. ond tier. Although they are
Several longtime friends of ! closely watched, their life is 

Bingham told The Chronicle i little different than before 
they h av e not heard from i the breakout try.
him since the San Quentin in­
cident.

Most agreed with the theo­
ry he has made either direct 
or indirect contact w i t h

Park emphatically denied 
any of the 26 convicts have 
been beaten or harassed “at 
any time . . . before, during 
or after the incident,”

sociation’s “liquidity require­
ment” from 7% per cent of 
assets to 7 i^rcent.

While savings and loan as­
sociations have been experi­
encing a record - breaking 
inflow of savings, chairman 
Preston Martin of the Home 
Loan Bank Board said that 
“hundreds o f associations 
were bumping up against the 
liquidity limit and this was 
beginning t o affect their 
lending volumes.”

A greater supply of availa­
ble mortgage lending money 
should help to exert some 
downward pressure on the in­
terest rate, officials said.

The second action, taken, 
by the Federal Home Loan 
Mortgage Corp,, would oper­
ate directly on interest rates.

FIELDS
The corporation moved in 

the fields of both convention­
al mortgages and t h o s e  
backed by the Federal Hous­
ing Administration and the 
Veterans Administration.

In the ease of the govern­
ment - backed mortgages, 
the FHLMC raised the prices 
it will pay in purchasing 
these mortgages. The move 
has the effect of supplement­
ing a more sweeping action 
of the same kind announced 
several weeks ago by George 
Romney, Secretary of Hous­
ing and Urban Development.

Romney’s action applied 
only to mortgages of $22,(KK) 
or less. Its purpose was to re­
duce d i s c o u n t  “points,” 
which must be paid to lend­
ers by the seller of a house, 
and to preserve the 7 per 
cent rate of FHA and VA 
mortgages.

Yesterday’s move is de­
signed to accomplish much 
the same purpose for more 
expensive homes with gov­
ernment-backed mortgages. 
It will reduce the “points” 
paid by three — say from 
nine to six. Each point repre­
sents an amount equal to 1 
per cent of the mortgage.

PROGRAM
The FHLMC allocated $300 

milhon to t h i s  program, 
which w i l l  last for six 
months.

For conventional m o r t- 
gages, the corporation also, 
in effect, raised its buying 
price. It said it will purchase 
packages of mortgages bear­
ing a yield of 7% per cent in­
stead of the former % per 
cent.

This means that a savings 
a n d  loan association can 
write a mortgage at. say. 7.7 
per cent and be sure of being 
able to sell the mortgage at a 
small profit to the corpora­
tion. That was not formerly 
the case.

The moves came at a time 
when ordinary market forces 
may have been moving to 
halt the slow upward move­
ment 0 f mortgage rates. 
Since the announcement of 
President Nixon’s new econ­
omic policy, open market in­
terest rates for bonds — 
which exert a strong influ­
ence on mortgage rates — 
have fallen.

SHII Ticking
Detroit

Haskell Shank.s. 63. yester­
day became the first man in 
the world to live for two 
weeks with an implanted 
partial mechanical heart.

Ifpulrrs



inside
The Mayor and Puerto Rican 

leaders have agreed to continue a 
state-of-emergency in riot-torn 
Camden, N.J.Page2.

Five Israeli Black Panthers are 
coming to the United Slates to al­
ter the “giving patterns” of phil­
anthropic Jews. Page 2.

J. Tony Serra, radical mayoral 
candidate, pledged he would turn 
San Francisco into “a new ren­
aissance city” if elected. Page 3.

Criminal charges have been 
tiled in Mexico against the prison 
personnel on duty when Joel Ka­
plan escaped. Page 3.

Frequently a s k e d  questions 
about San Francisco school deseg­
regation and busing have been an­
swered. Page. 4.

The bloody events of Saturday 
at San Quentin are in tone with

the prison’s strife-torn history. 
Page 5.

Sacramento’s frisbee-throwing
mayoral candidate hopes to make 
the capital more than a “sleepy 
river town.” Page 6.

Vice President Agnew said he is 
not worried about rumors Presi­
dent Nixon may replace him in 
next year’s election. Page 7.

-A Bepublicau magazine said 
John Lindsay’s party .switch may 
force Edward Kennedy to run for 
President in ’72. Page 7.

Te.vas Governor Preston Smith 
said he v\ould obey any court or­
ders in h is  wage-price dispute 
with President Nixon. Page 8.

Gallup poll shows seven in 
ten Americans approve of Presi­
dent Nixon’s new economic pro­
gram. Page 8.

Villagers 100 miles from Sai­
gon feel their presidential elec­
tion is more a matter for Ameri­
cans than themselves. Page 9.

U.S. War planes conducted two 
more “protective reaction” at- 
l a c k s  on antiaircraft s i t e s  in 
North Vietnam. Page 9.

A .sampling of an underground 
newsletter circulated by liberal 

S o v i e t  intellectuals was made 
available to the West. Page 10.'

A Big Four agreement outlin­
ing looser restrictions on contact

, between East and Wtwt Berlin is 
• (^pected today. Page 11.

E l e a n o r  Koosevelt’s distress 
.over her husband’s extramarital 
i n t e r e s t s  d r o v e  her  to  a s k  
for divorce, a historian revealed. 
Page 1.7.

Xo,sfalgic fashions to the con­
trary, the pantsuit is still very 

■ much in vogue, Italian designers 
[decreed. Page 16.

Dick Martin, the leering bach- 
lelor of the “Laugh-In” series, took 
|a  bride in a surprise-to-her wed- 
|ding cei'emony. Page 30.

 ̂ Weather

Bay Area: B'air Monday except 
ifoi- fog along coast in morning 
and evening. High, 60s to low 80s; 
low, in ,70s. Page 31.

Jackson's
Last

V isitor
See Below

rsm d 5r®> C | w ii ir lr
★ ★ ★ ★

FINAL

107th Year No. 235 ★ ★ ★ ★ M O N D A Y ,  A U G U S T  23, 1971 GArtield 1-1111 - ^ 3 ^  15 C E N T S

Tax  Office B la st

':w m

San Mateo Police Officer Richard Ryan sifted through the wreckage

No Clues in 

San Mateo 

Bombing
A powerful explosion, 

probably a sizable bundle 
of dynamite, wrecked the 
Internal Revenue Service 
offices in San Mateo early 
ye.sterday.

It was the second time in 
less than two months that an 
IRS office on the Peninsula 
has been blown up. On July 
4, a blast at the Internal Rev­
enue building in San Jose 
caused an estimated half- 
million dollars damage.

Damage to the one-story, 
stucco building at 2233 Palm 
avenue in San Mateo was es­
timated at $75,000, according 
to Sergeant Richard Lust of 
the San Mateo police.

'fhere were no clues to the 
identity of the bombers, and 
no announcements by any of 
the underground organiza­
tions which sometimes claim 
responsibility for such blasts.

Treasury Department in­
vestigator Robert Skopeck, 
who headed a team sitting 
through the wreckage yester­
day afternoon, said the ex­
plosion apparently took place 
at about 3:50 a.m.; a wall 
clock inside the building was 
stopped at that time.

It wasn’t discovered, how­
ever, until a passerby no­
ticed at about 9 a.m. that the

•See Back Page

Answers 
On Busing

Busing in San Francisco’s 
s c h o o l s  goes into effect 
when (he classrooms open 
September 13. For answ­
ers to the most often asked 
questions, see Page 4.

FBI Arrests 25 
Draft-File Raiders

United Press

Camden, N.J.
FBI agents, tipped off by an 'informant, raided a 

score of anti-war activists, including two Roman Cath­
olic priests and a Protestant,minister, yesterday and 
arrested them as they staged a long planned, elab­
orately coordinated raid on ~ - - - ----- ----------------
l o c a l  FBI and Selective;
Service offices.

Many of the suspects, in-; 
eluding the two priests, were | 
a r r e s t e d  “in the act” of| 
stealing and destroying d raft, 
records, the FBI said.

The 20 suspects were a r - ' 
rested in the federal offices. ; 
in a churchyard across the | 
street and in the apartment 
of a Lutheran minister a 
block away. i

The government charges i 
read at the suspects’ arraign­
ment before U.S. Magistrate 
Charles L. Rudd later in the 
day said the group had been 
infiltrated in March by an un­
named informer'who made 12 
reports to the FBI on their 
plans. Assistant U.S. Attor­
ney Guy Goodwin said the in­
formation also was verified 
by independent investigation.

Goodwin said the FBI in­
formant had 4)verheard the 
defendants over a period of 
months conspire to take and 
remove files from the local 
FBI and Selective Service of­
fices as well as the offices of 
U.S. Army Intelligence — all 

! in the federal building here.
The government charges 

! did not say that the raiders 
, had penetrated any but the 
: draft board o f f i c e s  here 

when they were arrested,
; however.

F B I  Director .1. Edgar 
* Hoover peiasonally announced 

the raid in a statement i.s- 
sued by his Washington of- 

' fice. He said the eight sus- 
! pects seized inside the draft 
office carried binocular.?, ra-

Sce Back Page

Rebel Junta 

Takes Over 

In Bolivia
Asfiociated Preas 

La Paz, Bolivia
A three-man m i l i t a r y  

junta, v i c t o r i o u s  in a 
bloody coup that left more 
than oO dead and 100 in­
jured formally took over 
th e  Bolivian government 
ye.sterday.

.Army Colonel Hugo Banzer 
Suarez was named president.

Tlie coup, which began 
Thursday, toppled the leftist 
regime of General Juan Jose 
Torres, 48. He seized power 
in a military coup last Octo­
ber.

Banzer. 46. called on the 
impoverished South Ameri­
can nation’s five million peo­
ple to “make sacrifices to 
build a better country."

Thousands cheered the new 
president as he spoke from 
the balcony of the govern­
ment palace in La Paz yes­
terday afternoon. He said the 
terms “left” and “right” 
would be erased f Am the Bo­
livian political vocabulary.

REVOLT
“We will talk only of na­

tionalism.” he said.
The officer.? began the re- 

See Back Page

Ky Won't Run j 

-A sks Delay 
In Election

IPanhiugtoti Post Servicp ,

Vice President Nguyen 
I Cao Ky this morning re­
fused to run in South 
Vietnam’s October presi- 

I dential election and pro- 
! posed that both he and 
; President Nguyen V an  
: Thieii resign and resched- 
I ule the balloting for three 
‘ months from now.
1 U n d e r  Ky’s . proposal, 
the president of the Viet­
namese Senate would head 
the government during the 
interim until a new presi­
dent was chosen.

Ky said “legal irregulari­
ties” made it impossible for 
him, to remain in the cam 
paign. He accused Thieu 'of 
"an indescribable conspu'gey. 

j to rig the election' and useqt, ' 
I as a tool for personal gain,’' '' 

The vice president, whp 
has been weighing a decision 
about whether to run since 
the Supreme Court reinstated 
him as a candidate on Satur­
day, said South Vietnam “is 
now in a period of crisis. The 
storm is near.”
, It was unclear today how 

Thieu will respond to Ky’s 
proposal, but the suggestion! 
was seen by both Americanf 
and Vietnamese sources as 
placing extremely s t r o n g  
pressure on the president.

Should Thieu reject the 
suggestion and hold an. un- ■ 
contested election anyway, 
these sources said, demon­
strations and possibly vio­
lence could result.

Ky had been urged by 
peace groups, including sup­
porters of retired General 
Duong Van (Big) Minh, who 
withdrew from the race on 
B'riday, not to dignify the 
election by participating.

The American Embassy, 
on th e  other hand, has 
spai’ed no effort to keep him 
in. Ky met with Ambassador] 
Ellsworth Bunker again yes­
terday morning, but Bunk­
er’s last minute convei'sation' 
apparently was to no avail.

Ky said Thieu’s resigna­
tion, in the interest of a fair­
er election, would only be “s 
small sacrifice” on the part 
of the president.

He was scathingly critical 
of the Supreme Court for 
what he called its “bizarre 
action” in first disqualifying 
him from the election and 
later restoring him for politi­
cal reasons.

The vice president’s deci- 
See Back Page

A Try to Attack 

Seoul Reported
Seoul

Twenty-one men, believed 
to be North Korean agents, 
seized a bus in Inchon and 
tried to attack Seoul today, 
the d e f e n s e  minister re­
ported. Army troops kept the 
men from entering the South 
Korean capital and h e a v y  
fighting wa.s reported.

The defense minister said 
some of the men on the bus 
blew themselves up when 
they were trapped.

I uitPil Prpss

Gun Mystery—  
Oakland Lawyer Sought

The Escape Try
George Jackson fol­

lowed this route in Sat­
urday’s escape attempt 
from San Quentin Pris­
on, according to prison 
officials.

Brought out u n d e r  
guard, from the visiting 
area, Jackson was led 
through the sally port in 
the main gate and out to 
a landscaped mall bor­
dered at one side by the 
prison chapeis. and at 
the other by the adjust­
ment center.

Once inside the ad just­
ment c e n t e r ,  Jackson 
was to be skin searched. 
Instead he is reported to

have pulled a gun and 
shouted, “This is it.” 
Twenty- seven inmates 
were let out of their cells 
on the first tier while 
Jackson allegedly held 
correctional officers at 
bay. In a period of about 
half an hour three offi­
cers and two inmates — 
both trusted tier tenders 
— were killed in the ad­
justment center.

.As prison reinforce­
ments arrived at the ad­
justment. center, Jack- 
son and Inmate Larry 
Spain buLst out of the 
same door Jackson had

e n t e r e d ,  sprinting to­
ward an alleyway be­
tween the chapel and 
the activities building. 
They had about 75 yards 
to go to reach the 20- 
foot-high prison wall at 
the end of the alleyway.

Midway across th e  
mall, Jackson, filing his 
own gun. was shot by an 
officer in one of the 
three gun towers shown. 
H e staggered a few 
steps and rolled, dead, 
in the alleyway. Spain, 
uninjured, leaped into 
some bushes in the mall 
and was later appre­
hended.

The Bitterness That Led 
To the Quentin Killings

By Tim  Fintlley
Within hours after Satur­

day’s escape attempt at San 
Quentin Prison, three of the 
state’s t o u g h e s t  prisons 
were locked up under the 
tightest security possible.

San Quentin was locked up 
first — none of the 2700 in­

mates moved 
out 0 f their 
cells. The or­
der was out 
from Depart­
ment of 
Corrections 

officials to all 13 of the 
state’s prisons to take pre­
cautions. Deuel Vocational 
Institute immediately locked 
up its 1400 prisoners.

.At Soledad, officials said 
some' black inmates wept 
when they heard that George 
•lackson w a s dead. They 
wept and they went into their 
cells.

D i r e c t o r  of Corrections

Raymond Procunier. j u s t  
back from a meeting of 
corrections officials in Flori­
da, arrived at San Quentin 
early in the evening, three 
hours after the attempt. San 
Quentin W’arden Louis Nel­
son turned back from his va­
cation in Bend. Ore.

Even today, Soledad and 
Deuel remain locked up as

tight as San Quentin. There 
is an extra wariness among 
the officers at Folsom, San 
Luis Obispo, Vacaville and 
Tehachapi.

The tension and bitterness 
is still rippling down through 
the entire prison system.

"You can be c e r t a i n  the

See Back. Page

A Big Soup Recall -  
Contamination Feared

A.P. *  .1 .P. 

t'anulen. iS’.J.
: diateiy to get them oft th e ; 
; market or out of the hands of ‘ 

, . consumers.
The Campbell Soup Co-dis-! ,,

closed evidence yesterday o f ; giant turn said the
botiili.sm poison in a ship- ' irud-July a t ;
men! of nearly a quarter m il-; ' 'f  '
lion cans of its chicken vege- * ' P P e d to distribution 
table soup and moved imme- See Back Page

Jackson 

Searched 

Before Visit
By Jim Brewer

An Oakland attorney, 
s c i o n  of a politically 
prominent Connecticut 
family, was being sought 
for questioning late last 
night as the investigation 
i n t o  Saturday’s bloody 
breakout try at San Quen­
tin Prison continued.

P r i s o n  administration 
sources identified him as 
Stephen Mitchell Bingharri, 
29, and said he was the 
lawyer wJio visited convict 
George Jackson on Satur­
day afternoon.

Minutes after leaving Bing­
ham in the visiting room, the 
sources told The Clironicle. 
Jackson took his guards by 
surprise when he produced a 
9-mm. pistol, shouted put 
"This is it.” and launched the 
aborted escape attempt in 
■which he, three prison of­
ficers and two other inmates 
died.

"We know he (Jackson) 
was clean when he entered 
the visiting room — he un­
derwent a ‘skin search’ — 
and that on leaving he was 
not out of the sight of his 
guards.

"And he (Jackson) w'as hot 
— he had the gun — when 

the guards were about to 
search him again,” the pris­
on sources said,

Marin county District At­
torney Bruce Bales c o n- 
firmed Bingham is the sub­
ject of a search, but declined 
to say precisely why, other 
than “we have some ques- 

j tions we wish to ask of him 
I concerning the incident at: 

San Quentin.”
MARRIED

The young white attorney.
: grandson of the late Hiram 
: Bingham — who before his 
death in 1956 served as both 
governor and U.S. senator 
from Connecticut — w a s  
graduated from BoaltHaU, 
the University of California’s 
lawr school at Berkeley, sev­
eral years ago.

He was briefly married to 
a member of the socially 
prominent Spreckels family 
of Seattle and San Francisco, 
That marriage ended in dl-

See Back Page

Index
Comics ................  50
Dealh s .................. 31
Enlerfainment....... 37
Finance................  48
TV-Radio ............  36
Weather ..............  31
Women's News . . . , 13

©Chranitlt ruklljhinj Co. '71.



2 $an <Ĉ r«nicte Mon , Aug. 23,1971

Transplant Fails Man W ho Sought  ̂Kidney
Newark, N.J.

Carl Salamensky, who 
advertised in a newspaper 
to  find a  donor for a kidney 
transplant, is dead of com­
plications th a t followed the 
operation, i

Salamensky, afflicted four  ̂
years ago with hereditary 
polycystic k i d n e y  disease, j 
was forced to rely on what he 
called a ‘'hellish’' kidney di­

alysis machine to stay alive, 
until a month ago.

The transplant operation 
seemed successful at first, 
but late Saturday, after 28 
days in a coma caused by 
post-operative complications, 
i n c l u d i n g  pneumonia and 
h e - a r t  failure, Salamensky 
died at Beth Israel Medical 
Center here. ’

Doctors said the cause of

death f o r  the 38-year-old 
director of teacher place­
ment at William Paterson 
C o l l e g e  was irreversible 
brain damage caused by a 
cardiac arrest.

His new kidney had been 
removed a week after the op­
eration when his body reject­
ed it. He was returned to a 
kidney machine.

The disease, which had

killed his father at 50 and his 
uncle at 56, forced removal 
of Salamensky’s kidneys two 
years ago. Since then he had 
to use the dialysis machine 
five hours a day. three days i 
a w'eek.

As a last ditch effort, he j 
placed an advertisement in I 
the Daily Advance of Dover, 
offering to pay S3000 to the[ 
relatives of a person who;j

could provide him with suita­
ble kidneys for transplant.

A suitable donor was found 
on July 20, but Salamensky 
almost d e c l i n e d  to go 
through with the operation 
when he learned that the or­
gan would come from the son 
of a close friend who had 
died after choking on food.

Asaoridtcd Prpss

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Israeli Panthers' 
Mission to U.S.

'Alienated Kids'

By Carolyn Anapaciter 
Chronicle foreign Service

Jerusalem
Five Israeli Black Pan­

thers, representing, t h e y  
say, a membership of well 
over 2000, will arrive in 
the United S t a t e s  next 
month, their aim to alter 
the “giving patterns” of 
millions of philanthropic 
American Jews.

Their house mother and 
guiding light is a 30-year-old 
professor of political science 
from the Hebrew University 
whose sobriquet is the “An­
gela Davis of Jerusalem.”

Naomi Keis, late of New 
York and now an Israeli citi­
zen, wears the title a little 
self-consciously, but with ob­
vious pride.

Holder of three degrees — 
a Bachelor’s from Swarth- 
more, a M a s t  e r ’s from 
Northwestern and a Ph.D. 
from M.I.T. — Miss Keis 
said the contingent will visit 
New York, Washington, Chi­
cago, . Boston. Los Angeles 
and San Francisco.

ENGLISH
Since none of the Panthers 

speaks English^ it will be 
Miss Keis’ voice that will be 
heard demanding economic 
and s o c i a l  reforms for 
hundreds of thousands of Or­
iental Jews washed into Is­
rael on the massive waves of 
immigration from the Islam­
ic countries of North Africa 
and the Middle East during 
the 50’s.

The Panthers, the vast ma­
jority Moroccans living in .Je­
rusalem slums, were born 
out of despair. Miss Keis in­
sists. She says they want 
nothing more than a decent! 
standard of living for them­
selves and their families. 
They want something more 
than “dirty jobs” handed out 
by the Ministry of Labor. 
They want more social work­
ers in their neighborhoods.

They want incentives to stay 
in school. But most of all, 
they want to be accepted into 
the Israeli army.

One of tlie leaders of the 
“Israeli Establishment” re­
plied to this by saying the 
Panthers ai-e “a bunch of no 
good bums. They drop out of 
school at about the third 
grade. They won’t go to vo­
cational schools. They steal, 
they deal in hashish, they 
pimp for the hundreds of kid 
prostitutes prowling Jerusa­
lem, They can’t get into the 
Army because they have 
criminal records and the 
Army has more important 
things to do than rehabilitate 
gangsters.”

DEMANDS
Some of Jerusalem’s top 

sociologists agree with Miss 
Keis that many of the Pan­
thers’ demands are justified. 
The inequalities separating 
the Oriental and European 
segments of the Israeli popu­
lation hav,e existed since the 
state’s birth. But the gap be­
tween the two communities 
is widening, and n e v e r  so 
much so as now when the Is­
rael government is doing ev­
erything possible to attract 
Western immigrants, partic­
ularly Russians whose skills 
are believed necessary for 
development of the state.

In a bitter essay on “Is- j 
rael’s Panthers” appearing | 
here in the current Jewish | 
Spectator, Dr. Trude Weiss-. 
Rosmarin charges that the j 
Israel-born children of the i 
approximately half a million i 
Jews from Arab countries j 
are condemned to endless : 
poverty and unremitting ig- 
n 0 r  a n c e because contribu-; 
tions that should be spent for : 
schools and libraries and i 
housing are being used to ! 
subsidize vacationing Ameri-

Attempt to 
Hijack Arab 

Airliner
Cairo

Armed guaj-ds aboard an 
Egyptian airhner foiled an 
attempt by a Somali student 
yesterday to hijack the Am- 
man-bound plane to Israel, 
the semi-official A1 Ahram 
newspaper said today.

It said the Russian-made 
Iliyushin was carrying 90 
passengers.

The w o u l d - b e  hijacker-, 
identified a s Khaled Mo­
hammed Farag, was over­
powered by the plane’s two 
guards and delivered to Jor­
danian authorities when the 
plane touched at Amman air- 
port, the newspaiuer said.

It was the first attempt on 
record to hijack an Arab air- 
l i n e r  to Israel, political 
sources said.

IJniietl Press

can young people or Ameri­
can Jewish students attend­
ing Israeli universities.

PLANS
Miss Keis says much the 

same thing in explaining why 
the Black Panther leadership 
brusquely b r u s h e d  aside 
pleas from Jewish leaders in 
America to defer their plans 
for a tour of the U n i t e d  
States.

“These are a l i e n a t e d  
kids.” she said. “They want 
their problems solved and 
the older people are waiting 
for the young to do some­
thing.”

Miss Keis acknowledged 
that th e  Panthers’ most 
pressing need at the moment 
is a truly charismatic leadei’. 
The present ' essential com­
m i t t e e "  has 12 members, 
witli a chairmanship that ro­
tates monthly. The current 
chairman had six years of 
reform school. The commit­
tee’s most powerful spokes­
man had a total of three 
years’ education and the only 
girl member a Yemenite 
— boasts she went to school 
for only six months.

Leather trimmed 
pockets on 
trim herringbone 
flares.

Another tasty look from Hastings 
all-time best pant collection.
\1 ini-herringbone pattern, 
permanent-press, flapped scalloped 
back pockets. The look’s right, 
the lit. great. In brown or grev.

13.00

SAN  FRANCISCO, O.AKtAND, SAN MATEO, PALO ALTO, ,SAN lOSE.SACRAMENTO, MARIN, 

MONTEREY, CONCORD, SAN LEANDRO, BER KELEY

JO SEPH  M A S N IN  AN



Sex and the 
Obese Woman

My Fair City

“ I  HAVE a fellow who 
loves me fat — and I AM 
fat. But he says I’m not fat 
enough! 1 wonder if I’d 
lose him if I lost weight?”

T h e s e  thoughts were 
voiced by Shirley, a soft - 
voiced San Francisco kin­
dergarten teacher who has 
been overweight 30 of her 
39 years.

'T guess mine’s a typical 
story,” sighed the ‘M7 • 
pound blonde. “1 grew up 
with an older sister who 
was always ‘the pretty 
one,’ while 1 was ‘the sweet 
one.’

■‘Her boyfriends treated 
me as a joke when I want­
ed to be a sex symbol. Seri­
ously! So I d e c i d e d  if I 
couldn’t have a sex life. I 
might as well eat away! ”

.And eat she did, adding 
p o u n d  after frustrating 
p o u n  d. .At 19. a boy se­
duced her.

‘ 1 was desperate for any 
kind of attention.” Shirley 
explained. ‘‘Ke n  and I 
didn’t love each other, but 
we liked sex and became, 
well, good at it.

‘‘The more we were to­
gether, the more weight I 
lost.”

.Alas, Ken found someone 
else - and his slimmed -

Hy iVlerla jCellertnwli
down misti'ess found her 
way back to the kitchen.

At this point in our talk, 
Shirley produced a paper­
back called ‘‘Sex and the 
O v e r w e i g h t  Woman,” 
which she described as 
"my bible.”

“The book’s thesis is 
simple: Make love and you 
won’t make fat. Trouble is 
— it’s hard for fat girls to 
find love.

“Some guys come on 
with me out of curiosity. 
They wonder how I look 
nude or what it’s like to 
make it with a fat girl. 
Frankly, I can get very 
passionate in the dark. But 
this guy I’m going with 
now likes all the lights on 
—even mirrors.

“Basically, I’m no differ­
ent than anybody else. Ex­
cept that I try harder. 

“Most fat women do.” 
Shirley’s p u r p o s e  in 

being interviewed was, she 
said, “ to enlighten the pub­
lic. Most people think sex 
is reserved for slim people. 
It’s time they saw us as hu­
man beings with sex drives 
equal to their own.”

She belongs to the local 
chapter of the National As­
sociation to Aid Fat Ameri­
cans, a fat - is - beautiful 
organization with its own

N O W

Starts

Drive

Mon., Aug. 23, 1971 ân 3̂ rfinci$(» (Cl|r«niclf 17

'W ho  wants a fat virgin?'

computer dating service, 
limited to fat people and 
those who prefer fat dates. 
{F 0 r  information, write 
NAAFA, Box 745, West- 
bury, N.Y. 11590.)

“Our immediate goal is 
to place some fat sex sym­
bols around,” said Shirley.

"It’s hard to live in a sex- 
oriented society that wor­
ships slimness. My girl­
friend’s 30 and she’s never 
even been seriously propo­
sitioned.

“But as she often says — 
who wants to sleep with a 
fat virgin?”

Ask the Doctor: Erasing Acne Scars
Hy a . Tho.slpson, V/./l.

DEAR 1)R. THOSTESOX: 
How expensive is it to have 
acne scars removed or 
smoothed down? 1 would 
call over .‘S25 halfway ex­
pensive and ovi;r S49 ex­
pensive. I have had acne 
for almost five vears. Now 
it is clearing up and I

wonld like my face to be 
smooth again. —S..A.

First of all, while derma­
brasion or “skin planing” 
can help at times in im­
proving the aftermath ol 
acne, it is not the simple 
cure-all that too many peo­
ple hope it will be.

Cost will vary according

FOOD FARE
& HOME CARE

1 made some sour dough starter and 
then forgot to use it within the recom­
mended time. When I got back to it, it 
had some liquid on the top and didn’t 
look too good to me so I threw it out. 
Now a friend tells me that wasn’t  neces­
sary. Is this so?

- R .  C. G., Mill A'alley
It is so — unless, of course, you had left 

it for months on end and it was truly spoiled.
If allowed to sit even the recommended 

week, it often will form a liquor on top. 
which you merely stir down into the starter 
before using.

.Also, if you are not going to use the start­
er you may stor.e it in the freezer for several 
weeks (or even months) quite safely. Simply 
thaw the day before using.

Jane Benef

to the skin area that needs 
to be treated, and also a bit 
from one part of the coun­
try to another.

But keep in mind that it 
is a surgical procedure, re­
quires care for-quite a few 
days after the surgery, and 
your ideas of what is “ex­
pensive” could be di’astic 
underestimates.

If you are seriously inte)‘- 
ested, then see a plastic 
surgeon or a dermatologist 
(some dermatologists do 
this, some don’t) and- find 
out first whether the proce­
dure would do you enough 
real good to be worth it.

If you are told to forget 
the idea, then forget it. If 
you can be helped appreci­
ably, then you can ask for 
cost estimates before de­
ciding whether to go 
ahead.

DEAR DR. THOSTESON: 
Some years ago 1 bought a 
water distiller. Now I have 
been seared out of using it 
by what I have heard a.nd 
read lately .ibu’.tt (he “dan­
gers” of (Irinkfiig distilled 
water.

It doesn’t seem logical to 
me that ilistiileil water 
could harm anyone. Can 
it? —H.E.

Nor can 1 see how it can 
harm you. Distilled water

is just water with stray 
minerals and other impuri­
ties removed from it by the 
distillation process. Y ou 
get ample minerals from 
the food you eat.

On the other hand, 1 see 
relatively little need for us­
ing distilled water. It’s use­
ful in some areas where 
the odor or taste of availa­
ble water is disagreeable, 
or where there is any ques­
tion as to whether the wa­
ter contains harmful bac­
teria.

Some folks don’t  like dis­
tilled water because they 
say it tastes “flat.” But 
drink it if you feel like it.

THE R A L L Y I N G  cry, 
“$100,000 for w o m e n ’s 
rights,” w i l l  be raised 
Thursday by the National 
Organization for Women 
(NOW).

The money is needed to 
support a proposed nation­
al women’s lobby in Wash­
ington, D.C. The lobby, a 
project of 180 NOW chap­
ters, will be set up “to as­
sist women in all areas of 
e q u a l  rights,” including 
legislation on child care, 
protection of job and edu­
cational opportunities, and 
passage of the E q u a l  
Rights Amendment.

The fund drive will be 
launched August 26, the 
5Jst anniversary of pas­
sage of the 19th Amend­
ment. which gave women 
the right to vote.

Last year the anniver­
sary was marked with a 
women’s strike for equal 
rights, which b r o u g h t  
groups of feminists togeth­
er for speeches and 

marches in major cities 
across the nation.

No strike is planned this 
year, according to Gail Gif- 
f 0 r d, vice president of 
NOW in San Francisco and 
co-ordinator of August 26 
activities here. “No official 
strilce, that is,” she added.

Instead, NOW will con­
centrate on spreading in­
formation and r  a i s  i n g 
money.

In San B’rancisco the day 
will begin at 10 a.m. with 
an information session at 
2701 Jackson street.

On the program will be 
Zaide Kirtley, president of 
the San Francisco chapter 
of NOW; Joanne Condas, 
legal counsel for the chap­
ter; Marijean Suelzle, a so­
ciologist and past president 
of the Berkeley chapter, 
and author Gina Allen.
. Ms.. Giffprd said the pan­
el would be prepared to 
discuss “the salary gap.” 
child care, the recently es- 
tabhshed National Worn-

Sleeker 

Styles 

For Fall

The return of civilized clothes 
will probably call for a sleeker 
look in hair styles this fall but it 
need not be drab. Some predict 
that braids and hairpieces will 
be used to add i n t e r e s t  to 
slicked-backed hair. New York  
coiffeur Xavier started with a 
center part and c o m b i n e d  
braids and curls to wrap and 
tie over each ear in the above 
style created for a report on hair 
by Helene Curtis

en’s Political Caucus and 
other feminist priorities.

After a round of Bloody 
Harrys ( d e s c r i b e d  as 
Bloody Marys “with a little 
more lemon” ) members of 
NOW will move to Union 
Square and the'Financial 
District, where they will 
attempt “to blanket the 
downtown area” with leaf­
lets on job discrimination 
and equal pay.

They will e n c o u r a g e  
women “to sacrifice some­
thing personal” — money 
saved for a pair of shoes or 
cosmetics, Ms. G i f f o r d  
said. Donations will be ac­
cepted by NOW at Post 01- 
lice Box 1267, San Francis­
co 94101.

S a t u r d a y .  NOW will 
sponsor a women’s film 
festival, featuring 4 and 7 
p.m. showings of “Salt of 
th e  Earth” and “Miss 
America” at the First Uni­
tarian Church, 1187 Frank­
lin street.

The $2 admission will go 
to the women’s lobby fund.

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Please add 5^r sales tax in Calif, and V2 ’''f transit tax in San 
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yond UPS zone, add 65c handling charges. 8-23-71 J

N ew est gear 

from the R /A  corral: 

rootin’ tootin ’ 

pisto ipacker pants. 

For sashayin ’ around  

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W ashable acrylic, in 

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it’s pant week at

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QaMand, Walnut Cieck, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, San Mateo 9;30 to 5:30



18  fanyrandswCllMnkW irirk  Mon,, Aug. 23,1971

Tension and Bitterness

Prison Security Tightened

FBI Arrests
Draft-File
Raiders

K y  Won't Run, 
Asks Election Delay

From Page 1

From Page 1

u n l o c k  will be done with 
great c a u t i o n , ” said a 
spokesman f o r  Procimier. 
There were early hints of an 
entirely new reclassification 
of inmates — toughening cus­
tody on many men, taking 
away some l i b e r t i e s ,  re­
evaluating procedures. Doing 
it all slowly, carefully.

BITTEBNESS
San Q u e n t i n  Associate 

Warden Jim Park, still lash­
ing his words with barely 
controlled bitterness, said it 
must be done, ‘'so officers 
can come to work in the 
morning without their wives 
crying,”

Already the talk is of a ma­
jor investigation, demanded 
by the reformers who blame 
the prison system and hinted 
at by otliers who think re­
form a n d  liberal policies 
have gone too far.

The escape was unlike any 
other attempted, not only be­
cause it was more bloody, 
but because there has been a' 
s i n g l e  gore-stained thread 
running through all the heayy 
pressure building nearly the 
last two years.

It began in earnest in Jan­
uary, 1970, when Soledad 
tried to relieve racial hatred 
in its grim adjustment center 
by opening a  new exercise 
yard. On the first day, three 
black men were shot dead by 
a correctional officer trying

to break up what he thought 
was a racial brawl.

W i t h i n  two months a 
correctional officer at Sole- 
dad was beaten to death. 
Notes found on a blackboard 
and elsewhere in the prison 
said “one down, two to go.” 
Within a year after that, two 
more officers at S o l e d a d  
were killed.

CENTER
George Jackson and the 

other two “Soledad Broth­
ers,” Fleeta Drumgo and 
John Clutchette, were moved 
to San Quetin’s adjustment 
center to await trial in San 
Francisco on c h a r g e s  of 
beating to death the first 
correctional officer victim at 
Soledad.

In August, 1970, an abor­
tive attempt was made to 
free three inmates on trial at 
the Marin county courthouse. 
Four people were killed — a 
judge, two black inmates, 
and 17-y e a r -o 1 d Jonathan 
Jackson, who it was specu­
lated had planned the kid- 
nap-escape in an effort to 
free his brother, George.

Those were the events that 
made headlines. B e t w e e n  
them, however, was a build­
ing period of controversy 
about prisons. Inmates, au­
thorities complained, were 
for the first time using radi­
cal politics as the justifica­
tion for their crimes, both 
past and recent.

The demands on the out-

GEORGE JACKSON
'This is it'

side for p r i s o n  reform 
seemed almost cyclic — a 
periodic awareness of the 
brutality of confinement.

INMATES
Inside, however, there was 

something new. I n m a t e s  
were showing signs of organ­
ized radical groups not just 
within single prisons, but 
reaching from prison to pris­
on around the nation’s larg­
est scattered system of penal 
institutions.

The Department of Correc­
tions, the Chronicle learned, 
has for months been investi­
gating the clandestine “Con­
vict Union” within the walls. 
Messages from one prison to

another has been intercepted 
which indicated that the se­
cret organization had some 
control over the violence in 
prisons.

Whether because of his 
own growing “celebrity” rep­
utation on the outside, or be­
cause of tips from inside the 
walls, authorities intimated 
that Jackson was a key fig­
ure, perhaps the leader of 
the secret “Convict Union.”

It seemed unlikely that the 
intense and articulate 29- 
year-old who had served an 
unusually long ten years for 
second degree robbery could 
participate in, much less run, 
a secret organization from 
behind the tense barriers of 
security he had been placed 
in as a “Soledad Brother” 
and accused killer of a 
correctional officer.

Wherever he went, he was' 
skin-searched constantly —• 
ordered to take his clothes 
off, bend over and spread his 
legs apart, rub b r i s k l y  
through his hair, open his 
mouth. Jackson and other in­
mates considered potentially 
dangerous went through that 
procedure sometimes several 
times a day.

For Jackson, the searches 
were most often for his fre­
quent trips to and from the 
visiting room to talk with a 
constant stream of attorneys, 
investigators, reporters, fam­
ily and widening circle of po­
litical friends.

Jackson's Last Visitor

San  Quentin Gun M ystery
Fi'om Page 1
vorce, friends said last night.

,  Until about a year ago, 
-/rieads said, B i n g h a m  
worked with a neighborhood 
legal assistance group in 
Berkeley. He has been in pri- 
\ ate practice as a member of 
an East Bay law firm since 

Uien.
SMUGGLED

At an afternoon press con­
ference, Warden Louis Nel- 
s 0 n repeated the official 
theory that the gun the black 
convict pulled h a d  been 
smuggled into the prison.

He said that, during the 
visit, Jackson and the attor­
ney faced each other across 
the table. These were no bar­
riers to prevent the two from 
touching and although guards 
could look into the room, they 
did not have the pair under 
constant surveillance.

Nelson was unable to ex­
plain how the weapon es­
caped detection by a  device 
at the gate which signals if a 
metal object is going through; 
The metal detector is used to 
screen anyone entering the 
prison, including employees, 
visitors—and attorneys.

Nelson said Jackson was 
back in the prison’s adjust­
ment center when he sudden­
ly displayed the pistol and 
took command of the room.

Three officers were o n 
duty on the first floor of the 
center, where there were 27 
prisoners, including some Nel­
son described as “the worst 
of our incorrigibles.”

Among them were Fleeta 
Drumgo and John W. Cluch- 
ette. the other two “ Soledad 
Brothers,” and Ruchell Ma-

More Quentin news 
on Page 5.

gee. co-defendant with Ange­
la Davis in murder - kidnap - 
conspiracy charges s t e m- 
ming from the shootout at 
the Marin Civic Center Au­
gust 7 ,1970.

SERGEANT
Three other officers, in­

cluding a sergeant, were also 
in the cell corridor when 
Jackson drew the pistol, the 
warden said.

It was then that the m aster 
electric locking device was 
tripped, p r e s u m a b l y  by 
Jackson, and the 27 inmates 
on the first f l o o r  were re­
leased into the corridor.

“ If he knew how to do it, 
he could have unlocked them 
all,” Nelson said, referring to 
the prisoners in the otheri 
three tiers of the adjustment 
center.

Then, according to Nelson, 
this is what happened:

Jackson first forced his 
captives into the maximum 
security wing of the prison. 
At one . point during this 
phase.of the escape attempt.

1  r  ■ \

t
\

GUARDS JERE GRAHAM, FRANK DeLEON A N D  PAUL KRASENES 
The three who were slain in the prison outburst

Jackson fired two shots. No 
one was hit, however, and 
the slugs have since been re­
covered.

Sometime in the ensuing 
half hour, Jackson and other 
inmates he had freed with a 
guard’s keys began slashing 
three guards’ throats.

Wielding a crudely fash­
ioned weapon — a half-razor 
blade embedded in a tooth­
brush handle — the inmates 
killed the three guai’ds — 
and also two wliite inmates 
— in sequence.

SHARP
The blade was not sharp, 

one official said, and the kill­
ings were a c c o m p l i s h e d  
slowly as the killers repeat­
edly sawed back and forth 
across the victims’ necks.

A s alarms reverberated 
around them, the desperate 
cons huddled in the rear of 
the cellblock, holding two 
guards hostage while con­
tinuing to saw away at the 
throats of the others.

Guards responding to the 
area fired dozens of shots 
into the cellblock, enabling 
the two hostages, correction­
al officers Kenneth McCray 
a n d  Urbano Rubiaco, to 
wrestle free of their captors 
and escape.

Suddenly, J a c k s o n  and 
Larry John Spain, 22, of Los 
Angeles, who is serving a life 
sentence for murder, bolted 
out of the cellblock into the 
prison’s main floral court­
yard and sprinted toward a 
20-foot-high brick wall about 
75 yards away.

TOWER
Sharpshooter guards in two 

gun towers flanking the es­
cape route opened fire at the 
two convicts streaking across 
the pavement.

Jackson w a s  hit about | 
one-third of the way to the j 
wall. He stumbled almost to | 
the rest of distance, then col- j 
lapsed in an alleyway near j 
the corner of the prison chap-! 
el. ;

Spain, meanwhile, d o v e I

into a  row of bushes in the 
middle o f the courtyard, 
where, unharmed, he was 
captured by guards.

The inmates who remained 
in the cellblock were then 
ordered by loudspeaker to 
take off their clothes and 
walk into the courtyard with 
their arms raised. All com­
plied.

'The automatic was r  e- 
covered near Jackson’s body. 
Two_ bullets had been fired 
from the inserted clip. Anoth­
er fully-loaded clip was found 
underneath Jackson’s body. 
No prison keys were found in 
the yard.

The dead prison officers 
were Sergeant Jere Graham, 
39; Frank P. DeLeon, 44, and 
Paul Krasenes, 52. a guard 
for 22 years. The slain pris­
oners were John Lynn, 29, of 
Ventura, and R o n a l d  L. 
Kane, 28, of Frenso.

The bodies of the prisoners, 
both wliite. and two of the 
guards were found in Jack­
son’s cell. The third guard 
was found dying in an alley­
way outside the cells.

FORCE
Lynn was serving a second 

degree murder sentence in 
the death of a deputy sheriff; 
Kane had used force in an es­
cape attempt.

Sergeant McCray, 39, and 
Rubiaco, 24, suffered minor 
slash wounds in the neck. A 
third guard, Charles Breck- 
enridge. 21, remains in criti­
cal condition with cuts about 
the throat.

Attorney Bingham, accord­
ing to sources in Salem. 
Conn., his home town, had 
been an active champion of 
the cause of blacks since his 
undergraduate days at Yale 
University.

In the fall of 1963 he was 
twice arrested on nusde- 
meanor charges in Mississip­
pi while working in behall of 
Aaron Henry, a black defeat­
ed in a bid for governor in 
the Dixie state. One charge 
was that he had distributed 
p a m p h l e t s  in Indianola.

Miss. — without a license, 
the other that he had loitered 
on a public street. In each in­
stance he was freed after 
posting $50 in bail.

ACTION
Interviewed at the time, 

Bingham strongly criticized 
the actions of Mississippi po­
lice who, he said, interferred 
with “the concept of a free 
election” by “systematic ha­
rassment and intimidation of 
Negroes and others support­
ing Aaron Henry.”

In March 1964, the late Dr. 
Martin Luther King named 
Bingham his Connecticut and 
Massachusetts coordinator 
for the Mississippi Summer 
Project in which Freedom 
Schools, to educate and re­
gister black voters, were es- 
t a b l i s h e d  throughout thq 
southern state.

During the summer of 1963, 
while working in Washington, 
D.C., with 100 other Yale stu­
dents, Bingham, a political 
science major, indicated he 
planned to follow in the fami­
ly tradition, but as a Demo­
crat.

His f a t h e r ,  Alfred M. 
Bingham, served as a state 
legislator in Connecticut.

His grandfather, Hiram, a 
prominent and powerful Re­
publican was that state’s 
governor and U.S. senator in 
a p o l i t i c a l  career that 
spanned three decades.

At his Oakland home last 
last night, callers were in­
formed that B i n g h a m ’s 
w h e r e a b o u t s  were not 
known,

Soviet Air Service
Moscow

Tlie Soviet airline Aeroflot 
plans to start regular flights 
to Australia. New Zealand 
and Siuth American and Af­
rican countries at present not 
included in its regular serv­
ice, according to a top Soviet 
aviation official.

Hrulerx

Jackson and the Soledad 
Brothers had akeady be­
come national “cause” fig­
ures in radical movements 
by the time Jackson’s criti­
cally-acclaimed book “Sole­
dad Brothers: The Prison 
Letters of George Jackson,” 
came out late last year.

He aedicated the book to 
his dead brother, Jonathan, 
“ scourge of the unrighteous, 
soldier of the people” ; to his 
mother and to Angela Davis, 
and promised, “to the de­
struction of their enemies I 
dedicate my life.”

It was this kind of revolu­
tionary talk that angered and 
frightened prison officials. Vi­
olent incidents in prison, par­
ticularly the unprecedented 
murder of five corrections of­
ficials in 18 months, were 
traced back by authorities to 
this “kill the pig rhetoric” by 
prison officials.

The officials made sharp 
remarks about attorneys and 
radicals inflaming trouble in 
the prisons. More than once 
the authorities s u g g e s t e d  
that lawyers were acting as 
message carriers between vi­
olent inmates.

ANGRY
Most alarmed and most an­

gry about this were the 
corrections officers t h e m- 
selves. Until two years ago 
or less, their jobs had slowly 
been getting better.

They dropped references to 
themselves as “guards.” Un­
der Procunier’s leadership 
the “joints” were loosening 
up. Inmates could make tele­
phone calls, receive family 

, [visits.
The Adult Authority was 

[releasing men on parole at a 
ifaster rate than ever before. 
The prison population was 
t declining because the man- 
jageable inmates were being 
let out early if they w'ent to 
[prison at all under newpio- 
jbation arrangements.

But the violence inside the 
walls was deadlier than ever 
before — a n d  seemingly 

without reason. Offficers were 
killed not by men who were 
trying to escape, but by in­
mates certain to be caught.

Correctional officers them­
selves were on the verge of 
mutiny against the admini.s- 
tration by Saturday, 'rhey de- 
m a n d e d tighter controls, 
more guns on the walls and 
less attention to the political 
influences of reformers, 

i DEMANDS
The fact was, that despite 

the demands for reform, both 
modest and strident, Califor­
nia prisons were ostensibly 
more liberal and obviously 
more violent places than 
ever before. In the long run, 
it appeared likely that even 
f u r t h e r  reforms, however 
slow, were o n the way. 
George Jackson’s book and 
the political supporters he 
rallied helped that cause.

The Soledad Brothers trial 
was scheduled to begin with­
in two weeks, and it was ex­
pected to bring more pres­
sure and controversy about 
prison reform. As early as 
today, there was to be a pre­
liminary h e a r i n g  fraught 
with tensions brought from 
San Quentin.

It was in that context that 
Jackson took the skin search 
early Saturday afternoon and 
went, under guard, to the vis­
iting room. ’Through with the 
visit, the officers marched 
him back across the pleas­
antly landscaped mall to the 
iron-stiff adjustment center 
where he was to be skin 
searched again.

BROTHER
“This is it!” Jackson is re­

ported to have said as he 
whipped out a gun — the 
same words his brother used 
in the Marin county court­
house.

He was shot down within 
an hour as he sprinted for a 
20-f 0 0 1 wail topped with 
barbed wire. 'There were four 
dead men in his concrete 
cell.

But there remained a ques­
tion about why — one that 
George Jackson asked him­
self months before after his 
younger brother was shot to 
death.

“If I’d known ahead of 
time,” he said almost exact­
ly a year ago, “I would have 
stopped him, I know the 
guards here. I knew they’d 
shoot, 1 knew they’d kill Jon­
athan,”

dio transceivers, pry bars 
and flashlights with lenses 
taped to emit only a thin 
beam of light.

The Camden raid came six 
hours after a group of five 
anti-war protestors staged a 
similar invasion of govern­
ment offices in Buffalo, N.Y,, 
but government spokesmen 
would not say whether they 
were connected. FBI agents 
and police equipped with 
floodlights and a police dog 
seized the five as they alleg­
edly ransacked the office of 
the Buffalo draft board and 
an army intelligence unit.

They had lowered several 
mail bags full of draft rec­
ords from the fifth floor of­
fice in the federal court­
house, authorities said.

John Peter Grady. 46. a 
New York sociologist long 
active in Black and Puerto 
Rican housing battles as well 
as the anti-war movement, 
was named as the ringleader 
of the Camden group.

Grady was co-chairman of 
tlfe defense committee for 
the Revs. Philip and Daniel 
Berrigan and the other mem­
bers of the so-called Catons- 
ville Nine, convicted of de­
stroying d r a f t  records in 
May, 1968, in the Baltimore 
suburb of Catonsville.

PREPARATIONS
The c h a r g e s  said mem­

bers of the group climbed the 
skeleton of the Rutgers law 
building under construction 
nearby to survey traffic pat­
terns aroud th e  federal 

comd building and on June 25 
and August 20 conducted 
time triais to determine how 
long it took to chive to the 
building. Poiice patrols were 
c l o c k e d  and observation 
points set up.

Rudd, who invoked God’s 
blessing on the FBI agents 
during the arraignment, set 
bail ranging from $150,000 for 
Grady down to $5000 for oth­
er suspects.

Those with high bails in­
cluded Paul Bernard Coum- 
ing, 23, of Dorchester, Mass., 
$75,000, and John SwingUsh, 
27, of Washington, D.C., the 
Rev. Peter D. Fordi, 34, and 
Robert Glenn Good, 22, both 
of New York, each $50,000,

Couming a n d  SwingUsh 
both face contempt charges 
for refusing to testify against 
PhiUp Berrigan and other 
peace activists indicted by a 
Harrisburg, Pa,, grand jury 
in an alieged piot to kidnap 
presidential adviser Henry 
A. Kissinger and blow up 
government b u i l d i n g s  in 
Washington, D.O.

Father Fordi is a member 
of the East Coast Conspiracy 
to Save Lives, an antiwar 
group, and good has worked 
for the Harrisburg Eight De­
fense Committee i n New 
York.

BONDS
Bail of $25,000 was set for 

Michael John Giocondo, 42, 
of Camden; Rosemary Reil­
ly, 22, of Bridgewater, N.Y.; 
Kathleen Mary Ridolfi, 22; 
Robert W. Williamson, 21, 
and Keith WilUam Forsyth, 
21, aU of Philadelphia, and 
Terry Edward Buckalew, 20. 
of Wooster, Ohio. Bail of 
$20,000 was set for Ann Dun­
ham, 23, of Pelham, N.Y.

Bail of $10,000 was set for 
Lianne Moccia, 21, of Re­
vere. Mass., and the Rev. Mi­
chael J. Doyle. 36, of Cam­
den, and Rosemary Reilly’s 
sister, Joan, 23. of Bridgewa­
ter, N.Y. bail of $5000 was set 
for BYancis Mel Madden, 32 
of East Orange, N .J.; Barry 
J. Mussi, 22, of Belmont, 
Mass.; Sarah Jane Tosi, 19, 
of Dorchester. Mass., and 
Margaret M. Inness, 26, of 
Boston.

Rudd offered reduced sig­
nature bonds to Fathers For­
di and Doyle, w’ho is assist­
ant pastor of St. Joseph’s 
pro-Cathedral. and to the 
Rev. Mr. Milo M. BiUman 
but only the Rev. Mr. Bill- 
man accepted.

All 20 were charged with 
committing a crime on a 
g o v e r n m e n t  reservation, 
breaking and entering, de- 
s t r u c t i o n  of government 
property, removal and muti­
lation of p u b l i c  records, 
theft of government proper­
ty. u n l a w f u l  interference 
with the administration of 
the MiUtary Selective Serv­
ice Act of 1967 and conspira­
cy to commit the crimes. 
Hoover said conviction could 
result in prison terms total­
ing 40 years for each.

The five arrested Saturday 
night in Buffalo appeared 
yesterday before U.S. magis­
trate Edmund Maxwell on 
charges of theft and destruc­
tion of government records.

Sion was known shortly be­
fore his morning press con­
ference and American poUti- 
cal officers, looking tired but 
resigned, said they were not 
surprised at the news.

Under Vietnamese law. the 
elections can be postponed 
by presidential decree, but 
postponement must have the 
concurrence of both houses 
of the national legislature.

NIXON
The White House had no 

immediate comment onKy’s 
decision not to run, but in­
formed sources said Presi­
dent Nixon was deeply con­
cerned about the develop­
ment.

I The U.S. Embassy in Sai- 
I gon issued a brief statement 
■ saying: “We regret the deci­
sion of Vice President Ky not 
to contest the election for the 

i presidency of the Republic of 
! Vietnam. We are studying 
! the implications of the situa­

tion and have no further 
comment at this time.”

It was believed that the 
Americans would go along 
with Ky’s proposal for a new 
election if it proved to be the 
only means of avoiding a 
one-man race. .4n alterna­
tive. as U.S. officials made 
clear in recent days, could be 
a cutback in U.S. aid to 
South Vietnam,

Recall of 
230,000 

Cans of Soup
BT-om Page 1
points in 16 states but that no 
illness had been reported yet 
and that about 54 per cent of 
them had been accounted for 
at wholesale or retail outlets.

It was the second discov­
ery of botulism contamina­
tion in soup in as many 
months. The first was inVi- 
chyssoise. a potato soup, 
made by the Bon Vivant Co. 
in Newark, N.J.

The Campbell cans, bear­
ing the code number 

“07,P13,701X.” had b e e n  
shipped to Alabama, Arkan­
sas, Colorado, Florida. Geor­
gia, Kansas, K e n t u c k y ,  
Louisiana, Nebraska, New 
Mexico. Mississippi, M i s- 
souri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, 
Texas, and Wyoming.

Shortly after Campbell an­
nounced that it was recalling 
the cans, the Agriculture De­
p a r t m e n t  in Washington 
urged consumers in these 
and adjoining s t a t e s  to 
“carefully destroy any chick­
en vegetable soup in such a 
way as will prevent it being 
consumed by humans or ani­
mals.”

Officials of the USDA. aft­
er meeting with a Campbell 
executive, also said it was 
contacting the Center for 
Disease Control in Atlanta, 
Ga., and public health au­
thorities in all states possibly 
involved.

The evidence of botulism, a 
frequently fatal poison that 
attacks the nervous system, 
was detected by Campbell 
chemical analysis only in 
cans processed July 15. a 
company spokesman s a i d .  
But he said all the chicken 
vegetable soup packed at 
that plant was being recalled 
as a precautionary measure.

The spokesman, Kenneth 
M. Clair, a vice president for 
public relations, said 4799 
cases of the soup — 230,352 
cans — were suspect.

Asked it Campbell knew 
about the contamination for 
more than three weeks be­
fore alerting t h e  public. 
Claire said. “I’m not sure 
that we can answer that 
question at this time.”

He said “ definitive test­
ing” of the soup was not 
complete until yesterday aft­
ernoon.

Rebel Junta 
Takes Over 
In Bolivia

From Page 1
volt in the eastern Bolivian 
city of Santa Cruz, charging 
that Torres was permitting 
the country to drift toward 
communism.

Banzer is a career army 
officer who commanded the 
Bolivian Military Academy 
until his removal last Janu­
ary, on charges that he led a 
conspiracy to oust Torres.

The other two members of 
the junta ai*e General Jaime 
BTorentino Mendieta and Col­
onel Andres Selich. Selich 
was appointed interior minis­
ter.

O t h e r  cabinet positions 
went to military men and 
members of the center-left 
Nationalist Revolutionary 
Movement (MNR) and the 
rightist Bohvian Socialist B’a- 
lange.

EXILE
Victor Paz Estenssoro, the 

f o r m e r  Bolivian president 
who founded the MNR, was 
reported ready to leave exile 
in Peru and return to Boliv-, 
ia. A secretary to Paz in 
Lima confirmed that a Bo­
livian military plane would 
carry him home.

Paz was ousted from office 
in 1964. More than 100 Bolivi­
an heads of state have been 
toppled by coups since the 
republic was proclaimed in 
1825.

The new junta promised 
elections would be called 
soon.

Banzer was arrested last 
Wednesday on r e n e w e d  
charges that he was plotting 
against the Torres govern­
ment. Authorities released 
the colonel Saturday when it 
appeared Torres would fall.

TORRES
The whereabouts of Torres 

was unknown. He fled the 
Presidential Palace late Sat­
urday night when rebel ar­
mored cars arrived at the 
front entrance.

There were renorts that 
the short, m o u s t a c h i o e d  
army general, who took pow­
er in a coup last October, 
had fled Bolivia. Other re­
ports said he had taken re­
fuge in the Papal Nunciature 
in La -Paz, but this cou'd not 
be confirmed either in La 
Paz or in Rome.

Bomb Blast Wrecks 
San Mateo Tax Office

From Page 1
heavy metal frames of the 
front doors — about 50 feet 
away from the center of the 
blast — were .buckled out­
ward.

The building is in a com­
mercial area, deserted at 
night, and nobody reported 
hearing the explosion.

Investigators believed that 
a side door off an exterior 
corridor, open to the street, 
may have been jimmied to 
gain entrance.

Skopeck said the heavy 
charge, believed to  have 
been dynamite pending a lab­
oratory analysis of frag­
ments, had been placed in or 
under a metal desk in a w ork 
area near the rear of the 
building.

DAMAGE
Near the mangled remains 

of the desk, an exterior wall 
was buckled several feet out- 

i ward, with a ragged hole in 
* the middle of the bulge, 
i Glass from rear windows 
j  was sprayed across a park- 
' ing lot. Ceilings were 
stripped of their acoustical 

i  tile, and there were shredded
■|L

bits of paper everywhere 
among the scattered, broken 
furniture.

Somehow, the explosion did 
not set fire to the building.

Raymond Harless, district 
director of Internal Revenue, 
who was at the scene yester­
day, said some tax returns 
were filed in the building. He 
said some of them “may be a 
bit chewed up, but I don’t 
think any were destroyed.” 
In any case, copies are 
stored elsewhere.

TARGET
It was speculated that the 

intended target of the blast 
might have been the Selec- 

j t i V e Service offices next 
I door, but that building was 
i not damaged.

Like other IRS offices, the 
: San Mateo office was to have 
i started a new service today,
I answering inquiries and tak- 
; ing complaints about viola- 
' l i o n s  of the President's 
90-day wage-price freeze.

Harless said the office wiU 
remain closed today, but 
probably will be open- for 
business tomorrow in tempo- 

: rary quarters at the same 
i address.

•y.



Poqe 4—8».3ff.£xam tticr *  Mon,,Aug. 23, 1971

A New Get-Tough Prison 
Policy May Be in the Offing
A new get-tough policy 

aimed at controlling the state 
prison s y s t e m ’s “revolu­
tionaries” and “worst incor- 
rigibles” may be in the off­
ing as a result Of Saturday’s 
San Quentin bloodletting.

“We are moving in the 
direction of having closer 
custody of many of the peo­
ple we suspect of revolu­
t i o n a r y  type activities,” 
State Corrections Director 
Raymond K, Procunier said 
at San Quentin yesterday.

He discussed the probable 
toughening penal line in an 
interview with the Examiner 
before a meeting with ward­
ens of the eigjit state prisons 
north of the Tehachapis.

Old Ways Out 
But he d e m u r r e d  at 

suggestions by other prison 
officials that “tough o ld - 
fashioned correctional prac­
tices . . . like those 50 years

ago” may result from the 
growing wave of prison vio­
lence.

“We’re not talking of going 
back to 50 years ago,” Pro­
cunier said. “We can’t go 
back. We’ve got to go for­
ward from where we are 
now.”

This wiU mean, he said, 
that rehabilitation programs 
will continue to be developed 
and refined for the “vast ma­
jority” of California’s prison 
population.

It is the new “revolutionary 
element” in Procunier’s view 
that will face tighter restric­
tions.

New Problem
“This is a new problem in 

the system, you understand,” 
he said. “We now have a 
bunch of people . . . who now 
have an attitude of real revo­
lution . . , who don’t  give a 
damn what their means are,

even taking lives, as long as 
it gets what they want — 
publicity and support for 
their cause.”

The elements in the prison 
population h a v e  “seeming 
support from t h e  radical 
community” and “our big 
problem is separating them 
from other inmates,” Procu­
nier said.

Because the focus of the 
“prison revolt” apparently 
has now shifted completely 
to San Quentin, it is likely 
that whatever new methods 
are devised will be used 
there more.

May Reclassify
Procunier said he was not 

going into yesterday’s meet­
ing with the wardens with al­
ready firm ideas about what 
win be done, but he predicted 
more emphasis on lockup 
and less on rehabilitation for 
certain prisoners.

“It is possible wb wiE re­
classify a n d  restrict the 
movement of a larger group 
of people than we are now,” 
he said, “ and a possibiEty is 
redeploying some of the staff 
to that group.”

This could include restric­
tion of visiting rights for “a 
Bmited group.” The Emited 
group would Include th e  
“w o r s t  incorrigibles and 
these so - caEed r e v o l u ­
tionaries.”

He said he had “no idea” 
of the percentage of prison­
ers involved in the trouble­
makers he was talking about 
but said the problem “is not 
along racial Enes.”

He also said the growing 
violence, at least so far, has; 
not dampened recruitment of 
new personnel into prison 
staffs: “We’ve got some cou­
rageous people and there has 
been no effect so far.”

Jackson Plot Foiled-Attorney Sought
—From Page 1

cleaned and pressed in Santa 
Cruz. The letter was discov­
ered by an employe of the 
cleaners who turned it over 
to authorities.

Officials photostated the 
letter and Jackson’s answer 
and returned the papers to 
the trousers pocket in order 
not to arouse suspicion.

Jackson is aUeged to have 
told his cellmate to:

Have two of Jackson’s sis­
ters smuggle derringers in 
the hoUowed out heels of 
t h e i r  shoes past prison 
guards and a  metal detector 
with which all visitors to San 
Quentin are screened. Jack- 
son drew a diagram showing 
how it could be done.

Further, the sisters were to 
insert tubes of plastic explo­
sive -  which Jackson called 
“geEte” -  into their vaginas 
to e s c a p e  detection by 
guards.

The letter recommended 
that a  prison break should be 
set during darkness. Jackson 
said a single power Ene lead­
ing into San Quentin could be 
shorted out by driving a met­
al stake into the ground and 
attaching a  Steele cable or 
chain to it which would then 
be tossed over tlie power 
lines.

In the darkness that was to 
foEow, Jackson is said to 
have Instructed his friends to 
have “a four wheeled vehi­
cle” waiting outside the west 
edge of the prison perimeter.

‘Dry Run’
On Sunday August 1, Jack- 

son was visited by two of his 
three sisters, a  niece and 
two nephews in what prison 
officials described as a “dry 
run” of the planned escape, 
Associate Warden J a m e s  
Park has confirmed.

That day, about 1 p.m. 
Peimy Jackson and her S- 
year-old son; Delora Ward 
and her two children, a boy, 
12 and a gkl, 10, presented

themselves at the west gate 
of the sprawling penitentiary 
to visit George Jackson.

Both women passed frisk- 
ings and the metal detection 
test after giving their belong­
ings to a  guard. But when 
Delora Ward’s boy passed 
the metal detection unit, a 
warning was sounded.

The boy’s mother said the 
boy was wearing metal buc­
kles on his shoes and a metal 
belt buckle but guards insist­
ed the boy pass the test after 
taking of aE metal.

Again the boy tried to pass 
the metal detection test after 
removing his belt and shoes. 
Again the detector sounded a 
warning.

Cap Pistol
Suspicious guards t h e n  

frisked the boy and discov­
ered a cap pistol in a holster 
taped to the inside of his 
thigh. Searches of the other 
boy and girl led to the dis­
covery of two more con­
cealed toy pistols in holsters 
hidden in their clothing.

Associate Warden P a r k  
said prison officials inter­
preted the attempt to smug­
gle the toy weapons as a 
“dry run.” They subsequent­
ly decided-to suppress the 
discovery in view of the ap­
proaching trial of the Sole- 
dad Brothers in San Francis­
co.

Prison authorities h a v e  
tfaced Jackson’s steps just 
before he made his abortive 
escape attempt.

Jackson, Bingham Meet
Jackson met with Bingham 

and the unnamed women in a 
special glass e n c l o s e d  
eight-by-ten foot room re­
served for prisoners housed 
in the maximum security 
sections of San Quentin.

After the visit Jackson was 
escorted back to his cell in 
the first floor tier of the ad­
justment center, which also 
houses part of CaEfornia’s 
death-row population.

Jackson p a s s e d  through 
two doors with an officer but

was stopped as he entered state c r i m e  laboratories
the adjustment center,

T h e r e ,  foEowing prison 
regulations, an u n a r m e d  
guard frisked the prisoner.

Shoots Guard
During the search Jackson 

is said to have shot the 
guard, grabbed his keys and 
released the other prisoners 
— including the two other So- 
ledad Brothers and RucheE 
Magee — by means of a lock­
ing switch.

Moments l a t e r  Jackson 
w a s  dead from gunshots 
fired by guards in a watch 
tower.

The automatic pistol used 
by Jackson is now undergo­
ing tests in Sacramento in

where investigators are at­
tempting to “raise” t h e  
weapon’s serial number us­
ing acid.

Panther Gun Purchase
As of late Sunday night the 

crime team said they had 
reason to beEeve the gun was 
part of $4700 worth of arma­
ments purchased f r o m  a 
Reno Army surplus store by 
known Black Panthers some 
three years ago, the Examin­
er learned.

Marin County officials said 
there are no warrants out for 
either Bingham or his wom­
an companion but they wish 
to question Jackson’s last 
visitors.

Malcolm X Lost 
Hatred of Whites

By Lucinda Franks
LONDON — (U P !) — 

Shortly before Malcolm X 
died, he gave up his beEef 
that aE white men were evU 
and said he had been wrong 
in teaching blacks a bEnd 
hatred of white skin.

Malcolm X knew that he 
was going to be kiEed — by 
the very black brothers that 
he had brought from a ghetto 
Efe of drugs and alcohol to 
the Black Muslim faith. And 
before his death, he told his 
friends that much of what he 
had done he would Eke to 
undo.

In “Dead Level,” a book 
being pubEshed in Britain, 
Hakim Jam al recounts me­
mories of Malcolm X from 
the black leader’s boyhood in 
Boston until he was shot to 
death whEe addressing a ral­
ly in New York in 1965.

InstUled Pride
Jamal recounts how Mal- 

cohn, who was born Malcolm 
Little and was an orphan

Funerals Being Arranged
Arrangements have begun 

for the series of funerals of 
those who died in Saturday’s 
abortive escape attempt at 
San Quentin.

0  n Wednesday, services 
wiE be held for Paul W. Kra- 
senes, 52, the 22-year veteran 
correctional officer s l a i n  
with two other officers and 
three inmates of the prison.

The funeral wiE be held at 
Our Lady of Loretto Church 
in Novato at 10:15 a.m. fol­
lowed by burial at Mt. OEvet 
Cemetery in San Rafael. A 
rosary service for the slain 
officer is set for 8 p.m. Tues­

day at Keaton’s Chapel of 
Marin in Novato.

Funeral arrangements for 
the other two slain correc­
tions officers and the three 
slain convicts w e r e  stiE 
pending Sunday night.

The father of George Jack- 
son, who died Saturday of 
gunshots from a guard tower 
while sprinting for a 20-foot 
prison waE, said his son wiE 
be bui'ied alongside Jonathan 
Jackson, 17, the convict’s 
younger brother, who died 
Aug. 7, 1970, during a gun 
battle at the Marin County 
Courthouse in San Rafael.

“We expected the kilEng,”

said Lester Jackson Jr., 50, 
from his home in suburban 
Pasadena, referring to his 
elder son, one of the so-caEed 
Soledad Brothers.

The father, a post office 
employe for 29 years, visited 
the grave of Jonathan two 
weeks ago on the anniver­
sary of his other son’s death, 
he said.

“While I w a s  there I 
bought a grave for George 
and myself,” he said. “I 
k n e w  things hadn’t been 
going weE for George, so I 
made this a r r a n g e m e n t .  
George will be buried next to 
Jonathan.”

KILLED IN  SAN  Q U EN TIN 'S  DESPERATE JAILBREAK TRY
Girards Paul Krasenes, Frank DeLeon and Jere GrahaTi

most of his Efe, instiEed 
pride in thousands of bro­
ken-down ghetto blacks by 
teaching them to seek ven­
geance on the “yhite devE.” 
But after Malcolm spEt with 
EEjah Mohamad’s B l a c k  
MusEms, he began to turn 
away from his own teach­
ings.

He began to realize that all 
white people were not bad 
and he told Jamal:

“ I must look for and find 
some of the brothers who 
hate unintelEgently. I caused 
a lot of this.

“When a man, black or 
white, reaches out his hand 
to shake your hand, you 
shake his hand.”

Secretaries’ Pregnancies
Jamal says that the spEt 

between MalcoEn and the 
Black MusEms began when 
two of EEjah Muhammad’s 
secretaries became p r  e g- 
nant. Malcolm, who tried to 
Ee because he thought he 
was protecting the MusEm 
leader, eventuaEy became 
the object of blame for those 
w ho  claimed Muhammad 
could not be at fault.

From that point on, Jamal 
says, Malcolm was marked 
for death. A month before he 
was shot he told Jam a l‘"The 
last message I received from 
my source in Chicago was 
that they wanted my tongue 
mailed to them by Feb. 
26th.”

Jam al teEs how Malcolm, 
even as a junkie and a juve- 
nEe delinquent in Boston’s 
Negro Roxbury section, was 
able to make his black broth­
ers feel proud of themselves.

Warmth
When he became a Mus­

Em, Jam al says, Malcolm 
was able to succeed in the 
b l a c k  ghetto community 
where jail sentences and so­
cial workers had failed.

“We needed his words, his 
warmth, his syringe which 
was loaded with kindness 
and feeling for us that very 
few of us had ever experi­
enced,” Jam al said. “I be­
came drunk on him, just E '« 
he was a  shortdog of port 
wine.”

Jam al’s own story is a 
touclung one and told with di­
rectness and honesty. Born 
AEen Donaldson of a  broken 
home in Roxbury, he was a 
junkie, an alcohoEc, a wom­
anizer, and an ex-convict un- 
tE he joined the Black Mus­
Ems under the tutelage of 
Malcolm X.

Jackson^s
Visitors
Sought

—From Page 1
involve some of Jackson’s 
relatives.

Key Quewtion 
A key unanswered question 

remained how the gun Jack- 
son used was smuggled in. 
Warden Louis S. Nelson told 
a news conference yesterday 
afternoon that the ^  year old 
convict produced it immedi­
ately after he returned from 
the visit and said, “This is 
it.”

As the prison remained un­
der a general lockup today 
and wardens from tirrough- 
out Northern Califonua met 
to discuss new “ get tough” 
methods to deal with the 
prison system’s incorrigibles, 
there remained these other 
questions:

•  Did Bingham o r  his 
companion smuggle the 9mm 
foreign made pistol used by 
Jackson as weE as possible 
explosives into Quentin? And 
if so, how did it get by metal 
detectors and other security 
precautions?

•  Was there a conspiracy 
as claimed by the prison, 
with Jackson being aided by 
person or persons unknown 
■ on the outside?

•  Were any of the other 26 
other convicts in Q’s maxi­
mum security “adjustment 
center” involved in planning 
tlie break?

Was the break that well- 
planned or was it a sponta­
neous act of desperation by 
Jackson?

•  What roles were played 
by Jackson’s fellow Soledad 
Brothers, F l e e t  a Drumgo 
and John Cluchette, and by 
RucheE Magee, co-defendant 
of Angela Davis on murder - 
kidnap - conspiracy charges 
resulting from the Marin 
County Civic Center shootout 
a year ago?

•  Under what circumstan­
ces did the bodies of three of 
those killed and three others 
wounded end up in Jackson’s 
cell?

•  How did Jackson release 
,a!l the other prisoners from 
their locked ceEs:

•  Could the gun have been 
given to Jackson from within 
the prison?

Beginning to Jell’
Few answers were forth­

coming yesterday from Nel­
son, who rushed back to the 
prison from the first day of 
his vacation, and S t a t e  
Corrections Director R a y ­
mond K. Procunier, who flew 
to Marin immediately after 
the escape attempt.

“Certain things are begin­
ning to jeE,” Nelson said, 
saying that one gun and tv;o 
cartridges fired from it had 
been recovered and sent to 
state crime labs in Sacra­
mento.

“We do know it w a s  
brought into the Adjustment 
Center by George Jackson,” 
Nelson said, but he had no 
comment on how he got it. 
He said, in reply to a  ques­
tion, that it was “not possi­
ble” that the gun came from 
one of his own people.

, Another Visitor 
Nels/on declined comment 

on whether there was a con­
spiracy even though asso­
ciate Warden James W. L. 
P a r  fc Saturday afternoon 
said, “I ’m sure there was a 
conspiracy, certainly . . . ” 
The warden did saythepris- 
0 n had information from 
“several sources,” both in­
side and outside the prison 
that some major incident 
was being planned. He would 
not identify the sources and 
decEne^ elaboration.

Blames Radicals 
Nelson did endorse Park’s 

earEer an ^ y  statements that 
t h e  bloody violence was 
caused by “buE talk by delet- 
tante revolutionaries” and 
“people who advocate mur­
der.” He said “so-caEed rad­
icals and revolutionaries ’on 
the outside were stirring up 
“unstable” people inside the 
prisons.

Nelson* held up a sheaf of 
underground newspapers 
containing attacks on the 
state’s penal system as ex­
amples of how mlEtant pris­
oners are being encouraged 
to “these violent acts.”

“We have to show them 
these things under the law,” 
he said, citing a law that per­
mits convicts to receive any­
thing that can be legally sent 
in the maii. “I’m sure the 
legislators, in good intention, 
did not reaEze what this 
nught do to men with short 
fuses,”

Metal Detector 
Nelson said he didn’t know 

how a gun might be smug­
gled throught the electronic 
metal-detector, adding: “In 
life, anything is conceivable.

CO NTRO VERSIAL  M A G A Z IN E  W ILL  BE BA N N ED  IN  PRISON
Corrections director Procunier and Warden Nelson show publication "Right On'"

but the person was not likely 
to have it on his person.”

Officials gave this general 
accotmt of the escape at­
tempt:

Although most of the 27 
prisoners held in the Adjust­
ment Center awaiting trial 
for capital crimes or because 
they’re considered “excess- 
sively d a n g e r o u s ” were 
locked up, some of them wer­
en’t.

A few of them, including 
Jackson, were returning to 
their ceEs from visits or oth­
er business when the incident 
started at 3:10 p.m.

Before the skinsearch was 
started, Jackson drew the 
pistol and somehow threw 
the master switch that un­
locked aE the ceEs. 
more

Rest Unclear
Exactly w h a t  happened 

then is unclear.
Jackson and a convicted 

murderer, Larry Spain, 22, 
broke out of the three-story 
btulding which also houses 
death row and began running 
towards a 20 foot wall.

A tower guard fued two 
long-range shots at them, at 
least one of them hitting and 
killing Jackson. Spain dived 
under some bushes and was 
not hit. Park said he as­
sumed the tower guard fired 
at Jackson either because he 
was in the lead or because he 
could see Jackson’s gun. He 
also said Jackson had a 
“substance” which may be 
an explosive.

Inside the center, where 
the violence was confined to 
the first floor, three officers 
and two c o n v i c t  “tier- 
tenders” were dead, one of 
them beEeved to be shot in 
the head and four others with 
slashed throats.

A Possibility
'Three of the dead and one 

wormded were in Jacksonls 
ceE and prison officials said 
it was “possible” they were 
put there after they were 
killed.

The dead officers were Sgt. 
Jere Graham, 39; Frank P. 
DeLeon, 44, and Paul Kra­
senes, 52. The dead inmates 
were Jackson. 29; and .John

Lyim, 29, of Ventura, serving 
murder and robbery senten­
ces; and Ronald L. Kane„28, 
of Fresno, seiwing time for 
car theft and a prison escape 
attempt.

Except for Graham, who 
may have been shot by Jack- 
son,  they died of slash 
wounds from a razor blade 
inserted into a toothbrush 
handle or a hand-held blade.

It was unclear why the two 
convicts were Idlled, b u t  
prison officials emphasized 
they were slain by other in­
mates and not by guards.

Handcuffed?
'The wounded guards were 

identified as Charles Breck- 
enridge, 21, in critical condi­
tion; Sgt. Kenneth McCray, 
39, in fair condition, both at 
Marin General Hospital; and 
Urbano Rubiaco, 24, who was 
treated and released. 'They 
.were held hostage by in­
mates, officials said while 
the other guards and inmates 
were systematically slashed 
in the neck with razors.

There was an unconfirmed 
report that one of the slain 
guards was handcuffed.

Leather trimmed 
pockets on 
trim herringbone 
flares.
Another tasty look from Hastings 
all-time best pant collection. 
Mini-herringbone pattern, 
permanent-press, flapped scalloped 
back pockets. The look’s right, 
the fit, great. In brown or grey.

13.00

SAN FRANCISCO, OAKLAND, SAN MATEO, PALO ALI'O , SAN JOSL.SACRAML-NTO, MARJ> 

MON'I ERHY, CONCORD, SAN LEANDRO. BH R K K U A ’



—---------- Deaths Disappointment and Greed--------—

Mexican ‘Illegales’ Pour Into U.S.

AAori., Aufl. 23, 1971

By Don West
Examiner N«ws Staff

SAN PEDRO NARANEA
JAS TIL (Michoacan, Mexi­
co) — Jesus Ayala andJ De- 
lores Blanco had a simple de- 

. sire when they left this coast­
a l  mountain village — money 
from the luxuriant United 
States farmlands to ease the 
harsh life of their families 
. Today Sra. Ayala wears 
Widow’s black; her three 
children are fatherless, and 
Ayala’s mother and father 
mourn a son whose body is 
buried 2500 miles from its 
birthplace.

Blanco has been returned 
to. his home in nearby San 
Juan de las Palmeras. He is
• maimed for life, his dream 
shattered by a nightmare of 
death, disappointment and 

■greed.
■ Both Ayala, 30, and Blan­
co, 20, w e r e  “iUegales” 
dumped near Hollister, Cal­
if ,;  by smugglers who pan­
icked when their human con-
■ traband developed trouble- 
.some symptoms. Ayala was 
'dead when found hours lat­
er, and Blanco was near 
death.

Floodtide
■ ‘ The two are part of a flood- 
tide from this country that 
has reached such staggering 
dimensions that the U.S. Bor­
der Patrol in the 10 western 
states can barely handle the 
1000 Ulegales apprehended 
daily, 350 of whom are found 
in California alone.
• Their hopes and ambitions 
fanned by friends and rela­
tives already in the States, 
■egged on by stories of as­
sured jobs in agriculture, 
tourism and industry, these 
•rhen and some women have 
become a multi-million dol­
lar' bonanza for well- 
organized smuggling rings 
ttiat grow more daring each 
year.
' No accurate estimate is 
•available on the number of il- 
legales who work their way 
■into permanent jobs in the 
•U.S., but their presence has 
caused a backlash f r o m  
those competing for the few 
unskilled and low-skill jobs 
available in a  tight economy. 
Even Chieano groups are 
seeking tighter controls.

287,00«
'W hile 287,000 w e r e  re­

turned to Mexico in the last 
fiscal year, many estimates 
of those entering the U.S. il­
legally each year would dou­
ble that amount.

Only a few iUegales will 
make the impression Blanco 
and Ayala made on the Chi­
cane community within Hol­
lister.

A fund drive named the 
Ayala Foundation after the 
dead man has already begun 
senmng funds here to his 
family. Blanco arrived home 
clothed in the first new boots, 
shirt and trousers of his 
young Ufe, all purchased by 
or donated through the foun­
dation.

John Hernandez, a Hollis­
ter service station operator, 
and Benito Gomez and Rami­
ro Gutierrez, former farm 
vijrkers, organized the fund 
ofiginally to raise money to 
return the Ayala body to its 
home.

,'Ibe large cost seemed pro­
hibitive, so funds were sent 
the bereaved family instead, 
file fund is planned to be ex­
panded to c o v e r  similar 
problems in Ayala’s mem- 
ofy, according to Hernandez.

Forgotten
•This part of Michoacan is a 

fdrgotten c o u n t r y ,  located 
midway between and well 
out of reach of the tourist 
dollars of Acapulco a n d  
Puerto Vallarta. Most tour­
ists know this state only for 
Hake Patzcuaro and its but- 
t ^ y  n e t  fishermen 200 
miles east across the moun­
tains toward Mexico City.

Two methods of illegal entrance into the U .S .. . .  under the trunk of a car, and curled up under the hood

Blanco’s father, Cristobal, 
must support his wife, Sebas- 
tiana, and their three sons 
and two daughters on a 
small, rocky hillside farm 
that grows a few beans and 
corn and grazes one pig and 
a few chickens.

During the harvest season, 
there might be work availa­
ble in nearby banana and 
Mango plantations, where a 
man and his grown son could 
each earn 12 to 14 pesos — 
about a dollar — each day.

Dream
But a dearth of opportuni­

ties beyond that made it easy 
for Ayala, who had once been 
to the States, to persuade the 
younger Blanco, to join him 
in the “big money” north of 
the border.

He saved for his dream lit­
erally a centavo at a time, 
taking more than e i g h t  
months to accumulate 360 pe­
sos — about $ 3 0 he needed 
to reach Tijuana, the border 
gateway t o his imagined 
wonderland of affluence.

Hiding his money in a se­
cret pocket of his cotton trou­
sers, Blanco walked here 
from his home. He had no 
way to return his father’s 
burro and neither his father 
or mother, who have never 
been out of this mountain 
wilderness, wanted to make 
the half day trip to see their 
son off on a journey they 
warned was wild and foolish.

To 'Tijuana
Ayala had gone ahead to 

make arrangements, but he 
had left detailed instructions 
for the youth, who was leav­
ing the hills for the first time 
in his life, on how to meet 
him in Tijuana.

There are no automobiles 
here and only a few wagons. 
Outside world contact i s 
maintained twice a week 
through Salvador Ribera’s 
mail plane. Blanco had to 
spend about a  fourth of his 
money, 80 pesos, for an air 
lift to La Placita, where he 
caught a ride on a wagon.

"Two wagon rides brought 
him to El Tecoman where he 
could catch buses through 
Colima to Guadalajara. His 
money seeming to dwindle so 
fast, spending 160 pesos to 
reach bustling Gudalajara, 
the 1400-mile trip to 'Tijuana 
took another 180 pesos.

A stunning bar girl named 
Olivia relieved him of a few 
more pesos during a layover 
in Mexicali and Blanco ar­
r i v e  d in Tijuana nearly 
broke. Fortunately he found 
Ayala at the home of Rosa 
Guillen, an aunt who had left 
this village years ago.

$250 Fee
All the arrangements had 

been made by Ayala in a sys­
tem that would allow pay­
ment of the smugglers the

Santa Clara Fair 
Fnds in 10 Arrests

$250 fee for each of them on 
arrival in Hollister They 
would return the money out 
of future farm wages.

Ayala and Blanco crossed 
the border by going to the 
beach west of the new bull- 
ring on Saturday, July 3, ar­
riving at a time when the 
tide was at its lowest ebb.

They joined a guided group 
of 20 other men including 
Guadalupe Valencia, 53, and 
Jose Gutierrez, 45, who were 
also from this state, in walk­
ing in the surf along the 
beach until they reached the 
mouth of the Tia Juana River

well inside the United States. 
Cars awaited the men across 
the river’s narrow channel.

A swift and confusing ride 
to Los Angeles was unevent­
ful, except that cars were 
switched four times after 
they left the river.

No Water
All 22 men were held in a 

small house somewhere in 
Los Angeles until early Sun­
day morning without food. 
Blanco was even afraid to 
ask for water when he no­
ticed Ayala had not done so.

A man who appeared to be 
the boss — a slight man with

bushy hair is all Blanco re­
members — arrived a n d  
gave orders for the rest of 
the trip.

He and Ayala were forced 
to ride in the trunk of their 
car by the presence of four of 
the gang and since neither of 
their older compadres ap­
peared able to survive there. 
Blanco soon fell asleep, a 
handkerchief placed over his 
mouth and nose to keep out 
the stinking f u m e s ,  and 
awakened in the San Benito 
County Hospital. His friend 
Ayala had been dead when 
they found him, he was told.

Ayala’s death was due to 
dehydration and starvation 
complicated by carbon mon­
oxide poisoning, authorities 
said. Blanco suffered perma­
nent injury to his mind and 
lungs from the same causes.

After spending over two 
weeks in the hospital, he was 
returned to Mexico.

His case and the death of 
Ayala will remain open, but 
little chance is seen of ever 
finding and identifying “los 
coyotes” who were responsi­
ble.
NEXT; Who are the smug­
glers

ILWU Huddles on 
Strike Strategy 
Key Decisions
The coastwide strike strat­

egy committee of the Inter­
national Longshoremen’s and 
Warehousemen’s Union met 
here today to consider key 
decisions in the 54-day-o ld  
dock walkout.

Harry Bridges, president 
of the ILWU, said last week 
that negotiations with the P a­
cific Maritime Association 
might resume soon after the 
meeting.

He insisted, however, that 
such bargaining must include 
aU issues, including wages 
and the controversial ques­
tion of whether longshore­
men or Teamsters handle 
containerized shipments.

The 17 members of the 
committee were also expect­
ed to consider an offer by 
Matson Navigation Co. to re­
sume shipping to Hawaii on a  
non-profit basis until t h e  
strike is settled.

Allen C. WUcox Jr., presi­
dent of Matson’s parent firm, 
said the proposal was ad­
vanced because the walkout 
“should not b e  a  strike 
against the people of Hawaii, 
many of whom have been af­
fected drastically b y  the 
strike.”

He suggested federal su­
p e r v i s i o n ,  and said the 
money that might normally 
be a company profit on the 
operation could be channeled 
to aid the Hawaiian economy 
or to a charity organization.

There was a  possibility

that longshoremen might be­
g in  unloading $6 m M oa 
worth of cargo a t three m a­
jor piers in Seattle tomor­
row. The piers are operated 
by the Port of Seattle, which 
is not connected with the 
PMA, the strike target.

Officials of Seattle Local 19 
said some cargo onthepierh 
had already been unloaded 
when the strike began, and 
had been left on the piers be­
cause of good storage rates.

If the shippers agree, they 
said, longshoremen could be­
gin sorting and loading about 
10,000 tons. They added, how­
ever, there would be no car­
go unloaded from ships until 
the strike ends.

Climber’s Body 
Coming Down
MT. McKinley (Alaska) ■— 

(UPI) — A climbing party 
continued the descent of this 
wind-swept peak yesterday 
with the body of a  climlber 
who died after going into a  
coma with altitude sickness.

Stanley P. Jaidinger, 20, of 
Anchorage, was stricken at 
the 17,000 foot level Thurs­
day.

Others in his climbing par­
ty were bringing the l»dy 
down to the 10,000 foot level 
for evacuation by bush pilot 
Don Sheldon, but they wme 
only able to descend about 
1500 feet a  day.

PAIR PLAID TO PARED VELVET
And long live the look.fThe separates suit 

with snug hug of dark green 

rayon velvet aviator jacket. Wool tartan 

skirt tossing pleats this way •

and that. White on white cotton jacquard 

shirt. Every piece, perfection.

By Kasper for Joan lieslie. 6 to 14 sizes 

195.00 Fine E)ress Salon

;SAN JOSE 
Sara County Fair closed last 
|g h t on a note that was fre- 
jently struck during its 

(lay stand—violence, 
crowd of rock-throwing 

people launched a 
- and - bottle attack on 

[temporary sub-station at 
fairgrounds, and all 

lable sheriffs deputies 
^ a n  Jose police respond-

Tleast three deputies 
eated at Valley Medi

3Decial to The Examiner |

ihe Santa .cuts. 10 persons were arrest- !
ed on various charges, and ! 
one male civilian was report- | 
ed stabbed although there I 
was no hospital record for i 
treatment.

It was the fourth night in 
which violence on much the 
same pattern broke out about 
closing time. Deputies said 
there was no a p p a r e n t  
connection between the suc­
cessive incidents, nor could 
they even detect a common

ller for abrasions and cause or srievanee. I. MHONIN MONDAY HOURSt San Francisco 9:30 to 9t00; Oaklaml. Walnut Creek, Ralo Alto, Sania Clara, San Mateo 9:30 to 5:30 SAN t RANCISCO . OAKUNO . WAINUT CRIEK - PAIO ALTO . SANTA CLARA - SAN MATEO • CARtAEi, - FRESNO .SACRAMENT*



How Jackson Escape Failed
Attorney, Woman Sought

Patchy Clouds
Fair through tomorrow but patchy 
tow cloudiness tonight and tomor­
row morning. Slightly wanner to­
day and tomorrow. Westerly winds 
to to 20 mph in afternoons.

Complete report on Page 23

I x a m i t t i e r
LATEST
NEW S

107th Year No. 62 ☆  R SU 1-2424 MONDAY, AUGUST 23, 1971 54 PAGES D A IL Y  15c

Dollar’s Strong Show in Europe
Big Oil Slick 
Threatens

Caution 
As Marts 
Reopen

San Clemente
SAN CLEMENTE — (AP) — A black, sticky 

film of oil covered 300 square miles of ocean off 
Southern California today, fouling parts of some 
beaches and threatening to float ashore on a beach 

ibelow President Nixon’s Western White House.
The slick — believed caused by a refueling mishap be­

tween two Navy ships — was being kept under surveillance 
by lielicopters but the Coast Guard, hoping the oil would 

L drift out to sea, said it was taking no other action immedi- 
[ately such as installing oil booms to protect marines and 

arburs.

RFK Jr,, 17, 
\Arrested for 
Loitering

LONDON — (AP) — 
The U.S. dollar showed 
unexpected strength to-

t i

Toy Pistols 
Found on Kin

Jackson^s
Visitors

HYANNIS (Mass.) — (API 
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.. 17, 

second oldest son of the late 
New York senator, was ar­
rested yesterday on a charge 
of ' ‘sauntering and loiter­
ing,” Police Chief Albert 
Hinckley said today.

"What the charge amounts 
to is blocking the path of oth­
ers,” Hinckley said.
, He refused to give .addi­
tional details but said Kenne-

ROBERT KEN NEDY JR.
.''Sauntering, loitering”

riy would appear InBarnsta 
ble District Court.

(in Aug. 6. 1970. Kennedy 
and R. Sai-gerit Shriver II 
were charged with being de- 

. linquent by reason of posses­
sion of marijuana. The case, 
Ue$rd in a juvenile session of 
Baifistable District C o u r t  

continued to Sept. 16 this 
year,

Judge Henry L. Murphy 
siM charges against the two 
would be dismissed after the 
continuance period “unless 
ttr^y .have difficulty of some 
kind.”

The oil, 40 miles long and 
extending 15 miles out to sea 
in some places, licked ashore 
yesterday in half-dollar sized 
b l o b s  along a five-mile 
stretch of beach from Doh- 
ney Beach State Park to near 
San Clemente Pier, about 
two miles from the Western 
White House.

Blotches
Swimmers emerged from 

the w a t e r  covered with 
blotches of oil, lifeguards 
said. But there were no other 
effects reported such as sea 
birds being disabled in the 
sticky mess.

The Coast Guard said the 
slick could float ashore on 
other San Clemente beaches 
as well as at beaches and 
marinas from Dana Point 
just north to Oceanside 25 
miles to the south.

The Navy has begun a full 
investigation of the slick, 
consisting of an estimated 
1200 - 1800 gallons of Bunker 
C, a heavy fuel oil used in 
ships.

Carrier’s Wake 
The slick was first report­

ed Saturday by a small - boat 
skipper who reported seeing 
a trail of oil in the wake of 
an aircraft carrier that had 
just carried out a refueling 
operation with a destroyer.

The carrier was first be­
lieved to be the USS Ticon- 
deroga but a Navy spokes­
man denied this though he 
did say the Ticonderoga and 
another carrier, the USS Cor­
al Sea, were operating off the 
coast Friday. The possibility 
the ship was a helicopter car- 
rier such as the USS Oris- 
kany was being looked into, 
the spokesman said.

Headquarters of the Navy 
Air Pacific Forces said that 
when a Navy vessel spills 
any oil, it must be reported. 
There was no indication of 
any such report by the Ticon­
deroga, the Navy spokesman 
said.

(Photo on Page 2)

day as Europe’s foreign 
exchanges opened after a 
week - long s h u t d o w n  
brought on by President 
Nixon’s n e w monetary 
policies. I

While the dollar eased in | 
such European markets as ; 
London, Zurich and. Brussels, 
and turnover was relatively 
minor. Dealers were cautious 
and turnovre was relaively 
light, as some of the experts 
had predicted. Uncertainty 
was the reason.

For the first time in 27 
years, the exchanges were 
operating without an interna­
tionally agreed set of rules. 
This was because the dollar 
had been cut loose from gold, 
and the American currency 
had been the basis of the in­
ternational agreement.

Grading Hesitant 
In London, the pound ster­

ling brought between $2.44 
and $2.46, a cut in the value 
of the American currency of 
about 3 percent. The last 
quotation before President 
Nixon’s action cutting the 
ties between the dollar and 
gold was $2.4194 at the close 
of business Aug. 13.

Dealers said trading was 
quiet and hesitant.

“No one is at all certain 
just where things will go,” 
one dealer said.

Uncertainty about the Eu­
r o p e a n  markets inhibited 
trading on the Tokyo ex­
change. where the market 
closed before the European 
markets opened because of 
the time difference.

Trading was calm, and the 
Bank of Japan bought only 
about $10 million, compared 
to hundreds of millions ab­
sorbed on most days after

—Turn to Page 8, Col. 7

In ‘Dry Run'
Sought

By Larry D. Hatfield
Copyright, 1971,

The San Francisco Examiner

By Ed Montgomery

1 1 1

An elaborate escape plot, engineered by George 
Jackson following a smuggled letter and reply and a 
“dry run” in which San Quentin officials found toy 
pistols on two nephews and a niece of .Jackson, was 
revealed to The Examiner today.

The pistol Jackson used in his escape attempt is being 
carefully checked by Criminal Identification and Investiga­
tion officers in Sacramento, who have reason to believe it 
was part of $4700 worth of weapons purchased in Reno tliree 
years ago.

Marin (bounty authorities are looking for attorney Ste­
ven M. Bingham, 28, and an unnamed 'woman companion 
who they say were George Jackson’s last visitors before

IN  M EM O R Y  OF SLA IN  GUARDS
Flag at entrance to San Quentin flies at half-staff

— Examiner Photo

EXCLUSIVE

Nixon Makes N ew  V iet
Some Big 
Decisions
SAN CLEMENTE — ( AP) 

— Aides say President Nixon 
m a d e  important economic 
decisions during the weekend 
at the Western White House, 
but they aren’t saying what 
the President decided.

IN THIS 
EDITION

28 Die in Floods
PORT ELIZABETH (South 

Africa) — (AP)— At least 28
persons o.re reported to have

1
th e  judge’s decision to died in flooding following two 

continue meant that there i days of rains that swept a 
was no adjudication of guilt I 756-mile stretch of the east- 
ar innocence. He refused to ■ ern cape province and Natal 
make further comment. coasts during the weekend.

Bridge ....................  . ■ • 30
Business ................... 52-53
City Printing ................. 42
Comics ...................... 30-31
Crossword Puzzle ...........31
Death Notices .............  43
Editorial .......................  28
Horoscope .....  30
Movies —  -.............  *24-26
Obituaries ....................  43
Shipping ........................ 53
Sports .......................  45-52
Theaters ..................  24-26
TV-Radio ......................  23
Want Ads ...............  32-4̂
Weather .......................  23
Women Today .............17-22

Associates reported yester­
day that Nixon relayed a 
number of decisions by tele­
phone to Secretary of the 
Treasury John B. Connally in 
Washington. The Treasury 
chief heads the new Cost of 
Living Council that is super­
vising the current 90-day 
wage-price-rent freeze.

There was no immediate 
word as to whether Nixon 
had been rnost involved in 
current controversies — such 
as anti-freeze opposition by 
AFL-CIO President George 
Meany and Democratic Gov, 
Preston Smith of Texas — or 
with the council’s initial ef­
forts to plan restraints ex­
tending beyond the scheduled 
Nov. 12 • expiration of the 
freeze.

Press Secretary Ronald L. 
Ziegler said only that Nixon 
is taking advantage of a 
two-week stay at his ocean- 
side home here to “think 
alone” and do “massive 
reading” on economic mat­
ters. the federal budget and 
his journey to Peking some’ 
time before next May.

Hottest U.S. Town
NEW YORK — (UPI) 

The highest U.S. tempera­
ture yesterday was 106 de­
grees at Philp, S.D. Today’s 

I low was 34 degrees at Sal 
! mon. Idaho.

C risis“ K y

ion’t R u n
SAIGON -  (AP) -V ic e  

President Nguyen Cao Ky’s 
refusal to participate in the 
Oct. 3 presidential election 
plungfP South Vietnam today 
into iii gravest political cri­
sis since the Buddhist upris­
ings ofi0;966.

Ky proposed that he and 
President Nguyen Van Thieu 
both ipsign from office to 
pave tlte way for a new elec­
tion. A  said this was the 
only w #  “to avoid the pros­
pects o f dark days in the his­
tory of fee nation.”

Therelwas no immediate 
commeil from the presiden­
tial pal&e, but political ob­
servers doubted that Thieu 
would a^ ee  to Ky’s propos­
al.

Regrets
The Uls. Embassy, which 

successfully maneuvered Ky 
back on the ballot after Gen. 
Duong Van Minh’s withdraw­
al from the race left Thieu 
unoppose(^ issued a .state­
ment saying it regretted the 
vice president’s decision.

Radio Hanoi said the Su­
preme Cdurt’s r e v e r s a l  
putting KjI  back on the ballot 
was a  “farce ordered by 
President iRixon in a  vain at­
tempt to give the appearance 
of legality’i  election.

Despite Ky’s refusal to 
campaign, his name will ap­
pear on thel ballot in accord­
ance with the election law’s 
provision tlikt “candidates do 
not have t |e  right to with­
draw” after the Supreme 
Court’s final posting 'U :h,' 
election list.

Ky said the ,S u p r e m e

Saturday’s bloody escape attempt in which three guards 
and three inmatesjwere killed.

Bingham — who represented three men charged with 
assault on peace‘officers in April following a near riot in a 
San Francisco courtroom where a  hearing was under way 
for the Soledad Brothers — is being sought along with his 
female companion only for questioning, it was learned. No 
warrants have been issued.

The woman is reported to be connected with a female 
East Bay attorney. Bingham and the woman were the last 
visitors to see Jackson shortly before he shot and killed one 
guard with a 9-mm Spanish Lama pistol.

Bingham is a 1969 graduate of Boalt Law School at tlie 
University of California in Berkeley. He passed the Califor­
nia Bar exam in 1970 and a roster of California attorneys 
shows his address as 2229 4th Street, Berkeley.

He has worked with the
Berkeley Neighborhood Le­
gal Service and has been 
identified as a legal counsel 
for the Red Family Com­
mune which included Tom 
Hayden and other radicals.

He was arrested at a UC 
sit-in in Berkeley on October 
14, 1968.

Elaborate Plot
Authorities told the Exam­

iner of the elaborate escape 
plot in which a former cell­
mate of Jackson wrote a let­
ter offering to help Jackson 
escape.

The letter was smuggled 
into San Quentin by a mem­
ber of the Soledad Brothers

legal defense team. Jackson 
answered on the back of the 
letter, which was smuggled 
out of the prison by the same 
member of the defense team, 
the officials said.

The letter was returned to 
Jackson’s former cellmate 
who left it, with the envelope, 
in the back pocket of his 
trousers.

Letter to Cleaners
Subsequently, a w o m a n  

with whom Jackson’s former 
cellmate was living in San 
Jose, took the pants to be

A young Oakland attor­
ney and an unnamed fe­
male companion who vis­
ited Soledad B r o t h e r  
George Jackson moments 
before his death w e r e  
sought today for question­
ing in the savage escape 
attempt at San Quentin 
Saturday which left Jack- 
son, three prison guards 
and two other inmates 
dead.

Authorities, who have not 
issued any warrants in the 
case, said they want to ques­
tion Stephen Mitchell Bing­
ham. 28 year old grandson of 
the late Clonnecticut Governor 
a n d  U.S. Senator Hiram 
Bingham.

He and the woman were 
Jackson’s last visitors before 
the bloody escape attempt, 
authorities said. They said 
Jackson was “clean” — with­
out weapons — when he went 
into the visit but was carry­
ing an automatic pistol when 
he returned from it.

“Bingham, A 1969 Boalt 
Law School graduate and 
once married into the social­
ite Spreckels family, was at­
torney for three men accused 
of assaulting police at a  Sole­
dad Brothers hearing in San 
Francisco in April. He also 
has been active in Berkeley’s 
radical movement, authori­
ties said.

His woman companion was 
not identified except it was 
believed she was connected 
with a female East Bay at­
torney, authorities said.

Officials also were probing 
an alleged “dry run” of Sat­
urday’s escape try, said to

- Turn to Page 4, Col. 5

-Turn to Page 4, Col. 1 1

Bernadette Gives

‘Illegales^ 
Flood Over 
V, S, Border

Birth to Daughter

-Tmn to Page 19, Col.

BELFAST -  (AP) — Bern­
adette Devlin, 24 - year - old 
member of Parliament from 
Northern Ireland and fire­
brand civil rights campaign­
er, gave birth to a daughter 
today in Magherafelt Hospi­
tal in County Londonderry.

i'lie unwed mother and the 
child were reported well al­
though the birth had not been 
expected for another month. 

Miss Devlin’s past week of

day and night political meet­
ings, whipping up civil dis­
obedience to Northern Ire­
land’s government in the cur­
rent wave of violence, may 
have affected her.

She was rushed 12 miles 
from her home at Cookstown, 
County Tyrone, to the hosju- 
tal.

Miss DevUn announced five 
weeks ago that she was preg­
nant but refused to name the 
father.

Turn to Page 3

Stocks Stage
Broad Rally

Examiner News Services

NEW Y O R K  — Stock 
prices moved broadly and 
sharply higher today on the 
New York Stock Exchange. 
The Dow Jones average of 30 
industrial stocks w a s  up 
more than 6 points in early 
trading.

Gains ran through steels, 
aircrafts, oils, buildinpnate- 
rials and drugs, Mail-order 
and retail stocks were lower.



I*aqe Mon., Aug. 23, 1971

Wallace Sure 
He Can Tie Up 
1972 Election
WASHINGTON -  (AP) -  

Gov. George C. Wallace says 
he thinks he will have an ex­
cellent chance if he runs for 
president again next year 
and “the least we could do is 
tie up the election to deter­
mine w ho  would become 
president.”

Wallace, stiU noncommittal 
on whether he will run, said

ing the Nixon administration 
and the federal courts on 
busing.

Reepatedy he has said 
the president has come out 
against busing and “I’m 
trying to help him carry out 
his wishes.”

Vice President Spiro T. Ag- 
new said, however, on anoth­
er TV program, he believes

yesterday on a TV program | has misinterpreted
that “one way to make me | ^jixon’s view on busing.
run or consider running more 
so” is for the Nixon adminis­
tration to allom massive bus­
ing of pupils to continue in 
the nation’s schools with the 
aim of achieving racial bal­
ance.

The governor carried five 
states as a third party candi­
date in the 1968 presidential 
election.
. .Asked about the possibility 
of a  Black running mate 
should he enter the presiden­
tial race, Wallace said he 
w o u l d  “consider anybody 
who wants to run on my tic­
ket . . . that means red, 
black, yellow or white.”

He said he plans to issue 
more anti-busing orders for 
.Alabama schools similar to 
those he has handed down in 
the past two weeks challeng-

Skyjack of
Airplane
Prevented
CAIRO -  (UPI) -  A So-

Nixon, Agnew said, “has 
always said he is against 
busing purely to achieve ra­
cial balance and particularly 
where it interferes with the 
neighborhood school concept. 
He has also always said that 
he will support the Constitu­
tion and obey the law as in­
terpreted by the Supreme 
Coiut.”

That is exactly what Nixon 
is doing, Agnew said, “but he 
is making sure that an ex­
cess of bureaucratic zealotry 
does not carry the court’s in­
struction beyond the point 
necessary, and he has issued 
h i s edict that while the 
court’s edicts will be carried 
out, nonetheless they will not 
be expanded upon by the ex­
ecutive branch.”

5 Manson 
People Held 
In Gun Theft
HAWTHORNE — (AP) -  

Police say five persons cap­
tured with 140 stolen rifles

W-.-.. • -w ■" .-s. *. „

Pretty Slickers
On Doheny Beach, about 15 miles 
from San Clemente, Maureen Malone 
and Linda Romano play catch with 
gobs of some of the oil goo washed up 
on a vast area of Southern California

shoreline yesterday. The slick threat­
ens the beach below President Nixon's 
Western White House. Officials are 
not certain what caused the spread 
but an investigation is under way.

AM A Warning

mall student attempted to i gjjjj pistols after a gun battle

Liquid Silicone 
Injections Deadly

skyjack a United Arab Air­
lines Soviet - made IL18 with |
90 passengers aboard to Is- 1 
rael yesterday but was over- j 
powered by the p l a n e ’s 
armed guai'ds, the semioffi­
cial A1 Ahram new.spaper 
said today.

It was the first attempt on 
record to skyjack an Arab 
airliner to Israel, political 
soui’ces said, although sever­
al attempts were made in the 
past to skyjack Israeli 
planes to Arab countries.

A1 Ahram identified the 
would-be skyjacker as 
Khaled Mohammed Farag, 
who had come to Egypt two 
weeks earlier.

It did not explEiin his mo­
tive.

'I'he plane had left Cairo at 
6 a.m. yesterday on a sched­
uled flight to Amman. .Ior­
dan.

Farag began to  berate 
Egypt and boasted he was 
carrying a weapon and would 
divert the plane to Israel.

H e was overheard, the 
newpaper said, by .Aiwa Ali
■Atwa, one of the plane’s two i during the gun battle 
guards, who attempted to en-1 a. police spokesman said 
gage him in conversation to j yesterday that the five re­
make sure he was carrying a j [used to answer questions, in­
weapon. i eluding what they planned to

were followers of Charles 
Manson.

Officers said three were 
wounded d u r i n g  the 10- 
m i n u t e  shootout Saturday 
night when six persons, one 
armed with a sawed-off shot­
gun, forced three clerks and 
two customers to lie on the 
floor and began loading guns 
into a van parked outside. A 
clerk summoned police with 
a silent alarm

Wounded by shotgun fire 
w e r e  Catherine “ Gypsy” 
Share, 28, and Mary Brun­
ner, 26, of Los Angeles and 
Lawrence Edward Bailey, 21, 
of Tulsa, Okla.

Also arrested were Dennis 
Rice, 29, and Kenneth Como, 
31. Como escaped after he 
was brought to nearby Los 
Angeles from Folsom Prison 
to testify in the current trial 
of Manson in the murder of 
musician Gary Hinman.

Manson and three women 
members of his hippie-style 
“family” have been s e n ­
tenced to death for the seven 
Sharon Tate murders in 1969.

A sixth person escaped

C H I C A G O  — (AP) — 
Women w ho  want larger 
breasts should beware of 
haying liquid silicone injec­
tions to achieve them, the 
American Medical Associa­
tion says.

The AMA warning follows 
a report by the U.S. Food 
and D r u g  Administration 
that four deaths have result­
ed from this illegal method 
of breast enlargement.

The AMA said yesterday it 
has received reports that 
physicians are receiving an 
increasing number of pa­
tients suffering from Compli­
cations from liquid silicone 
injections.

The time has come "for a 
full-scale warning to the pub­
lic as well as to the scientific 
community,” the AMA said.

The warning does not ap­
ply to silicone gel implanta­
tions.

Early this summer, the 
AMA said, a woman died in 
Houston, Tex., after liquid 
silicone injections i n her 
breast, and an unlicensed 
practitioner was c h a r g e d

with murder. An autopsy 
showed that silicone had en­
tered the bloodstream and 
lodged in the lungs.

Dr. Marion J. B'inkel of the 
FDA said: “Massive abscess­
es, necessitating surgical re­
moval of the breast. . .have 
followed such infections.”

The material apparently 
reaches the brain as well as 
the lungs on occasion after 
entering the bloodstream, he 
said.

Few physicians are li­
censed to use liquid silicone 
and these may use it only as 
an investigational drug for 
purposes other .than breast 
enlargement.

Medical authorities say the 
incidence of liquid silicone 
use is now known because it 
is done illegally by persons 
other than physicians or by 
physicians not ■ authorized- to 
use the substance.

Plastic surgeons are able 
to enlarge women’s breasts 
without complications by the 
implantation of silicone (gel 
— a surgical procedure |h a t 
requires hospitalization.

Parade Ends 
Watts Festival
LOS ANGELES — (AP) — 

A crowd estimated at 30,000 
lined the streets of the Watts 
district yesterday to watch a 
parade marking the final day 
of the Watts Summer Festi­
val.

The five-day annual festi­
val celebrates progress made 
since riots devastated the 
predominantly black area in 
1965.

The parade, led by Grand 
Marshall Sammy Davis Jr., 
included floats celebrating 
b l a c k  h i s t o r y ,  bands, 
equestrian teams and com­
munity group

For Next Year

Draft Tests Will 
Resume on Sept. 1

WASHINGTON — (AP) — 
Draft boards have been told 
to start calling up for physi­
cal and mental exams Sept. 1 
men who drew numbers 1 
through 50 in the last lottery.

Draft Director Curtis W. 
Tarr said in an interview he 
ordered the testing to take 
advantage of the partial lull 
at induction centers while the 
actual drafting of men is sus­
pended.

He said it is in line with 
Selective Service efforts to 
examine men as far ahead of 
their potential callup dates 
as possible so they can plan 
their futures.

Action Waited
Normal inductions can’t re- 

s u m t  until Congress ap­
proves t h e  draft-extension 
bill. The Senate takes up the 
House-passed legislation 
Sept. 13.

Agne w Not 
Worried 
About 1972
WASHINGTON — (AP) — 

Vice President Spiro T. Ag­
new says he is not worried 
about speculation that Secre­
tary of the Treasury John B. 
Connally might replace him 
as President Nixon’s run- 
ningmate in 1972.

“Realistically,” Agnew 
said ye.sterday in a TV inter­
view, “I think many things 
would have to happen oefore 
I would become concerned 
about the possibility of a per­
son of the other party receiv­
ing the nomination for vice 
president in my party.” 

Agnew said Connally “has 
been a tremendous asset to 
this administration. 1 think 
he is one of the most capable 
Cabinet people 1 have ever 
observed.”

Of New York Mayor John 
Lindsay’s move to the Demo­
cratic party, Agnew said the 
Republicans might “get a 
few switches in our direc­
tion.”

“If we get a bill passed by 
Oct. 1 we can start inducting 
men by Oct. 15,” Tarr said. 
“But there’s no way of pre­
dicting numbers. I have no 
idea how many will be 
called.”

The major stumbling block 
is a proposal by Senate- 
Democratic Leader M i k e  
Mansfield of Montana to set 
a nine-month deadline for 
getting U.S. forces out of 
V i e t n a m .  An agreement 
worked out by a conference 
committee knocked out the 
deadline, but Mansfield has 
said he wants it restored in 
the final Senate version.

Filibuster
Sens. Mike Gravel 

(D-Alaska) and Mark Hat­
field (R-Ore.) have served 
notice they plan to filibuster 
if attempts are made to pass 
the bill without the restric­
tion.

The 1971 draft total had 
b e e n  estimated at about
142.000 before the. draft bill 
deadlock. The pending legis­
lation sets a ceiling of 130,000 
in the current fiscal year and
140.000 the following fiscal 
year.

Hiccups Cure 
Ends in Death 
At Saeramento
SACRAMENTO -  (UPI) 

— An off-duty security guard 
faces murder charges in the 
shooting death of a woman 
he reportedly was trying to 
frighten out of an attack of 
hiccups.

Police said yesterday that 
Ralph D. Booker, 31, Garden- 
land, a d m i t t e d  shooting 
Diane Goad, 21, in his apart­
ment early Saturday. She 
was struck by a bullet in the 
forehead.

Detectives said they were 
told by a witness that Booker 
pulled out his .38-caliber pis­
tol in an effort to scare Miss 
Goad, who was suffering a 
seizure of hiccups, and the 
weapon discharged.

Ted Must 
Run  ̂Says 
Magazine
WASHINGTON — (UPI) 

Sen. Edward Kennedy 
(D-Mass.) must run for the 
presidency next year or he 
will lose the liberal wing of 
the Democratic Party to l^ w  
York Mayor John lindsay, 
according to a Republican 
Party weekly called Monday.

The publication of the Re­
publican National Committee 
also predicted L i n d s a y ’s 
switch from the GOP to the 
Democrats had doomed, the 
hopes of Sen. George 
McGovern (D-S.D.), the only 
declared presidential candi­
date.

“T h e  party switch and 
presidential a m b i t i o n s  of 
John Lindsay place Edward 
Kennedy at the Rubicon of 
h i s  political career,” the 
magazine said.

“Kennedy can cross that 
Rubicon and run for the pres­
idency, or hold back and 
match a renegade Republican 
seize the leadership of the 
liberal-left political m o v e ­
ment he inherited from his 
brother R o b e r t .  As for 
George McGovern, Lindsay’s 
arrival dooms his candida­
cy.”

Monday said Kennedy has 
been the “unrivaled national 
voice and leader of the po­
tent left wing of the Demo­
cratic party” and that -his 
Democratic challengers. — 
Sens. Fred Harris (Okla,). 
Birch Bayh (Ind.), Harold 
H u g h e s  (Iowa), William 
Proxmire (Wis.) and McGov­
ern — had not been abje to 
push Kennedy aside.

But, said the article, “that 
is all changed now. For John 
Lindsay, despite bis proven 
incompetence as an adminis­
trator, despite his dismal re­
cord as mayor of the nation’s 
largest city, is what no other 
left-liberal Democrat, save 
Kennedy, is — a charismatic 
celebrity w i t h  a national 
name. And charisma is the 
name of the game on the 
American left.”

What’s the Score?
For latest sports results 
dial Telescore, EX 7-1240.

LUTHER By Brumsic Brandon, Jr.

“'I'he .Somali student 
jumped from his seat, how­
ever, and ran to the cockpit 
to ettack the plane’s crew,” 
the new.spaper .said, hut the 
two guards caught him be­
fore he could force his way 
into the cockpit.

When the plant arrived at 
.4mman airport, Farag was 
tiu’ned over to Jordanian au­
thorities. T h e y  questioned 
him and will refer him to 
trial, the newspaper said.

do with the guns 
All were booked for investi­

gation of armed robbery and 
attempted murder.

L.A. Lifeguards Busy
LOS ANGELES -  (AP) — 

Lifeguards rescued m o r e  
than 1000 persons during the 
weekend as h u g e  waves 
laced with riptides churned 
off S o u t h e r n  California 
beache.s.

Begins
The School Year
ATLANTIC BE.ACII. iKla.i 

-  (UPI) .lulie Nixon Eis­
enhower joined the nation'.  ̂
work force today at a pre­
school workshop that sto ted  
the school year for teachers 
at Atlantic Beach elementary 
schools.

Julie will be assigned a 
third grade home room when 
classes start Sept. 7, but for 
the next two weeks she will 
join the other teachers in 
preparing tor the first day of 
classes.

Julie .spent the weekend at 
the Western White llimse in 
.San (.tiemente, Calif,. a final

Atlaiilic Beach Elcnieulary 
a tan, one - story school with 
palm tree.s clustered on the 
front lawn, is four block.' 
from the oceanside apart­
ment where Julie and her 
husband, Ens. David Eisen­
h o w e r .  are living while 
David is assigned to the 
nearby Mayport Naval Sta­
tion.

Julie will leach both third 
and fourth graders, since the 
students are grouped by per­
formance levels, rather than 
by grade, in certain subjects. 

The school, which includes 
ades one through five has

Visit with her parents tiefore approximately 1000 students, 
tattling into her JUfwjob. 12 pi>rcent of them black.

Contra Costa 
Adobe OKd 
As Historical
Nomination of the Joaquin 

Moraga adobe in Orinda for 
inclusion in the national reg­
ister of historical places has 
been approved by the Contra 
Costa County Board of Super­
visors.

Located at 24 .Adobe Lane, 
the structure was built 
ai'ound 1841 by Joaquin Mo­
raga. one of the first non- 
Indian settlers in the area, it 
is now occupied by Donald E. 
Manuel, who endorses the 
project.

The site was marked as a 
state landmark in 1954 by the 
Contra Costa Historical So­
ciety. Recommendation for 
the national honor now will 
be considered by Ihe Calil'or- 
n i a Historical Landmarks 
.Advisory Committee which 
will determine if the nomina­
tion should be senl to Wash­
ington. n.c.

EX AM IN ER  PHONES

Etfilorial 781-2424
Want Ads 777-7777
Advertising 397-5700 
SP Home Dlvry. 397-6200

(For home tfeliveiy in other 
areas see locai airectory)

San Francisco Examiner
Published bii ,

San Francisco Examiner Division 
The Hearst Corporation 

110 Fifth Street
San Francisco, California 9411S 

Phone Sutter 1-2424 
Second Class Postaee Paid 

at San Francisco. California.

CARRIER DELIVERY 
Afternoon and Sunday 

Monthly S4.2S
W e e k ly .........................95

Afternoon Only 
Monthly 
Weekly

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Front Page

George Jaekson may have de­
cided in a desperate moment to 
abort his own San Quentin escape 
plan, authorities believe.

Attorney S t e p h e n  Bingham 
may have agreed to talk with 
authorities about his San Quentin 
visit.

The two surviving “So led  ad 
Brothers” will be brought to a 
court hearing in San Francisco 
today.

The President of the Philippines 
assumed special powers to combat 
what he said was an armed Com­
munist insurrection.

The Big 4 ambassadors ap­
proved a draft agreement to ease 
tensions in Berlin.

The dollar held its own as most 
European money m a r k e t s  re­

opened for the first time since the 
President’s announcements.

.A §6.1 million pay-raise pack­
age for policemen, firemen and 
Muni workers was approved — 
with a big legal “if.”

The Texas attorney general 
ruled that the State must obey 
P r e s i d e n t  Nixon’s wage-price 
freeze.

inside

San Francisco Supervisors gave 
final passage to the new sewer tax 
and to $102.5 million in bond is­
sues. Page 2.

The Board of Permit Appeals 
delayed consideration of a contro­
versial Russian Hill apartment 
house. Page 2.

Seven inmates escaped from the 
“escape proof” San Mateo county 

jail. Page 2.

TOP OF THE NEWS
Alameda county’s welfare chief 

disputed a judge’s contention farm 
work endangers the lives of 400 
women. Page 3.

Entertainer Dean M a r t i n ’s 
daughter testified at the Tate- 
LaBianca murder trial of Charles 
(Tex) Watson. Page 3.

An ode to policemen, “Lonely 
Men in Blue,” was a hot-selling 
record in San Mateo c ou n t y .  
Page 4.

The San Francisco Police Offi­
cers Association called again for 
measures to protect officers while 
on duty. Page 4.

People using a Pacific Heights 
mansion to help drug addicts tan­

gled with their landlord, the Unit­
ed Arab Republic, Page 4.

The Agriculture Department 
had an inspector in the Campbell 
Soup plant when contaminated 
lots were packed. Page 5.

Julie Nixon Elsenhower started 
a two-week planning period at the 
elementary school where she’ll 
teach this fall. Page 6.

The House Interna! Security 
Committee said the Black Panther 
party has never posed a danger 
to government or society. Page 7.

About two thirds of the State’s 
welfare caseload will get bigger

grants despite the President’s 
wage-price freeze. Page 8.

The Cost of Living Council is­
sued more guidelines on putting 
the wage-price freeze into effect. 
Page 8.

Bolivia’s new regime used a 
fighter plane and machine-guns 
to crush large-scale student re­
sistance in La Paz. Page 9.

President Thieu r e p o r t e d l y  
wants South Vietnam’s election 
held on schedule despite Vice 
President Ky’s withdrawal. Page 9.

The court-martial of an Army 
colonel charged with covering up 
murders of civilians at My Lai 
opened. Page 10.

C.S. planes attacked antiair­
craft sites inside North Vietnam 
after an unarmed U.S. reconnais­
sance plane was fired on. Page 10.

'I'lie head of an American med­
ical organization told why she 
took a batch of water beds to 
war-torn Vietnam. Page 12.

Sport's

The Giants held off the Mets, 
5-4, while the A’s won again, 8-2, 
over the Yankees. Page 39.

The NCAA, which ruled against 
Cal and UCLA last weekend, cen­
sured Notre Dame for its athletic 
procedures. Page 39.

Tim Anderson, the No. 1 draft 
choice of the 49ers, signed his con­
tract — with the Toronto Argo­
nauts. Page 39.

Weather

Bay Area: Fair Tuesday except 
for patchy clouds. Highs, 70s to 
low 90s; lows, in the 50s. North- 
w'est winds to 20 m.p.h. Page 30.

107th Year No, 236 H O M E  E D IT IO N T U E SD A Y , A U G U S T  24, 1971 GArfie ld  1-1111 I S  C E N T S

Big Four Agree 
On West Berlin
Envoys O K  

Draft Text 

Of Accord
.y.y. Timrs Service

Berlin
The United States, the 

Soviet Union, Britain and 
France leached an accord 
here yesterday on the 
draft text of an agree­
ment on the future of 
West Berlin.

The a g r e e m e n t was 
sealed with handshakes by 
envoys of the four pow­
ers 16 months and 23 days 
after they had begun nê  
gotiations on improving 
the situation of the divided 
city, long the focus of an 
East-West confrontation.

The draft agreement now 
goes to the four capitals for 
study and approval.

The agreement is expected 
to help open the way toward 
East-West pacts on strategic 
a r m s  limitations, mutual 
troop reductions and closer 
trade ties.

WALL
For the city itself, divided 

administratively since 1948 
and by a Communist-built 
wall since 1961, it means the 
end of an era of bitter East- 
West confrontation.

However, the agreement 
leaves Berlin’s 10-year-old 
wall still standing. East Ber­
liners remain behind it with 
no additional privileges in 
the sense of greater exit 
rights. The city and the coun­
try remain split and the 
agreement does not bring 
them measurably closer to 
reunification except in terms 
of family reunions.

In terms of the foreign pol­
icy of the Soviet Union and, 
later, its East German Com­
munist allies, the d r a f t  
agreement could also mean 
tliat they will no longer use j 
West Berlin and Us vital ac­
cess routes as points for 
pressuring the West.

The announcement of the 
accord was made by the en- 
v o y s  after they emerged 

See Back Page

Dollar Holds Its 
Own in Trading

A.V. Times Service
London

The dollar held its own yesterday as European 
foreign e x c h a n g e  markets reopened for the 
first time since President Nixon’s economic 
pronouncements of August 15.

With the dollar floating in free market con­
ditions to find its own level against all the major 
European currencies except the French franc, 
the levels of depreciation varied little from 
those in last week’s unofficial trading.

'There was no rush to sell dollars, and after 
See Back Page

Board OKs Those 
City Pay Raises

State Ruling 

Seems to Bar 

Texas Raises
.i,i{i(U‘iated Press

Stocks
Advance

New York
The stock market staged a 

strong advance in moderate 
tiadihg yesterday.

The Dow Jones average of 
30 industrials a d v a n c e d  
steadily and closed with a 
gain of 11.47 points at 892.38. 
Trading volume was a mod­
erate total of 13.04 million 
shares.

Details on Page 14.

■iisociaied Pres*

The Board of Supervisors unanimously approved 
$6.1 million in pay raises for policemen, firemen and 
Municipal Railway workers yesterday, with the under­
standing that the city might have to go to court to 

'make them stick.
With hardly any debate, 

the board voted 10 to 0 for 
final approval of the raises, 
which federal officials had 
said last week would violate 
the P r e s i d e n t ’s 90-day 
wage-price freeze.

Yesterday, h o w e v e r ,  a 
spokesman for the regional 
Office of Emergency Prepar­
edness had softened the fed­
eral stand considerably, say­
ing the no-raise ruling was 
by no means final so far as 
the San Francisco city em­
ployees were concerned.

And Mayor Joseph L. Ali- 
oto, after confemng with the 
federal spokesman,urged the 
supervisors in a letter to ap­
prove th e  pay increases, 
even though the courts might 
have to make the “final deci­
sion.”

DELAY
Assistant C i t y  Attorney 

James J. Stark, who advised 
the hoard that because of le­
gal requirements it had to 
act yesterday if it was going 
to grant the raises at all, 
said it might be several 
weeks before the higher pay 
goes into effect.

New payrolls will have to 
See Back Page

Au.stui

Texas Attorney General 
C r a w f o r d  Martin ruled 
yesterday that that State 
must obey P r e s i d e n t  
Nixon’s wage-price freeze.

Governor Preston Smith, 
who defied the freeze and in­
structed agency heads to give 
schoolteachers and State em­
ployees pay raises scheduled 
for September 1. indicated he 
may not be through fighting.

Martin — a long-time polit­
ical foe of the Governor—is­
sued an official opinion that 
held Smith’s proclamation 
had no legal standing.

The man who writes the 
state’s paychecks, comptrol­
ler Robert S. Calvert, said he 
will follow Attorney General 
Martin’s ruling, not the Gov­
ernor’s orders.

An attorney general's opin­
ion in Texas is binding on 
public officials unless over­
ruled by courts.

A J u s t i c e  Department 
spokesman i n Washington 
said that if the raises do not 
go into effect, “ there would 
be no reason to file” a suit to 
block the increases ordered 
by Smith. The department 
said last week it would tile 
suit in an Austin Federal 
court today or tomorrow to 
prevent the raises.

Smith told a news coiifer- 
Sce Back Page

Marcos Says 

Philippines 

In Rebellion
Associated Press

Manila
President Ferdinand E. 

Marcos declared yester­
day that armed Commu­
nist rebels with foreign 
support have infiltrated 
almost every level of 
Philippine society and an 
insuiTection is underway.

To combat it, he said, po­
lice have been empowered 
since Saturday night to ar­
rest without warrants and 
to detain indefinitely with­
out charge. Marcos said 
he would invoke martial 
law if the situation wors­
ens.

The President’s emergency 
proclamation d r e w  bitter 
denunciations from political 
opponents and others who ac­
cused Marcos of trying to si­
lence administration critics.

Military i n t e l l i g e n c e  
sources said more than 20 
persons suspected of leading 
the insurrection have been 
detained since Sunday for 
questionings. The Philippine 
constitution forbids detention 
for more than six hours with­
out charge.

EXPLOSIONS
The President’s announce­

ment came two days after 
explosions ripped a political 
rally in. downtown Manila, 
killing nine persons a n d  
wounding more than 90, in­
cluding most leaders of the 
Liberal party opposing Mar­
cos.

It was the bloodiest single 
incident involving high politi­
cal officials in the republic’s 
history.

Sunday night, three gov­
e r n m e n t  facilities were 
bombed but no one was in­
jured.

In a nationwide radio and 
television address, Marcos 
said it was necessary for the 
nation’s security to suspend 
the privilege of habeas cor-

The Quentin Violence 
— First Inside Account

BERKELEY ATTORNEY STEPHEN M-, B INGHAM  
He may have contacted Marin authorities

Order to Detain 
Lawyer Canceled

By Paul A verv
Berkeley a t t o r n e y  

Stephen Mitchell Bingham 
—sought for questioning 
about Saturday’s bloody 
breakout try at San Quen­
tin Prison—is believed to 
have c o n t a c t e d  Marin 
c o u n t y  authorities, The 
Chronicle learned yester­
day.

This development in the in­
vestigation of the escape at­
tempt in which three guards 
a n d  three inmates were 
killed came to light when it

pus — a writ requiring that a all-points bul
let* for Bingham’s detention 
ha& een canceled.

'lie  b u l l e t i n  ordering 
Bhilham picked up for ques- 
tioipng was issued several 
hi.te;Sj after the breakout at­
tempt. Prison officials, piec­
ing .'together the sequence of 
events, determined Bingham 
had visited black convict 
George Jackson minutes be- 
fore j a c k s o n  produced a 
p i s 10 9 from his hair and 
launched the try for free­
dom.

On Sunday morning, the

prisoner be brought before a 
court to decide the legality of 
his detention — for persons 
suspected of participating in 
the rebel movement.

The rebels, he said, using 
innocent-appearing organiza­
tions as fronts, have “suc­
ceeded in infiltrating almost 
every segment of our socie­
ty.”

They follow the teachings 
of Marx, Lenin and Mao, 
Marcos said, and have the 

See Back Page

Robert Kennedy Jr. Arrested
Associated Press

Barnstable, Mass.
Robert F, Kennedy Jr., 17, 

second oldest son of the late 
i New York Senator, was as- 
I sessed .faO in court costs yes- 
I terday in Barnstable Distruct 
! Court after pleading “no con- 
j test’’ to a charge of “saunter­
ring and loitering.”
j it was his second appear- 
’ ance before .fudge Henry I.,

Murphy in little more than 
one year.

Kennedy was arrested at 
about 10:40 p.m. Sunday on 
the charge that Police Cliief 
Albert Hinckley said amount­
ed to “blocking the path of 
others.”

Judge Murphy gave the 
youth one week to pay the 
court costs after Kennedy, 
grandson of the late multi­
millionaire Joseph P. Kenne­

dy, said he] did not have the 
money with him.

Kennedy and a cousin. R. 
Sargent Shfiver III, were 
charged Aug. 4. 1970, with 
being delinquent by reason of 
possession of. marijuana on 
July to ,  1970,

Patrolman Frederick 
Ahearn. a supimer police­
man who made the arrest 
Sunday, told the court that 

See Back Page

pickup order was canceled.
Marin county District At­

torney Bruce Bales c o n- 
firmed it was he who ordered 
the bulletin withdrawn.

He declined to discuss why 
he had taken this action.

But reliable sources hinted 
it was because Bingham, 
scion of a socially prominent 
and politically powerful Con­
necticut family, had gotten 
word to Bales that at some 
point he would come forward 
and talk.

COMMENT
Bales h i m s e l f  lent cre­

dence to this suggestion by 
commenting “I believe Mr. 
Bingham will make himself 
available to me in regard to 
this matter.”

Bingham. 29. a 1964 hon­
ors graduate of Yale Univer­
sity w ho  two years ago 
earned a law degree from 
the University of California, 
has not been seen s i n c e  
about 2:35 p.m. Saturday.

San Quentin officials said it 
was at that hour that Bing­
ham left the visiting room, 
where he had conferred with 
Jackson, and d r o v e  away 
from the prison in the com­
pany of a woman.

Authorities refused to re­
veal the identity of the wom­
an, who had signed the pris­
on logbook when she entered 
through the main gate, but, 
The Chronicle learned, her 
last name is Anderson.

One San Quentin source 
said the woman had request- j 
ed that she, too, be allowed 
to visit J a c k s o n ,  but w as; 
denied access to him.

While authorities repeated 
that they wish to talk with ;

See Back Page ‘

What Happened During 

The Bloody Incident 

-Officials' Story
By Tirrt Findley

Coeytish t 1971 I'hs CkronieU P ublishins Co.

San Quentin authorities believe George Jackson 
decided in a desperate instant Saturday to alter an 
elaborate plan for a mass escape from the prison’s 
adjustment center.

“We’ve got to do it now!” reliable sources yester­
day reported Jackson as shouting to the other inmates 
seconds after he pulled a 
small gun from his hair and 
got the drop on three cor­
rectional officers.

Detailed information on the 
bloody incident came to light 
yesterday as The Chronicle 
was able to compile the first 
complete version of w h a t  
happened according to prison 
officials.

GUN
The gun used in it, a9-mm. 

automatic with its grip han­
dles removed, was believed 
to have been smuggled in to 
Jackson in a hollowed-out 
tape recorder.

The Chronicle also learned 
yesterday that a bottle con­
taining a small quantity of 
e x p l o s i v e  substance was 
found on Jackson’s body and 
that more of the explosive as 
well as a small variety of 
bullets were found hidden in 
adjustment center cells.

A search had been on for 
Berkeley attorney Stephen 
Bingham, whom authorities 
wish to question about cir­
cumstances surrounding de­
livery of the weapon. Early 
Sunday, however, an all- 
points bulletin for liis deten­
tion was canceled because he 
may have already contacted 
Marin county authorities,

Bingham, prison officials 
said, arrived at San Quentin 
about 2 p.m. Saturday with 
a young woman assistant j 
who was carrying a brief- j 
case. '

DETECTOR !
The young woman, told she j 

could not go into the closely 1 
w a t c h e d  separate visiting 
room used for “dangerous” 
inmates, handed th e  brief­
case to Bingham.

As the young attorney went 
through a metal detector, the 
machine registered — appar­
ently from some metal in the 
briefcase.

An officer opened the brief­
case and found a portable 
casette tape recorder, a tool 
that attorneys frequently use 
in interviewing clients.

As is customary procedure, 
the officer opened the bat­
tery case of the tape record- 

to determine if it was 
functional.

All seemed normal, but au­
thorities b e l i e v e  working 
parts had been taken out of 
the machine, and the gun ’ 
concealed in the body of the , 
case itself.

.Jackson had, as usual, been ^
See Back Page

2 Surviving 

'Brothers^ in 

Court Today
The two s u r v i v i n g  

“S 01 e d a d Brothers” — 
John C l u t c h e t t e  and 
Fleeta Drumgo — will be 
brought into a San Fran­
cisco courtroom today as 
a result of dramatic and 
nearly frantic appeals by 
their lawyers.

Superior Court Judge Carl 
Allen, after several attempts 
to continue the matter, final­
ly issued yesterday an order 
for the two inmates and pris­
on officials to appear at a 
hearing in his court at 9:30 
a.m. today to show cause 
why they didn’t appear yes­
terday.

A spokesman in the war­
den’s office at San Quehtin 
Prison said the two prisoners 
will be taken to the Hall of 
Justice under heavy guard, 
at the appointed time.

HEARING
The “ Soledad Brothers” 

were scheduled to appear 
yesterday morning f o r  a 
hearing on their attorney’s 
challenge to the qualifica­
tions of Superior Court Judge 
Frank Shaw to preside over 
their murder trial. They are 
accused of the slaying of a 
Soledad prison guard.

Court officials apparently 
expected the matter would 
be delayed because of the 
bloody escape attempt at San 
Quentin on Saturday that left 
George Jackson, third of the 
“Soledad Brothers,” dead.

Prosecutor Ed Barnes of 
See Back Page

Index
Comics ................  48
Deaths ................  29
Entertainment.... 35
Finance............  44
TV-Radio ............  34
Vital Statistics . . . .  30
Weather ..............  30
Women's News . , . . 13

©Cht.nitl. PublUhint C». T»71.



Bond Issues, Too

Supervisors O K  
New Sewer Tax

2  .$ait (£t|r«aklf *  Tues,, Aug, 24, 1971

By  Maitland Zane
The Board of Super­

visors beat down last-ditch 
delaying tactics from the ir 
most conservative mem­
ber, John J . Barbagelata, 
and gave f . i n a l  passage 
ygs,tei-d»Jii to .; the city’s 
hew ;« e  w,eiv:,tax and to 

m i l U o n  in .bond 
issues. ,

The vote was 9-1. with Su­
pervisor Peter Tamaras ab­

sent.
The increase In the sewer 

service charge is to raise $13 
million for sewer improve­
ments. For several weeks the 
supervisoifs h a v e  debated, 
which iivould be fairer to the 
homeowners — a sewer tax ' 
or an increase in the pi’oper- 
ty tax rate. '

AGREED !
A week ago the supervisors 

agreed that the sewer tax 
would be fairer. The average 
annual water bill, now $40.07, 
would go up $33,10 a year, it 
was estimated.

New Lunch 
Wagons to 
Pay $7500

The Board of Supervisors 
yesterday slapped a $7500 
price tag on the new permit 
you will have to have to go 
into the lunch wagon busi­
ness.

Restaurant o w n e r s  say 
they have been hurt by the 
sandwich trucks.

The 46 present holders of 
lunch tvagon permits will not 
have to pay the stiff new 
$7500 fee which is designed to 
discourage further “prolifer­
ation,” said Supervisor Terry 
Francois.

However, the present li­
cense fee of $35 will go up to 
$144 a year for operators how 
in business.

Barbagelata, who has led 
the fight against the sewer 
tax, claimed yesterday that 
many launderettes, which of 
course a r e  heavy water- 
users, would be driven out of 
business by the tax.

And he asked a delay until 
“we can fix something that 
would be equitable to all con­
cerned.”

Controller Nathan Cooper 
warned, however, that delay­
ing approval would mean the 
expected revenue from the 
sewer charge could not be 
considered in computing next 
year’s property tax rate.

ISSUE
After the 9-1 vote, Barba­

gelata, the West Portal real­
tor, spent a half-hour bad- 
mouthing a $56 million bond 
issue for earthquake - proof­
ing 32 schools.

First the supervisors re­
fused, 8-2, to split off the 
school bonds from three other 
bond issues on the November 
2 ballot despite Barbagela- 
ta ’s claim that only $10 mil­
lion of the $56 million would 
be spent to make the schools 
safer.

He claimed the rest of the 
money would go for rehabili­
tation of schools and for “un­
necessary” portable class­
rooms. If the supervisors ap­
prove the bond issue it would 
“put in jeopardy” the city’s 
appeal against the Federal 
Court’s recent busing order, 
he also claimed.

CHARGED
Superintendent of Schools 

T h o m a s  Shaheen retorted 
that the bond issue was “im­
perative” and “is in the best 
interests of the children of 
San Francisco.” He a l s o  
charged Barbagelata w i t h  
“confusing” school b o n d s  
with the desegregation issue.

The bonds package, given 
final passage by 9-1 vote, also 
includes $34 million for a 
containerized port facility, 
$3.8 million for new Hall of 
Justice courtrooms, and ,$8.5 
million for improvements to 
the city’s fire protection sys­
tem.

Murder Suspect, 6 Others

A Neat San Mateo Mass Escape
A mass escape by seven 

inm ates from  the “escape 
proof” San Mateo County 
Jail was discovered yes­
terday  when a rope was 
spotted dangling from  the 
fourth  floor led.ge of a 
ju ry  room a t the front of 
the county F a h  of Ju.stice.

The immediate prison head 
count that followed disclosed 
a suspected murderer was 
among those missing from 
the jail.

He was Bernard J. Mora, 
36, a Sacramento ex-convict 
who was scheduled to go on 
trial today for the kidnaping 
and murder of 17-year-old 
Charleyce Whalen of Sacra­
mento. Her bullet-torn body 
was found on a lonelv Half

Moon Bay roadinMarchi 
Sheriff’s Captain Donald 

Harnett said sometime t be­
tween 10:30 p.m. Sundayfand 
7:45 a.m. yesterday th^  es­
capers broke a steel plate 
loose from the top of their 
cell block in an older section, 
of the jail and got inti ;̂ the 
jail’s ventilating system.

BARS
They crawled to a shaft 

opening that led to the court­
room section of the Hall of 
Justice, where they managed 
to cut through a protective 
grid work of bars.

Then they climbed down a 
sheet rope to the building’s 
fourth floor, he said.l 

The espapers apparently 
planned to climb down rope,i;

—including the halyard used 
to raise the Hall of Justice 
flag — from a fourth floor 
jury room ledge.

Instead, however. Captain 
Harnett said they inched 
through corridors and 
walked out of the building on 
the ground floor.

‘OUTSIDE HELP’
“I believe they had outside 

help from someone with ma­
chine tools,” he said, ex­
plaining that no hack saw 
fragments were found where 
■ they cut through the ventila­
tor shaft opening bander and 
-an electrical outlet was near­
by.

In addition to Mora, the 
missing inmates are: Mi­

chael D, Loesch, 20; Douglas
V. Lanko, 26; Jack E. Mal- 
lone, 33; Willis J. Dorsey, 27; 
Willie Broussard, 29 a n d  
Douglas L. Sage, 23. All are 
believed to be from San 
Francisco.

Korea Red Cross
Hong Kong

The North Korean Red 
Cross Society has agreed to 
send two representatives to 
the border village of Pan- 
munjom, Thursday, to re­
ceive a letter from its South 
K o r e a n  counterpart, the 
North Korean central news 
agency said yesterday.

I ft eaters

Delay on 
High Rise 
Ruling

By Katph Craih
The B o a r d  of Perm it 

Appeals voted yesterday 
to  delay consideration of a 
controversial Russian Hill 
apartm ent house for two 
weeks, a delay a n g r i l y  
protested by a  group of 
residents.

They left the City Hall 
hearing chamber, however, 
with a promise from board 
member Peter Boudoures.

“You come back two 
weeks from now,” he told the 
residents, “and I ’m sure 
you’re going to be happy.”

The residents, l a r g e l y  
members of the Russian Hill 
Improvement Association, 
had successfully challenged 
plans for a 33 - story apart­
ment house proposed for con­
struction at 1150 Lombard 
street. The City Planning 
Commission denied the build­
ing a site permit, equivalent 
to a building permit.

PROBLEMS
Ronald Pengilly, an attor­

ney for the Kansas City de­
velopers, asked the two - 
week delay “to ascertain if 
it’s possible to work out any­
thing.” He desired, he said, 
to see if problems could be 
worked out "with the City 
Planning Department a n d  
the improvement association.

Both have challenged the 
building because it conflicts 
with the as - yet unadopted 
Urban Design Plan.

The building, say the de­
velopers, complies in all re­
spects with city zoning and 
building codes. Critics con­
tend, however, that its sheer 
bulk — it would be 170 feet 
wide and some 340 feet high 
— would permanently alter 
the entire city skyline and 
adversely affect the Russian 
Hill environment.

Planning Commission pres­
ident Walter Newman ap­
peared at the Board of Per­
mit Appeals to present the 
Planning Department’s case 
against the structure and to 
ask, incidentally, that the ap-' 
peal be held yesterday as 
scheduled,

“It is unprecedented for a 
chairman of a commission to 
come before us,” said Bou­
doures, the board’s outspo­
ken and unpredictable patri­
arch. “Sh why are you'here

Gazing at 
The Red 
Planet

Would-be Bay Area star 
gazers can get the best view 
of Mars in 17 years during 
the next few weekends with 
the help of the San Francisco 
Sidewalk Astronomers.

Although Mars made its 
closest approach to the earth 
last week (and won’t be as 
close again until next centu­
ry). the planet is in abetter 
position for viewing now than 
when it was a bit closer, ac­
cording to John .Dobson of 
the Sidewalk Astronomers.

The group will hold star­
gazing parties for the next 
few weekends—outside San 
Francisco, because at local 
fog. Information about tele­
scope locations can be ob­
tained Friday afternoons by 
calling 567-2063 or 387-5855.

Telescope making classes 
will begin in late September, 
Dobson said, and the organi­
zation will hold .stargazing 
parties throughout the Bay 
Area.

— to influence us with your 
presence?”

Newman got no chance to 
answer as the board voted the , 
delay. The vote was accom-1 
panied by angry shouts of 
“Hear it now!” and “How' 
can you do this?’ And then 
Boudoures gave the group 
his assurance that they’d be 
happier next time. ,

In another action, t h e !  
board reversed itself after i 
hearing the Fire Department | 
reverse itself., on the questionf 
of the future operations of' 
the San Francisco Hebrew^ 
Academy, which had illegal-j 
ly renovated and illegally oc-s 
cupied a pair of flats at766-> 
68 26th avenue.

Rabbi Pinchas Lipner, who 
conferred with Mayor Joseph i 
L. Alioto last week and who 
has accused the city of anti-| 
Semitism in enforcing build# 
ing and fire codes, won thja 
right to use the flats I'oif 
school rooms after a number 
pf safety precautions have 
been met. ^

Policeman Shof
Blackpool, England

Police chief Gerald Rich­
ardson was shot and killedi 
and two policemen wo inded| 
yesterday when they tried to( 
stop a jewel robbery.

Reuter.

r

SLUMBER
BUDS

Warner's sleep 
set springing 
up in the Big 
selection

Liquid soft. Flowing. Moving 
with the slightest breeze. 'War­
ner's complement to your femi­
ninity. Simple yet delicately 
traced with a spiral of buds. 
Blue water in harmony with ex- 
presso. See this way to look 
lovely first at the Emporium, 
Tuniced pajama: S-M-L . . $11 
Fitted waltz gown: S-M-L , . $9 
Coat; S-M-L .............................S11

/'/„■ El I Ling e r i e :  .All 9 B ig  E 
(cri. S e c o n d  Efoor

■Af" ' '  ' ' r ' r

The Emporium. Bo* 3901 S.F.94H9 • Y U 2 -n U
Please send me Warner's Slumber Buds os indicated.

Nom e -
Address _ .. -
City State Zip

Cash Chorge Pieose send charge oppticotion 
P],nsr tiddo% Ui\ m ('.alii, und 'n't lrun^U lax m Sun VTunti- 
•■() Caufra Cnstn and Atamr.dn Counties. .Add 65r hundhua 
t harar outside IT  tone, add 50r m, mdpr.<; under S5.



Cannery Row No Criticism Newhali Attacks ’ A  Candidate

Cans are packed by machine at the Paris, Texas, Campbell Soup plant

Tainted Soup

Intended, 
Says Deiiums
Congreirisman Ron Dei­

iums said in W ashington 
yesterday th a t he did not 

. intend to be critical several 
: weeks ago when he talked 
' about the lack of unity 
’ aniong Berkeley’s radical 
councilmen during a inter- 

: view with the Daily Cali- 
; fornian.

The Democratic radical — 
i who is writing a book on the 
I new coalition politics — said 
: he was just talking philo­
sophically.

: "My remarks were not in-
I tended to be critical of any 
I individual or group of indi- 
I viduals, but rather were di- 
I rected solely to the question 
1 of whether indications of dis- 
I unity among officials elected I by a coalition signaled the 
i end. or breaking up. of the 
i coalition.’’

\ Deiiums said that just as it 
i was necessary in the old poli- 
tics for a relationship to be 

; worked out between the elec- 
j toral base and the elected 
j  representatives, ‘‘so it will 
! be with the new politics.” I

, "The establishment of such I 
: a relationship does not occur |
! immediately, so periods of j 
; disunity are not cause for 
; alarm.”

Alioto on Busing
Scott Newhali, a candi­

date fo r mayor, said yes- 
I te rday  he will sue M ayor 
I Joseph L. Alioto if the 
I m ayor fail.s to enforce the 
I bu.sing laws when schools 
j  open next month.
1 Newhali called a press con- 
I  ference to condemn Alioto 
for a statement made last 
week in which the mayor 
said he would not use the 
city’s police force to "hassel 
young mothers” who refuse 
to let their children be bused 
to schools.

“If, when the schools open, 
the incumbent mayor does 
not discharge his duties un­
der the City Charter (on 
complaints against parents), 
then . . .  I shall personally 
seek a writ of mandate in Su­
perior Court in an attempt to 
force him to exercise those 
duties Which he is sworn to 
perform,” Newhali said.

Alioto said he made the 
statement T h u r s d a y  “to 
calm the fears of a lot of 
young mothers who have 
been calling us at City Hall 
stating that they have been 
threatened with automatic 
jail sentences if they contin­
ue Macefully to dissent from 
the issue of busing.”

"I want to make it perfect­
ly plain that we do not intend 
to divert badly needed police 
power from the fight on hard 
c o r e  criminals to hassel

young mothers who want to 
peacefully dissent on the 
matter oif the order relating 
to school busing,” the mayor 
said.

I Newhali said the mayor’s 
statement gave “aid and 
comfort” and "encouraged’ 
some families who plan to ig­
nore or violate the court- 
ordered method of integrat­
ing the city’s schools.

"Legally the mayor of San 
Francisco has sworn an oath 
to uphold all laws pertaining 
to the city and county of San 
Francisco,” he said, “and 
whether he likes it or not the 
law is that the schools are to 
be integrated.”

N e w h a l i  apologized for 
making such a strong person­
al attack this early in his 
campaign, but he said it was 
necessary because of “the 
double talk coming from City 
Hall.”

A spokesman for the mayor 
said Alioto would stand by 
his statement and would not 
comment on Newhall’s re­
marks.

The spokesman noted, how­
ever, that Alioto did say that 
he could not “support a boy­
cott which is organized in 
such a way that it violates 
the law.”

Says Shaheen 
Should Quit
Fi'ed Selinger, candidate 

for mayor, called yesterday 
for the “im mediate resig­
nation” of Dr. T h o m a s  
Shaheen, superintendent of 
schools.

The young stockbroker told 
a press conference at the 
TowneHouse t h a t  Shaheen 
lias “alienated whole seg­
ments of our community and 
his attempts to administer a 
metropolitan school district 
have failed badly.”

“It is ironic and sad that 
the Board of Education chose 
Dr. Shaheen specifically for 
his alleged skill in effecting a 
smooth and sound integration 
plan.” Selinger said. ‘'Clear- 
iy, he has proven ineffective 
even where we thought he 
was strongest.”

Efforts to reach Shahe^ 
for comment were unavail­
ing.

Selinger also called for cre­
ation of an elected school 
board, r e m o v a l  of the 
“meaningless” busing reso­
lution from the November 
ballot, and resumption of the 
s e a r c h  for an alternative 
m e t h o d  to integrate the 
schools.

“T h i s  busing resolution, 
placed on the ballot by the 
mayor, has no legal bear­
ing,” he said. “It is just a 
political maneuver by the

San Manrista C r̂eBtrk S 
★ * Tues., Aug. 24, 1971

Wind
Ensemble

'i’he California Wind En­
semble, under the direction 
of Michael Wirgler, w i l l  
present a concert at 8 p.m. 
Friday at the Old First Pres­
byterian Church, Van Ness 
a v e n u e  and Sacramento 
street.

mayor to cover up his mis­
takes. it will serve only to 
raise false hopes . . . ” 

Selinger said he had hoped 
the school board could have 
come up with an integration 
plan that did not involve bus­
ing. but did not elaborate on 
how that might be achieved.

“It appears we have to 
have some busing, but it 
need not be wholesale busing 
as in the Horseshoe plan.” 

This, he said, resulted be­
cause the mayor, the board 
and Shaheen had gambled on 
a favorable court decision.

“They gambled, and we 
lost,” Selinger said.

Michele is Well
Zurich

Michele Ann Bushey, 20, of 
Midland, Mich., was in fair 
condition in hospital yester­
day after falling off a train 
Sunday. ^

Heiiter$

Inspector Was at 
Campbell's Plant

Washington
The Department of Agri­

culture said yesterday one 
of its inspectors was in the 
plant when the Campbell 
.‘Soup Co. packed chicken 
vegetable soup contami­
nated wilh botulism to.xin.

O ne .'Vgriculuire official 
said it is too early to specu­
late on the implications of | 
the two incidents for USDA j 
inspection programs. "B u t! 
we’re going to take a look at i 
th isj’ said Richard E. Lyng, j 
assistant secretary for mar-1 
keting and consumer serv -' 
ices. I

Campbell disclosed Sunday 
it had discovered botulism 
toxin in more than 200,000 
cans of chicken vegetable 
soup packed at its Paris, 
I'ex., plant on July 15, and 
had recalled the cans.

Spokesmen at Campbell’s 
Camden, N.J., headquarters 
said the cause hasn’t been 
determined, but the manager 
of the Paris plant indicated 
undercooking is a prime sus- 

'peet.
The h’ood and Drug Admin­

istration determined that un­
dercooking was the cause of 
botulism toxin contamination 
of a supply of vichyssoise 
packed by Bon Vivant of Ne­
wark. N.J.. on May 21. A 
New York man who ate a 
can of the Bon Vivant soup 
died June 30.

Botulism is a poisoning of

the nervous system caused by 
a germ widely distiibuted in 
the soil. It can’t produce its 
poison when exposed to or­
dinary air containing oxygen, 
in canning, high, prolonged 
heat kills the germ, but it 
survives underheating.

Responsibility for inspec­
tion of canned goods in split 
between USDA and FDA. Ag­
riculture is responsible for 
any products containing cer­
tain proportions of meat or 
poultry in the recipe. Federal 
law requires that an inspec­
tor must personally monitor 
the production line while 
such food is being canned.

All other canned goods are 
the Food and Drug Adminis­
tration’s responsibility. FDA 
inspects plants periodically, 
with gaps of years in many 
plants. Bon Vivant, for ex­
ample had not been inspect­
ed for four years.

Agriculture has two inspec­
tors Assigned full time to 
Campbell’s Paris plant. Dr. 
John Spaulding, head of the 
toxicology group in USDA’s 
Consumer a n d  Marketing 
Service, said it would take a 
check of time records to be 
sure the inspector on duty 
was physically present on the 
chicken vegetable production 
line and not elsewhere in the 
plant. “He should have been 
there,” Spaulding said. Offi­
cials declined to identify the 
inspectors.

A^xocifited Prpxs

Four Found Safo 
In the Sierra

North Fork,
Madera county

Two teen-age Fresno boys 
and two Saci'amento men, 
lost on separate fishing ex­
peditions since Saturday in 
the same part of the High 
Sierra, were found safe 
yesterday by search par­
ties.

The Madera county sher­
iff's office said Kirwin Wong. 
1-5, and Victor Yoder, 14, had 
become separated from com- j 
panions while camping with  ̂
a group in Sevenson mead-i 
ow.

•Searchers aided by United

States Army helicopters and 
a bloodhound scoured the 
Hemlock crossing area of the 
San Joaquin river until the 
youths were found at noon.

The s e a r c h  was then 
switched to an area 20 miles 
northeast of North Fork near 
Rattlesnake lakes where the 
two fishermen were reported 
missing.

But sheriff’s deputies said 
the two, Tom Porter. 32, and 
Robert Porter, 30, both of the 
Sacramento area, were found 
in good shape a few hours 
later.

O ur (u irrpxpoudf'til

Sirhan Eviderice Missing

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Los Angeles
Some of the evidence in the 

Robert F. Kennedy assassi­
nation case is missing, it was 
revealed yesterday.

Deputy District Attorney 
Richard W. Hecht made the 
disclosure after a grand jury 
wound up a five • day hear­
ing into allegations of possi­
ble tampering in the Los An­
geles county clerk's office 
with evidence used at Uie Sir­
han B. Sirhan trial.

Sirhan was convicted and 
condemned to death for the 
June 5. 1968, slaying of Sena­
tor Kennedy.

The missing evidence, ac- j 
cording to Hecht, is copies of | 
exhibits introduced during; 
the Sirhan court proceedings, j 
Fie refused to elaborate, b u t ! 
indicated lhal the grand jury i 
may soon issue S  special r e - ; 
poi'l. on its findings in the 
matter.

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6  ^ftn JFrann$c« <£t|r«nidr Tues,, Aug. 24, 1971

Julie Starts School
Orientation 
For a New 
Teacher

A tlantic Beach, Fla.
The school bell-signaled 

the s ta r t  of another year 
for A tlantic Beach Ele­
m entary  School yesterday 
and-Juiie NiJton Eisenhow- 
ei- slipped-into her .seat just 
on time.

The daughter of President 
and Mrs. Nixon joined 31 oth­
er faculty members of this 
school in the northeast Flori­
da oceanfront town in start­
ing a two-week planning pe­
riod. Pupils join them Sep- 
temljer 7.

^ddenly  popped in­
to the library just as we were 
getting ready to start the 
meeting at 8:30,” said Prin­
cipal Ray Bailey. ‘‘She was 
right on time.”

Secret Service agents ac­
companied Mrs. Eisenhower 
to the school but remained in 
cars outside the tan, one - 
story classroom building. Ju­
lie earlier said she did not 
want Secret Service men in 
the classroom with her.

Mrs. Eisenhower, declined 
to hold a news conference or 
consider interviews. She did 
agree to pose for pictures 
with other third grade teach­
ers as they planned play 
court area assignments and 
chose textbooks. Mrs. Eisen­
hower wore a lavender and 
white dress with red belt, 
and white shoes and carried 
a chartreuse bag.

‘Tt was real cute when we 
w e r e  talking about play 
a r e a s , ” another teacher, 
Margaret Holloway, said.  
“She a s k e d  if teachers 
shouldn’t  be d r e s s e d  in 
shorts to get out and play 
with the kids.”

6-Year-Old 

Called 'Cured 
By Lourdes'

Glasgow, Scon»id
Six-year-old F r a n c e s  

B urns w as dying of cancer 
w hen h e r m other took her 
on a  pilgrim age to  the  Ro­
m an Catholic shrine a t 
Lourdes in F rance  th ree 
years  ago..

Medical experts who, gt the 
time warned she had only 
weeks to l i v e  now say 
Frances is completely cured. 
The tumors in her body be­
gan disappearing almost as 
soon as she returned home 
and all traces of the disease 
now are gone. ,

Frances’ m o t h e r ,  Mrs. j 
Deirde Burns, 36, said Pope \ 
Paul VI will be asked to de­
clare the girl’s recovery a 
miracle. Mrs. Burns said the 
Vatican is being petitioned 
by the Lourdes Medical Bu­
reau which i n v e s i g a t e s  
claims of miraculous cures 
by people who have bathed in 
the shrine’s holy waters.

Stuart Mann, a surgeon

San Quentin 
To Censor 
Publications

“She was charming and 
enthusiastic,” s a i d  Tanya 
Roche, a 17 - year teaching 
veteran elected chairman of 
the five third grade teachers. 
“ 1 know she is going to make 
a wonderful teacher.”

“She deserved to be let 
alone,” said Rachel Cohen, 
also a third grade teacher. 
“I ’m real uptight because a 
small group expressed disap­
proval of her teaching as­
signment and got the head­
lines.”

There were cries of special 
treatment when it was an­
nounced early in the summer 
that the President’s daughter

FRANCES BURNS  
Alive and very well

who treated Frances at a 
Glasgow hospital, said her 
recovery “can not be ex­
plained in the light of present 
medical knowledge.”

“ I don’t myself believe in 
the claims for the healing 
powers of the waters of 
Lourdes,” Mann added. “But 
Frances’ recovery can truly 
be described as mii-aculous.” 

Axxoriutfd Press

Reagan Calls If 
Savage, Senseless

Sacram ento
Calling th e  killing of 

three San Quentin guards 
‘‘s a  V a g ê  and jsenseless,’! 
Governor Ronald Reagan 
ordered his adm inistration 
yesterday to  take  “w hat­
ever steps a re  necessary 
to ha lt th e  violence and 
protect the  lives” of both 
officers and i n m a t e s  in 
California prisons.

He said Sahirday.’s escape 
attempt was “the result of 
efforts b y  revolutionary ele­
ments in our society intent 
on extending their religion of 
violence, h a t e  and murder 
to w i t h i n  the walls of our 
prisons.”

He vowed “such efforts — 
to incite violence b e h i n d

prison walls — cannot and 
will not be tolerated,” 

Reagan, in a p r e p a r e d  
statement issued by his of­
fice, said he fully supports 
new get-tough measures an­
nounced by State Corrections 
Director Raymond K. Pro- 
cunier.

United Press

A  Mother's 
Story of 
Prison Visit
“George Jackson came 

by and he bent over and 
blew a  kiss to  me—he said 
s o m e t h i n g  like ‘I  love 
you.’ ”

That was the last time Dor­
is Maxwell, mother of “Sole- 
dad Brother” John Clutch- 
ette, saw her son’s close 
friend and co-defendant. Less 
than an hour later Jackson 
was dead.

Mrs. Maxwell visited her 
son Saturday afternoon at 
San Quentin. She told the 
Chronicle that Jackson, visit­
ing in another room nearby, 
stopped and spoke to her as 
he was taken back to his cell. 
A short time later Clutchette 
was also taken back to the 
adjustment center.

UNUSUAL
Jackson, M r s .  Maxwell 

said, acted “very unusual.” 
Her son even asked him if he 
were “high on something” 
when he stopped fo r 'a  mo­
ment at their visiting room.

And, Mrs. Maxwell said, 
there were at least two other 
things that were unusual — 
first tile officer allowed Jack- 
son to squat down to a low 
wire screen to speak to her 
as he passed.

Then, when an officer at

More Guards 
In Quentin 

Towers
More gun tower guards — 

all sharpshooters — were as­
signed to the walls surround­
ing San Quentin Prison yes­
terday.

Prison officials said the ad­
ditional firepower was an aft­
ermath of Saturday’s bloody 
breakout try.

last told her son it was time 
to go, the officer opened two 
doors at once—one to take 
Clutchette back to his eeU, 
the other to let her out into 
the main visiting room, ata- 
boo procedure in prison.

LONG
Her visit with her son, in 

fact, lasted unusually long, 
Mrs, M a x w e l l  said. “I 
thought maybe they had for­
gotten about us.”

Mrs. Maxwell, her eyes red 
from apparent crying and 
her voice soft, said that de­
spite. the curious events she 
and her son had “a very nice 

visit.”
She was among the last to 

leave the visiting room some­
time around 3 p.m., she said. 
By that time the bloody inci­
dent had begun in the adjust­
ment center. *

An angry  San Quentin 
adm inistra tor said yestei*- 
day th a t so-called revolu­
tionary  publications — ad­
vocating violent acts such 
as “kill the pigs” will be 
cen.sored before convicts 
get to  read  them.

“We’re going to take a 
hard look at such publica­
t i o n s , ” Associate Warden 
James W. L. Park told news­
men, “and if court rulings 
mean we have to censor 
ithem issue by issue then 
we’ll do just that.”

Park, whose angry r  e- 
marks included occasional 
epithets and obscenities, also 
said the prison is going to re­
view and change its policy on 
visits to inmates by attor­
neys.

LAWYERS
“We’re not going to have 

any goddam parade of law­
yers coming in any more,” 
Park said. “Of course we’re 
still going to protect and hon­
or an inmate’s right to coun­
sel . .  . but if he has one at­
torney of record he doesn’t  
need a goddam army of law­
yers running in and out of 
here.”

In the meantime, officials 
in San Quentin also an­
nounced that strict new limi­
tations will be imposed on 
visits to inmates by attor­
ney’s investigators and inter­
views by newsmen.

Only licensed investigators 
will in the future be allowed 
to talk to inmates at random, 
but will not be allowed to in­
terview specific inmates on 
request. The move virtually 
cancels possibilities of inter­
views with inmates directly 
involved in Saturday’s, inci­
dent.

Nobody will be allowed to 
carry a tape recorder into 
prison, officials said.

CHANGES
R a y m o n d  K Procunier, 

director of the State Depart­
ment of Corrections, said he 
is contemplating p o s s i b l e  
changes in the way “revolu­
tionary and incorrigible”, in­
mates are handled in Califor­
nia’s prisons.

But, he emphasized, “this 
in no way means we intend 
to go back to tough, old­
-fashioned methods like those 
^practiced 50 years ago.”
* Revolutionaries are some­
thing new in the state pris­
ons, he continued, “and they 
are presenting a new prob­
lem . . . they are inmates 
who don’t give a damn about 
what happens — even the 
killing of innocent persons — 
as long as it achieves what 
they want . . . publicity and 
support tor their cause.”

Procunier said he is going 
to make an immediate tour 
of all prisons in the state to 
see what individual wardens 
and a d m i n i s trators feel 
about the current situation, 
and what changes should be 
made.

Shortly a f t e r  Saturday’s 
breakout attempt in which 
six men died prison officials 
began speaking out against 
revolutionary and u n d e r ­
g r o u n d  publications and 
urged they be banned alto­
gether.

Warden Park said the rhet­
oric in the radical press “im­
presses the convicts with a 
false feeling of importance 
. . . some of them think the 
vVhole outside world is wait­
ing for them.”

He described revolutionary 
publications as “the kind 
that get their jollies from ad­
vocating ‘kill the pigs.’ ”

He blamed the Saturday vi­
olence on “a lot of bull— 
talk by revolutionaries.”

|iiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiimmmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiitiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiminiHiiiu

I M yste rie s o f the I 
Escape A ttem pt

Even w ith new revela­
tions th a t a  smuggled-in 
gun t o u c h e d  off S atu r­
day’s bloody incident a t 
San Quentin, the question 
of motive r e m a i n e d  in 
doubt.

Authorities at the prison 
have speculated from the cu­
rious discovery of random 

b ul 1 e t s and 
small amounts 
of explosives 
in several ad­
justment cen­
ter cells at the 
prison, t h a t  

some sort of major break 
had been carefully planned, 
but was far from ready.

But, the authorities be­
lieve, something went wrong, 
and George Jackson was 
forced to make a desperate 
attempt at implementing the 
plan prematurely.

It that was the case, how- 
e V e r, observers close to 
Jackson and the prison have 
questioned what specifically 
might have changed his plan.

Jackson has spent seven of 
his 11 prison years in San 
Quentin’s adjustment center. 
He knew better than most in­
mates that a weapon, and 
particularly a gun, would be 
nearly impossible to conceal 
from the c o n s t a n t  skin 
searches he went through.

The 29-year - old inmate 
author was c o n s i d e r e d  
among other radical and mil­
itant convicts as well as 
many sympathizers outside 
the walls to have a brilliant 
mind often given to elabo­
rate, almost military details.

Even prison sources con­
cede that if he made a mis­
take of some sort in planning 
the breakout, it would not 
likely be in assuming he 
would n o t  be thoroughly 
searched.

Assuming Jackson had the 
gun and thought he could get 
through the search, then his 
second unexplainable act is 
questioned.

When alarms went off in 
the prison, Jackson and in­

mate John Larry Spain ran 
out of the adjustment center 
and headed for a wall that, 
even had they reached it, 
would be nearly impossible 
to scale. In any case they 
would still have been in the 
prison compound if they had 
made it over the wall.

Jackson knew both facts. 
His dash under two gun tow­
ers was virtually suicidal.

There was also speculation 
that the original intent of the 
escape plan had been for all 
the adjustment center in­
mates to rush out of the ad­
justment center, seize a gun 
tower as quickly as possible 
and go out the main gate — 
possibly to help waiting out­
side.

But there was no evidence 
of outside help for Jackson 
on Saturday. And in that last 
desperate instant, according 
to officials, only one inmate 
followed Jackson's rush for 
the wall.

Tim Findley

iiiiniiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiifiiii

Murdered Men's Funeral for
Slain Guard 

Tomorrow
Ghastl'y Deaths

T hree guards and two 
convicts m urdered during 
S atu rday’s bloody b reak­
out t ry  a t San Quentin 
Prison had g r u e s o m e 
deaths, a u t o p s y  reports 
made public yesterday re ­
vealed.

The Marin county coroner. 
Dr. Donovan A. Cooke, re­
leased these details of how 
the following persons were 
slain:

•  Correctional Sergeant 
Jere Graham: stabbed twice 
in the chest, twice in the 
stomach; shot once in the 
back of the head by a gun of 
a caliber yet to be deter­
mined,

•  Correctional O f f i c e r  
Frank P. De Leon: slashed 
twice on each side of throat 
with a razor; shot once in the 
back of head; garroted with 
an electrical cord; ankles 
bound together with similar 
cord; stuck in face with a 
blunt object.

•  Correctional O f f i c e r  
Paul Krasenes: three razor 
slashes on left side of neck, 
one long razor slash on right 
side of neck; garroted w ith  
both a strip of-cloth and an 
electrical cord.

•  Inmate John Lynn: gap­
ing “rip” wounds on neck 
and throat, four on the right 
side, two on the left side.

•  Inmate Ronald Kane: 
one deep slash on right side 
of neck which severed an ar­
tery.

Cooke said it appeared all 
the slash wounds “could well 
have been made by one per­
son . . . someone who knew 
where to cut.”

The coroner said the autop­

sy of convict George Jackson 
showed “he died of a single 
gunshot wound which entered 
at a downward angle through 
the top of his head, a t about 
dead center, and which even­
tually exited through the low­
er right back.

“Additionally,” Cooke went 
on, “a bullet fragment was 
found on the inside instep of 
his (Jackson’s) left ankle 
which could or could not 
have been from the bullet 
which entered his head.”

Cooke emphasized that it 
appeared the fatal bullet was 
fired at Jackson from a dis­
tance because of the absence 
of powder burns. The dead 
convict’s family has claimed 
Jackson was murdered by 
guards in his cell and that 
his body was then dragged 
outside into the prison yard.

Angela Says 

"Fascist Bullets"
Angela Davis s a i d  last 

night George Jackson was 
killed by “fascist bullets” 
after his bloody San Quentin 
prison escape attempt Satur­
day.

“For me, George’s death 
has meant the loss of a com­
rade and revolutionary lead­
er, but also the loss of an ir­
retrievable love,” Miss Davis 
said in a statement released 
from her Marin county jail 
cell.

Miss Davis, 27, is charged 
w i t h  murder-lddnap-conspir- 
acy in the Marin Civic Center 
shooting of August, 1970.

W hatis 
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. The first of the funerals for 
the San Quentin slain was ar­
ranged yesterday — that for 
Paul W, Krasenes, 52, the 
22-year veteran correctional 
officer.

The Rosary will be recited 
at 8 o’clock tonight (Tues­
day) at Keaton’s Chapel of 
Marin in Novato.

A Requiem Mass will be 
celebrated at 10:15 a.m. to­
morrow (Wednesday) at Out- 
Lady of Loretto Church in 
Novato, followed by burial in 
Mt. Olivet Cemetery, San Ra­
fael.

T w o other officers ■ and 
three inmates died in the 
abortive break.

Officer Krasenes is sur­
vived by his wife, Frances; 
three daughters, Sheryl of 
Petaluma and Elizabeth and 
Lorraine of Novato, and his 
father, WilUam Krasenes of 
Los Gatos.

Meanwhile, Lester Jackson 
Sr. said that his son George 
will be buried In Mt. Vernon, 
111., alongside Jonathan Jack- 
son, the convict’s 17-year-old 
brother who was killed dur­
ing last year’s gun battle at 
the Marin county civic cen­
ter.

The father told newsmen 
he b o u g h t  a grave “for 
George and myself” while 
visiting the site two weeks 
ago on the August 7 anniver­
sary of Jonathan’s death.

“I knew things hadn’t been 
going well for George, so I 
made this arrangement,” he 
said.

GEO, A  OICKEl & CO., 86.8 PROOF. TUtLAHOMA, lENNESEtE '



Tues., Aug. 24, 1971 § m  JTranffew C^wnidf 11

rouTicAL AoviRmme<T ».ol.t ic a ia d v iw >sem e n t . POUTtCAl ADVERHSEMfNT POim CAl ADV»T1S£M6WT

HAVE MORALITY AND HUMANISM 
BEEN BANISHED FROM 

CITY HALL?
Late last week the incumbent Mayor of San 

Francisco displayed such an outrageous and po­
tentially dangerous dereliction of both his legal 
and moral duties that it cannot pass unchallenged.

I am making specific reference to his press 
conference of last Wednesday, when he discussed 
his official reaction to those citizen groups which 
have openly announced their defiance of Federal 
Judge Weigel’s order that the city’s schools be 
integrated forthwith.

The role of a Chief Executive in any city 
must be essentially one of understanding and con­
sideration for all members of his community. 
Aside from his various legal responsibilities, an 
effective Mayor has a far-reaching role of leader­
ship wherein he must forget his own personal 
likes and dislikes, tastes or distastes, and must do 
his utmost to find a common meeting ground for 
all the citizens.

Instead of pursuing the role, of leadership or 
conciliator, San Francisco’s incumbent Mayor last 
Wednesday saw fit, actually, to inflame further an 
already divided community. Either overtly or by 
implication he encouraged a number of San Fran­
ciscans to disobey the law of the land as it now 
applies to San Francisco’s school system.

This discussion is not primarily concerned 
with the rights or wrongs of integration or busing. 
It is concerned with the behavior of a man elected 
by his fellow citizens to administer the affairs of 
our city.

The incumbent Mayor began his press cotifer- 
ence with a politically transparent and contradic­
tory prologue, and then excoriated the Board of 
Education for advising a number of sincerely pon- 
cerned parents as to the true legal status of San 
Francisco’s school integration program.

The Board of Education, which in the past 
has requested a postponement of Judge Weigel’s 
order, is now simply trying to establish a plan 
whereby the law as it now stands can be satisfied.

Here are some examples of what I mean.
In giving aid and comfort to those San Fran­

cisco parents who have stated openly that they 
will refuse to comply with the Board of Educa­
tion’s program and will keep their children out of 
school, the city’s Chief Executive officer stated;

“ I want to  m ake it very, very p la in  we 
do n ot in tend  to divert badly n eed ed  p o lice  
pow er from  the figh t on  hardcore crim i­
nals to  hassle yonng m others w ho want to  
p eacefu lly  d issen t, and I em phasize p eace­
fu l d issent, in  the  m atter o f  the oi'der relat­
ed  to school b u sin g .”

The incumbent Mayor’s continual confusion 
over the terms “ dissent,” “ non-violence” and 
“violation of laws” was so muddled as to render 
his remarks almost meaningless. Nevertheless he 
was saying here, at least by implication, that, de­
spite the state’s compulsory school laws, he will 
not use San Francisco’s police force to support 
those same laws.

Later on, the incumbent Mayor accused the 
Board of Education of frightening improperly 
those parents who have telephoned the Board for 
clarification of the present integration plan. He 
said;

“ Also, I want to say to those who are do ing  
the frigh ten ing that they betray a little  
nervousness about the justification  o f  their  
position  by the fact that they have to  
threaten young m others . . .  with autom atic 
ja il sentences . . .  The young lad ies am ong  
others have to ld  m e that, when they called  
the School Board to ask what will happen if  
they do not send  their ch ildren  to school 
but engage in  no other act o f  vio lence, 
they are being  told  there are penal penal­
ties attached to the m atter.”

I would like to quote two sections from the 
California State Education Code;

SECTION 1 2 1 0 1 . C h ild ren  betw een  ages o f  6 
a n d  16 years . E ach  p erso n  betw een th e  ages o f  6 
a n d  16  years n o t exem p ted  u n d e r  th e  provisions o f  
th is  c h a p te r  is su b jec t to  com pulsory  lu ll-tim e e d u ­
ca tion . E a ch  p erso n  sitb jec t to  com pulsory  full-tim e 
ed u c a tio n  a n d  each  p erso n  su b jec t to  com pulsory  
co n tin u a tio n  educa tio h  . . .  sha ll a tte n d  th e  pub lic  
f u ll - t im e  d a y  s c h o o l jo r  c o n t in u a t io n  s c h o o l o r  
classes fo r  th e  fu ll tim ^ fo r  w hich  th e  p u b lic  schools 
o f  th e  city , c ity  a n d  cou n ty , o r  schoo l d is tr ic t in  
w hich  th e  p n p il lives a re  in  session a n d  ea ch  p a re n t , 
g u a rd ia n , o r  o th e r  pe rso n  having  c o n tro l o r  ch a rg e  
o f  su ch  p u p il shall sen d  th e  p u p il to  th e  p u b lic  fu ll­
tim e day  schoo l o r  co n tin u a tio n  schoo l o r  
cl as ses . . . .

The penalties are|provided for in a later sec­
tion: 5

SECTION 1 2 4 5 4 . P enaltie s  aga in st p a ren ts  
Any p a re n t , g u a rd ian  o r  o th e r  p e rso n  having  co n ­
tro l o r  c h a rg e  o f  any  p u p il who fails to  com ply  w ith 
th e  p rovision  o f  th is  c h a p te r , un less  excused  o r  
exem p ted  th e re fro m , is gu ilty  o f  a  m isdem eano r, 
a n d  shall b e  p u n ish ed  as follows:
(1) U pon  a firs t conviction  by  a  fine  o f  n o t m ore  

th a n  tw enty-five dollars ($25) o r  by  im prison ­
m e n t in  th e  coun ty  ja il fo r  a  jic rio d  o f  lio t m o re  
th a n  five days.

(2) U pon  a second  o r  su b se q u en t conv iction , by  a 
fine  o f  n o t less th a n  twenty-five d o llars  ($25) o r  
m o re  th a n  two h u n d re d  fifty  d o llars  ($250 ), by  
im prisonm en t in  th e  coun ty  ja il  fo r  a p e rio d  o f 
n o t less th a n  five days o r  m o re  th a n  2 5  days, o r  
by  b o th  su ch  fine  an d  im prisonm en t.

With these two crystal-clear sections in the 
Education Code, the Board of Education would 
be remiss indeed if it did riot advise the parents, 
who may be plam^ng to defy Judge Weigel’s 
court order, that they were subjecting themselves 
to potential penaltie.^

Perhaps the mosl^amazing statement that was 
uttered during the inpumbent Mayor’s press con­
ference was the follov^ng. He said;

“ I do not know the law su ffic ien tly  to  d e­
term ine w hether, for exam ple, i f  you  went 
to  a young m other and said , ‘We want to  
take your six-year-old d aughter over to  
H a ig h t  S tr e e t  to  ^ sc h o o l,’ y o u  k n o w  it  
d o e s n ’t m a tte r  w h e th e r  H a ig h t  S tr e e t  
m ight b e  the  safest schoo l in  town at the  
m om ent, b ut she has certain  feelin gs about 
H aight Street and drug traffic, and i f  that 
young m other said , ‘I am  n ot go ing  to send  
m y six-year-old daughter to H aight S treet,’ 
I’m  not so  sure there’s b een  a violation o f  
the  law. I just don ’t know .”

To begin with, unless such a parent sends her 
child to a private school elsewhere or moves from 
the city, she will be in a clear violation if she 
keeps her youngster at home in wilful disobedi­
ence of the compulsory education law. Secondly, 
this is possibly the first time in my knowledge 
that our incumbent Mayor has ever suggested, 
even in a whisper, tha  ̂there was some aspect of 
the legal profession with which he was not entire­
ly familiar. His admitted ignorance of the provi­
sions of the Education Code is particularly inter­
esting in view of the fact that he himself has ser­
ved on the Board of Education.

I could go on and on dissecting various state­
ments made during the melancholy press confer­
ence last Wednesday in the incumbent Mayor’s 
office. But it is not really necessary.

What is really important is the fact that the 
Chief Executive officer of the city of San Francis­
co either directly or by implication has given aid, 
comfort, and encouragement to a group of citizens 
who have publicly announced they will ignore the 
law as it applies to this city.

j If you wish to volunteer for campaign work 
1 please send this coupon or telephone EX 8-8888 
1 NEWHALL FOR MAYOR Headquarters 
j 111 Greenwich Street, San Francisco, California 94111

""1
1
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1

r

1 Name: _ 11
I Address: . 1
1 Telephone; 1I1
1 Tvpe of work von can do;
1______ ________ ___ 1

Scott Newholl

Well, I have treated the matter with some 
philosophical moderation to this point. Now I 
think you are entitled to know what my p,\yn, per­
sonal opinion is on this posture of our incumhnet 
Mayor.

In my opinion, this approach to comrnunity 
leadership in a city that is already distraught and 
nervous is completely unconscionable. I think the 
incumbent Mayor’s postition js completely cynical 
and its basic motivation is to seek votes for re- 
election rather than to solve a- serious cultnr^nK 
problem that is affecting San Francisco.

Furthermore, this action by the present Chief 
Executive officer of the city of San Francisco is , 
perilously close to misconduct in office. One of 
the primary duties of a San Francisco Mayor is fo 
“enforce all the laws relating to the municipality.” 
This is spelled out in the City Cliarten

Instead, the incumbent has in effect encour­
aged a violation of laws affecting this city.

Instead of seeking conciliation, the incumbent 
Mayor is turning San Franciscan against San Fran­
ciscan. He is making a bad situation worse and 
this city is indeed ill-served to be treated with 
what amounts to political contempt.

I have studied last Wednesday’s discouraging 
statement in some depth. When San Francisco 
schools go into session, the incmnbent Mayor is 
legally and morally responsible to do everything 
in his power to see that the laws relating to the 
city and county of San Francisco are observed and 
that includes infractions of the crjmpulsory educa­
tion laws.

If, when the schools open, the incumbent 
Mayor does not discharge his duties under the 
City Charter then, on the advice of counsel, I 
shall personally seek a Writ of Mandate in Superi­
or Court in an attempt to force him to exercise 
those duties which he is sworn to perform.

It is time that, in the interest pf ipipiralityi, 
honesty and humanity, someone must stand up 
and say “NO” to many of the things that are hap­
pening today to San Francisco.

Scott Newhall

To support
NEWHALL FOR MAYOR 

please send your contribution to 
SCOTT NEWHALL FOR MAYOR 

Post Office Box 2256 
555 Battery Street 

San P’rancisco 94126

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1 2  f«ii JTrattriK* C^ranidr *  Tue$„ Aug. 24,1971

DONNA SHOR 
A  six-week survey

Vietnam Tour

DR. GEORGE ROTH 
He made trip lasf year

Medical Care for 
Children of War

Hy Julie Sm ith
Donna Shor, a Washing­

ton, D.C., woman, has just 
returned from a tour of 
Vietnam, wh^re she left 
100 pounds of apparently 
frivolous consumer items— 
water beds, to be exact.

But she did not take them 
for the sleeping pleasure of 
Americans in the war-torn 
country. Mrs. Shor, the exec­
utive director of the Commit­
tee of Responsibility, Inc., 
formed in 1966 to save war- 
burned and war-injured Viet­
namese children, left the 
beds at the committee's Sai­
gon House for paraplegic 
children.

Water beds, which were 
originally developed for hos­
pital use, help prevent bed 
sores, boils and heat rash, 
she explained at a press con­
ference yesterday.

SURVEY
Mrs. Shor went to Vietnam 

for a  six-week survey of the 
status , of children in Viet­
namese hospitals and chil­
dren who have been treated 
in this country under the 
committee’s auspices.

A year ago another com­
mittee member. Dr. George 
Both of San Francisco, made 
a similar trip and reported 
on extremely low standards 
of care in Wetnamese hospi­
tals. !?,

“Although there are more 
hospital beds now, the hospi­
tals remain the same primi­
tive condition Dr. Roth docu­
mented,” Mrs. Shor said yes­
terday.

She said that, although the 
civilian casualty rate has de­
clined 20 per .cent in the last 
year, more people now are 
able to move freely in the 
country a s highways ai-e 
opened up again and there­
fore many more persons who 
need treatment are pouring 
into the cities.

‘NIGHTMARE’
Dr. Roth, who also ap­

peared at the press confer­
ence, said that only about 250 
Vietnamese physicians — 
those not in the armed serv­
ices — are available to treat 
the civilian population of 15 
mOhon. “Whatever the com­
mittee does.” he said, “the 
situation will remain a medi­
cal nightmare.”

During her tour, Mrs. Shor

met with the South Vietnam­
ese Minister of Health about 
continuing the committee’s 
program. In past years, she 
said, the health ministry 
tried to block the program 
because it was felt that the 
committee’s work was a po­
litical comment on the war.

Now,  the ministi-y has 
agreed to cooperate with the 
committee, which has al­
ready brought 76 children to 
this country for treatment.

TREATMENT
Another purpose of the trip 

was to lay the groundwork 
for a paraplegic treatment 
facility in Saigon. “We are 
focusing on in-country care, 
now. We feel that this is 
where the need is,” she said.

The new Saigon center 
would provide physical ther­
apy and medical rehabilita­
tion f o r  paraplegics and 
training for their parents in 
how to care for them. It 
would serve as many as 50 
children at a time and would 
cost about $105,000 to start, 
Mrs. Shor said.

The committee of responsi­
bility is made up of physi­
cians, scientists, clergy and 
laymen. I t is incorporated in 
New York as a non-profit, 
non-political, tax-exempt or­
ganization. Its local office is 
at the F irst Congregational 
Church, 432 Mason street.

Doctors Strike
Berlin

Several hundred doctors 
employed' by West Berlin city 
hospitals began a limited 
strike yesterday under the 
slogan “intensive care for 
the patient” to back up de­
mands for better working 
conditions'.

Heutem

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If you suffer from occa­

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Survey of U.S. Mines 

New Figures on Black Lung
W ashington

The Government s a i d  
yesterday it had found evi­
dence of black lung disease 
among 40 per cent of the 
first 4200 coal miners ex­
amined in Pennsylvania 
and West Virginia as part 
of a national survey.

In a report to Congress, the 
Department of Health, Edu­
cation and Welfare also said

28 per cent of 3000 miners ex­
amined in Virginia, Ken­
tucky, Indiana, Ohio, Ala­
bama, Ilhnois, Colorado and 
Utah showed signs of the dis­
abling ailment caused by in­
haling coal dust.

The findings are part of a 
national study to make chest 
X-rays of all of the Nation’s 
coal miners by this faU. The 
e x a m i n a t i o n s  are being 
made under the Federal Coal

Mine Health and Safety Act 
of 1969.

The report said the disease 
rate was highest among men 
at two unidentified Pennsyl­
vania a n t h r a c i t e  mines 
where 59.8 per cent of the 
X.rays were positive. Most of 
the victims, the report said, 
were over 50 years old and 
had worked in the mines for 
30*years or more.

United Press

He Took Them 
With Him

Novi Sad,
Yugoslavia

The mass grave of an early 
iron age man surrounded by 
15 women — believed to be 
his ritually killed harem — 
has been unearthed near 
here, archeologists told a 
news conference yesterday. 
The women were buried in a 
circle around the man.

The grave is thought to 
date from around 1800 B.C. 
and is probably that of a 
tribe chieftain,'tiie archeolo­
gists said. Associated Press

Many Dead, Missing 
In South Africa Floods

Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Flooding over a wide area 
of South Africa’s eastern 
Cape Province left at least 83 
people dead and hundreds 
more missing yesterday.

M a n y  people were left 
homeless and officials were 
considering a mass evacua­
tion of the flooded Gamtoos 
river vaUey, about 30 miles 
from here, after the worst 
storms in 20 years swamped

homes, factories and farm- 1 
lands and cut rail and road i  
links. .

The police figure of 83 dead an 
was based on bodies found, el­
and eyewitness reports o f at, 
people being swept away by it, 
the flood waters. jia

Floodwaters began to sub-i‘®y 
side slowly yesterday with an the 
easing of the rain, but huri-iad 
dreds of homes were stili 
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C o u n t  M a r c o :

Cheers for 
Weddings 

In the Woods
SOME YEAES AGO I m entioned th a t 

wedding gown salons have disappeared like 
the  horse and buggy. So has the wedding cer­
em ony itself.

I  attended a wedding recently w hich was 
absolutely beautiful because of its  simplicity. 

Held outdooi’s in a  wooded a rea  fa r  removed 
from  form al garden limitations, i t  was as re ­
laxing and inspiring as a  concert.

No catered affair, this. Guests brought 
various food offerings, which they  prepared 
themselves, hichiding gigantic loaves of bread. 
Instead of th e  traditional champagne, we 
sipped cider, milk and delicious wine.

Children in the  party  picked fresh  flow- 
e is  for the  bride’s bouquet. No form al roses, 
but wild flowers, dried weeds tied w ith the 
hair ribbon of one of th e  youngsters for 
“som ething borrovC'ed.”

There w asn’t  a  sequin to  be seen on ei­
th e r of th e  m others in attendance. Brides­
maids, iastead of wearing some god-awful 
uniform, wore w hatever they chose.

I ’m happy to  say not one woman there 
wore stre tch  pants, capris o r jeans.

Replacing the loud booming of an organ, 
signifying th e  end of a  romance, guests sang 
(to the accompaniment of a  single guitar) a  
marvelous fresh  selection from  a  modern al­
bum as the wedding march.

When I  discussed th is wedding with sev­
eral religious leaders, they  w ere m ost an­
noyed w ith my appreciation of th e  change in 
ceremony and scenery. One rem arked irately, 
“Weddings should take  place only in a  reli­
gious atmosphere, because i t is a sacred occa­
sion.”

Personally, I  can’t  th ink  of any place 
more sacred than  n atu re’s own beautiful set­
tings, which a fte r all, God did create, too.

Advocates of the present trend  claim 
such variations a re  “bringing tradition  up 
with the times.” To answ er both th e  critics 
and adm irers, I  m ight ju s t rem ind you such 
services a re  not new.

Pilgrim s and pioneers had no churches. 
Their weddings took place outside, too. In a 
society so hell-bent against m arriage, I’m  in­
clined to be annoyed a t  sniffs of commercial­
ism demanding dull church weddings and 
even duller receptions.

Eugenia Sheppard
Tues., Aug. 24,1971 Cl|r«ni(lr 17

M onte Carlo's Yachting Set
Monte Carlo

TH E MONTE Carlo harbor, one 
of the best fo r big yachts, is full of 
them , coming and going. Many of 
them  go to  sea in the  daytim e so the 
passengers can swim, but by evening 
they  a re  packed in as close and tigh t 
as so m any sardines.

Charles Revson’s yacht, U ltima 
II, is the  largest lady in th e  Monte 
Carlo harbor o r any  o ther harbor 
and is second only to  Onassis’ Chris­
tina. The Ultim a is 257 feet long and 
carries on its afterdeck a  l a r g e  
launch and a fast, sporty Riva.

The Ultima has been cruising the 
M editerranean now for the  past five 
summers and is fam ous fo r its  huge 
stateroom s decorated by Ellen Long, 
its fabulous Chinese crew, its  chefs 
who can cook in any language and 
its apparently  e n d l e s s  supply of 
fresh cavier, s t e a k s  and choice 
wines.

Ready to  t a k e  off on a  four- 
week cruise, th e  Ultim a has on its 
guest list th e  form er Carroll Porta-

go and her husband, R ichard Pistell, 
Lorraine and Jack  Friedm an, fash­
ion consultant Mildred Custin, E arl 
Blackwell and Jerom e Zipkin.

Among th e  guests a t  a  dinner for 
40 on the  yacht th e  o ther n ight were 
Mr. and Mrs. William Levitt, whose 
yacht, Mes Amies, was anchored 
only a  few yards away. Any minute 
now they  vdll leave Mes Amies and 
take  possession of the ir new yacht. 
La Belle Simone, slightly sm aller 
th a n  the Ultima and operated alm ost 
entirely  by electronics. Some of the 
o ther guests on board w ere P a t and 
Vere H arm sw orth from  London and 
th e ir g u e s t .  Princess Windisch- 
G raetz; R o s e m a r y  Kanzler w ith 
Prince Constantine of Lichtenstein; 
N ancy and H enry Ittleson; Colonel 
Michael Paul; B ert W hitley and 
m any others.

On land, Rosem ary Kanzler, one 
of th e  g rea t in ternational hostesses, 
has just finished adding a  guest pa­
vilion to  th e  big old house th a t was 
once a  gift to  the dancer, Isadora 
Duncan.

A  large guest list 
for the C h a r l e s  
Reysons' t r i p  on 
the Ultima II

All her floors a re  im maculate 
blue and  w hite G erm an tiles. “I 
w'anted everything to  be easy to 
scrub, if I  ever have to ,”  says Rose­
m ary, who w as born in  Switzerland 
but m arried  to  the  late E rnest K an­
zler, one of th e  Grosse Pointe mul- 
tmiillionaires.

A nother evening, N ancy and 
H enry  Ittleson’s dinner was given a t 
the ir home, w hich seems to  be 
carved out of solid rock, somewhere 
high up behind Monte Carlo and not 
fa r  from  the  Ita lian  border. Built 
ten  years ago, the  Ittlesons’ d ram at­
ic home is cantilevei’ed out into 
space and alm ost seems to  float 
above the w ater.

W herever th e  dinner, the re  are  
two places w here everybody m eets 
everybody la ter. N aturally , th e re ’s 
th e  casino, which is a  fa r  cry  from  
th e  scene of high fashion it is said to 
have been once. A lmost everything 
goes th e re  nowadays. The casino it­
self m akes an effort. Men aren ’t  al­
lowed in w ithout neckties, bu t m an­
age to  get by w ith silk ascots.

The women, though, a re  the  real 
offenders. Some of the regulars, like 
N ancy Ittleson, always look well in 
conservative dinner clothes, but the  
vast m ajority  tu rn s up in the  most 
ex traord inary  clothes.

While some of th e  m en a re  a t  the 
gam ing tables, others (and all the

'4 - /'
MMES, LEVITT AND KANZLER

Dinner on board

women) now m ake a  beeline for Jim ­
m y’s, th e  new nightclub th a t opened 
only a  lew  weeks ago adjoining the 
casino. O perated by E e ^ e ,  who 
owns the  fam ous New Jim m y’s in 
Paris, it has a  dram atic  setting. 
Though the roof and floor a re  the 
sam e shiny black tile Eegine loves in 
P aris, the w'hole fron t of the place is 
wide open to a  view of lights and 
fomitauis.

The dance floor of th e  disco­
theque is only about eight feet 
square. Most of the  dancers are  
young Italians who have m ore 
m oney th an  the  F rench to  pay for 
the  drinks, which a re  said to cost $7.

For Women Only

The Pill Gives Me a Headache'
By L. II. Curtis, M.D.

DEAR DR. C U R T I S :  
Prior to my first pregnan­
cy I never had a severe 
headache in my life, but

o n c e  I conceived they 
started coming on strong.

After my delivery they 
went away and didn’t  both­
er me again until I started

The Oreengroeer------ —

Produce Predictions
Blueberries will still be 

available at a few markets 
at reasonable prices this 
week — next week look for 
higher prices. All the mel­
ons are delicious now and 
really cheap. B-a r 11 e 11 
pears are in the same cate­
gory.

Italian (also called Ger­
man, for some reason) 
prunes are starting to ap­
pear on the market. We 
also have some standard 
plums from Reedley, which 
in appearance r e s e m b l e  
the Italian prune-plums.

There are still plenty of 
nectarines a n d  peaches 
around at r e a s o n a b l e  
prices. In fact, all the vege­
tables are very reasona­
bl e ,  including tomatoes, 
but with the exception of

artichokes, which have just 
started to cUmb. They’ve 
doubled in price in the last 
two or three days, but they 
are still not too high.

More Brussels sprouts 
are appearing on the mar­
ket. While we’re in that 
part of the world we may 
as well mention the Belgi­
an endive available at the 
ridiculous price of $2.25 per 
pound, WHOLESALE! Too 
bad for the Common Mar­
ket.

Japanese eggplant has 
tumbled as low as 15 cents 
a pound, wholesale. It may 
look different, but inside 
it’s the same old eggplant.

Enough of pohtics. More 
predictions tomorrow.

Joe Carcione

taking birth control pills. 
My doctor has prescribed 
several different brands, 
but it doesn’t seem to 
make any difference.

During my last visit he 
suggested that I ’d just 
have to live with the prob­
lem and rely on pain kill­
ers for partial relief. These 
headaches practically inca­
pacitate me for several 
days every month, and the 
future looks pretty grim. 
Can you offer any advice?

-M RS. V.H. 
. I would advise you to 
abandon the PiU in favor of 
some other contraceptive: 
lUDs, diaphragms, foams.

jellies, creams . . . all are 
fairly reUable if used prop­
erly and consistently.

Of course, chronic head­
aches have hundreds of de­
ferent causes, but thp 
Fill may well be your cul­
prit. If your headaches dis­
appear when you stop tak­
ing the Pin, it’s good proof 
of the cause.

Hospital Awards
Forty-three members of 

the Providence Hospital 
Guild in Oakland h a v e  
been presented awards for 
21.000 hours of hospital 
service during last year.

If you smoke
2 packs of cigarettes 

a day...
please read this ad

Smoking isn’t good for anyone!....
But, for you, it could be fatal.

C h a n c e s  are you a lready know  that. 

Chances are you would quit if you could.

We can help make it easier, without pills, filters, or 
hypnotism. It takes less than one week.

This away-from-home program is conducted at the 
St, Helena Health Center under the supervision 
of a specialized staff of licensed physicians.

This highly successful program Is the only one of 
its kind in the United States. Enrollment is limited.
Just send the coupon below—or phone, if you like.

r‘
SI. Helena Health Center 963-3617
Dept. F7, Deer Park, California 94S76

Gentlemen: 
Please send i 
smoking plan.

Name: 

Address: ,

the details of your stop-

H O W  T IM E  FLIES!

Can you believe it's back-to-school 
tim e. Flair has a 7-jew el, calendar 

clock w ith  alarm  fo r you. Choice of red, 
tan o r black leather case. $ 15 . !

GRANATBKOS
JEW ELERS SINCE 1905

San Francisco: Grant at Geary— Mission at 20th-Stonestown Wall 
Oakland: Broadway at 19tti • Hayward; Southland Mall 

San Rafael; Northgate Fashion Mall • Concord; SunValley C t̂uiter 
Santa Clara: Stevens Creek Plaza • San Jose: Eastr»Jge Mali 

San Mateo; Hillsdale Mail ’Saf. Bruno; Tanfctran Mall 
Stockton: Weberstown Mall • Honolulu; KahalaA'aii

J k u w .

d d is u l^ .

-̂ fm .

IS O

* 1 I k  '  ^



18 iSsn Jtantisw (£l)r«nictf ★ ★ ★  i ues., Aug. 24, 1971

The Violence at
—What Really Happened

r'rom Page 1

“skin searched” before he 
was escorted out of the ad­
justment center and across a 
mall to the visiting room 
near the main gate.

The search, done wlule the 
inmate is nude, is a meticu- 
ious examination that in­
cludes inspection of genitals 
and hah'. Jackson had'been 
through it many times.

The visiting room itself 
was formerly used for visit­
ing families of death row in­
mates.

When potentially danger­
ous inmates are in the room 
a correctional officer stands 
outside and frequently peers 
in through a barred window 
— a procedure that has 
brought complaints from in­
mates and their visitors in 
the past.

Prison officials said Jack- 
son had recently taken to 
wearing a black knit watch 
cap pulled tight on the back 
of his moderate-length “natu­
ra l” hair style.

By procedure, the correc­
tional officer would signal to 
Jackson and his visitor when 
their time was up — a half 
an hour or an hour.

CONCEALMENT
Sometime during the inter­

view, authorities are specu­
lating, the gun was slipped to 
Jackson, who either put it be­
neath his watch cap on his 
head or concealed it in his 
hair — probably a combina­
tion of both.

The officer came in about 
2:35 p.m. and waited for 
Jackson to rise from the in­
terview table.

T h e n  Jackson preceded 
him out through an iron door 
leading from the main gate 
into a landscaped mall that 
often serves as a showcase 
for prison visitors.

More San Quentin news 
on Page 6.

The two walked across the 
mall on a diagonal to the left, 
headed for the entrance to 
t h e  adjustment center, a 
grey flat-roofed building that 
is newer than most of those 
at San Quentin and stands 
out prominently among the 
aging yeUow stones.

FULL
Adjustment centers are lit­

tle prisons within prison — 
reserved for inmates who 
commit crimes while they 
are behind the walls. San 
Quentin’s adjustment center 
was nearly full, and one tier 
of it had been taken up by 
overflow of death row . in­
mates.

On the first tier were some 
of the most notorious of Cali­
fornia convicts — including 
Jackson and the two other 
“Soledad Brothers,” Fleeta 
Drumgo and John Clutchette. 
(Clutchette himself was in 
the visiting room with his 
mother, according to authori­
ties, and apparently returned 
to  the adjustment center 
soon after the action start­
ed.)

Ruchell McGee, accused in 
the Marin county Civic Cen­
ter escape attempt and gun 
battle a year ago, was also 
on the first tier. So was Hugo 
Pinell, an inmate not 'well 
known on the outside, but 
known at both San Quentin 
and Soledad for his furious 
temper. He is accused of kill­
ing a correctional officer at 
Soledad and is suspected of a 
series of other assaults on of­
ficers and inmates.

PROCEDURES
There are procedures for 

entering the adjustment cen­
ter. At night, the building’s 
single door is locked from

r the outside — officers and in­
mates alike inside cannot get 
out unless the door is un­
locked from outside. But au­
thorities said that during 
daytime an officer with keys 
may be inside the building.

On Saturday, officer Frank 
P. DeLeon used his key for 
the door and followed Jack- 
son inside. They went into a 
hallway and through another 
locked door into a long nar­
row room occupied by offi­
cers.

That room is caged from 
the actual row cells by an 
iron-barred sally port. And 
beyond that, adjustment cen­
ter inmates are customarily 
locked in their cells 23 hours 
a day — two or three may be 
out on the tier taking their 
hour of exercise.

Jackson was to undergo 
the usual skin search before 
going back to his cell. Officer 
DeLeon stood back and an­
other unidentified officer be­
gan the search.

Sources told The Chronicle 
the officer spotted what at 
first looked to be a pencil in 
Jackson’s hair, and asked 
the inmate about it.

Suddenly, Jackson pulled 
the pistol from his hair, 
sources told The Chronicle, 
and leveled it at the officers.

From versions of the story 
learned by The Chronicle it 
appears that a t that moment 
the gun Was not loaded. 
Jackson apparently slapped 
in one of two ammunition 
clips as the surprised officers 
stood helpless.

At that moment, another 
officer escorting another in­
mate (possibly Clutchette) 
entered the small room.

“This is it!” Jackson re­
portedly shouted, and or­
dered an officer to turn the 
big lever that would open all 
30 cells on the tier. Twenty- 
five inmates came out. Two

'B rothers' in Court Today
From Page 1
Monterey county d id  not 
even show up for the hear­
ing.

But the defense lawyers 
said they had no intention of 
agreeing to a continuance 
and demanded to know why 
their clients were not there 
and why they had not been 
allowed to see the two ac­
cused inmates in San Quentin 
Prison.

LAWYER
“B’or all I know my client 

is being beaten to death in 
some remote cell in the pris­
on,” said Richard Silver of 
C a r m e l ,  who represents 
Clutchette.

Clutchette a n d  Drumgo 
were in the San Quentin ad­
justment center at the time 
of Saturday’s e s c a p e  at­
tempt, Authorities say they, 
like other inmates in that 
area, have been locked in

cells while the investigation 
of the incident continues.

“ What’s happening to the 
evidence in there? What are 
they (prison officials) hid­
i n g , ” d e m a n d e d  J o h n  
T h o m e ,  who represented 
Jackson.

Several times, Judge Allen 
told Thorne, “I don’t think 
you have a standing in this 
court any longer — your cli­
ent is no longer with us.”

REQUEST
Thorne, however, looking 

tired and speaking with ap­
parent emotion, called on the 
judge to summon a special 
investigating panel of black 
legislators to investigate Sat­
urday’s incident.

He and the other two attor­
neys insisted that t h e i r  
clients be brought to court 
and that the prosecution and 
prison officials be made to 
answer why neither the de­

fendants nor the prosecution 
appeared yesterday.

Judge Allen said the mo­
tion would have to be submit­
ted in writing.

“Sit there two minutes and 
we’ll write it right here,” 
Thorne said and launched 
into an emotional speech 
about the difficulties in get­
ting fair treatment for his 
clients.

“This court would never 
hesitate to cite the defense 
for contempt if we failed to 
show up as the prosecution 
did,” he said at one point.

Within four minutes, the 
other two attorneys had hur­
riedly written a motion.

J u d g e  Allen, repeatedly 
pressed by the attorneys, fi­
nally agreed to a show cause 
hearing on the defendant’s 
status.

Allen continued other mat­
ters in the case until next 
Monday.

Arrest of 
Robert 

Kennedy Jr.
From Page 1
a car with its door open, and 
Kennedy was standing beside 
that in his opinion it was 
blocking traffic on the busy 
street. The officer said he did 
not recognize Kennedy and 
that a girl, unidentified, was 
in the car.

.Ahearn said he told Kenne­
dy to move along and asked 
him if he had been drinking.

“He said he had not been 
drinking, and I asked him 
why his eyes were blood­
shot,” Ahearn said.

He said Kennedy then took 
a bite of an ice cream cone 
he had in his hand and “spat 
a bit of his ice cream cone in 
my face.” Ahearn said he 
then made the arrest.

ROBERT KENNEDY JR. 
Sauntering charge

Because of heavy traffic on 
narrow streets during sum­
mer months in this Cape Cod 
resort town, pohee are in­
structed to help keep traffic 
flowing while on patrol.

Blast Shatters The City's Peace

SaysMarcos 
Philippines 
In Rebellion

From Page 1

strapped their cell doors shut 
and stayed put.

Details are unclear, but 
within minutes, two officers 
and two inmates — both: 
white tier tenders — were 
miu'dered. There was specu­
lation that the tier tenders, 
inmates who serve food and' 
pick up laundry in the adjust­
ment center and thus have 
some degree of freedom, 
were nuu'dered because of 
bitterness among some on 
the tier that there were no 
black tenders.

Pickup Order! 
For Lawyer 

s Canceled

2itd Texas Official 
Rules Out Raises

Big Four 
Agreement 
On Berlin

From Page 1
Bingham, there was no indi­
cation that the woman is also 
being sought for questioning.

This was another puzzling 
point, for guards at the gate 
have told investigators it was 
she who was carrying Bing­
ham’s briefcase when a metal 
detecting d e v i c e  signaled 
something suspicious might 
be inside it.

RECORDER
Guards opened the brief­

case and found a casette tape 
irecorder, which was given a

B'rom Page 1
ence yesterday he still would 
like ’to see the federal courts 
decide whether a presidential 
order can supersede a state 
law, such as the 1971 budget 
act that gives the 62,000 state 
employees a 6.8 per cent pay 
hike.

INTENTION
But, he said, “ 1 do not in­

tend to file suit” to get such 
a decision.

“He may not file a suit but 
that doesn’t mean he won’t 
try to get somebody else to 
file one,” an aide said.

Martin flew to Washington

razor blade at- 
toothbrush. But 

crude and

WEAPON
The primary murder weap­

on was 
tached to 
the cuts were 
gory.

Officer Charles Brecken- 
ridge, 21, had his throat 
slashed. He was apparently 
dragged to Jackson’s cell and.; 
thrown in—left to die.

The bodies of the two other 
officers a n d  the inmates 
were thrown in on top of him. 
Inmates did not notice that, 
although critically injured, 
Breckenridge was still alive.

It was 2:50 p.m. Sergeant 
Jere Graham arrived at the 
adjustment center to pick up 
DeLeon for another escort 
assignment. At the door, he 
was met by the inmates and 
also murdered.

NOISES
It had been less than a half 

hour since Jackson left the 
■visiting room. Officers out­
side the adjustment center 
were curious about flashes of 
movement inside. On the sec­
ond floor of the adjustment 
center, an officer thought he 
heard some strange noises.

An unidentified o f f i c e r  
went into the adjustment 
center and peered through a 
window in the door.

Instantly a shot ripped past 
him, miraculously missing.

On the second tier, an offi­
cer was now sure he heard 
s o m e t h i n g  strange. His 
alarm went in almost simul­
taneously with that of the 
other officer.

ALARMS
It was only minutes, per­

haps seconds, a f t e r  the 
alarms went off, according to 
authorities, that Jackson and 
John Larry Spain, 22, an in­
mate recently transferred to 
San Quentin from Soledad, 
burst out of the door to the 
adjustment center and raced 
f o r  a 20-foot stone wall 
topped with barbed wire at 
the end of an alleyway about 
75 yards from the door.

Guards on t'wo towers 
opened fire. Jackson was hit 
twice — once in the foot, and 
once, fatally in the top of the 
head. It was 2:55p.m.

Inside the adjustment cen­
ter. the inmates still had two 
officers as hostages — both 
were bleeding from cuts on 
their necks. Sources said the 
dull razor blade at one point 
was exchanged for a finger 
nail clipper which an inmate 
used to jab and probe for one 
officer’s jugular vein.

APPEALS
By this time, Associate 

Warden James Park had is­
sued emergency appeals for 
county and area help. Guns 
ringed the prison.

A force of armed officers 
rushed into the adjustment 
center.

“We’ve got hostages,” an 
inmate, screamed from the 
back wall where the inmates 
were crowded.
■“That doesn’t m atter,” an 

officer shouted back.

c u r s o r y  examination and to hand-carry his opinion to 
passed through the main | the Justice Department. He 
gate with Bingham.

Bingham took the briefcase 
and recorder with him when, 
alone, he went to the visiting 
room to interview Jackson, 
prison sources said,
. Investigators said yester­
day they now have reason to

congressional authorization. 
Then he cited Texas court 
decisions as to a governor’s 
power and concluded that 
Smith’s executive order was 
“merely directive” and not 
mandatory as to state execu­
tive officers such as Calvert.

REASONING
S i n c e  federal law su­

percedes conflicting s t a t e  
law. the presidential procla­
mation supercedes the legis­
lative appropriations wage 
increases, Martin went on. 
The congressional act under 
which Mr. Nixon acted was 
pre-existing f e d e r a l  law 
when the Texas legislature 
adopted i t s  appropriations 
law in May.

Martin told state comptrol­
ler Calvert the law requires 
him to conform to the Presi­
dent’s order and withhold the

Fi-om Page 1

cers.
RUMORS

It was 3:20 p.m. The ad­
justment c e n t e r  inmates 
were shoved out onto the

moral and material support 
of a foreign power. Asked if 
he referred to Communist 
China, he declined to name 
the power.

In a bitter reply to Marcos’ 
announcement, a spokesman 
for the Liberal party charged 
that the suspension of the 
right of habeas corpus was 
part of an attempt to destroy 
the chief opposition to the 
government — the liberals 
and the student activists.

Senator Binigno A q u i n o ,  
saying five of his Liberal 
senate colleagues had been 
wounded when two grenades 
blasted their rally, declared:
“There is no rebellion. There 
is no invasion. There is real­
ly no imminent danger to the 
republic.

“We were almost wiped 
out,” he said, “and this is 
now the very reason being 
used by Mr. Marcos to gag 
us or put us in his stockade,’

Stafe V isit
Amsterdam

Queen Juliana of the Noth- substance s i m i l a r  to so 
and her husband, ; called plastique. .A bottle

believe the "guts” of the 
tape recorder had been re­
moved and a pistol hidden 
inside the machine w h i c h  
Jackson removed while talk­
ing with Bingham.

It was conceded by prison 
officials that Bingham may 
have had no knowledge the 
recorder was being used to 
smuggle a weapon to Jack- 
son, who was- awaiting trial 
for the killing of a Soledad 
Prison guard in 1970.

VISITS
Officials revealed yester­

day that Bingham’s Saturday 
visit was not his first with 
Jackson, but they declined to 
say how many times the two 
inen had conferred.

It also came to light that 
the p r i s o n  grapevine had 
been buzzing for at least two 
weeks that “something big” 
was about to happen.

Because of an incident on 
August 1 involving relatives 
of Jackson, sources told The 
Chronicle, prison administra- 
toj's believed the convict was 
pio s s i b 1 y involved in the 
“Something big,”
JOn August 1, The Chronicle 

■vws told, Jackson’s sister, 
pinny, and two of his young 
n ^h e ’ws and a young niece, 
w ^ t to San Quentin to visit 
the’; convict. Sources gave this 
account:

As one of the boys walked 
through the metal detectqn, 
tne machine signaled a n 
i.alarm. The youngster smiled 
andj, pointed to his shoes, 
‘which had metal buckles, 
and his metal-buckled belt.

Guards asked the youngs­
ter to remove his belt and 
shoes and had him walk 
fcrough the detector again, 
fhe  alarm sounded this time, 
loo.
; SEARCH
f Guards then searched the 
jj'oung boy and discovered a 
Imetal toy cap pistol taped to 
|iis  thigh. A search of the oth­
er nephew and the niece 
Showed each was carrying a 
iiidden plastic toy pistol.
:i  The four relatives ofJack- 
'|on  were denied visiting priv­
ileges that day and sent 
W ay  after officials talked 
|vith them and were told “the 
i thildren meant no harm . . . 

Some officials, however, 
)elieved at the time the inci- 
lent might have been a “dry 
un” to test the alertness of 
uards and ways to try and 
beat” the metal detector. 
Officials said they made no 

public disclosure of the inci­
dent because they felt it 
might be construed as an at­
tempt to prejudice Jackson’s 
position prior to his trial.

Friends of attorney Bing­
ham said he had been as-

Two shots were fired W ' signed by the lawyers rm>r6 
the officers down the tift'. senting the Soledad Brothers 
The two hostages bi’oke free | to do research in the case, 
and ran desperately for the |: SHOCK
other end and waiting offi- , All who know Bingham 

'well expressed shock that au­
thorities would want to ques­
tion him.

“There is no way he could
grassy malT and“”toTd to he be involved in what hap- 
face down. There were still i pened. said one lawyer who 
rumors of another gun. One
inmate started to stand up. A 
shot grazed his leg.

In the hours that followed, 
all the inmates were given 
short haircuts and searched 
again and again. Then, as 
night fell, they were locked 
in cells on the second tier as 
a search b e g a n  of the 
blood-smeared first tier. 

Found hidden in a square 
of cheese was a shotgdn 
shell. In a bar of soap ,^ 

l-caliber bullet. At least!

has w'orked with Bingham.
Bingham’s father, Alfred 

M. Bingham, a prominent at­
torney in Salem, Conn., flew 
to San Francisco yesterday.

The father expressed confi­
dence that “this will all be 
cleared up . . . my son could 
not be involved in anything 
of this nature,”

Young Bingham i s the 
grandson of the late Hiram 
Bingham, onetime Republi­
can governor and U.S. sena­
tor from Connecticut, and the

said he will make a “couj'te- 
sy call” to Secretary of the 
Treasury John Connally, the 
former Texas governor who 
heads Mr. Nixon’s Cost of 
Living Council. Connally and j pay raises.
Martin are old friends. j Calvert, w ho signs the ,

Martin held that President i state’s payroll and school aid I comprehensive Four-Power 
Nixon’s executive order is a I checks, immediately s e u t ; replaces the indet-
valid exercise of executive 1 Connally a letter promising | protocols signed by the
power following an expressed ! to abide by Martin’s opinion. powers in 1944 lor goV'

smiling and shaking hands 
from the residence of U.S. 
Ambassador Kenneth Rush.

Soviet Ambassador Pyotr 
Abrasimov. who is accredit­
ed to the East Berlin govern­
ment, appeared with h is  
hands clenched above his 
head like a victorious bo.xer 
and cried: “It’s all settled.'’

Rush said: “ When the text 
is published it will be en­
dorsed by all Germans, in­
cluding the Berliners, as an 
improvement in the over-all 
situation.”

The other two ambassa­
dors, Jean Sauvagnarguegof 
France and Sir Roger .Jac- 
kling of Britain, were less 
talkative, but obviously well 
pleased.

But (he agreement will 
provide Berlin with its first

The Dollar Holds 
Its Own in Trading

From Page 1

a confused opening, the for­
eign currency trading rooms 
at Europe’s big banks were 
fairly calm. V o l u m e  was 
moderate as traders awaited 
developments, partciularly on 
the Japanese yen.

MARK
In trading against the West 

German mark, which has 
been floating since May, the 
dollar was quoted at 3.4250 
marks to the dollar, an effec­
tive devaluation of 6.9 per 
cent from its par value. This 
compared with a 7 per cent 
depreciation in unofficial 
trading on Friday and 8 per 
cent earlier in the summer.

The British pound, which 
was floated yesterday for the 
first time since 1939, closed 
at $2.44. This represented a 
1.7 per cent devaluation of 
the dollar from its par value 
of $2.40, and compared with 
a 2.5 per cent drop last week.

Even when currency rates 
are fixed rather than float­
ing, fluctuations of up to 1 
per cent are permitted on ei­
ther side of the par value. 
The British float was thus 
quite small.

FRANCE
F r a n c e  inaugurated its 

t  w o -t i e r  foreign exchange 
system of fixed and floating 
rates with no apparent prob­
lems. In the transactions at 
the fixed rate for trade pur­
poses, the dollar rose just off 
its permitted floor.

More economic news 
on Page 8.

In the new market created 
by the French for financial 
and tourist transactions, the 
floating franc was quoted at 
5.46 to the dollar, represent­
ing a 2 per cent devaluation 
of the dollar from the 5.55 
fixed rate.

In Japan, the foreign ex­
change market was unex­
pectedly quiet, with the Bank 
of Japan forced to absorb 
only ^ 7  million from pur­
chases of yen, compared 
with $340 million i n the 
half-day of business on Satur­
day.

Although 'they tr-ansacted 
no business in yen, some 
London brokers were suggest­
ing a hypothetical rate of 315 
yen to the dollar, which 
would revalue the yen or de­
value the dollar by about 14 
per cent.

But Tokyo officials contin­
ued to support their advanta­
geous official rate of 360 to 
the dollar, again ruled out 
any early revaluation and 
reinforced exchange controls 
to cui’b speculation.

In his address just over a 
week ago, Pre.sident Ni.xon in 
effect appealed to o t h e r  
countries to devalue the dol­
lar by increasing the value of 
their own currencies. To in­
duce such action he cut the 
dollar’s Unk with gold and 
imposed an import surcharge 
as a bargaining counter.

erning the capital of the Ger­
man Reich, then still to be 
defeated.

Board OKs Those 
Gif'/ Pay Raises

From Page 1
be approved by the Police, 
Fire and Civil Service Com­
missions, among other 

things. And by that time, 
there could be some new rul­
ings from Washington.

Robert W. Winsor of the re­
gional Office of Emergency 
Preparedness here said the 
opinion he expressed last 
week, after consulting with 
OEP headquarters in Wash­
ington. was based on limited 
information about the San 
B’rancisco situation.

“We had very little to go 
on,” he said, “and we said no 
based on the very little we 
had. It becomes, as far as 
we’re concerned, a matter of 
legal interpretation.”

The problem, as Alioto 
pointed out in his letter, 
which was read at the Super­
visors’ meeting, involves the 
effective date of the raises.

“Under the charter,” the 
Mayor ■wrote, “the effective 
date . . . was July 1. Your 
actions today simply mea­
sure the manner in which the 
July 1 raises shall be made.” 

The OEP has interpreted 
President Nixon’s freeze or­
der as meaning that no one 
may be paid more than he 
was actually receiving before 
August 15, regardless of any

onV'other buHet was fou|(|; n e p h e w of Representative didn’r L -
hidden elsewhere, along wftli Jonathan Bingham, a Demo-’ .

.An explosion in an almost [ 1000 16th street where the 11 
empty chemical drum at the| p.m. blast occurred, break- 
foot of Potrero Hill shattered j ing most of the windows in 
windows and the peace and ‘ the two-story building, 
quiet of much of the down- High temperatures during 
town area last night. ; the day apparently caused

a"atesf the^waU,^’ said Sam- j ing ctoicM^^^^ Bernhard, left here ! containing identical explo) j  champion of the cause of gest that you pass the in-
uel Morris. 44, a worker at can that had been left in the ! last night by air for Thailand ; sive material was found oi j ' ='• '
the f:H'Ur..'! tuii'kee plant at I company yard, police said. ' George Jackson s bod.v.

fore you,” he told the Super­
visors.

“If any lingering questions 
remain, we shall put the in­
creases Into effect . . .  but 
we shall request a formal 
opinion from the Office of 
Emergency Preparedness.

“If we cannot agree, we 
shall then file declaratory 
judgment actions in both the 
State and Federal courts on 
the validity of our charter 
provision making the effec­
tive date July 1.

“This must not be inter­
preted as defiance, for it is 
not; but simply as an at­
tempt to carry out the Presi­
dent’s order in the light of 
our charter with a provision 
that the courts make the fi­
nal decision.”

Winsor said he didn’t inter­
pret the city’s stand as one of 
“defiance.”

“The mayor assures us, 
and w e certainly believe 
him, that he supports the 
President in this,” Winsor 
said. “His attitude is one of 
complete cooperation with 
the federal government. It’s 
just a legal problem that has 
to be worked out.”

Winsor said he talked yes­
terday afternoon with City 
Attorney Thomas M. O’Con­
nor about drawing up a de­
tailed question about the le­
gality of the city raises, 
which could be submitted to 
the President’s Cost of Liv-

ACCESS
Spcifically, it provides firm 

definitions, of how traffic on 
West Berlin’s access routes 
across 110 miles, and over 
more miles of East German 
territory is to be regulated — 
on the highways, railroad 
tracks and canals.

And, for the first tim.e, the 
S o v i e t  Union has acknowl­
edged co-responsibility for 
this traffic along wiih the 
Western powers.

The projected pact thus 
cancels a 1955 agreement in 
which the Soviet Union nomi­
nally transferred control of 
the access routes to East 
Germany, and makes tne 
East German border authori­
ties ultimately subject to 
Four Power supervision.

The effect of this agree­
ment '̂ is expected to be that 
the access routes will no 
longer be subject to thehar- 
assemnts that began wdth the 
Berlin blockade of T348 and 
continued in lesser form into 
this year.

a' smalfamount'of explosive erotic congressman 1 r o m d ty  charte®'’”  ^
New York state. 

He has been act^e “ I would, therefore, sug-

' blacks sincr'his undergradii-' 
ale davs d  Yale.

creases in accordance with 
the proposed ordinance be­

ing. He said O’Connor was 
conferring with the city con­
troller about that possibility.

“We’re trying to be help­
ful.” Winsor said.

CHANGES
In addition to the accord on 

the vital access, the agree­
ment reached by the ambas­
sadors foresees the following 
changes:

•  The 2 million West Ber­
liners will be permitted peri­
odic visits in East Berlin, 
where most of them have 
been barred since spring of 
1966, a n d  East Germany 
were they have been barred 
since 1952.

•  Movement of goods to 
and from West Berlin by 
road and rail will be sijeeded 
by e l i m i n a t i o n  of time- 
consuming E a s t  Germany 
customs controls through the 
use of mutually approved 
shipment seals. Tolls will be 
collected annually instead of 
from individual drivers and 
controls will be reduced in 
almost all cases to identity 
paper checks.

•  West Berliners will be 
allowed to use passports is­
sued by the German Federal 
Republic, as before, but also 
for the first time in traveling 
through Communist c o u n- 
tries,

•  West Berlin will be per­
mitted to retain almost all of 
its connections with West 
Germany. In addition to the 
cultural, economic and jurid­
ical ties, the city will contin­
ue to house German federal 
offices. Bonn politicians and 
officials w'ill also be allowed 
to visit here and to conduct 
parliamentary hearings, ‘as 
long as they refrain from 
“constitutional acts.”

•  The Soviet Union will be 
permitted to establish aeon 
sulate general in West Ber­
lin, with 30 or so personnel, 
accredited to the three West­
ern commandants. O t h e r  
Russians, including n e w's- 
men, will be allowed to take 
up permanent residence in 
the Western sectors.

•  Parcels of West Berlin 
territory lying inside East 
Germany will be exchanged 
for improved access of the 
200 or so West Berliners who 
live in what are termed ex­
claves — the largest being 
the village of Steinstucken — 
to the city proper. Until now 
Steinstuckeners have had to 
pass through East German 
border control points.

•  West Berliners will re­
ceive consular protection in 
foreign lands from West Ger­
man authorities, and will be 
permitted to engage in cul­
tural and sports events in 
East Europe on the same ha- 
,sis with West German.s for 
the first lime.



T H E  N E W  Y O R K  T IM E S .  FRIDAY,  S E P T E M B E R  3, 1971 11

Two Desperate Hours: How George Jackson and 5 Others Died in Prison
Continued From Page 1, Col. 8 
he had helped to murder a 
Soledad prison guard.

With Mr. Bingham was a 
black woman who signed the 
prison visitor register as Mrs 
Vaniti* Anderson and gave the 
address of the ' Black Pan­
ther headquarters in Oakland 
as her home. She carried an 
18-inch- by 24-inch case, 
side was a tape recorder.

That day the cards listing au­
thorized visitors were kept at 
the visiting center, so it was 
not until she and Mr. Bingham 
had been admitted to the 
grounds and passed through the 
electronic examination gate and 
into the visiting center itself 
that guards discovered she 
was not authorized to see Jack- 
son. Mrs. Anderson waited in 
the visitor waiting room.

Tape Recorder Found 
The briefcase failed the 

electronic examination. A guard 
apened it and found the tape 
recorder, a device frequently 
used by lawyers interviewing 
prisoners. The guard opened 
the back of the recorder, saw 
that it had batteries in it, and 
closed it again. He permitted 
the tape recorder to pass into 
the prison.
. That was a mistake, the au­

thorities now believe. They be­
lieve there was a gun inside 
the tape recorder. At about 
T;25 P.M., Mr. Bingham walked 
across tte  corner of the main 
visiting room, where families 
seated iri chairs on one side of 
long tables talk with inmates 
seated on benches on the other.

; A guard sat at one corner 
of the room, his back to the 
tunnel from which prisoners 
entered after they had passed 
through two steel gates and 
submitted to a search.

.At the other end of the tun­
nel, another gate opened onto 
the sally port that is the main 
entrance to the old prison’s 
central core. One sally port 
gate opens outside, the other 
opens into the inner prison.

A prisoner headed for a visit 
would walk across a courtyard 
-.-in the case of those in the 
heavy . - security Adjustment 
Center like Jackson,' accom­
panied by a guard— p̂n.ss into 
the sally port, be searched, 
then moved through a steel 
door into the tunnel, then 
through another steel door and 
into the main visiting room.

But Jackson was not to talk 
to Mr. Bingham in the main 
visiting ropm. They were to 
q’se the “A” Visiting Room, a 
small room—about 10 feet by 
seven feet, furnished with 
chairs and a table—that had 
originally been meant for con­
demned men’s visits with their 
relatives bbt that had come to 
be used for attorney-inmate 
visits.

Could Exchange Objects 
That day it was possible to 

pass objects freely across the 
table top because a grill sepa­
rating both sides had been left 
open. Since then, it has been 
closed.

The guard on duty in the 
main visiting .room opened the 
door to the “A” Visiting Room 
and let Mr. Bingham inside. 
Then the guard went back to 
his chair and desk at the cor­
ner to watch the big visiting 
room and to keep books on the 
goings and, comings of prison­
ers for visits.

A guard on duty at the sally 
port end of the entrance tun­
nel brought Jackson to the steel 
door opening off the tunnel into 
the “A" Visiting Room. He 
opened the: door, locked Jack- 
son inside, and went back to 
his station. Although there is a 
window in each door — the one 
Mr. Bingham went through and 
the one Jackson went through 

no guard watched while they 
visited. Gugrds now watch vis­
its in the “A” visiting room.

The DiSrict Attorney of 
Marin County filed an affidavit

Associated Press

Warden L, S. Nelson, after the killings, with publica­
tions he said were inflammatory and not suitable for dis­
tribution to San Quentin prisoners and would be stopped.

cers,” the warden said. “What her anything about what he had
happened was just senseless 
butchery.’’

Soon Mr. Rubiaco was tossed 
on top of Sergeant McCray and 
then Mr. De Leon’s body was 
thrown on the pile. His throat 
was cut, he was strangled with 
an electric cord, and he was 
shot in the back of the head 
by a bullet that went out in 
front of his right ear.

Others Hurt and Killed

Tuesday stating that he be­
lieved Stephen Bingham had 
brought a 9-millimeter auto­
matic pistol and ammunition 
clips into the prison, together 
with a black wig, and passed 
them to George Jackson during 
the interview. He accused Mr. 
Bingham of five counts of 
murder under a California law 
that makes accomplices equally 
guilty.

Part way through the visit, 
Mr. Bingham summoned the 
guard and said he wanted to 
be let out of the “A” visiting 
room briefly. Guards came and 
took Jackson out and did not 
return him until Mr. Bingham 
returned about five minutes 
later. The two men remained 
locked together in the visiting 
room until about 2:25 P.M., 
when they signalled they had 
finished the visit.

Accompanied by Officer
Frank P. De Leon, an officer 

on escort duty that day, took

son stood between Sgt. Kenneth 
McCray and another officer, 
U. V. Rubiaco, who were to 
search him.

Noted ‘Pencil’ in Hair
Rubiaco was in front, and 

noticed something like a' pencil 
protruding from Jackson’s hair: 
The guard reached toward the 
prisoner’s hair, and Jackson 
jumped aside, as the prison au­
thorities have described it, and 
whipped off a wig, from which 
he took a pistol and two clips 
of ammunition. In one motion, 
the authorities say, he swept 
a clip of ammunition into the 
pistol and turned on the guards, 
who, like all guards who move 
within reach of prisoners, were 
unarmed.

“This is it?” Jackson said.
The gun, recovered later, is 

eight inches long, five inches 
high and one and one-quarter 
inches thick.

At this point in the narrativecontrol of Jackson as he came ̂  authorities, the
out of the tunnel and walked, becomes highly
with him across the landscaped I f to |
courtyard for abou 150 feet acts. In all cases the L -
to the door of the Adjustment 
Center.

The visit seemed to be about 
to end quietly, as had the ap­
proximately 250 others that 
Jackson had hail with reporters 
and lawyers and other persons 
not in his family during the last 
two and a half years. But within 
half an hour both Jackson and 
Mr. De Leon were dead.

It was 2:27 P.M. when Mr. 
De Leon signed the register to 
show he had returned Jackson 
to the Adjustment Center. This 
building, with three tiers of 
cells, houses the most difficult 
custody cases, as they are de­
fined by prison authorities.

Inmates and their attorneys 
have said the place gives cruel 
and vicious punishment to its 
inhabitants, the prison author­
ities say it must exist to pro­
vide a place of confinement for 
prisoners who will not conform 
to rules. The first tier, where 
Jackson had a front cell, is the 
most heavily guarded part of

thorities have refused to identi­
fy prisonres involved in specific 
acts. There are no obvious in­
consistencies, however.

Warden Nelson said that 
Jackson ordered a guard to 
open the cell and free the other 
prisoners — 17 blacks, four 
Chianos, four whites and one 
Puerto, Rican—so they could 
move within the corridor of the 
first-floor tier.

Some of the prisoners seized 
Sergeant McCray, covered his 
head with some fabric, bound 
his hands and took him into 
Jackson’s cell, where his throat 
was slashed with a knife made 
of half a razor blade attached 
to a toothbrush handle, the 
warden said. Sergeant McCray 
survived. Officer Rubiaco’s 
throat was also slashed — ap­
parently with the same, weapon 
—and he, too, survived.

Warden Nelson was asked if 
the guards had not failed to fol­
low their instructions when 
they did not attempt to dis-

the prison. The second and I arm Jackson and instead corn-
third tiers are used to house 
condemned men.

Every time a prisoner goes 
in or out, he is “skin-searched,” 
which means he removes his 
clothing so that his entire body 
may be examined for contra­
band.

What happened next, ac­
cording to Warden L, S. Nelson, 
was this:

With Officer De Leon at one 
side, his duty finished, Jack*

pHed W'ith his order to release 
the others.

“All we expect our employes 
to do is to use their best judg­
ment,” the warden said in an- 
interview in his office. Later in 
the interview, he indicated that 
the officers might not have 
realized they were surrender­
ing to be murdered.

“Their purpose could have 
been served just as well by 
trussing and gagging the off!

some point another 
officer, Paul W. Krasenes, was 
captured and killed by stran­
gling and slashing of his throat. 
Still another officer, Charles 
Breckenridge, had his throat 
slashed and was left for dead 
but survived.

Two white inmates were 
killed, their throats slashed. They 
were Frank M, Lynn and Ron­
ald L. Kane. One of them was 
tossed on the floor of Jackson’s 
cell, and the other was left in 
the corridor in front of the 
;ells.

Officials have said they do 
not know why the two whites 
were killed. One unconfirmed 
report is that they refused to 
take part in the break. The 
other two whites among the 27 
prisoners stayed in their cells 
with the doors tied shut, offi­
cials said.

The officials believe that 
while all this was going on, 
Jackson was in command of 
the tier. Warden Nelson said 
it was 2:40 P.M. when the 
alarm was sounded after Jack- 
son was seen with the gun

The alarm was sounded by 
an officer, Carl Adams, who 
was on duty outside the Ad­
justment Center and glimpsed 
lackson with a gun after un­
locking the door for Sgt. Jere 
Graham to go in. The sergea: 
wanted to give an escort as 
signment to Mr. De Leon.

Also, an unnamed officer on 
the second floor of the Adjust­
ment Center, sensing a dis­
turbance below, came part way 
downstairs and saw Jackson. 
He, too, turned in the alarm.

Inside the center, Sergeant 
Graham encountered Jackson 
and was forced into Jackson’s 
cell. There the sergeant was 
killed with a bullet in the back 
of his head.

This bullet lodged at the 
base of the sergeant’s skull, 
and was recovered. It has been 
compared by microscope wdth 
other bullets test-fired from 
the gun that Jackson had when 
he was killed. Officials will not 
say what the comparison 
showed because, they say, they 
want to “save it for the trial.”

When Mr. Adams opened the 
door and caught sight of Jack- 
son inside, Jackson fired a shot 
at him through the window, 
grazing his arm.

It was shortly after the alarm 
went off that officials say Jack- 
«on jerked open the Adjust­
ment Center’s outer door and 
ran across the .landscaped yard 
to a paved passage that winds 
downhill alongside the north 
wall of the prison.

A Volley From His Right
From his right came a volley 

of shots from a balcony gun 
walk above the entrance to the 
sally port. As he reached the 
paved surface, he was under 
fire of a guard in a gun walk 
that was south of the Adjust­
ment Center.

Larry Jack Spain, 21 years 
old and black, a convicted mur­
derer from Los Angeles, fol­
lowed Jackson out of the Ad­
justment Center and across the 
courtyard.

When the. guards began to 
fire, Spain dived into decorative 
shrubbery in front of the chapel, 
which is across from the Ad­
justment Center. He concealed 
himself there until guards 
dragged him out when they 
took control of the Adjustment 
Center again.

Spain’s lawyer, Elaine Wen- 
der, said she had interviewed 
him but that he had not

seen while he was in the bushes 
less than 30 feet from where 
Jackson fell dead.
: Warden Nelson said he be­
lieved that Jackson had been 
Shot down by a guard from the 
gun walk south of the Adjust­
ment Center. But this does not 
fit with the wounds found in 
the autopsy. Dr. Donovan 
tooke, the Marin County cor­
oner, described those.

Jackson had two bullet 
Wounds, and the bullets that 
made them passed through his 
body. One struck him in the top 
pf the head, shattered his skull, 
passed down in front of his 
spine, shattered two ribs and 
Went out the lower back. It was 
this shot that killed Jackson 
instantly.

Version Held Unlikely
Since this shot came from 

behind the direction in which 
he had fled, according to War­
den Nelson’s description, it ap­
pears unlikely that it struck 
him while he was running to­
ward the north wall, headed 
iaway from the rifle that fired 
the shot.

When asked to resolve this 
conflict the prison authorities 
said they would have no fur­
ther comment on events sur­
rounding the actual shooting of 
Jackson. A spokesman said that 
there were many witnesses 
available to describe what 
happened and that they would 
testify when the proper time 
arrived.

One hypothesis is that shots 
from the balcony gun walk 
ricocheted against Jackson’s 
ankle, knocking him down, and 
that as he was struggling to his 
feet, facing toward the south, 
a shot from the gun walk to

the south struck him in the 
top of the head and penetrated 
as Dr. Cooke described.

The second Jackson wound 
was in his left ankle, and the 
bullet left a fragment of its 
copper jacketing against the 
bone.

Warden Nelson said that 
Jackson staggered a step or 
two at most, then Tell across 
the roadway, his head to the 
east, his feet to the west. He 
was on his face when guards 
came and turned him over. 
Later, they marked in chalk 
two places where he had fallen, 
but these lines have now been 
washed away.

Mrs. Georgia Jackson, mother 
of the dead convict, said that 
her son had been murdered in­
side the Adjustment Center, 
and his body dragged outside 
by guards.

No substantiation for this 
story has come from the pri­
soners who were in the tier, 
according to lawyers who have 
talked to the prisoners.

Mistreatment Charged
Officials have said that all 

of these prisoners are suspects 
in the murders of the five 
killed there, and they have said 
little, even to their lawyers.

The prisoners’ attorneys have 
been visiting them since Thurs­
day, Aug. 25, but no specific 
details of what occurred have 
come from the attorneys. On 
Friday, Aug. 26, a group of 
the lawyers held a press con­
ference in San Francisco.

They had ail met with their 
clients. They said their clients 
had been mistreated after Jack- 
son was killed. They offered 
no narrative that explained how

critical of the version given 
by prison authorities.

“From everything we’ve been 
able to gather, there was no 
escape attempt—certainly not 
with respect to any of the men 
that we represent,” said one 
attorney, Bob Della Valle. At 
another time, he said, “I realiy 
don’t know what went on in 
the Adjustment Center.”

Elaine Wender, a lawyer, said 
she believed Jackson was mur­
dered but she would not dis­
close the evidence that she said 
would support her conclusion.

Mr. Della Valle said the pris­
oners had told their lawyers 
that they had heard scuffling, 
then shots, and had been told 
to go out of their cells and 
stand against the wall. Then 
came machine gun fire, he said, 
and the men were ordered to 
come out of the tier naked, 
then handcuffed and made to 
lie face down on the lawn.

Warden Nelson said that it 
took 25 minutes to get enough 
help to regain control of the 
Adjustment Center. He said 
that a machine gun burst of 
four or five shots had been 
fired into the Adjustment Cen­
ter, and that a convict had

shouted “We’ve got hostages.”
A guard answered, “That 

won’t do you any good,” th e . 
warden said, and fired another ’ 
burst.

Officers Breckenridge aad 
Rubiaco ran out. Then the pns- 
oners came out one by one;? 
and the guards went into the , 
center to find the piled bodies 
and Sergeant McCrav still 
alive at the bottom of the pile.

Uniforms had been stripped‘‘ 
from two of the guards. , •' 

“I suppose,” said Warden 
Nelson, “they planned at one 
point to have a couple of in- ‘ 
mates pose as guards and lead ; 
Jackson back to the Visitor"; 
Center, where they would grab 
hostages and try to get out.” ‘.._ 

The warden was asked if the ■ ‘ 
guards had been unnecessarily;’ 
rough with the prisoners after; 
the escape attempt had been 
broken up,

“I’ll plead guilty to that,” he.* 
said. “At a time like that, you;’ 
do what , has to be done. They ’̂*, 
acted with restraint, having- ’̂ 
seen what they saw. We are 
being criticized over bruises |  
and they will heal, but there ; 
is no way to get the dead--' 
back.”



Two Desperate Hours: How George Jackson Died
By WALLACE TURNER

Special to The New Yca'k Times
SAN QUENTIN, Calif., Sept. 

2—At 1:15 on Saturday after­
noon, Aug 21, Gerge Jackson, 
29 years old, the convict and 
author of "Soledad Brother,” 
put his prison denims back on 
after a thorough search and 
followed a guard to the prison 
visiting center to meet with a 
lawyer.

Within two hours Jackson 
and five other men — three 
guards and two inmates— ĥad 
been killed and the forces of 
a deeply felt national contro­
versy had begun to gather.

The prison authorities say 
that Jackson was shot down 
with a gun in his hand as he 
was making a desperate at­
tempt to escape across the 
prison yard. Jackson’s sup­
porters find that impossible to 
believe, some suggesting he 
was murdered by guards.

Neither the prisoners nor 
the guards who witnessed the 
bloodshed will talk about what 
they saw, the prisoners be­
cause they are suspected of 
murder and the guards be­
cause they are under orders to 
keep silent. As a result some 
gaps remain.

What follows is an effort to 
reconstruct what happened on 
the afternoon at San Quentin, 
as pieced together over 10 
days from conversations with 
prison officials, defense law­
yers and Jackson’s family and 
friends.

The New York Times Sept. 3,1971

According to the San Quentin authorities, Jackson was taken from the Adjustment Cen­
ter (1 ) to the “A” visiting room (2), where he allegedly got the gun from Mr. Bingham. 
Once back at Adjustment Center, Jackson was said to have begun the escape, fleeing to  
north wail. He was felled at cross. Gunfire came from (3) and from north block gunwalk.

When Jackson was taken to 
the visiting center he was not 
handcuffed, because of his co­
operative behavior lately, and 
that, some guards said later, 
was a mistake.

It was optional with guards 
whether to shackle a prisoner’s 
arms to a chain around his 
waist during a visit. If 
shackled for the trip to the

visiting center, the prisoner 
remained shackled for all of 
the visit and for the return 
walk to his cell.

A few minutes before Jack- 
son and his escort began their 
walk, a 29-year-old lawyer, 
Stephen Mitchell Bingham,, 
gradually radicalized after sev­
eral years of following the 
many causes of the nineteen

isxties, had finally won per­
mission to visit Jackson.

Mr. Bingham had 'been try­
ing since 10:15 A.M., although 
he was not Jackson’s attorney. 
The visit was finally permitted 
because Mr. Bingham was listed 
as an investigator for Jackson’s 
defense against the charge that

Continued on Page 11, Column 1



INSIDE

The American prison system is in ferment across the 
country—and justiflably so. It is ciear that most people ieave 
prison more alienated and more angry than when they 
entered prison. Prisons destroy people’s souls. Most o f this 
issue is devoted todescriptionsand analysis of prisoiK, prison

iife, and prison rulers. Included are excerpts from George 
Jackson’s recently published book of ietters, stories about 
the prisoners strike at Foisom Prison, the Soledad trials, and 
many more. Start anywhere.

SOLEDAD
BROTHERS NEWS LETTER

November 1970

John Wesley Clutchette George Jackson Fleeta Drumgo,

Soledad Brothers
Superior Court Judge Robert ^^ances of conviction of three

J. Drewes two months ago order-
Fight Venue Change
n f  ronv irt inn  nf

innocent men. We are sure that
ed the trial of the Soledad Broth- j^e Court of Appeals will not put 
ers, charged with kilhng a prison approval upon the
guard, moved from San Fran 
cisco to San Diego. The judge 
ordered the move at the request 
of the prosecution, which claim-

prosecution’s venue shopping.
In its petition, the defense 

argues that only the defendants 
have a right to request a change

ed that pubUcity surrounding the of venue under California law, 
attempted kidnapping and result- t(,e prosecution presented no 
mg shooting at Marin County evidence to justify a change of 
Courthouse in August would pre- venue, and that the court should 

have held a hearing to decide on 
the proper county for the trial.

vent the defendants from receiv­
ing a fair trial in the bay area.

The defen^nts strenuously oh- ;;;e ''it“ tad le^ermined Ttot \he 
jected to the relocation: three 
months earlier they tad asked for 
the change from Monterey

case should be moved. San

County to San Francisco, 
because surveys taken in Monter­
ey County indicated a fair trial 
there would be impossible. They 
believed that San Francisco, be­
cause of its sizeable minority 
group population and relative 
sophistication, might offer a 
better possibility for a'fair trial.

The defendants have appealed 
the decision to send the trial to 
San Diego. A decision on that 
appeal is expected within the 
next few weeks.

Attorney Marvin Stender, 
spokesman for the defense attorn­
eys, stated “We believe that the 
prosecution’s motion for a 
change of venue to San Diego is 
an illegal, unwarranted, and 
blatant attempt to increase the

Diego, the attorneys content, 
clearly does not meet the legal 
requirements for a “convenient" 
county where a “fair and im­
partial trial” can be held.

On September 17, Judge 
Drewes granted the change of 
venue to the prosecution on the 
grounds that the defendants 
could not be given a speedy trial 
in San Francisco, as is their 
right, and that there was a reason­
able probability that neither the 
prosecution nor the defense 
could receive a fair trial in San 
Francisco because of extensive 
publicity surrounding the case.

The defense attorneys assert 
that the court should not even 
have considered the motion for 
change of venue, because the 
California Legislature and

Supreme Court have repeatedly 
denied both the prosecution and 
the courts the right to seek a 
change of venue without the 
consent of the defendants.

They add, moreover, that the 
defendants are not concerned 
about a speedy trial, have, in 
fact, repeatedly asked for more 
time in which to prepare the case, 
and feel that their best chance of 
a fair trial is in San Francisco. 
This, they state, makes-the “solici­
tude of the court in purporting to 
protect the rights of defend­
ants . . .  a sham and an improp­
er intrusion by the court into the 
adversary process,’’

The delenre further contends 
that no evidence has been 
submitted to prove that San 
Francisco could not offer both 
sides a fair trial or that San 
Diego could. The attorneys point 
out that publicity concerning the 
August 7 Marin County Court­
house shooting, which was linked 
in the press to the Soledad Broth­
ers case, was equally widespread 
throughout the state of Cali­
fornia. They note that the prose­
cuting attorney has admitted hav­
ing spoken only to members of

c o n t  on p 7



A Liberal
Misunderstanding 

The Prison System
The California prison system is liberalism run wild. In the 

process, it has becom e a particularly open brand o f  repres­
sion. David Karlen’s article in this issue on the theory and 
practice of the indeterminate sentence law describes the 
problem clearly.

The assumptions are that criminals, if  they are evil at all, 
are evil only temporarily. They com m itted their crimes —  
either attack(s) on  property or on persons (and sometim es 
crimes without victims —  possession o f  drugs) because they 
are undereducated, ignorant, m isguided, and because they 
fail to understand that the Am erican way o f  life is a good  
thing. If they are ignorant and untrained, we wiU smarten 
them up and train them, and when they are ready to  live and 
let live with the prevailing social system, we will release 
them. They will be better people when all is said and done.

In fact, many prisoners are not m istaken at an; they have 
m ade accurate assessm ents o f  the econom ic and social 
system. Everybody has a hustle. The landlord hustle consists 
o f  using half the rent m oney paid by tenants to pay off a 
mortgage, pocketing the rest for 20 years, then selling the 
house for pure profit. The academic hustle m eans reading, 
writing and talking to  people nine m onths o f  the year, and 
collecting $10,000 to  $30,000 for your troubles.

The robber’s hustle means using a gun or som e other 
heavy object to rip o ff a stereo set or a wallet, to get enough  
m oney to pay o ff the landlord. (“Som e m en rob you with a 
six gun, some with a fountain pen.” W oody Guthrie.)

If you’re caught at the robber’s hustle, you are sent to  
prison. If you are good at any one o f a number o f  other 
hustles, you are admired, you are elected to  public office, or 
appointed a judge, both o f  these being even better hustles 
than being a small landlord or a professor.

In prison, the nature o f  the society’s power relationships 
become even clearer: one group o f people (w ho wear uni­
form s with badges) decides the rules for another group o f  
people (w oo wear uniforms without badges) to  obey. Som e­
times a third group, nowhere near the prison, m ake these 
rules, but it’s never clear w ho those people are.

Faced with very clear physical evidence, many inmates 
refuse to change their opinions about the justice o f  it all, and 
refuse to accept the rules laid dow n by the oppressors. If 
they do not admit error, they are, by the rulers’ standards, 
not rehabilitated. They remain in prison.

Last June, 1 looked through the personal folder o f John  
Clutchette, one o f the three prisoners charged with killing a 
Soledad prison guard last January. This is the folder 
presented to the Adult Authority when an inmate seeks 
parole. In 1967, Clutchette was given 15 days in solitary 
confinem ent, for taking part in an “unauthorized Muslim  
grouping.” At the time, all M uslim  groupings were illegal. 
Regulations now allow M uslim  religious gatherings, but the 
record of Clutchette’s evil remains in his folder.

More recently, Clutchette was reprimanded by a prison 
guard for refusing to  remove his hat in the prison cafeteria 
when he was ordered to do so by a guard. Last spring, while 
in solitary confinem ent follow ing the accusation o f the 
killing, Clutchette was further disciphned for refusing to 
shave. His explanation, in his folder, was that the guards 
refused to  give him a mirror to use while shaving, and 
insisted that he use the same razor as the other two dozen  
prisoners on the m axim um  security row. The accusation  
remains and the punishment began before the prison 
“hearing.” Clearly an unrehabilitated prisoner.

S oon  after arriving at San Quentin prison, George_ 
Jackson, another one o f the original three Soledad Brothers, 
sat in a front seat o f  a television room  in one o f the wings, in 
a seat previously reserved for whites only. (If you’re black, 
get back.) A fight broke out. Jackson was placed in solitary 
confinement. Clearly not rehabilitafed, ready to take his 
place in the oppressive world outside the prison gates.

Prisoners and prison rulers'are in open conflict inside 
those dungeons. We had best recognize this, so that we can 
begin to understand what we hear and see about prisons, 
and begin to m ove to change things. Prison rulers are no 
more interested in rehabilitation o f  prisoners than they are 
in becoming prisoners themselves. The articles in this issue 
are convincing on that point.

People outside prison, m eanwhile, have accepted the 
liberal notions o f ignorant (sick?) prisoners, and rehabilita­
tion-minded prison rulers. We have turned our heads, and 
given the rulers, who pretend to be experts in changing con­
victs’ heads, virtually com plete freedom to define the rules o f  
warfare, to  enforce them, to exact punishment for their 
violation, and to make up new rules as they go  along.

PAGE 2

cont on p 6

A  Soledad Acquittal
By Soledad Brothers Defense 

Committee
On September 30 a Monterey 

County jury acquitted three in­
mates of Soledad Prison of 
charges of assaulting several 
prison guards with a deadly 
weapon, and of holding them hos­
tage. Eight guards had testified 
that the inmates had used a knife 
to assault two of the guards. Two 
other prisoners had already been 
freed of the charges by reason of 
insanity and did not stand trial. 
One of these men, Ralph 
Chacon, a chicano inmate, had 
stated in a letter to his attorney 
that he had not seen the sun for 
five years.

The chief defense of the three 
who were acquitted — Robert 
Eschback, Floyd Thompson, and 
Marvin Smith — hinged on the 
inhumane and dehumanizing 
conditions of Soledad Prison’s 
maximum security “O” Wing, 
and the brutality and corruption 
of the prison guards. The jury, as­
tounded by the conditions re­
vealed about “O” Wing, appar­
ently sympathized with the in­
mates, and perhaps for that 
reason were more inclined to be­
lieve their story, which sharply 
contradicted the testimony of the 
guards.

Inmate Johnny Miller testified 
that the altercation with the 
guards began when he witnessed 
,a guard engaged “in a sexual act 
with an inmate, and refused to 
accept a payofi of benzedrine 
from the guard to keep it quiet. 
When he refuse^ _ the guard 
grabbed him, the alarm went off, 
and other guards came nmning. 
Smith, according to Milter, tried 
to break up the fight between 
himself and the guard. Smith, 
Eschback and Thompson had 
been serving meals to the inmates 
when the scuffle broke out. All 
three ran back to their cells when 
guards began using tear-gas.

Miller also testified that no­
body saw Chacon for several 
days after the incident, and at 
that time the Chicano prisoner — 
who has had a long record of 
mental disturbance — had a 
badly swollen head, apparently 
the result of being hit with a tear- 
gas canister.

The prison authorities origin­
ally put out the story that the 
four white and chicano prisoners 
were “neo-Nazis” who were try­
ing to get the guard’s keys so 
they could attack the Soledad 
Brothers; George Jackson, Fleeta 
Drumgo and John Clutchette, 
each locked in solitary on the

same wing. But the Brothers 
themselves shattered this myth 
by befriending the other pris­
oners and asking all those in­
volved in the Soledad Defense to 
aid them as well. Defense Com­
mittee members occupied the 
courtroom during the entire week 
and a half of the trial, surprising 
the inmates with their support.

This case is important because 
it brought out three factors.

1) The conditions in Soledad’s 
“O” Wing. Attorneys for me 
defendants said “We hope this 
verdict will awaken those in 
charge of Soledad that a 6 by 10 
by 23 existence (referring to the 
23 hours a day the inmates spend 
in 6’ by 10’ cells) is repugnant to 
one’s sense of decency.” It was 
the startling revelation of these 
appalling conditions that caused 
the jury to exonerate the inmates 
of these charges.

2) The attempted division of 
prison inmates along racial lines 
which is the traditional and most 
effective tool in th e . prison’s 
arsenal, appears to be breaking 
down. Prisoners are now begin­
ning to see that their true inter­
ests lie in uniting with other pris­
oners, against the abuses and in­
justice of the entire prison sys­
tem, as well as the barbarity and

c o n t  o n  p 7



PAGE 3

Warden Unyielding A s Folsom 
Strike Enters Second Week

Know the Bosses
Adult

IT HAS BEEN ONE HELL 
OF A STRUGGLE BUT RESIS­
TANCE HAS FINALLY CON­
STIPATED EXPLOITATION 
. . . THE PIT STANDS STILL; 
THE VEGETABLES IN THE 
VICIOUS GARDEN ARE IN 
FULL BLOOM REVOLT . . . 
WE ARE ON STRIKE!

These words from a black 
inmate at Folsom prison bring 
the announcement of a strike 
that began at the prison on Nov. 
3, 1970. As of this date the 
brothers, black, white and 
chicano are refusing to work and 
support a prison system that 
exploits and oppresses them. 
They “seek an end to the injustice 
suffered by all prisoners, re­
gardless of race, creed or color.”

Last Monday, six days after 
the beginning of the strike, 
Folsom Warden Walter Craven 
and his gang ended the lock-up 
they began the week before in an 
attempt to resume normal opera­
tions. At least half of the 2,300 
inmates refused to return to 
work, and the prison rulers 
locked all the men in cells again.

In their Manifesto of Demands 
and Anti-Oppression Platform 
the inmates charged that “The 
administrators of the California 
prison system have restructured 
the institutions which were de­
signed to socially correct men 
into the fascist concentration

camps of modern America.” The 
prisoners claim that, instead of 
being helped in their efforts to 
learn to live without violence and 
accept socially approved values 
of law and justice, they are 
treated with hostility and bru­
tality, victimized by exploitation 
and denied due process of law.

In the manifesto of thirty-one 
demands issued to the California 
Department of Corrections, the 
Adult Authority, the Legislature, 
and the California and United 
States Courts, the inmates ask 
for significant changes in legal 
rights, work programs, and 
prison conditions.

They call for an end to the 
indeterminate sentence (such as 
the frequent one-year-to-life 
terms), the right to legal repre­
sentation at parole hearings, and ■ 
the establishment of a lawyers’ 
panel to provide legal assistance 
to inmates.

They endorse a proposal by 
the Black Caucus of the state 
Legislature (made in a report on 
Soledad Prison issued last July) 
that a Board of Overseers for the 
state prison be established to 
investigate complaints by inmates 
“against employees charged with 
acting inhumanely, illegally, or 
unreasonably.” The Caucus 
recommended that the Board 
members be nominated by a 
psychiatric association, the state 
bar, and groups of concerned

nsanity
laymen.

The inmates complain that 
guards tear-gas convicts while 
they are in their cells and are not 
prosecuted for beating or shoot­
ing inmates.

Many of the inmates’ demands 
deal with the prison work 
program. They call for an end to 
wages of 2c to 16c per hour, and 
replacement by statutory mini­
mum wage scales; and an eight- 
hour day, as well as changes in 
working conditions which would 
bring prison industry up to stand­
ards acceptable outside prison 
walls in terms of safety and com­
pensation for injuries.

The inmates have asked that 
negotiation between the prison 
authorities and a designated 
outside committee consisting of 
Charles Garry, Huey P. Newton 
and Sal Candalaria of the Brown 
Berets or their representatives 
begin immediately. The Warden 
at Folsom has refused.

Demonstrations at the gates of 
Folsom as well as at San Quentir. 
and Soledad have taken place. A 
number of groups have endorsed 
the demands of the inmates, in­
cluding the Soledad Bros. 
Defense Committee, the National 
Lawyers Guild, Coordinating 
Council of Prisoner Organi­
zations and a number of unions 
including the AFT, Locals 1928 
and 1352 (both at San Francisco

M e ssa g e  from  Folsom
(Wednesday, November 4)

The situation at this time is 
that we have approximately 2KX) 
people who did not work or 
function in any programmatic 
capacity today. We had approx­
imately 152 people who did fulfill 
their work and vocational assign­
ments. However, it is our feeling 
that within the next 24 hours we 
will have l(X) percent response.

We have had three or four 
incidents where individuals have 
been committed to isolation for 
discussing the strike and for cir-. 
culating literature in this area. As 
it is escalated and the anxieties 
rise a little higher, we do expect 
more suppression from the 
administration. We have been 
peaceable and orderly; we don’t 
desire destructive things, we 
don’t want a violent thing. We 
really want to raise the issue on a 
peaceful level. We feel that this 
way it should maintain the 
respect of the administration, as 
well as the people.

The published statement that 
Warden Craven of Folsom never 
received the demands is absurd. 
He was definitely mailed a set of 
the 31 demands, addressed to 
him. And if he didn’t receive 
them, they have been intercepted 
by prison authorities. They were 
submitted on the 29th of Octo­

ber, and also mailed to the head 
of the Department of Corrections.

We feel that although we are in 
prison, we should not be denied 
all rights and privileges of citi­
zens. We feel that the conditions 
of prison life have been ignored 
too long. We call for all people 
who are concerned about the wel­
fare and conditions of prisoners 
throughout the state, people who 
are concerned about the indeter­
minate sentence, people who are 
concerned about the escalating 
violence perpetrated upon in­
mates in prison, who care about 
what the American doctrine 
stands for, to raise these issues. 
We would appreciate the full sup­
port of all the people and 
organizations who recognize that 
there are injustices being perpe­
trated on the people in prison.

The accusation that this has 
been instigated by outside instiga­
tors is ridiculous, because the in­
side people are the ones who are 
experiencing the conditions ot 
prison, the inside people are the 
people who composed the Mani­
festo, the inside people are the 
ones who are requesting the sup­
port of the outside people regard­
ing the situation inside. It seems 
that they always attempt to 
smear outside people who are 
concerned about the wellarc ol

people in our situation, they 
always attempt to link them in 
some type of conspiracy to push 
them back from the responsi­
bility of aiding the people who 
are being oppressed.

We also wouldn’t be surprised 
if they try to scapegoat individual 
people for this action involving 
all. In any situation in California 
state prisons they find people to 
fit the incident, rather than the 
incident ahat belongs upon the 
people.

We have requested Attorney 
Charles Garry, Sal Candelaria ot 
the Brown Berets and Huey P. 
Newton of the Black Panthers 
and John Irwin of the Coordinat­
ing Council on Prison and Parole 
Reform to negotiate for us for 
the purpose of letting community 
people judge the conditions and 
situations that exist. We have 
chosen these particular people be­
cause we love and respect them, 
and we feel that these people or 
any representatives of these 
people will do what is just and 
right by all. The negotiators were 
unanimously selected by the 
whole prison population and 
they or their representatives will 
speak for us.

prison guards, one is a former dis­
trict attorney, one is a former 
assistant U.S. attorney. The 
eighth man is a dentist.

A majority of the board was 
appointed by Gov. Ronnie Baby, 
but the credentials of the men 
appointed by Democrat Pat 
Brown appear to be little differ­
ent from those of the men 
appointed by the current ruler of 
the state.

Cletus Fitzharris, currently the 
superintendent of Soledad 
Prison, was a member of the 
Adult Authority before appoint­
ment to his current job. Before 
joining the Adult Authority, he 
was associate warden of San 
Quentin Prison. Fitzharris’ idea 
of punishment is described in ex­
cerpts of Judge Harris’s decision 
in Jordan v. Fuzharris, printed 
elsewhere in these pages.

J O IN

In the rehabilitative model 
which underlies the California 
penal system, the members of the 
Adult Authority are penologists, 
meting out individualized justice 
to each inmate, returning him to 
the street when he has seen the 
error of his ways and is ready to 
behave more suitably than he has 
in the past. In fact, the Adult 
Authority members are exactly 
the same people who put inmates 
behind bars to begin with, and 
the same people who keep them 
there now, crushing them with an 
iron fist, no velvet glove wanted.

The Adult Authority consists 
of nine members appointed by 
the governor, without consulta­
tion with the legislature, for five- 
year terms. Eight of the nine posi­
tions are now filled. Of these 
eight men, three are former cops 
or F.B.I. agents. Two are former 
MEMBERS OF THE CALIFORNIA ADULT AUTHORITY 
Henry W. Kerr

Chairman; 10/67 appointed as member; 2/1/68 
appointed chairman. Republican. He joined the Los 
Angeles Police Department in 1937 and reached the 
rank of inspector in 1953. He retired as Assistant 
Commander of the Los Angeles Police Depart­
ment’s Detective Bureau.
He is also a member and former president of the 
Los Angeles Civic Center Speakers Club. Salary - 
$21,000.

Curtis O. Lynum
Vice Chairman; 12/67 appointment as member;3/68 
reappointed member; 2/68 appointed vice-chairman. 
Republican. He went to work for the F.B.I. in 1941 
as a special agent. From 1963 to his retirement in 
July 1968, he was in charge of the F.B.I. office in 
San Francisco. He headed F.B.I. operations in such 
cases as the Frank Sinatra Jr. kidnapping in 1963, 
the Hale Champion Kidnapping, 1965, and the Dan­
ville California, crash of a Pacific Airlines plane in 
1964. He is a graduate of the University of Minne­
sota. He lives in San Mateo.

Thomas R. Flynn
5/66 appointed. Mr. Flynn is a dentist. No other 
information is available.

Manley J. Bowler
Appointed 4/67. Admitted to the Bar in 1940. He 
worked two years as Deputy Attorney for the City 
of Los Angeles; then 6 years as Chief Assistant U.S. 
Attorney in the Southern District of California; 
Chief Deputy Attorney 1957-64. He then became 
Vice President and Legal Counsel for TransAmerica 
Title Insurance Co. Republican.

Walter A. Gordon Jr.
Appointed 4/67. He is 45 years old and has been a 
career Civil Servant in the California Department 
of Corrections and has been a Parole Agent since 
1953. He is a graduate of the University of Cali­
fornia with a B.A. in 1947 and he did some grad­
uate study in criminology. He is a Lt. Colonel in the 
National Guard. Republican. His father was on the 
Adult Authority board and was Governor of the 
Virgin Islands and U.S. District Judge at one time.
He is the only black member of the Authority board. 

Leland M. Edman
Appointed 11 /67. He is 45 years old. Graduated 
from Madera Union High School, Fresno State Col­
lege, Hastings College of Law and admitted to the 
Bar in 1953. He was first in private practice; then 3 
years as Deputy District Attorney in Fresno 
County. He also was an instructor of Criminal Law 
at Humphreys College of Law in Fresno from 1957- 
61. He was Co-chairman of the Public Administra­
tor’s Special Committee to the Fresno County Bar 
Association. A member of the Scottish Rite and 
American Arbitration Association. Also past presi­
dent of Fresno College Laboratory School PTA.
Was active as Advancement Committee Chairman 
at district and council level for the Sequoia Council 
of Boy Scouts.

James H. Hoover
Appointed 6/69. He joined the California Depart­
ment of Corrections in 1956 as a Correctional Offi­
cer in Chino prison. In 1%2 he became a Correct­
ional Sergeant and helped to open the California 
Rehabilitation Center, a center for addicts. In 1963 
he became Program Supervisor at the Southern 
Conservation Center and in 1966 moved back to 
Chino to become the Personnel Training Director 
which post he held until 1%9. He lives in Chino and 
is Republican.

Charles E. Brown
Appointed 4/70. Charles Brown has been on the 
Richmond Police force for 24 years and retired as 
the Chief of Police of Richmond. He is a Democrat 
and is 61 years old. He has also served as a member 
of the Women’s Board of Terms and Paroles. Mr.- 
Brown just finished the study ordered by the Board 
of Corrections on Inspection of Local Detention 
Facilities.



PAGE 4

By David Karien
The indeterminate sentence has 

been used in the California 
prison system since 1917. It has 
recently become widely identified 
as a basic repressive tool of the 
prison authorities because of 
political trials, as that of the Sole- 
dad Brothers. But the dangerous 
properties of the system are not 
restricted to isolated instances of 
political persecution. Rather, 
they extend throughout the entire 
prison system and provide a 
possible example and justifi­
cation for authoritarian bureau­
cratic institutions dealing with 
the general populace, 

t  The idea behind the indetermi- 
'  nate sentence is very simple. 

Prison commitments for a defi­
nite period of time are certainly 
punishments, but the people who 
run prisons decided, 60 years 
ago, that specific commitments 
do not insure a prisoner will 
reform himself and will not 
become a criminal again. 
Penologists and politicians felt 
there was no incentive for a con­
vict to reform his way of life if he 
was going to get out of prison at 
the same time regardless of 
whether he had changed or not.

If this logic is correct, prison 
sentences should be of indetermi­
nate length so that the prisoner 
does not have to be released until 
he has shown sufficient indi­
cations of adhering to approved 
social conduct standards. Ideally, 
the prisoner can be incarcerated 
for his entire life if he does not 
reform.

A board of penological experts 
would administer this system. All 
control over sentence length and 
release dates would be in their 
hands. The judge’s role would be 
limited to merely pronouncing 
the sentence prescribed by law 
after the defendant had been con­
victed.

California System

Theoretically and historically

Stay In Till You’ re Better
tied with the indeterminate 
sentence idea is the necessity of a 
parole system. Once the decision 
is made to release a prisoner, the 
parole system ensures that he 
remains rehabilitated: if he walks 
the wrong path, he is sent Back 
to prison. Without the added 
insurance of post-incarceration 
supervision provided by the 
parole system, a prisoner could 
feign reformation while in prison 
in order to receive a shorter sent­
ence and then return to his prev­
ious life-style once freed. Since 
the terms and conditions of a 
prisoner’s parole can be enforced 
summarily by revoking parole 
pending a hearing on their viola­
tion, there is no need for a time- 
consuming trial and appeal 
process before a parolee c.in be 
returned to prison.

California’s present system 
closely approaches this ideal. 
Under §1168 of the Penal Code, 
defendants found guilty in crimi­
nal trials are sentenced by the 
judge to the term prescribed by 
statute lor that particular 
offense. For example, a first 
conviction for second degree 
burglary carries an automatic 
penalty of 1 to 15 years. For 
offenses considered more serious 
and for multiple offenders, 
sentences commonly range to a 
life term, thus fulfilling the ideal 
of lifetime supervision, supposed­
ly in order to assure complete 
reformation. Second degree 
robbery carries a one-year to life 
sentence.

Enter the Villains

The administrative agency that 
runs this system is a nine- 
member board known as the 
Adult Authority. Its statutory 
powers are basically contained in 
Penal Code §3020-3025 and 
§5075-§5082 and §3040-3065 
which deal with parole.
1. Setting the length of prison 
terms

The Adult Authority has the 
power, under Penal Code §3020, 
to set a prisoner’s prison term at 
less than the statutory maximum. 
Although this is the usual case, 
the decision is one made solely at 
their discretion and there is no 
way to prevent them from refus­
ing to shorten the term.

So far, there have not been a 
large number of legal attacks 
upon these powers that have 
reached the appellate level. The 
most common attack upon this 
arrangement has been that it is 
an unconstitutional delegation of 
a judicial function to an execu­
tive agency in violation of the 
separation of powers doctrine of 
Article 111, Section 1 of the Cali­
fornia Constitution. This argu­
ment has been consistently 
rejected by the courts, the out­
standing opinion being In re Lee 
177 Cal. 690(1917).

That decision held that it was 
the function of the judiciary to 
determine guilt and impose 
sentences, but the sentences for 
the particular offense is,properly 
determinable by the Legislature. 
Once sentence has been imposed, 
the carrying out of that sentence 
is properly an administrative 
function. In addition, the court 
held that the “application of 
various provisions for ameliora­
ting’’ the sentences are also 
administrative and “properly 
exercised by an administrative 
body.’’

Final Authority

The decision in Lee upheld the 
original indeterminate sentence 
law in California. Since there 
were no previous California cases 
on this subject, the judgment 
cites six decisions from other 
states. Only one of these decis­
ions involved a statute providing 
for an administrative board of 
any sort to set sentences at less 
than the statutory maximum and 
that \vas only for boys 16-25 who

were sent to the state reforma­
tory in Kansas. All the other 
cases involved indeterminate sen­
tence laws and parole boards, bot 
no administrative setting of 
sentences.

Nevertheless, Lee has been 
considered to have settled the 
issue for the statutory Adult 
Authority, which is successor to 
the original indeterminate 
sentence law. There are no court 
decisions offering a real analysis 
of what the judicial function in 
sentencing has been in (.he com­
mon law; only a blind following 
of Lee's non-analyds doctrine.
The Judicial function is com­
plete when the court has im­
posed upon the defendant the 
sentence provided >y law for 
the crime for which he has 
been convicted. The function 
of carrying out that sentence 
is administrative rather than 
judicial, and the Adult 
Authority may properly super­
vise that function.

People V. Kostal
159 C.A.2d 444(1958)

Some activities in the area of 
sentencing have been ruled to re­
main “judicial” and thus not a 
proper activity of the Adult 
Authority. Determining whether 
sentences are consecutive or con­
current is a judicial function. 
Also, only the courts can correct 
an error in a sentence. From 
these decisions, it is clear that 
once the court pronounces the 
correct statutory formula for the 
crime for which the defendant 
has been convicted, the courts 
are through with the defendant. 
TTie most important thing to a 
prisoner, the actual length of 
time spent in prison, is seen as a 
purely administrative matter.

Kangaroo Court

Prisoners can’t complain that 
the decisions of the Adult 
Authority deny them equal pro­
tection of the laws. The idea of

Jordan v. Fitzharris
Printed below are excerpts 

jrom the opinion o f then Chief 
Judge George & Harris o f  the 
U.S. District Court for the North­
ern District o f California in the 
case Jordan v. Fitzharris. 257 
F.S. 674 (1966). Jordan was a 
prisoner at Soledad. Fitzharris, 
as now, was prison superin­
tendent.

Jordan claimed that the punish­
ment meted out to him by Fitz­
harris and his associates was 
cruel and unusual punishment, 
and was therefore unconstitu­
tional. He asked for injunctive 
and monetary relief. The first 
was granted, the second, without 
explanation, was denied.

Plaintiffs cruel and unusual 
punishment contention arises out 
of his confinement from July 9 
until July 20, 1%5, in a so-called 
“strip cell” at Soledad. The strip 
cells (6 in number) form part of 
the isolation section of the pris­
on’s maximum security Adjust­
ment Center. Each strip cell meas­
ures approximately 6’-0” by 8’-4”. 
The side and rear walls are solid 
concrete, as is the floor. The 
front wall is constructed of steel 
bars covered by a metal screen.

Access is gained through a slid­
ing barred door.

A second front wall is located 
2’-10” from the barred wall, thus 
forming a kind of vestibule 
between the cell proper and the 
corridor. Set into this otherwise 
solid wall are a 24” x 36” barred

and screened window opening. 
The window openings in this 
outer wall and outer door can be 
closed off by means of a metal 
flap which is hinged at the 
bottom of each window and can 
be swung up and latched at the 
top of the window opening.

Immediately outside of this 
outer wall is an 8’-7 1/2” wide 
corridor which runs past the six 
strip cells, through a barred 
barrier with a locked door, past 
the eighteen isolation cells,

(Continued on page 8)

individual treatment (within the 
statutory maximum) according 
to the best judgment of the Adult 
Authority “afford:j no ground for 
complaint.”

In upholding the administra­
tive nature of sentencing, some 
cases state that there was more in­
volved than rehabilitation. 
Setting of sentences was also con­
sidered a merciful measure, but 
that is still a proper administra­
tive matter.

The settine of a prisoner’s sen­
tence, considered as a purely 
administrative matter, can and 
does, then, take place in an 
informal setting without any pro­
cedural or due process safe­
guards. J he prisoner’s trial is con­
sidered to have ended with his 
conviction and sentencing by the 
judge. The Adult Authority hear­
ing is merely an administrative 
proceeding to set the length of 
the term within the statutory 
limits provided for the particular 
offense. It is in no sense a public 
trial. Therefore, the absence of a 
requirement for notice or a hear­
ing before the term is set doesn’t 
violate the requirements of due 
process. Notice given as required 
in the proceedings leading to the 
original conviction was sufficient.

Because it is an administrative 
act, the speedy trial clause of the 
Constitution is not applicable 
either. Where a prisoner’s term 
was originally set, based on in­
accurate records of the Adult 
Authority, the court ruled that he 
was entitled to a timely determi­
nation of his sentence on a true 
and qorrect record. But ‘Timely” 
in this sense has been interpreted 
to include postponing determina­
tion until the time that the 
prisoner must serve to be eligible 
for parole has expired.

Although entitled to “timely” 
consideration in determining the 
sentence length, no prisoner is 
entitled to have it determined in 
any particular way. When the 
Adult Authority refrains from 
acting, it is equivalent to an 
action declining to reduce the 
sentence from the statutory 
maximum.

In one case, the court accepted 
the prisoner’s contention that, by 
declining to set his sentence, the 
Adult Authority intended to keep 
him a life-termer. Since he was 
considered a ‘/dangerous, appar­
ently incorrigible prisoner from 
whom acts of violence were 
anticipated,” the Adult Authority 
action was held to be quite 
reasonable, and not “arbitrary, 
repugnant to traditional concepts 
of fairness, or designed to 
’destroy’ ” the prisoner. Because 
the .prison system failed to 
reform him did not make its 
operation unconstititutional.

Hands off the Pigs

The best statement of . the 
courts views on supervising the 
Adult Authoritv is in In re Mill 
55 C.2d 646(1%!):
If there is no “compelling 
reason to doubt that the 
Adult Authority has properly 
considered the various factors 
and with equal propriety has 
exercised its discretion there­
on, we are without authority 
to substitute our judgment for 
'iTiat of the duly constituted 
tribunal to which determina­
tion of these matters is com­
mitted.”

cont on p 7



PAGES

Letters From a Brother in Hell
>ay pnson is any less painlul now man aurmg inai iirst expenence.

In my early prison years 1 read all of Rafael Sabatini, particu­
larly The Lion’s Skin. “There once was a man who sold the lion’s 
skin, while the beast still lived, and was killed while hunting him.” 
This story fascinated me. It made me smile even under the lash. The 
hunter bested, the hunted stalking the hunter. The most predatory 
animal on eanh turning on its oppressor and killing it. At the time, 
this ideal existed in me just above the conscious level. It helped me 
to define myself, but it would take me several more years to isolate 
my real enemy. I read Jack London’s "raw and naked, wild and 
free” military novels and dreamed of smashing my enemies entirely, 
overwhelming, vanquishing, crushing them completely, sinking my 
fangs into the hunter’s neck and never, never letting go.

capture, imprisonment, is the closest to being dead that one is 
likely to experience in this life. There were no beatings (for me at 
least) in this youth joint and the food wasn’t too bad. I came 
through it. When told to do something 1 simply played the idiot, 

and spent my time reading. The absentminded bookworm, I was in 
full revolt by the time seven months were up.

They are fighting upstairs now. Ifs 11:00 a.m., June 11. No black 
is supposed to be on the tier upstairs with anyone but other blacks 
but — mistakes take place — and one or two blacks end up on the 
tier with nine or ten white convicts frustrated by the living condi­
tions or openly working with the pigs. The whole ceiling is trem­
bling. In hand-to-hand combat we always win; we lose sometimes if 
the pigs give them knives or zip guns. Lunch will be delayed today, 
the tear gas or whatever it is drifts down to sting my nose and eyes. 
Someone is hurt bad. I hear the meat wagon from the hospital 
being brought up. Pigs probably gave them some weapons. But 1 
must be fair. Sometimes (not more often than necessary) they’ll set 
up one of the Mexican or white convicts. He’ll be one who has not 
been sufficiently racist in his attitudes. After the brothers (enraged 
by previous attacks) kick on this white convict whom the officials 
have set up, he’ll fall right into line with the rest.

Printed below are excerpts from  letters written by George 
Jackson, one o f the three Soledad Brothers accused o f  kill­
ing a prison guard last January. A book o f Jackson’s letters 
was published in September in hard cover (Coward 
McCann) and paperba^ (Bantam); with an introduction by 
Jean Genet. Its title is “Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters 
of George Jackson." Jackson has been in prison fo r  ten 
years since the age o f  18.

The first excerpt is from a letter Jackson wrote to an 
editor at Bantam Books who asked him fo r  an auto­
biography. The second is from a letter from  Jackson to one 
o f his two attorneys fo r  the upcoming trial. Fay Stender, o f  
Berkeley. The two short excerpts are from  letters written to 

friends last June.
A month before this thing happened (Jackson had been accused 

of attempting to rob a store, anti then of attacking the cop who was 
shooting at him), a guy had sold me a motorcycle and provided a 
pink slip that proved to be forged or changed around in some way. 
The bike was hot and I was caught with it. Taken together these 
two things were enough to send me to what California calls Youth 
Authority Corrections. I went to Paso Robels.

The very first time, it was like dying. Just to exist at all in the 
cage calls for some heavy psychic readjustments. Being captured 
was the first of my fears. It may have been inborn. It may have 
been an acquired characteristic built up over the centuries of hlack 
bondage. It is the thing I’ve been running from all my life. When it 
caught up to me in 1957 1 was fifteen years old and not very well 
equipped to deal with sudden changes. The Youth Authority joints 
are places that demand complete capitulation; one must cease to 
resist altogether or else . . .

The emolovees are the same general tvpes found lounging at all 
prison facilities. They need a job—any job; the state needs goons. 
Chino was almost new at the time. The regular housing units were 
arranged so that at all times one could see the lockup unit. I think 
they called it “X.” We existed from day to day to avoid it. How 
much we ate was strictly controlled, so was the amount of rest. 
After lights went out, no one could move from his bed without a 
flash of the pigs’ handlight. During the day the bed couldn’t be 
touched. There were so many compulsories that very few of us 
could manage to stay out of trouble even with our best efforts. 
Everything was programmed right down to the precise spoonful. 
We were made to march in military fashion everywhere we 
went—to the gym, to the mess hall, to compulsory prayer meetings. 
And then we just marched. I pretended that 1 couldn’t hear well or 
understand anything but the simplest directions so I was never 
given anything but the simplest work. I was lucky; always when my 
mind failed me I’ve had great luck to carry me through.

All my life I’ve done exactly what 1 wanted to do just when I 
wanted, no more, perhaps less sometimes, but never any more, 
which explains why 1 had to be jailed. “Man was born free. But 
everywhere he is in chains.” I never adjusted. 1 haven’t adjusted 
even yet, with half my life already spent in prison. I can’t truthfully

June, 1970

1 haven’t seen the night sky for 
a decade. During the eacly sixties 
in San Quentin, “lockup” meant 
just that, twenty-four hours a 
day„ all day,, a shower-once a 
week, and this could last for 
months (it’s not changed much). 
On a shower walk one day in 
’63??, a brother called me to his 
cell for an opinion on his work 
he was doing on his walls. He 
had drawn in the night sky with 
colored pencils and against it, life 
size, lifelike (he was good), 
female comrades — some with 
fluffy naturals like my sister 
Angie, some with silky naturals 
like my sister Betsy. He had 
worked on it for three months. It 
was enormous—beautiful, pre- 

. cise, mellow. When he finished 
the last strokes the pigs moved 
him to another cell and painted 
over it, gave him a bad-conduct 
report, and made him pay for the 
new coat of paint. That brother 
didn’t draw much any more last 
time 1 saw him. Some political 
cartoons, abstracts in book 
margins. Life’s “a tale told by an 
idiot.” Have you read any 
Shekespeare? I really enjoyed 
him when I was young. Macbeth 
is timeless, put him in a Brooks 
Brothers or a uniform and he’d 
fit right into the seventies. But 
you read all that stuff when you 
were in high school. 1 keep 
forgetting your background 
(class). Forgive me, sister, forgive 
the parochialism 1 sometimes^slip 
into, habits formed in being, and 
addressing myself to, the hind­
most.

From Dachau with love—
George

Dear G.,
The California Adult Author­

ity board and inmate Jackson 
A63837 clashed for the final time 
in June 1969. When 1 was called

cont on p 7

Take the individual who has been in the general prison popu­
lation for a time. Picture him as an average convict with the aver­
age twelve-year-old mentality, the nation’s norm. He wants out, he 
wants a woman and a beer. Let’s say this average convict is white 
and has just been caught attempting to escape. They may put him 
on Max Row. This is the worst thing that will ever happen to him. 
In the general population facility there are no chains and cuffs. 
TVs, radios, record players, civilian sweaters, keys to his own ceil 
for daytime use, serve to keep his mind off his real problems. There 
is also a recreation yard with all sorts of balls and instruments to 
strike or thrust at. There is a gym. There are movies and a library 
well stocked with light fiction. And of course there is work, where 
for two or three cents an hour convicts here at Soledad make paper 
products, furniture, and clothing. Some people actually like this 
work since it does provide some money for the small things and 
helps them to get through their day — without thinking about their 
real problems.

Take an innocent con out of this general population setting 
(because a pig “thought” he may have seen him attempting a lock). 
Bring him to any part of O Wing (the worst part of the adjustment 
center of which Max Row is a part). He will be cuffed, chained, 
belted, pressured by police who think that every convict should be 
an informer. He will be pressured by the white cons to join their 
racist brand of politics (they all go under the nickname “Hitler’s 
Helpers”). If he is predisposed to help black he will be pushed 
away—by black. Three weeks is enough. The strongest hold out no 
more than a couple of weeks. There has been one white man only 
to go through this O Wing experience without losing his balance, 
without allowing himself to succumb to the madness of ribald, 
protrusive racism.

It destroys the logical processes of the mind, a man’s thoughts 
become completely disorganized. The noise, madness streaming 
from every throat, frustrated sounds from the bars, metallic sounds 
from the walls, the steel trays, the iron beds bolted to the wall, the 
hollow sounds from a cast-iron sink or toilet.

The smells, the human waste thrown at us, unwashed bodies, the 
rotten food. When a white con leaves here he’s ruined for life. No 
black leaves Max Row walking. Either he leaves on the meat 
wagon or he leaves crawling licking at the pig’s feet.

Ironic, because one cannot get a parole to the outside prison 
directly from O Wing, Max Row. It’s positively not done. The 
parole board won’t even consider the Max Row case. So a man 
licks at the feet of the pig not for a release to the outside world but 
for the privilege of going upstairs to O Wing adjustment center. 
There the licking process must continue if a parole is the object. 
You can count on one hand the number of people who have been 
paroled to the streets from O Wing proper in all the years that the 
prison has existed.

One can understand the depression felt by an inmate on Max 
Row. He’s fallen as far as he can into the social trap, relief is so 
distant that it is very easy for him to lose his holds. In two weeks 
that little average man who may have ended up on Max Row for

cont on p 6



PAGES

Soledad Seven Hearing
By Marie Roberson

On October 13, 1970 seven 
Black inmates of Soledad prison 
were brought to Monterey Coun­
ty’s Municipal Court Building in 
Salinas, California for the pre­
liminary hearing on the inmates’ 
alleged murder of a Soledad 
prison guard in July, 1970.

The brothers weie chained — 
hands and feet, when delivered 
and picked up in a closed garage 
beneath the court house. Despite 
police attempts to keep the broth­
ers from the view of their sup­
porters (and of course, to prevent 
the brothers realizing how much 
support they had), many brothers 
and sisters were at the garage 
with clenched fists and shouts of 
“Right on.’’ and “We’re with 
you.’’

The court has a seating capac­
ity of 200, but only 77 persons 
were allowed in the court becau.se 
of a new fire regulation put into 
effect shortly before the hearing. 
.\pproximately 40 people from 
l.os .Angeles weren't allowed into 
the court room.

Just belore the hearing began, 
the Sheriffs officers took pic­
tures and fingerprints from all im­
mediate family members, claim­
ing that this would insure that all 
family members got into the 
court room. Inside family mem­
bers were given seats in the back 
of the court, although one 
mother insisted on sitting and sat 
in the front row. Other family 
members then moved closer to 
the front of the court.

Supporters of the seven stood 
up as they shuffled in; when 
Judge Machado entered, some 
brothers and sisters assumed var­
ious postures between standing 
and sitting and others didn’t both­
er to move at all.

The atmosphere in the court 
room was not charged, but it was 
apparent that sides had been 
established. The proceeding was 
interesting, but fairly predictable. 
Patrick Hallinan and Joe Rhine, 
the Seven’s attorneys, made three 
requests all of which were immed­
iately denied. They asked that (I) 
the people on the outside be 
allowed to come in until the 
court was filled to capacity; (2) 
the prisoners be allowed more hu­
mane visitation privileges (unlike 
most Soledad prisoners, they 
may speak to their visitors only 
through wire mesh, for short per­
iods of time, etc.); and (3) the 
prisoners be unshackled as it was 
unbecoming to their dignity, 
interfered with their taking notes, 
and made unnecessary noise.

Getting down to what he called 
the “nitty gritty,” Hallinan stated 
that he and Rhine had had only 5 
days to prepare for the hearing. 
He asked for a 30 day extension 
of the hearing to adequately inter­
view prisoners whom the state in­
conveniently (convenient for the 
state’s purpose) scattered over 
the state, and to adequately re­
view testimony against the Seven 
taken by prison officials.

Upon denial of this request.

Jackson Letters
cont from p 5

suspicion oj attempted escape is so brutlized, so completely without 
holds, that he will never heal again. It’s worse than Vietnam.

The picture that ! have painted of Soledad’s general population 
facility may have made it sound not too bad at ail. That mistaken 
impression would result from the absence in my description of one 
more very important feature of the main line -terrorism. A 
frightening, petrifying diffusion of violence and intimidation is 
emitted from the offices of the warden and captain. How else could 
a small group of armed men be expected to hold and rule another 
much larger group except through fear?

We have a gym (inducement to throw away our energies with a 
ball instead of revolution). But if you walk into this gym with a 
cigarette burning, you're probably in trouble. There is a pig waiting 
to trap you. There’s a sign “No Smoking.” If you miss the sign, 
trouble. If you drop the cigarette to comply, trouble. The floor is 
regarded as something of a fire hazard (I’m not certain what the pre­
text is). There are no receptacles. The pig will pounce. You’ll be 
told in no uncertain terms to scrape the cigarette from the floor 
with your hands. It builds from there. You have a gym but only cer­
tain things may be done and in specified ways. Since the rules 
change with the pigs' mood, it is really safer for a man to stay in his 
cell.

You have to work with emoluments that range from nothing to 
three cents an hour! But once you accept any pay job in the prisons 
industrial sector you cannot get out whthout going through the bad 
conduct process. When workers are needed, it isn’t a case of accept­
ing a job in this area. You take the job or you’re automatically 
refusing to work, even if you clearly stated that you would 
cooperate in other employment. The same atmosphere prevails on 
the recreation yard where any type of minor mistake could result 
not in merely a bad conduct report and placement in adjustment 
center, but death. A fistfight, a temporary, trivial loss of temper 
will bring a fusillade of bullets down on the darker of the two men 
fighting.

You can't begin to measure the bad feeling caused by the 
existence of one TV set shared by 140 men. Think! One TV, 140 
men. If there is more than one channel, what's going to occur? In 
Soledad’s TV rooms there has been murder, mayhem, and destruct­
ion of many TV sets.

The blacks occupy one side of the room and the whites and Mexi­
cans the other. (Isn’t it significant in some way that, our numbers 
in prison are sufficient to justify the claiming of half of all these 
facilities?)

We have a side, they have a side. What does your imagination

the Brothers and their attorneys 
waived the preliminary hearing. 
It was evident that the court had 
been caught off guard. The slow 
thinking District Attorney con­
sented to the waiver and then 
asked for a five minute recess 
which he rushed out of the room 
and rushed back in to flip 
through a book on his table. 
After the recess, the judge again 
asked the prosecutor if he con­
sented to the waiver; his feeble 
reply was, “Yes.”

The political significance of the 
waived preliminary is that it lets 
prison officials know that they 
will not always get away with 
their scheme of divide and rule. 
According to Hallinan, notices 
had been posted on the halls of 
Soledad prison stating that any 
prisoner who would testify 
against the Seven would be given 
$500 or paroled. All of the pris­
oners ' who agreed to testify 
against the Seven were up for 
parole within a month. If the pre­
liminary hearing had been held, 
the witnesses would have testified 
at that hearing, recieved parole, 
and left town. At the trial, this 
testimony would have been read 
to fihe jury and entered in the 
trial record without the defense 
being able to cross-examine these 
witnesses. California v. Green

LATE NEWS
Judge Gordon Campbell has 

saddled the seven with six law­
yers who the prisoners refuse to 
speak to, and has refused to 
appoint six experienced criminal 
lawyers who the prisoners, all in­
digent, want to represent th^m. 
Over the objections of everybody 
involved, the judge set the trial 
date for mid-December.

The attorneys wanted by the 
defendants who are willing to de­
fend them, include Marvin 
Slender, Richard Hodge, who 
represented Los Siete and Oak­
land 7 defendants. Penny Cooper 
of Berkeley, Ron Bondoc, Dick 
Patsey, and Patrick Hallinan. 
The lawyers assigned by 
Campbell are a Monterey 
County public defender and five 
private local lawyers.

Stephen Shames/Photon West

envisage out of a hypothetic^ situation where Nina Simone sings, 
Angela Davis speaks, and Jim Brown “splits” on one channel, while 
Merle Haggard yodels and bets for an ass kicking on another. The 
fight will follow immediately after some brother, who is less demo­
cratic than he is starved for beauty (we did vote, but they’re sixty to 
our forty), turns the station to see Angela Davis. What lines do you 
think the fighting will be along? Won’t it be Angela and me against 
Merle Haggard?

But this situation is tolerable at least up to a point. It was worse. 
When I entered the joint on this offense, they had half and we had 
half, but our half was in the back.

In a case like the one just mentioned, the white convicts win start 
passing the word among themselves that all whites should be in the 
TV room to vote in the “Cadillac cowboy.” The two groups 
polarize out of a situation created by whom? It’s just like the 
outside. Nothing at all complicated about it. When people walk on 
each other, when disharmony is the norm, when organisms start 
falling apart it is the fault of those whose responsibility it is to 
govern. They’re doing something wrong. They shouldn’t have been 
trusted with the responsibility.

Shut
it

Down

A Poem To sipring — Nov. 1970 

Spring Bobby!

Spring the Soledad Brothers! 

Spring the N.Y. 21!

Spring the New Haven 9!

Spring all Political Prisoners!

cont from p 2
Judges often are chosen from am ong the prosecutors: 

district attorneys or U .S. attorneys. They see no reason to 
rescue the prisoners from their oppressors. In fact, judges 
generally refuse to intercede when prisoners ask their assis­
tance in limiting the arbitrariness o f  the oppressors. See 
David Karlon’s article.

Ex-convicts are generally not allow ed to vote, although a 
recent California decision changed that slightly. If their 
families are econom ically lower class, they vote in dispro­
portionately small numbers.-Prisoners certainly do not vote.

It is a violation o f parole conditions, and cause enough for 
immediate revocation o f  parole, for a person on parole to  
associate with another person on parole. Growth o f a 
political organization o f  former convicts is thus impossible.

Legislators have little reason to  care about the warfare 
inside prison.

In the executive branch —  well, there’s Ronald Reagan, 
and there was Pat Brown before him. Som etim e before that 
was Earl Warren, who, during W orld War II, was an 
enthusiastic supporter o f  prison camps for all Americans of  
Japanese descent.

We liberals and conservatives out here have refused to 
keep the oppressors who rule the prisons on a leash. The 
recent uprisings in New York City, in Folsom , Soledad, and 
less publicized struggles in other prisons, suggest that wt 
have already given these rulers rope enough to hand 

themselves. — M artin Fasslei



PAGE/

Soledad Brigade Adult Authority
, .n  in i i i n c  ’7 n  ( th e  iKual arranee- ront from P  h  . .

(Continued from page 8)
cal literature, integrated a segre­
gated prison TV room, and in 
general refused to grovel before 
the prison authorities.

Similar reprisals have already 
begun against other inmates 
connected with the Soledad 
Brothers case. Several inmates 
who contributed money from 
their meager incomes to the 
defense fund, have been denied 
parole and told orally that their 
eontribution was the reason. 
Former inmates of Y wing have 
been told that if they cooperate 
with the Soledad Brothers de­
fense they will never be paroled. 
The simple fact that a man is in 
O wing, and many of the inmates 
in question have already been 
placed there, is usually 
considered sufficient reason to 
deny him parole.

Faced with this repression, 
lawyers for the Soledad Brothers 
wrote to the President of the 
State Bar, asking for the assist­
ance of the Bar in dealing with 
the situation. They received a 
reply, on Sept. 8, stating that “It 
is not and should never be a 
function of the State Bar to 
. . . assist in proteeting the 
rights of witnesses in criminal 
action.”

The Defense Committee then 
contacted the prison committee 
of the regional office of the 
National Lawyers Guild, and 
through them the Soledad Brig-

Some 60 attorneys have volun­
teered their services to the brig­
ade so far. On Sept. 21, individ­
ual letters were sent to the 170 
inmates at Soledad involved, 
informing them of the existence 
and functions of the brigade, and 
of the intention of the defense 
lawyers to subpoena persons who 
were inmates of Y wing on Jan. 
16, to testify at the trial. Most of 
the inmates, however, had 
already been transferred out of 
Soledad, and scattered among' 
prisons throughout the state.' 
Over 80 of the letters' were re­
turned from Soledad marked 
“moved, address unknown." The 
brigade is currently attempting to 
obtain a list of addresses for 
these inmates frqm the prison 
officials.

A small number of letters, how­
ever were delivered, and the brig­
ade has received fifteen replies 
from inmates so far. Eleven of 
those asked to see a brigade 
attomey, and many expressed 
enthusiasm for the work bf the 
brigade and the defense com­
mittee.

Four inmates asked to be left 
alone, and expressed hope that 
they would not be subpoenaed or 
contacted again. Their replies are 
particularly interesting, because 
they express clearly the terror 
that inmates are subjected to. 
These are men who have had a 
date set for their release, and

ade was organized. The aim of they are afraid that if they do 
the Brigade is to provide a lawyer anything that displeases the 
for each individual inmate who authorities they will lose, 
was on Y wing at the time of the possibly forever, their chance to 
killing, to protect him from obtain freedom. One such inmate 
intimidation and reprisals for asked “Affirmative court relief 
testifying truthfully on behalf of from subtle, unwritten press- 
the three brothers. Specifically, if liresT’ His letter continues: 
an inmate seeks the help of the 7 realize you are concerned for 
Brigade, he will be provided with your clients but as o f this winter 
a lawyer who will: I  will be starting my life again

«■' interview him before the trial; from scratch. Do you understand
•  watch over his disciplinary what that means? It means that if  

files before and after the trial; 7 work like a dog for a few years
•  request permission to attend 7 might have a wardrobe, trans- 

the Adult Authority hearing at portation, and a place to stay. I f  
which he is considered for parole; you subpoena me, not only wilt I
•  provide other help as request- probably lose my job but in my 

ed and feasible (not including the opinion it certainly won’t be at 
bringing of habeas corpus actions all conducive to my parole.
with respect to the original Qearly the task facing the Sole- 
conviction); dad Brigade is immense, and the
•  contact the prisoner’s own at- atrocities in California prisons

torney with respect to these that are coming to light in the 
matters, if asked; course of the Soledad Brothers
•  cooperate with other at- case are only the tip of the ice- 

torneys in seeking affirmative berg. Help is still needed in prov- 
release if a pattern of reprisals iding protection to the inmates

involved. Interested law students 
should contact David Sklare at 
the Regional Office of the Nation­
al Lawyers Guild, 197 Steiner 
Street, S.F., 863-5193.“ I

cont from p 2

corruption of individual prison 
guards. It was this understanding 
that led the three black Soledad 
Brothers to extend their support 
to four white inmates and a chi- 
cano whom they had been told 
were thdr enemies.
3) The jury gave a fair and just 
decision, taking all factors into 
account But the jury was one 
absolutely typical of Salinas, 
Monterey County, typicaL in fact 
of most juries in this <»untry: 
white, middle-aged, and middle 
class. One question must be 
asked; Would their response have 
been the same if the prisoners in-

cont from p 5 
up in June ’70 (the usual arrange­
ment is once a year), I refused to 
go. 1 was already under indict­
ment for the murder of the pig 
and it wasn’t very likely that 1 
would be given consideration for 
anything but the firing squad. 
The June 1969 appearance, how­
ever, was very significant because 
it followed a six-month post­
ponement. 1 had gone to the 
board for the eighth time in 
December 1968. 1 was told by the 
institution employee who always 
sits on the board hearings that I 
was “granted a parole.” t  would 
be back on the street on March 
4. 1 walked back to my cell tell­
ing everyone I had a “date.” 1 
even wrote to my family. Three 
days later I was informed that a 
mistake had been made. Consid­
eration of my case was post­
poned for six months. They ex­
plained to me that 1 would be 
transferred to Soledad from San 
Quentin. If 1 did well for six 
months at Soledad, 1 would be 
given parole for certain. When 
the June 1969 appearance finally 
took place different people were 
on the board panel. No one 
could find any reference to the 
promises made to me by the 
earlier board. 1 was denied for 
another full year.

All the other board 
appearances were tense affairs 
conducted in an atmosphere of 
mutual hostility. We argued over 
conflicting interpretations of the 
disciplinary reports in my central 
file. I had been accused of being 
a Muslim, Communist, agitator, 
nationalist, loan shark, thief, 
assassin, and saboteur. Nothing 
was ever settled, nothing was 
really exchanged except hostility.

Power to the People.
Comrade George

!
cont from p 1

volved had been biack? Perhaps 
the response would be yes. But 
given the history of this country’s 
version of justice for black 
people, we can only reserve our 
judgment on this matter until we 
see the outcome of the remaining 
Soledad cases.

Lawyers for the three defend­
ants were Mike Willey and Ed 
Caldwell, both of San Francisco, 
each with some, but not exten­
sive eriminal experience. They de- 

r.fended Eschback, Thompson and 
Smith without charge, after being 
persuaded to handle the case by 
the Soledad defense committee.

the San Francisco District 
Attorney’s office and to one 
anonymous resident of the city to 
buttress his claim that neither 
side could get a fair trial in San 
Francisco. And they claim that 
San Diego is even more likely to 
be prejudiced against the defen­
dants because of its conservative 
population.

The attorneys state that, 
according to Kevin Phillips, in 
his book The Emerging Republi­
can Majority, blacks in San 
Diego call their city “the Missis­
sippi of the Wesj.” They claim 
“In seeking San Diego as the site 
for the trial, the prosecution has 
sought to bring the defendants 
before those most likely to con­
vict, whether or not guilty. The 
populace of Sah Diego is least 
likely to produce jurors who are 
black or who share the political 
or social ideas of the defend­
ants.” For these reasons, and 
because San Diego is geographi­
cally inconvenient for the attorn­
eys, the county should not have 
been chosen as the site for the 
trial even if a change were war­
ranted.

The Soledad Brothers 
George Jackson, John Clutch- 
ette, and Fleeta Drumgo — are 
accused of killing a guard at Sole­
dad Prison last January, three 
days after another guard shot 
and killed three black inmates. 
The trial was moved from 
Monterey County to San Fran­
cisco in June, after the defense 
attorneys presented evidence that 
the defendants could not get a 
fair trial in Monterey County.

cont from p
Vet what would be a “compell­

ing reason” for the court to inter­
fere is not very definite. Because 
the Adult Authority is theoreti­
cally a board of “experts” with 
access to the prisoner’s entire 
prison and pre-prison records, 
they are presumed to be the best 
judges of the situation. They may. 
consider the prisoner’s arrest 
record, the degree of violence or 
amount ot viciousness used in his 
crimes, and his entire prison disci­
plinary record. Since a major pur­
pose of the indeterminate 
sentence law is to permit individ­
ual treatment of offenders accord­
ing to the best judgment of the 
Adult Authority, “the discretion 
lodged in the Authority is so 
broad that it is seldom that a 
case can be made out that would 
show an abuse of that discretion.”

» .  EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM

The case law frequently men­
tions the goal of rehabilitative 
treatment and of the individual­
ization of punishment necessary 
to achieve that goal. These were 
the foremost reasons advanced 
for the adoption of the indetermi­
nate sentence when it was first 
being widely discussed in the late 
1800’s.

However, no matter how 
sincere these professions of 
reformist motives are, the system 
obviously functions as a com­
plete control mechanism over the 
lives of the prisoners, even 
extending to their normal activi­
ties outside prison while on 
parole. Whether or not the 
prison system adequately 
prepares the inmates for a 
normal life outside prison, the 
incredible discretionary power of 

-  the Adult Authority certainly 
functions to keep them in line, to 
make them fit into the Adult 
Authority’s conception of a good 
citizen, by keeping the threat of 
increased punishment over the 
heads of prisoners without any 
real need to justify their actions 
|to anyone.

Dwelling upon the hypocrisy 
of the discrepancy between the 
announced purpose of rehabilita­
tion and the completely authori­
tarian nature of the system would 
not be a very productive form of 
analysis. That would only dilute 
the amount of attention that 
should be paid to the most 
important aspect of the problem 
— the consequnces of the exist­
ence of such a system of un­
fettered controls over the lives of 
a segment of the population.

John Irwin, a sociologist at 
San Francisco State, has outlined 
the effects of the system upon the 
prisoner population in his book. 
The Felon. At first, the inmates 
received the rehabilitative philos­
ophy enthusiastically, but general 
disillusionment soon set in for 
several important reasons.

1. The program has failed be­
cause recidivism rates have not 
been lowered.

2. The prisoners have begun to 
see that custodial concerns, 
administrative convenience, and 
punishment have been masked 
under the guise of “treatment.”

3. The prisoners resent highly 
the sickness image that is the 
foundation of the treatment ideal.

4. A tremendous sense of in­
justice has been created by the 
extraordinary unchecked powers 
of the Adult Authority under

such a fraudulent system of justi­
fications. There is no fairness in 
the determination of their 
sentence — no due process and 
no standards of term length to 
which the Adult Authority can 
be held accountable. All kinds of 
considerations extraneous to the 
conviction for which the prisoner 
is serving time often affect the 
board’s decisions. And the ability 
to reset sentences leaves the 
prisoner at the mercy of prison 
authorities reports on their behav- 
lOUR] It should come as no sur­
prise that the recent California 
prison strike made the Adult 
Authority its number one target.

Treatment of prisoners as non­
persons with no protection from 
arbitrary authority has far great­
er consequences than the defeat 
of the ostensible goal of rehabili­
tation. Denying the possibilities 
of any rudimentary justice to any 
segment of society automatically 
dehumanizes that group. Those 
unfortunate people pay too high 
a price for their sins.

“Experts” Control Lives

The indeterminate sentence sys­
tem not only cheapens American 
Justice by arbitrarily denying any 
of its protections to certain 
groups, but sets dangerous prece­
dents and justifications for its 
future application to other 
unpopular groups. These people 
will be designated misfits who 
have to undergo “treatment” in 
order to induce their conformity 
with officially sanctioned 
conduct. Punishment will wear 
the humanitarian guise of 
“rehabilitation.” Uncontrolled  
authority will be justified as an 
obvious administrative necessity 
whose rationale is unquestion­
able because the “experts” have, 
made the decision.

Laymen or judges would be 
defined to lack the necesary quali­
fications, expertise, or access to 
information to even criticize, 
much less contradict, these 
administrative decisions. Social 
non-conformity will be viewed as 
a sickness to be cured by the 
social engineers of socity. The 
political or sociological phenom­
enon of criticism or dissent will 
lack any legitimacy whatsoever.

America, Beware

As this rationale becomes 
better articulated in tbe penologi­
cal jargon, any legal battle 
against it will become hopeless. 
Already, an analysis of the case 
biw shows an easy acceptance by 
judges of basically unfettered 
administrative discretion. Search­
ing for inconsistencies in the fine 
points of their justifications of 
the present system would be fruit­
less. The only legal attack that 
would have any possibility of suc­
cess in injecting an element of 
judicial control over the system 
would have to go beyond any 
argument based on past prece­
dents and point out the exact 
nature and consequences of the 
system and the inconsistency of 
these consequences with basic 
constitutional requirements of 
due process. Additionally, the 
entire rehabilitative philosophy 
would have to be exposed as a 
fraud. Although surprises may 
occur, given the state of the 
conventional legal wisdom in this 
area, judicial liberation of the 
system is improbable.



PAGES

Fitzharris Decision
cont from p 4

through a "sally port” ta small 
rectangular, barred enclosure 
having two locked .doors) and 
into another corridor where it 
terminates. In this latter corridor 
is located the officers’ area.

Thus the strip cells are placed 
at the opposite end of the wing 
from the officers’ area and an 
officer must pass through three 
locked doors to get from his area 
to the strip cells. Across the corri­
dor from the strip cells is the 
outer wall of the wing. This wall 
has barred windows which 
formerly contained glass but now 
are partially covered by sheet 
metal.

The interiors of the strip cells 
are entirely devoid of furnishings 
except as follows: Four of the 
strip cells have an ordinary com­
mode toilet encased in concrete. 
The remaining two strip cells 
have a so-called “Oriental’’ toilet, 
i.e., a hole in the floor. None of 
the toilets can be flushed by the 
occupant of the cell, but must be 
flushed from outside the cell by 
an officer or an inmate porter. 
The flushing mechanism is 
located in a tunnel immediately 
behind the row of strip cells.

Heat and ventilation are 
suonlied to the strip cells through 
two ducts located high on the 
rear walls of the cells. The cells 
have no interior source of light. 
When the flaps on the outer wall 
are closed the cells are totally 
dark except for such light as may 
seep in through the crakes 
around the flaps and the outer 
door.

Plaintiff testified, and the 
records indicate, that he was

placed in a strip cell on the eve­
ning of Friday, July 9, 1965. He 
remained continuously in the cell 
until the morning of Tuesday, 
July 20, 1965, except for a brief 
period on Tuesday, July " 13, 
when he was removed from the 
cell, taken to a hearing before the 
Disciplinary Committee, and 
returned to the cell.

The amended complaint filed 
by Jordan, through his appointed 
counsel particularized his griev­
ances and charged substantially 
as follows:

On or about July 9, 1965, 
plaintijj was placed in a special 
punishment unit at the Correct­
ional Training Facility, known as 
a “strip cell" (hereinafter referred 
to as “strip celF). Plaintiff was 
continuously confined in solitary 
confinement in said strip cell fo r  
twelve consecutive days.

During plaintiffs confinement 
in said strip cell, plaintiff was 
forced to remain in said strip cell 
with said flaps and door of the 
second wall closed. As a result, 
plaintiff was deprived of light 
and ventilation for twelve days, 
except that twice a day the door 
of the second wall was opened 
for approximately fifteen minutes.

The interior of said strip cell is 
without any facilities, except that 
there is a raised concrete 
platform at the rear of the cell 
containing a hole to receive 
bodily w.astes. There is no 
mechanism within the ceil for 
“flushing” bodily wastes from 
this hole. “Flushing” is controlled 
by personnel of the Correctional 
Training Facility from the ex­
terior of said strip cell. The hole 
was only “flushed” at 9:00 p.m.

on some of the twelve days plain­
tiff was confined in said strip cell.

During plaintiffs confinement 
in said strip cell, the strip cell was 
never cleaned. As a result of the 
continuous state of filth to which 
plaintiff was subjected, plaintiff 
was often nauseous and vomited, 
and the vomit was never cleaned 
from the plaintiffs cell. When 
plaintiff was first brought to the 
strip cell, the floors and walls of 
the strip cell were covered \vith 
the bodily wastes of previous 
inhabitants of the strip cell. 
Plaintiff is informed and believes 
and bn that basis alleges that said 
strip cell had not been cleaned 
for at least thirty days before 
plaintiff was confined therein.

Plaintiff was forced to remain 
in said strip cell for twelve days 
without any means of cleaning 
his hands, body or teeth. No 
means was provided which could 
enable plaintiff to clean any part 
of his body at any time. Plaintiff 
was forced to handle and eat his 
food without even the semblance 
of cleanliness or any provision 
for sanitary conditions.

For the first eight days of plain­
tiffs confinement in said strip 
cell, plaintiff was not permitted 
clothing of any nature and was 
forced to remain in said strip cell 
absolutely naked. Thereafter, 
plaintiff was given a pair of 
rough overalls only.

Plaintiff was forced to remain 
in said strip cell with no place to 
sleep but on the cold concrete 
floor of the strip cell, except that 
a stiff canvas mat approximately 
4 1/2 feet by 5 1/2 feet was 
provided. Said mat was so stiff 
that it could not be folded to

Soledad Brigade

By Sam Gross

About 170 prisoners were hous­
ed in Y wing of the Soledad 
Prison on Jan. 16, 1970, when a 
white prison guard was killed. 
After the death, for over a week, 
all the inmates of Y wing were 
kept in isolation and interro­
gated; many were threatened 
with long confinement or prom­
ised early parole in the process. 
Eventually, three young militant 
black inmates John Wesley 
Cluchette. Fleeta Drumgo, and 
George L. Jackson -were 
charged with murder, in what has 
become a major political prosecu­
tion. One of the major problems 
that has faced the defense in this 
case is the intimidation and 
harrasment by the prison author­
ities of the witnesses to the events 
surrounding the killing.

In the initial interrogations 
and subsequently, inmates have 
been told that they themselves 
might be prosecuted for the kill­
ing if they didn’t cooperate. 
Inmates have also been threat­
ened with, and in many cases 
subjected to, confinement to O 
wing, the maximum security 
“Adjustment Center” of Soledad 
Prison, where they are locked in 
their cells 23'A hours a day, and 
their priviliges a re abrogated.

cover plaintiff without such con­
scious exertion by plaintiff that 
sleep was impossible. Plaintiff is 
six feet and one inch tall and 
could not be adequately covered 
by said stiff canvas mat over him­
self. The strip cell was not heated 
during the time that plaintiff was 
forced to remain there.

It is evident from the foregoing 
narrative of Jordan’s testimony 
that he was required to eat the 
meager prison fare in the stench 
and filth that surrounded him, 
together with the accompanying 
odors that ordinarily permeated 
the cell. Absent the ordinary 
means of cleansing .his hands 
preparatory to eating, it was sug­
gested by the prison consulting 
psychiatrist. Dr. Hack, that he 
might very well use toilet paper 
for this purpose plus his small 
ration of water, being two cups a 
day. (Tr. n. 597)

Regarding medical care: 
Jordan requested from time to 
time medical assistance through 
the medical officer. Dr. Kunkel. 
As evidence of the limited medi­
cal care provided, the official 
records demonstrate 'that Dr. 
Kunkel came into the wing where 
the strip cells are located and 
spent eight minutes on one occas­
ion and ten minutes on another 
occasion, thus servicing one 
hundred and eight inmates.

It is to be observed that tne 
inmates and their testimony were 
subjected to vigorous and search­
ing cross-examination. Notwith­
standing such scrutiny, the nStra- 
tives contain the essentials of 
truth and are credible and 
convincing.

For More Information
Statewide:
Lynn Hollander 
548-6291(temp)

San Francisco:
Sera Wiley
P.O. Box No. 31306
626-2533(temp)

Berkeley:
Susan Grossman 
524-1306

San Jose:
Joan Hammer - 
795 Morse St. 
295-9096

Santa Cruz:
Deirdre Stone 
475-8158

Stockton:
Mary White 
478-1737

Los Angeles: 
Frances Jackson 
759-8809 
Tamu-Uhuru 
215 W. 45th St.

Issue Editor.

Marty Fassler

By far the most powerful wea­
pon in the hands of the prison 
authorities, however, is the threat 
of reprisals from the Adult 
Authority. In California, convict­
ion of any one of several felonies 
carries an “Indeterminate Sen­
tence.” After a prisoner has 
served the minimum sentence, 
the actual length of his sentence, 
up to the maximum, is determ­
ined by the California Adult 
Authority, an appointed body 
that is answerable to no one. The 
Adult Authority also determines 
the length of parole following 
release, up to the maximum sen­
tence, and the conditions of 
parole. The range from minimum 
to maximum sentence is usually 
very large; often, in fact, the 
maximum sentence is life.

The primary evidence used is 
the disciplinary record of the 
inmate and the opinions of the 
prison officials. No records are 
kept of these hearings, and no 
reasons need be given when 
parole is denied. There is no 
appeal from a decision of the 
Adult Authority. Furthermore, 
even after release, an inmate can 
be recommitted to prison 
through similar proceedings, for 
anything the Adult Authority 
construes as a violation of his 
parole.

The Adult Authority uses its 
immense power as an instrument 
of terror and control. For 
example, George Jackson was

Fleeta Drum go

given a sentence of one year to 
life for being an unknowing acces­
sory to an armed robbery when 
he was eighteen years old. His co­
defendant, who actually com­
mitted the robbery, was released

after two and one half years. 
JacksAn has been in jail for ten 
years, and at the time he was 
charged with murder no release 
date had been set. Apparently he

committed far more serious 
crimes than armed robbery after 
his incarceration he became a 
Black revolutionary, read politi- 

c o n t  on p 7



^soleoao BRomeKs
VOLUME I  NUMBER U MAY 1,1971

F IE E T A  O m iM O O

JO H N  m iT C H E T T B

GBOrZGB JACKSON

CALENDAR
May 1st-

May 3rd

May loth

Rally to Free All Political Prisoners 
Keep Los Siete Free 
Dolores Park 12:00 18th & Dolores 
San Francisco

Trial of Soledad “7 now 3” . 
Monterey County Courthouse 
Salinas, Calif.

Trial of Los Siete de la Raza 
Redwood City Courthouse 
Redwood City, Calif.

May 15th Armed Forces Day-support the 
struggle within the military!

SOLEDAD'S
POLITICAL PRISONERS

The week of April 5th clearly points out the rising 
level of repression unleashed upon the poor and 
oppressed when they are forced to appeal for justice 
within the courts and prisons of this country. We as 
poor people and as people of color are victims of a 
national conspiracy, a national conspiracy initiated 
and implemented by those who profit from our 
oppression and their agents on the government levels.

On April 5th the three remaining members of the 
Soledad 7 (Jessie Phillips, James Wagner, and 
Roosevelt Williams) on trial for their lives, for the 
alleged murder of a prison guard, were tear-gassed 
unconscious and brutally attacked in their cells. 
These brothers, who go to trial on May 3 in Salinas, 
are on trial for the same reasons as the SoIedad(3) 
Brothers, their political activity within the penal 
system. They were tear-gassed because they refused 
to submit to another blood test without the 
permission of their lawyers. They clearly stated that 
they would take the tests if their lawyers gave their 
approval. The prison guards immediately proceeded 
to empty two tear gass canisters into their sector 
disregarding the objections of a Third World prison 
guard who thought the treatment excessive. They 
then went in and forcibly took the blood samples. 
The people and only the people can insure that such 
attacks do not occur. We must build mass support for 
the Soledad 7 (now 3) at their trial in Salinas May 
third.

On April 6, one day after the attack on the 
Soledad 7, the Soledad Brothers appeared at the 
so-called Hall of Justice. It was their first court 
appearance since September. They were in court to 
get a determination on their trial date and the 
presiding judge. The defense put forth two motions: 
One requesting the transfer 6TThe Soledad Brothers 
from San Quentin to San Francisco County Jail in 
order to facilitate visitation by the families and the 
building of a proper, effective defense. The other 
motion was merely a request for the brothers to be 
retained for two hours after the hearing to confer 
with their lawyers. Both motions were abruptly 
denied, the trial date set and the judge assigned in less 
than five minutes. It was a blatant denial of rights of 
the brothers and any consideration of justice.

As John, George, and Fleeta were leaving the 
courtroom, a guard grabbed George’s folder which 
included his legal papers and a Black Panther Paper. 
George refused to give him his legal papers but left 
the Panther paper. The guards, wishing to further 
provoke the brothers, continued to push and poke 
George with their clubs. George defended himself and 
was then attacked by 6 to 8 guards in the courtroom. 
John and Fleeta, who were almost out of the 
courtroom, attempted to come to the aid of George. 
They were also attacked. The people were enraged 
and attempted to come to the defense of the 
brothers. Two units of the Tactical Squad were 
called. They cleared the courtroom and the building 
after attacking many of the spectators. Francis 
Jackson, sister of Geoi^e and Jonathon Jackson, who 
is seven months pregnant was jabbed in the stomach 
with a guard’s baton.

This was one of the most brutal manifestations of 
a police state experienced in the courts. At this time, 
the Bay Area is the prime focus of political repression 
in the nation, with the trials of Angela Davis, Ruchell 
Magee, Los Siete de la Raza, The Soledad 7, members 
of the Black Panther Party, and the Soledad Brothers. 
The people can no longer afford to ignoitthe rise 
towards fascism in this country. We must build a 
united front to free all political prisoners and in doing 
so we must make the link between the selective 
repression of political prisoners and the general 
repression of the masses of the people. We are calling 
for a Day of Solidarity to Free All Political Prisoners. 
A day of solidarity which, we hope, will signal the 
beginning of the building of a truly mass movement 
to defeat the escalating forces of reaction.

Join with us May 1st at Dolores Park, San 
Francisco, 12:00 noon If we do not move together we 
will not move at all.

Political Prisoners Solidarity Committee

NEWSLETTER
10c

LETTER FROM FLEETA

Dear Brothers and Sisters
The Department of Corrections doesn’t exist! All 

institutions under such titles are barbaric, oppressive, 
racist and murderous institutions. This system of 
government is designed to oppress, exploit and 
intimidate, all that are not classified as a white 
Anglo-Saxon-bourgeois ruling clique. The hatred, 
violence and destruction imbedded in the system is 
the same fascist repression that is destroying the 
people in general, black people in particular. In 
realizing this it is difficult to understand that America 
is prison. As Brother Huey P. Newton stated, the only 
difference is one is maximum and the other one 
minimum security.

It seems at times that the oppression and vioience 
inflicted upon us here in the maximum security is 
more intense than that inflicted upon us in the 
minimum security, but really it’s utterly impossible 
for me or any of us here to distinguish the oppression 
and violence we are all victimized by. I am constantly 
thinking about unemployment, under-employment, 
poverty and malnutrition that are the basic facts of 
our existence; it’s this which sends persons to these 
concentration camps; I t’s this which causes so-called 
crime in general.

I like to express that there’s a growing awareness 
behind the walls; we’re seeing through! the madness 
of capitalism, class interest, surplus value and 
imperialism, which this gestapo system perpetv«I<ij. 
It’s this which we have to look at and understand in 
order to recognize the inhumanity inflicted upon the 
masses of the people here in Amerika and abroad. As 
brother Malcolm X once said, “We as people, as 
human beings have the basic human right to eliminate 
the conditions that have and are continuously 
destroying us“ .

The decadence and corruption in the present day 
society and in these concentration camps must be 
dealt with by the people, and the only way we can 
deal with it is uniting, becoming as one! Because 
people who are oppressed, exploited and deprived are 
one. What I am trying to relay is the fact we are all 
prisoners, and under the yoke of fascist enslavement. 
Anyone who can deny this fact isn’t really concerned 
about liberation; he considers himself free and the 
attitude relates directly to the petty-bourgeois class 
of society.

In conclusion let me say on behalf of all of us in 
the maximum, please don’t reject and foiget us, 
because this allows the monster to brutalize, murder 
and treat us inhumanly. We are of you, we love you 
and struggle with you.

Power to the People - Liberation in Our Time!

Fleeta Drumgo

FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS!



ERICKA & BOBBY
The prosecution resumed its case against Bobby Seale 
and Ericka Huggins last week, after a delay of almost 
two weeks. The weeks proceedings included the 
playing of the tapes seized at the time of Ericka’s 
arrest as well as the concluding testimony of Warren 
Kimbro, who has turned state’s witness in return for 
having his chaige reduced to second degree murder. 
Thus far, the testimony of Kimbro, as well as the 
entire case presented by the state. In no way 
implicates Bobby Seale in the murder of Alex 
Rackley. Neither Bobby or Ericka are, by the way, 
charged with direct participation in the death of 
Rackley, nor does the state claim that they were even 
present when Rackley was shot. Rackley, while 
bound and gagged, was told by June Hilliard that 
Bobby wasn’t concerned with him one way or the 
other, according to Kimbro’s testimony. Kimbro had 
nothing else to say about Bobby’s alleged 
participation in the murder. All of which causes me to 
wonder what Bobby Seale has to do with this case to 
begin with.
Kimbro’s testimony involved Ericka with Rackley 
only to the extent of narrating a tape of his 
“kangaroo trial.” The tape consists of an introduction 
by Ericka, and the subsequent questioning of 
Rackley. According to Kimbro, he and Geoi^e Sams, 
the state’s prime witness, told Ericka what to say in 
the introduction. Sams, is continually turning the 
tape on and off throughout Ericka’s narration; he and 
Kimbro are heard coaching her as well. The 
introduction summarizes what has happened to 
Rackley up to the point of his questioning. None of it 
implicates anyone, including Ericka, in any 
kidnapping, murder, binding or conspiracy.
A major part of the state’s case against Ericka and 
Bobby hangs on Kimbro’s testimony. But the 
credibility of what Kimbro states is questionable 
when one takes into consideration the various 
inconsistencies and contradictory statements in his 
testimony. For example, he said last week that he had 
“surmised” Rackiey’s murder “for some time, while 
at the trial of Lonnie McLucas he said that he did not 
know Rackley was going to be killed till he was 
handed the gun bv Sams.
The whole case against Bobby and Ericka is pretty 
ridiculous. Kimbro sounds like an enemy agent 
disguised as a remorseful murderer, and the tapes 
don’t seem to implicate Ericka in anything more 
criminal than that of being a narrator of sorts. Of 
course, even if whatever evidence there is does not 
point to Bobby and Ericka’s guilt, there’s always that 
catch-all fishnet—“conspiracy.” Its all part of a 
frightened pig system’s attempt to liquidate all 
successful opposition.

C AN A D IA N  WOMEN'S 

CONFERENCE

Last month for the first time third world women 
from North America met with six Vietnamese women 
in Vancouver, B. C., Canada. There were represented 
two delegates from each of the following 
organizations; Lao Patriotic Women’s Association, 
Women’s Union of the Democratic Republic of 
Vietnam, and Women’s Union for Liberation of 
South Vietnam. These organizations are composed of 
both men and women.

A group of about ninety third world women from 
the San Francisco Bay Area were able to attend. For 
us this was not only an opportunity to show 
solidarity with the Vietnamese women, but it also 
enabled us to further develop the unity which has 
been given much tip service.

The purpose of the conference for the Vietnamese 
women was two-fold: (1) to deepen our
understanding of each other’s struggle, and (2) to 
inspire women of the U.S., and Canada, to rise up 
against the war. The beauty and strength of the 
Vietnamese sisters were a profound source of 
inspiration for the third world women who 
demonstrated their potential as a unified group.

Women’s Strike for Peace (WSP) and Voice of 
Women (VOW) its Canadian counterpart, who 
organized the conference, exposed their racism and 
organizational chauvinism from the planning stages 
till the final days of the conference.

Bay Area third world women were not informed 
early enough to give them sufficient time to prepare 
for the conference without last minute hassels. WSP 
attempted to unilaterally decide how many of us 
would be allowed to attend! They then proceeded to 
inform us that we were to raise $1,000 to help cover 
the cost of the trip for the Vietnamese women. Now 
most of the third world women who wanted to 
attend the conference have commitments to political 
organizations such as Angela Davis Defense 
Committee, Soledad Brothers Defense Committee, 
Los Siete de la Raza, Chicano Revolutionary Party,

E B E B f l H i i i l S
^ M«n#rial Friday, AB«r«2,15§8 1:38P.M.

SSOriNSTATr.

NEW YORK 21 CONSPIRACY TRIAL
It has been over two years since the round-up of 

New York City Black Panthers on absurd charges 
ranging from conspiracy to blowing up the Bronx 
Botanical Gardens, midtown department stores, and 
railroad tracks to “Criminal Mischief in the Third 
Degree.”

For the past eight months, the defendants have sat 
in court while the prosecution called a parade of 
police agent infiltrators to the witness stand to back 
up the 30-count indictment put together by Frank S. 
Hogan, New York District Attorney. Their total bail 
was set at over $2 million; if convicted some face 
prison terms of 175 years. Their judge, John M. 
Murtagh picked by D.A. Hogan to preside over the 
case, was previously indicted, arrested, but never tried 
for failure to expose police graft in New York. His 
attitude and actions against the 21 has indicated his 
intent to railroad the defendants into long prison 
terms.

The prosecution’s case reached its dead end and 
concluded its case Thursday April 1, 1971. In eight 
months, the assistant D.A. Phillips who ran the case 
submitted the following evidence “The Battle of 
Algiers,” one Black Panther Party newspaper, one 
copy of Mao’s red book, a few guns and rifles, four 
police agents, and aerosol cans of Right Guard, 
Windex, and Easy-off.

p roeessw n
T O J c i i l F O r

The Law enforcement agencies across the country 
have been moving in a coordinated effort to destroy 
and diffuse the leadership of the movement. This has 
been apparent by the ever increasing number of 
political prisoners being charged with conspiracy of 
one thing or another based on absurd charges.

The Defense submitted its closing remarks 
Wednesday April 14, 1971. Defense Attorney, Carole 
Lefcourt, lawyer for Baba Odinga (Walter Johnson) 
delivered the closing remarks for the defense. He 
expressed in protest “that the court would let this 
entire indictment go to the jury without ruling out 
some of the most palpably absurd counts.” He 
Continued “That it was absolutely utqrrecedented for 
a jury to be asked to make 390 separate decisions.” 
(13 defendants times 30 counts.)

Information on the verdict and plans for an appeal 
if necessary, have not been received as of yet, 
however, the following newsletter will contain this 
information.

We urge all who can to send contributions to pay 
for services rendered without fee for the six defense 
counsel. Please send all money orders to the Charter 
Group, Box 346, Cathedral Station, NYC, 10025.

FREE N.Y. 21 AND ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS

Red Guard, and others. Because of this, we did not 
have a great amount of time to devote to fund raising. 
Since the aim of our political work lies in our 
respective communities, which are the taigets of 
every level of oppression including economic, it was 
not likely that we could easily obtain $1,000 plus 
funds to cover the cost of our own transportation. 
WSP and VOW, being white and middle class, had at 
least access to the funds needed.

Prior to the conference it had been decided that 
there would be separate sessions for Women’s 
Liberation, WSP and VOW, and Third World Women. 
Yet, during our two days with the Vietnamese 
women, there was constant confusion as to whether 
or not it was politically incorrect to exclude white 
women from our sessions. The charge of being 
“reverse racists” is ridiculous. We simply and 
justifiably insisted that we be allowed to struggle 
through our political differences. Through struggle we 
will gain power of self determination and unity which 
will define when we should align ourselves with white 
oppressed women. For too long we have accepted the 
patronizing assistance of guilt ridden whites who did 
not realize how their racism blinded them to their 
own oppression.

Despite the problems mentioned, we were able to 
see more clearly the need for us to do more to put an 
end to the war. The U.S. is now in the third decade of 
its war in Indochina. Though the war continues, and 
daily Vietnamese and Americans kill each other as 
well as Laotians and Cambodians, the reasons offered 
for the prolongation of the war are both false and 
insufficient.

We gained much from the experiences related to us 
by the Vietnamese sisters. The solidarity they 
possessed among themselves let us know that the last 
day of the conference should not be the end but the 
beginning of the development of a unified struggle 
among third world women in particular and third 
world people in general.



F IR S T  D R A F T  S T A T E M E N T  O F  P R IN C IP L E S  
FO R  J O IN T  D E F E N S E  C O M M IT T E E  

M A Y  D A Y  R A L L Y

I. P O L IT IC A L  P R IS O N E R S  D O  E X IS T  IN  T H E  U N IT E D  S T A T E S

Despite the declarations of the government that only “crim inals" are 
put in jails and prisons, we known this is not true. The jails and prisons 
are filled with the poor, with Black and Brown people, with anti-war 
resisters, with people who have defended the oppressed and sought to 
free themselves from oppression.

II. T H E  E X IS T E N C E  O F  P O L IT IC A L  P R IS O N E R S  C A N  A N D  W IL L  
B E  U N D E R S T O O D  B Y  L A R G E  S E C T IO N S  O F  T H E  P O P U LA T IO N .

The reason that most people remain unaware that there are political 
prisoners is the result of conscious efforts on the part of government, 
through its statements, the news, and the schools. These and other 
powerful forms are used to maintain the words of democracy however 
contradictory the deed might be. There is nothing inherent in the 
people that prevents them from recognizing the truth when they get it.

III. T H E  L A W  D O E S  N O T  T R E A T  A L L  P EO P L E  E Q U A L L Y .  T H E  
O P P R E SSE D ,  IN  A N D  O U T  O F  P R ISO N , A R E  W ITH  A L M O S T  N O  
E X C E P T IO N S ,  B L A C K ,  B RO W N , A N D  P O O R  W H ITE.

The three branches of government, the legislative, executive, and 
judiciary, were designed at the outset to serve the best interests of the 
government. No  branch is impartial. The laws and the courts serve the 
interest of government.

IV. R A C IS M  IS  U S E D  B Y  T H E  G O V E R N M E N T  T O  D IV ID E  T H E  
PEO PLE.

The white community has been taught that Black and Brown people are 
not their sisters and brothers. The white community has been taugh 
not to see or hear what happens in the ghettos and barrios. It allows the 
police more freedom to stop, harass, brutalize and arrest Black and 
Brown people.

V. R A C IS M  IS  U S E D  B Y  T H E  G O V E R N M E N T  TO  C O N F U S E  T H E  
PEO PLE.

The government wants the people to believe that bullets, tear gas and 
billy clubs it uses are necessary for "law  and order." The people are 
blamed for the government's own failures to provide "law  and order" 
by not serving the needs of great numbers of its citizens.

V I. R A C IS M  IS  U S E D  B Y  T H E  G O V E R N M E N T  T O  P R E V E N T  

PEO PLE T T ^O M  P R O T E C T fN O  T H E IR  Q W ir r iT fE R E S t S .

What was done to Black and Brown people yesterday is being done to 
white people today. What is being done in Black and Brown 
communities today will be done to all people tomorrow.

V II.  B U IL D IN G  M A S S  SU P P O R T  F O R  A L L  P O L IT IC A L  
P R IS O N E R S  IS  T H E  P U R P O SE  A N D  O B L IG A T IO N  O F  TH E  JO IN T  
D E F E N S E  C O M M IT T E E .

The strength necessary to free all political prisoners will come from 
large numbers of people demonstrating their belief that such prisoners 
are being held unjustly. The strength necessary to protect people from 
being returned to prison once they are released will be their backing by 
large numbers of people. The strength necessary to prevent the arrest of 
more political prisoners will be the result of the awareness and actions 
of large numbers of people.

V I II .  O U R  S O L ID A R IT Y  W ITH  T H E  C A U S E  O F  F R E E IN G  A L L  
P O L IT IC A L  P R IS O N E R S  O V E R R ID E S  W H A T E V E R  D i r F E R E N C E S  
W E M A Y  H A V E .

While keeping the right to engage in debate and positive criticism of our 
work, we understand that when we raise, or even appear to raise, the 
differences among us to a higher order than the differences between us 
and the power structure, we do a disservice to our cause.

IX. A L L  P EO P L E  M U ST  H A V E  D E C E N T  FO O D , H O U S IN G , 

C L O T H IN G , E D U C A T IO N ,  A N D  JOBS.jhese  things cannot be given 

to some at the expense of others. When people do not have and cannot 
get any or all of their human necessities, they will rightfully come to 
regard the social order as not serving their interests.

X. W E W A N T  A N  E N D  T O  T H E  W A R  IN  S O U T H E A S T  A S IA  A N D  
T H E  IM M E D IA T E  W IT H D R A W A L  O F  U.S. T R O O P S.

We are being killed and forced to kill our brothers and sisters nine 
thousand miles away in a w a r that serves only the interest of the rich. 
The people of every country must choose their own destiny free from 
outside interference. We want an end to the killing, and the billions 
now being spent on war to be returned to the people at home to be 
used for our benefit.

X I.  F R E E  A L L  P O L IT IC A L  P R ISO N E R S .

All people unjustly imprisoned because of conditions of poverty, racism 
or political thoughts and actions must be set free by the will and action 
of the people.

FREE RUCHELL

RUCHELL MAGEE 
P olitical P risoner

BAIL
FOR

ANGELA

ANGELA DAVIS

The case of Ruchell Magee sets a precedent in the 
victimization and oppression black people have been 
subjected to by the judicial system o f this country. 
The full rights and protection o f the law has never 
been afforded Ruchell Magee as a black man and 
because of his condition o f poverty. This is most 
evident when the contradictions o f his experience 
with the court and penal systems are understood.

He has spent the last seven years of a life sentence 
on a perjured testimony!! Ruchell Magee has been 
beaten on different occasions by police and prison 
guards. He has been offered immunity from 
prosecution in return for a false testimony to frame 
Angela Davis.

At a time when the oppressive social order is 
trying to legally lynch him he is denied the right to 
represent himself on the basis that he cannot read or 
write, his IQ is only 86 and he does not know the 
law!! On more than one occasion he has been placed 
in the “hole” for assisting other prisoners in their 
legal work to overturn their cases. Ruchell witnessed 
the tear gassing and death of Fred Billingslea in July 
1970 and filed a legal writ charging prison officials 
with concealing the facts o f the case. The bankruptcy 
of the judicial system was the impetus Ruchell acted 
on when he chose an alternative channel for receiving 
justice after Jonathan Jackson supplied him, James 
McClain and William Christmas with guns. In the 
quest for freedom Jackson, Christmas, McClain and 
hostage Judge Haley were shot to death by prison 
guards who were acting on the standing order not to 
allow prisoners to escape. Ruchell Magee and Angela 
Davis are on trial for murder, kidnapping and 
conspiracy to commit both. Under California law 
Ruchell faces a mandatory death sentence if 
convicted.

The State of California is trying to frame Ruchell. 
For insisting on his right to be his own attorney, he 
has been bound and gagged in court. Atfomeys who 
have examined the writs and affidavits submitted by 
Ruchell Magee agree that he is thoroughly competent 
to conduct his own defense. In its clear attempt to 
crush black resistance within the penal system, the 
ruling circles are trying to make an example of 
Ruchell Magee because he has taken a progressive step 
in the struggle for black liberation. Along with other 
political prisoners falsely accused of murder, 
kidnapping and conspiracy, Ruchell Magee is the 
bull’s eye while the repressive forces have as their 
target the poor and Third World masses. The people 
are blamed for the government’s own failure to 
provide law and order by not serving the needs of 
great numbers of its citizens. What was done to black 
and brown people yesterday is being done to white 
people today. What is being done in Black and Brown 
communities today will be done to all people 
tomorrow. The law does not treat all people equally. 
All people unjustly imprisoned because o f condition 
of poverty, racism, or political thoughts and actions 
must be set free by the will and action of the people. 
Ruchell Magee M u s t  be heard!!

P E T IT IO N
P E O P L E 'S  P E T IT IO N  D E M A N D IN G  B A IL  F O R  A N G E L A  D A V IS  •

To: The Honorable Judges of the Superior Courts for the State of California 
Mr. Carl Hoppe, Clerk, Superior Court, Marin County

We, the undersigned, do hereby petition for the release of Angela Y. Davis 
on reasonable bail pending trial.

Miss Davis is presumed to be innocent of all charges, and she has publicly 
declared her innocence in court. She has no criminal record, she has 
established roots in the community, and she has many offers of 
employment. Thus, she meets the legal criteria for bail.

Given these facts, we conclude that M iss Davis has been deprived of a bail 
hearing since her capture more than six m onths ago because she is a Black 
woman, a member of the Comm unist Party, and an outspoken advocate of 
rights of prison inmates and political prisoners. These do not constitute 
permissable grounds for denial of bail. On the contrary, it would be both 
unconstitutional and illegal to deny her bail for these reasons.

We submit, finally, that it is the grossest kind of denial of equal protection 
under the law when M iss Davis is held under punitive conditions of detention 
while awaiting trial, and Lieutenant William Calley, a felon convicted of the 
premeditated murder of more than a score of Vietnamese civilians, is 
released to his own quarters while appealing that conviction. This, we repeat, 
is a gross denial of equal protection under law, and a clear indication that 
Miss Davis' prosecution is purely political.

T H E R E F O R E ,  we demand the immediate release of Angela Davis on 
reasonable bail.

PETITIONS AVAILABLE AT ALL ANGELA DEFENSE OFFICES



T h e  f o l l o w i n g  a r e  e x c e r p t s  o f  l e t t e r s  o f  s o l i d a r i t y ;

To the Soledad Brothers Defense, the Angela Davis 
Defense, the Los Siete de la Raza Defense, to those of 
the Black Panther Party speaking in defense of 
Chairman Bobby and sister Ericka Huggins, and to all 
people involved in this joint effort to free political 
prisoners and Prisoners of War.

The Voice of the Lumpen in the community of 
West Germany sends their support of the May 1st 
Rally in Babylon, which sets off the “Spring 
Offensive” to free our revolutionary leaders held 
capitve by the Pigs.

Through many months of agitating and educating 
GIs and Germans who support the liberation struggle 
in Babylon, thousands of peole now realize that they 
can utilize their support for political prisoners right 
here on May 1st. On the 1st, there will be another 
mass demonstration and rally here in the community 
o f West Germany to demand the release of the 
“Ramstein Two” and to demand the release of all 
political prisoners and prisoners of war in Babylon.

In The Spirit of Revolutionary Intercommunalism, 
All Power to the People!

The Voice of the Lumpen

Dear Brothers and Sisters in the Struggle:

CAMP (The Chicago Area Military Project) is in 
support of your principles and work to educate the 
people about the plight of political prisoners in the 
United States. We continue our work in this region 
with men and women in the United States military, 
one of the largest political prisons of all time.

We hope that you wilt include in your work the 
situation of American men and women in military 
prisons throughout the American military system 
around the world. At this time it is difficult for us to 
estimate the number people in military prisons, 
but we believe that it is at least 30,000. Probably one 
third o f these are in confinement overseas in 
miserable places like Long Bihn Jail in Vietnam and 
Dachau, Germany. (Yes, Dachau, the old Nazi 
concentration camp, is now the site of a U.S. Army 
stockade).

While we do not always have the resources or 
personnel to show more concrete support of your 
work, we hope that you will realize the common 
struggle in which we are all engaged.

Love and Struggle,
CAMP (counselors, veterans, 

lawyers men and women o f the 
Chicago Area Military Project)

For more information, or to offer assistance of 
any kind, please contact:

The Soledad Brothers Defense Committee

in San Francisco: at 129 Fillmore
Tel: 863-6055 

in San Jose: Tel: 295-9096
in Santa Cruz: at 1312 Laurel St.

Tel: 426-5964

All Contributions To: P.O. Box 68
Berkeley, Calif. 94701

The Angela Davis Defense Committee 

in San Francisco: 

in Marin:

at 1201 Fillmore 
tel: 563-2505, 
at 740 Drake 
tel: 332-5378 
at 3216 Adeline 
tel: 655-5756 
tel: 795-6213

in North Oakland 

in Sonoma:

Bobby Seale & Ericka Huggins Defense Committee

in New Haven: at 865 Chapel St., room 222 
New Haven, Conn. 96510

The Ruchell Magee Defense Committee

in San Francisco, at 1830 Sutter St. 
tel: 921-3814, 921-3815

Los Siete de la Raza
at 960 Guerrero St., 
tel: 648-1048

THE CASE OF LT. CALLEY

The trial o f Lt. Calley has drawn the attention o f a 
great section o f the people in the United States. The 
Right-wing has attempted to raise Lt. Calley to the 
stature of a symbolic hero in the rabid fight against 
communism. Almost every prominent racist in this 
country has leaped to the defense of Lt. Calley 
proclaiming him a scapegoat and a persecuted symbol 
of what all fine, red-blooded, Americans should be. 
This in itself is not surprising, it,is even predictable. 
What is surprising is that many segments of the 
liberal, and even left population have adopted the 
analysis that Calley is indeed a scapegoat. A scapegoat 
used to obscure the guilt o f those on higher levels as 
regards to the whole military machinery.

We take issue with this analysis. The whole 
concept of a scapegoat has implicit within it the 
suggestion of innocence. L t .  C a l l e y  is  g u i l t y ,  he is 
guilty of the genocidal murder of innocent men, 
women, and children. It is not good enough for us 
just to state that Calley was merely following orders. 
The brigs, stockades, and federal prisons are filled 
with courageous brothers who have refused such 
orders or have refused to participate in this genocidal 
war of aggression in any form. It is also not good to 
state, as we have heard, that the people are 
responsible tor the Southeast Asian War and the 
hundreds of My Lais that grow out of it. This merely 
serves to obscure the reality of whose war this really 
is. This war is being waged by the ruling class of this 
country in order to further perpetuate their economic 
empire. This war is being waged in spite of the 
collective outcry o f the people and indirect 
opposition to the demonstrated anti-war sentiment 
that exists in this country.

The exposure of the My Lai incident to the great 
majority of the people can serve a valuable lesson. It 
shows the need for racism in waging such an 
imperialist war. For without the belief that people of 
color are inferior, sub-human beings, such atrocities 
could not be perpetuated. It also shows very clearly 
that the President of the United States, through his 
actions as regards Calley, sanctions such acts of 
genocide against the people o f Southeast Asia. For, if 
the U.S. Government can openly support brutality 
and murder o f this magnitude would the same 
government hesitate to escalate or support increased 
repression upon the oppressed communities of the 
United States? While Lt. Calley sits in his own room, 
with home cooked meals, the convicted murder of 22 
Asian people, Angela Davis, Afeni Shakur, and Joan 
Bird are refused bail, refused release though they have 
not been convicted o f any crime at all. Angela Davis 
has as yet to come to trial.

The case of Lt. Calley points out that a movement 
against the war in Indo China that does not, at the 
same time, direct itself to racism and domestic 
repression, can in no way relate to the people the true 
nature and scope of the imperialist war being waged 
in our home. It is no coincidence that people of color 
are the most afflicted by the Indochinese war, that 
we are the most affected by unemployment, welfare 
cuts, and strike controls at the point of production. 
Nor is it coincidence that black and brown political 
activists are faced with a systematic attempt to 
murder, isolate and incarcerate them.

We must demand an end to the Indochinese war, 
the freeing of all political prisoners, and the right for 
self-determination of all oppressed people at home 
and abroad. We must demand that all people 
responsible for the crime that is the Southeast Asian 
war be brought to trial.

'T h e  streets of our 
country are in turmoil.
The Universities are filled with 
students rebelling and rioting. 
Comm unists are seeking 
to destroy our country.
Russia is threatening us 
with her might.

And the republic is in danger. 
Yes-danger
from within and without.
We need law and order!
. . . W ithout law and order 
our nation can not 
survive. ..

Adolph H itle r-1932



NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 4 ,  1 9 7 1

Death of a Brother
By TOM WICKER

WASHINGTON, Aug. 23—To many 
Americans, white and black, it will 
seem unlikely that the San Quentin 
prison authorities “set up” the killing 
of George Jackson, one of the so- 
called Soledad Brothers, particularly 
since several guards also were killed. 
But many others, mostly black, per­
haps, but not a few of them white, 
will not find it hard to agree with his 
mother.

"They killed him and set him out 
in the yard and photographed him, 
and then said he tried to escape,” 
Mrs. Jackson told Wallace Turner of 
The New York Times. "They’ve been 
trying for ten and a half years to 
do it and they did it.”

Most of us never come into difficul­
ties with policemen and never see the 
inside of a prison, even as visitors, 
and our tendency is to respect author­
ity and to discount as hysterical and 
self-serving such views as Mrs. Jack- 
son expressed. Authority in America 
is not supposed or generally thought 
to do such things.

But that is not necessarily the view 
in the black ghetto, where authority 
—mostly white—is deeply mistrusted. 
That is not the view of many in the 
black community everywhere who—  
just in the last year or so— ĥave seen 
little or nothing done about the Or­
angeburg Massacre, the rioters shot in 
the back in Augusta, the students 
gunned down at Jackson State, Fred 
Hampton destroyed in his bed, and 
hundreds of less publicized crimes. 
That is not the view of those who 
have seen young sons and brothers 
go to prison for minor offenses and 
come out of these grim schools of 
crime and degeneracy—if they ever do 
'—as hardened law-breakers and per­
manent outcasts from society.

Nor are blacks—or Chicanos or In­
dians or other minorities— t̂he only 
people who look at authority in Amer­
ica with misgivings or mistrust. The 
dead and maimed students at Kent 
State were white, and nothing is to 
be done. Other whites in low economic 
and social status know what it means 
to be powerless and hopeless before 
an tmcaring or oppressive law. And 
many whites who are neither power­
less nor hopeless are nevertheless 
deeply concerned, and aware that all 
is not as promised in the promised 
land.

So if it may well be true that Mrs. 
Jackson was overwrought—^why not, 
with two sons dead before the gunfire 
of white authority?—it is also true 
that, for once, this predominantly 
white society ought not passively to 
accept the opposite and usual assump­
tion that authority is blameless and 
truthful, and those who defy it are

IN  THE NATION
fools or depraved, especially if black.

That is not just because George 
Jackson, the tragic and talented au­
thor of “The Prison Letters,” sen­
tenced at 19 for one year to life for 
confessing to a $70 robbery, had be­
come a symbol to so many blacks— 
particularly the young and passionate 
—of the rank injustice they believe 
with all too much reason their people 
have suffered at the hands of the 
police and the courts and the prisons. 
It is that symbolic position and the 
violence of his death at San Quentin 
that will cause so many in anger and 
in sorrow to agree with Mrs. Jackson 
that at last her defiant son was 
“set up.”

If it can be demonstrated beyond 
reasonable doubt that there was no 
such “set up,” of course that may be 
useful to society in trying to hoid 
black disaffection and anger within 
bounds. Almost certainly, and for just 
that reason, there already are stirrings 
within the liberal power structure to 
press an investigation to the limit. So 
was there in the case of Fred Hampton, 
with iittle result.

A better reason for challenging of­
ficial explanations and general assump­
tions in the San Quentin case is to 
get at the truth of George Jackson’s 
life, not just the truth of his death. 
Whether or not he was shot while 
escaping or was in some way "set up” 
for kiiling, his life was the real trag­
edy  ̂ It is indisputabiy an American 
tragedy.

He was, that is, not mereiy a vic­
tim of racism, although he was cer­
tainly that. He was a victim, too, of 
the poverty and hunger and disad­
vantage that are not the lot of blacks 
alone in this richest country on earth. 
Its schools treated him with contempt. 
He was shot at age 15 by its vioient 
iawmen. Its courts knew nothing bet­
ter to do with him than to send him 
to its harsh prisons, where he spent 
a third of his iife. There, and in his 
brief years on the streets of Chicago 
and Los Angeies— b̂y his own account 
—he teamed that “the jungle is still 
the jungle, it composed of trees or 
skyscrapers, and the law of the jungle 
is bite or be bitten.”

A taiented writer, a sensitive man, 
a potential leader and political thinker 
of great persuasiveness, George Jack- 
son was destroyed long before he was 
killed at San Quentin. There are thou­
sands upon thousands like him— b̂lack 
and white, brothers all—who will be 
or have been destroyed, too. Until this 
wanton destruction of humanity in 
America is seen for what it is, it will 
go on, and consume us all.



tJOHN CLMTCHETTE



call fo r  u n ity  
to free  the  

S o le d a d  Brothers
By ANGELA Y. OAVIS

Fleeta Drumgo, George Jackson, and John Cluchette are scheduled 
to go to trial on August 9th, If the State of California is permitted to 
proceed unhampered, the outcome of that trial could be death for all 
three in San Quentin 's gas chamber. The recently unsuccessful attempt 
on the part of the prosecution to change the venue of the trial to San 
Diego County, where the reactionary political climate would virtually 
guarantee their conviction, was a clear indication that the State intends 
to claim their lives.

For almost a year we have rallied around the slogan, "Save  the 
Soledad Brothers from Legal Lynch ing." Before it is too late we must 
increase the momentum of that process which alone will allow us to 
transform this slogan into a reality—the involvement of masses of 
people in an extensive range of aggressive and creative activities which 
will challenge the use of the judicial system as well as the penal system 
as tools of political control and repression. A ll people who oppose the 
increasingly fascist features of this soc iety-the  barbarous 
extermination of the Indochinese people, the formidable routine 
oppression of black communities, the unbridled repression of 
revolutionaries-must become conscious of their responsibility to defeat 
the State's designs to legally murder the Soledad Brothers. Now  is the 
time to intensify our efforts to build a massive popular campaign which 
will unconditionally demand and ultimately secure the freedom of our 
brothers.

Just as the defense of Ericka Huggins and Bobby Seale is central to 
the survival o f our movement for Black Liberation, the Soledad 
Brothers' case likewise possesses a special significance both for the 
movement and for black people in general. Without a clear 
understanding of the centrality of their case, it is impossible for us to 
discern the motives underlying the government's determination to 
murder them and thus to affirm its ability to indiscriminately punish 
political activists. A s  ever greater sections of the black community 
achieve political maturity and search for radical solutions, they will be 
exposed to the fascist techniques of suppression which seek 
confirmation in the Soledad Brothers' case.

A s  a consequence of the racism securely interwoven in the capitalist 
fabric of this society, black people have become more thoroughly 
acquainted with Am erica 's jails and prisons than any other group of 
people in this country. Few of us indeed, have been able to escape some 
form of contact-direct or indirect—  with these institutions at some 
point in our lives. We are acutely aware of the critical function of the 
entire network of penal institutions as a buttress assisting the ruling 
class to maintain its domination. Engels observed over a century ago 
that along with the army and the police, prisons are the most essential 
instruments of state power. The prospect of long prison terms is meant 
to preserve order; it is supposed to serve as a threat to anyone who 
dares disturb existing social relations, whether by failing to observe the 
sacred rules of property or by consciously challenging the right of an 
unjust system of racism and domination to function smoothly.

Historically the prison system has been an integral part of our lives. 
Black people emerged from slavery only to encounter the prison labor 
system as one element of the new apparatus of exploitation. Arrested 
for trivial or falsified offenses, blacks were leased out to politicians, 
planters, m ining firms and Northern syndicates for up to thirty years. A  
remnant of that era can still be detected, for example, in Arkansas' 
notorious Cummins Prison Farm where prisoners work for no pay in 
cotton fields five and a half days a week. While insidious forms of slave 
labor have persisted in the prisons, this broader social function of 
maintaining the existing socio-economic order has achieved monstrous 
proportions.

The mere fact that almost half of the twenty-eight thousand 
convicted felons in California 's prison system are non-white-Blacks and 
C h icanos-is enough to reveal the intrinsic racism of the courts. Youth  
Authorities, and Parole Boards to which George Jackson, John 
Cluchette, and Fleeta Drum go fell victim at a very early age. A ll three 
were convicted of alleged "crimes against property," Fleeta and John of 
second degree burglary and George of second degree robbery. In spite 
of the indeterminate sentences they received (George, one to life; 
Fleeta, 6 months to 15 years; John, 6 months to 15 years) which made 
their release contingent on "good  conduct," they refused to pattern 
their lives after the authoritarian behavior of the apologetic victim. 
Only after having conceded the state's unqualified right to dictate 
theprinciples governing their lives would the prison officials and the 

Adult Authority consider them sufficiently "rehabilitated" to warrant 
their release. Like so many of our brothers and sisters today they would 
not acquiesce in their victimization and continued to challenge the 
assumptions underlying this distorted concept of rehabilitation.

MAXIMUM SECURITY

George, John and Fleeta took on the perilous task of creating 
centers of resistance to the totalitarian prison regime and to the society 
fraught with irreconcilable antagonisms, which engendered repressive 
penal institutions as one of its bulwarks. They have continued to fight 
unwaveringly in the most dangerous arena of struggle in America. The 
mindless, sadistic guards whose carbines, at any moment, could let 
loose bullets aimed at their brains, could not deter the Soledad Brothers 
from reaching out to every inmate whose ears were receptive to their 
teachings on liberation.

George's book, Soledad Brother, declared contraband for California 
prisons immediately after publication, contains a penetrating and 
articulate analysis of the American penal system. He elucidates the 
perverted relationship which locks the overseers and the subjugated, the 
masters and the slaves in constant conflict. Th is is the nature of the 
prisoner's unending battle for survival and dignity. He defines the 
structure and function of the American prison system in the context of 
capitalist society, while at the same time projecting the crucial role of 
"crim inals" become revolutionaries in the broader liberation 
movement. With Ho Chi Minh, George insists that when the prison gates 
are flung open, the real dragon will appear, the dragon whose goal is to 
work for the emergence of an egalitarian, socialist order. His book is a 
vivid testimony of the evolution and maturation of a committed 
revolutionary under conditions which demand a perseverance verging 
on the superhuman.

It comes as no surprise that the fascist mentality of the prison 
authorities induces them to react with extreme panic in the face of this 
remarkable black man. No wonder they have resolved to kill this man 
whose extraordinary ability to recognize the precise nature of his 
oppressors and to persuade his captive companions to embark on the 
correct path to liberation has not even been slightly debilitated by 
eleven long difficult years of imprisonment climaxed by the heroic 
death of his brother, Jonathan.

The three Soledad Brothers are the descendants of a long line of 
black heroes whose determination to prevail, whose persistent courage 
throughout our four hundred and fifty years of oppression, has not 
been dampened by the superior physical powers of our adversaries. We 
can detect the fruits of their struggles in the rapidly developing 
liberation movements in prisons throughout the State of California. 
During the eleven years of George's imprisonment—eleven years of an 
indeterminate sentence for a robbery involving 70 dollars—he has done 
time in practically all of California 's prisons, San Quentin, Soledad, 
Folsom. Fleeta, who has lived over half his life in California penal 
institutions, has spent S'/z years in state prisons, and John, since August 
of 1966, has been held captive in San Quention, Tehachepi, and 
Soledad.

The Soledad Brothers, having consciously relinquished their 
immediate self-interests of a speedy release from prison by educating 
and enlightening their fellow captives in the theory and practice of 
collective liberation, were natural targets of the fascist administrators of 
Soledad Prison. They have all related numerous incidents which 
occurred prior to this last definitive attempt to claim their lives. Fleeta 
was continually harassed when he refused to remove the political 
posters from the walls of his cell. George has said, "T he  only reason 
that I am still alive is because I take everything to the extreme, and 
they know it. I never let any of them get within arm 's reach, and their 
hands must be in full view. Nothing, absolutely nothing comes as a 
surprise to m e." {SoledadBrother)

Still, George has been repeatedly charged with crimes resulting, for 
example, from the refusal to accept the racial segregation of certain 
prison facilities. Most of these alleged offenses which occur behind 
prison walls—those which do not incur the death penalty—are never 
tried in court. A s James Park, associate warden at San Quentin said, in 
an interview with Jessica Mitford, referring to the prisoner accused of a 
crime: "H e  hasn't the right to a trial. We find him guilty or not guilty 
administratively." When asked how guilt is determined when no 
witnesses are called and no evidence presented, he said: "T ha t 's  simple. 
We know who did it from-other. inmates . . .  We don 't have the type of 
case we could take to court; it would be too dangerous for our 
inmate-informers to have to testify." (Jessica Mitford, "K in d  and Usual 
Punishment in California Prisons," The Atlantic, March 1971.)

It should be obvious that this administrative punishment can have 
the effect of indefinitely prolonging the sentences of prisoners w ho are 
known to espouse revolutionary causes. O f course anyone who claims 
to struggle for revolutionary change, anyone who in fact announces his 
opposition to a system of dom ination-the prison or the larger 
society—which ultimately rests on violence, is immediately labeled a 
criminal; that is, an advocate of violence. The Deputy Superintendent 
of Soledad Prison observed that: "W e live at a time where there has 
been more violence in the streets. And  we get people from the streets in 
here who have problems with violence. The joint is full of them." {New 
York Times, February 7, 1971.) This is the technique used to justify 
the inordinate political repression which pervades the prisons. This is 
the cycle of repression which the Soledad Brothers encountered.

George's administratively determined guilt, an a priori guilt, was the 
pretext used by the Parole Board when they refused year after year to 
grant him a parole date. They hoped to coerce him to abdicate his 
revolutionary vocation, but year after year this man said with his words 
and actions, "W ithout the cold of winter, there could not be the 
warmth of spring. Calamity has hardened me and turned my mind to 
steel." (Ho Chi Minh.)

On January 13, 1970, a white Soledad prison guard brutally 
assassinated three black men without provocation; The murderer went 
unpunished For his racist deed, the Grand Jury ruled justifiable 
homicide in one of the innumerable instances where Grand Juries have 
proved themselves handmaidens of official repression. On the day of 
the Grand Jury ruling a guard was killed. George, John, and Fleeta were 
elected by the Soledad Prison administrators to pay with their lives for 
the death of this guard. But even this is not an adequate description of 
the situation in which they found themselves entangled. For the death 
of the guard was seized upon as a convenient opportunity to off them 
because of theenormous contributions they had made in heightening 
and intensifying political consciousness in California 's prisons. Indeed 
the informers (whosexistence Park indirectly acknowledges) who gave 
false testimony before the Grand Jury which indicted them were 
chosen to accomplish a far more profound and devastating task. Under 
the surface of the murder indictment lurked the real charges: 
revolutionary insubordination, failure to conform to the established 
order of things, inciting dissent, planting the seeds of liberation in the 
minds of their comrades in captivity.

Angela Y. Davis

Three black activists had already been unceremoniously assassinated. 
Without incurring the suspicion of democratic-minded inhabitants of 
the outside world, it would be difficult to repeat this with grace. This 
time the legal machinery was set into motion. George, John, and Fleeta 
would be legally assassinated. Their murder would be veiled by the 
external trappings of a democratic trial, but notwithstanding this 
formal exercise in democracy, their fate would be understood and, as 
the prison officials hoped. Well-taken by thOusShds of inmates in 
California 's prisons. It would serve as a warning to anyone who 
contemplated repudiating his or her role as unfree 
autom aton-victim —broken human being. If the fascists were correct in 
their calculations, the immolation of George, John and Fleeta would 
act as a brake on revolutionary prison activities. Strikes would subside. 
Rebellions would cease. There would be few remaining inmates 
courageous enough to utter words of liberation when it might be at the 
expense of their lives. These are the dynamics of terrorism.

Objectively seen, the insurrection of August 7, 1970, involving three 
San Quentin captives who were joined by Jonathan Jackson, George's 
younger brother, must have been an attempt to break this vicious cycle 
and to impress upon the world the unrestrained political repression as 
well as the sub-human conditions of existence which characterize prison 
life. The three prisoners involved—James McClain, William Christmas, 
and the survivor Ruchell Magee, had lived and suffered under these 
conditions. Jonathan had experienced them vicariously. He was acutely 
aware of the vicious attempts to silence his brother George.

The events of August 7 forced broader sectors of the American 
public to become cognizant of the terror which reigns in this country's 
penal institutions. Evidence of its profound catalytic impact can be 
seen in the abundance of prison expose's, which have been regularly 
appearing in the established press. Just recently a series of articles on 
California prisons appeared daily over a period of three weeks in the 
San Francisco C H R O N IC L E .  The reaction of the ruling circles to the 
insurrectionary events of August 7, 1970, was swift, demonstrating that 
they were shaken to the very core. Politicians and government officials 
hastened to administer meaningless reforms in an attempt to assuage 
the anger of conscientious citizens. The former want to give credence to 
their deceptive assertions that the centuries-old tradition of brutality 
and terror crystallized in the prisons and now reaching the peak of 
fascist political repression is merely a minor sore-to-be cured with 
anesthetic-like reforms.

"R e fo rm s" such as conjugal visiting programs reserved for the "good 
b oy s" are anesthetic ploys designed to divert attention from the real 
issues involved in the struggle against repression in the prisons. Many of 
these reforms will prove to be merely more subtle techniques of 
repression-just as the indeterminate sentence which was originally 
proposed in California as a policy of shorter prison terms has had 
precisely the opposite effect on prisoners, especially blacks and 
Chicanos, who refuse to be subservient. Our response to these so-called 
reforms must be to push to the forefront more substantial issues which 
attack the very basis on which the prison system rests, such as the 
freedom for all political prisoners,

Our slain brothers, Jonathan, Christmas, and McClain, and our 
brother Ruchell who comes to trial with me, have brought our 
consciousness to the fore as to the magnitude of these tasks ahead.

The Soledad Brothers have achieved the status of central personages, 
not only in the prison movement, but also in our wider movement for 
Black Liberation. Their present struggle against death exemplifies the 
potential destiny of many more black activists, Chicano, Puerto Rican, 
Asian and Native American leaders, and those whites who have elected 
to wage a persistent battle against the most advanced capitalist society, 
maintained and buttressed by racism at all levels. Indeed I have learned 
this first hand. Bobby and Ericka have already been confronted with 
this fate: just as we must fight for Bobby and Ericka 's freedom in order 
to prevent fascism from engulfing our entire movement, so is the fight 
for the freedom of the Soledad Brothers vital to the survival of our 
ability to continue to actively struggle for revolutionary change.

George has developed an extensive theory on the nature of 
present-day fascism. His contention is that America has already entered 
a stage in which fascism has securely established itself in power. I agree 
with his underlying analysis, while I reject his conclusions; namely, the 
uncontested victory of the counter-revolution. While there can be no 
doubt that we are headed in a fascist direction, I do not think that 
fascism has yet consolidated itself in America; and as long as a vestige 
of the democratic process remains, then the sheer force of the people 
ought to be capable of freeing the Soledad Brothers, as it must also free 
Bobby, Ericka, myself, Ruchell, and keep Huey and LosSiete  free. The 
fact that Huey and Los Siete are on the streets at all attests to the 
power of the mass movement.

We should seek out all the doors which still remain ajar, however 
slight the opening might be. We must appeal to all people in this 
country and throughout the world to prove their anti-fascist 
commitments by struggling on all levels available to us. The movement 
must not be afraid to exhort people to initiate petition campaigns, mass 
rallies, demonstrations, block meetings. It must not be afraid to 
demand changes such as an end to the indeterminate sentence law and 
the abolition of penal code 4500 under which an inmate facing a life 
sentence who is convicted of assaulting a non-inmate must receive a 
mandatory death sentence. (George's one to life sentence, supposedly a 
humane act on the part of the sentencing court, for he could have 
conceivably been released after one year, will bring him the gas 
chamber even if he is acquitted of the murder charges and convicted of 
assault.)

It is the mark of an immature revolutionary to dismiss such actions 
as "re form ist" or "liberal." Such an attitude confuses the subjective 
consciousness of a m inority of individual revolutionaries with the 
objective development of the masses of people. We must draw the 
masses into the arena of struggle via the mechanism of a broad defense 
movement. The failure to do so, justified by the claim of 
"revolutionary purity," the all-or-nothing stand, can too easily become 
a tool in the hands of our adversaries.

We cannot envision a socialist revolution in this country nor can we 
envision the defeat of racism if our movement continues to be 
beheaded and decimated by a ruling clique intent on protecting the 
booty of a small m inority of corporate capitalists by all means available 
to them. Our revolution cannot proceed apace until we can create a 
strong, mass-based defense movement which can serve as a shield for 
those who carry out the herculean task of gathering together and 
leading the potential revolutionary elements in this country—working 
class Blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Asians and Native Americans; 
working men and women, students, conscious of the threads which tie 
their exploitation to the racist oppression of people 'of color all over the 
world; prisoners who recognize the need to transform their ineffective 
individual responses to a society which deprives them of basic 
necessities into a cohesive, collective onslaught in the direction of 
liberation.

The most important prerequisite of constructing this shield is the 
firm resolve to lay aside sectarian differences. A n  effective defense 
movement cannot be an arena for ideological struggle, whose 
appropriate place is elsewhere. We must be careful to avoid the 
tendency of building personality cults around specific individuals; this 
detracts from our ability to defend all our brothers and 
sisters—especially those whose names remain unknown—with a strong, 
vigorous and militant united front.

Let us employ all the traditional channels of protest still open and at 
the same time direct our creative energies in the search for new means 
of impelling masses of people to forcefully make their demands for the 
freedom of political prisoners known. If we fail to free the Soledad 
Brothers, if we fail to free Bobby and Ericka and all our brothers and 
sisters held captive because of their steadfast commitment to liberation, 
then we, the people, must hold ourselves accountable for a new era of 
uncurbed terror and official barbarism.

F R E E  A L L  P O L IT IC A L  P R ISO N E R S !



NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 3 ,  197!

Jackson Called Blacks* Symbol \ 
Of Anger With Judicial System

George Jackson was often 
described as a symbol, and he 
was. For many blacks, he was 
a clear reflection of the rising 
tide of discontent that they 
now hold with the judicial 
system as a whole.

It is a dissatisfaction that is 
deep-rooted and mixed now 
with anger and distrust, 
showed as word of Jackson’s 
death flashed across the coun­
try.

“I don't know what hap­
pened,” black people were say­
ing, “but I don’t believe he 
was just shot trying to escape. 
There’s more to it than that.” 

I Once the black concern for 
Negro prisoners was limited 
chiefly to the Nation of Islam 
—the Black Muslims. And later 
it was the Black Panther party. 
But today, blacks at all levels 
often express the feeling that 
the judicial system has two 
standards—one for whites and 
another for blacks.

They assert that prisons are 
filled with blacks and that 
guards and administrators and 
parole authorities are white.

White Judges and Juries
They mention, too, that often 

the juries that convict Negro 
defendants are white, that the 
judges are white, that the pros 
ecutors are white and that the 
arresting officers are most of­
ten white.

In the late nineteen-sixties 
when the Panthers were saying 
that all blacks serving time in 
jail were political prisoners, the 
Panthers had little visible sup­
port. But there has been a re­
markable change in that atti­
tude.

Now, prominent Negro law­
yers and even Negro judges 
are saying openly that the ju­
dicial process is being used to 
contain blacks and the poor. 
And often, when they cite ex­
amples, they use George Jack- 
son.

"Something is wrong,” they 
would say, “when a man pleads 
guilty to a $70 robbery and 
spends 10 years in jail and Still 
has no hope of getting out.”

When he was 18 years old,

By EARL CALDWELL
other prisoners but on Jackson.

“At least,” as one of them 
put it, “he wasn’t the only 
victim.”

Jackson became a symbol 
when he was charged along 
with two other Negro prisoners 
with the killing of a white 
guard at Soledad Prison in 
California in January, 1970. The 
guard was killed just after 
three black inmates were shot 
and killed by a tower guard.

Among Negroes, the right or 
wrong of the killings was not 
the issue. Rather, it was the 
conditions of the prison, the 
conditions that blacks saw be­
hind the atmosphere of the kill­
ings.

Increasingly, Negroes saw 
the prisoners treated as sub­
humans. And more and more, 
they accepted the argument 
that too many blacks were held 
not as criminals but as political 
prisoners. It is an idea that 
comes from Malcolm X and one 
that has been put forth again 
and again by other black mili­
tants and now by even the i 
conservatives in the black 
community.

George Jackson was not 
simply a symbol but a writer. 
He told much of his feeling, 
and that of other Negro prison­
ers, in his recently published 
book, “Soledad Brother.”

A,Collection of Letters
The book is a collection of 

his letters. In one, written just 
over a year ago, he conceded 
that he was no longer a nice 
person but he said he was not 
bom that way.

“They created this situation,” 
he wrote. “All that flows from 

their responsibility. 
They’ve created in me one 
irate, resentful nigger—and it’s 
building—to what climax?” 

There had been speculation 
that the climax for George 
Jackson would be violent.

But the opinion was widely 
expressed yesterday that the 
incident at San Quentin was 
only a beginning of what was 
yet to come.

“The prisons in California 
are seething,” a white writer! 
who visited Jackson before his I

George Jackson was sentenced;death said. “They are on the’ 
to from one year to life impris-jverge of overt, open rebellion.”- 
onment for stealing $70 from aj The writer said that he came. 
gas station. On the advice of, away with a great feeling of, 
his lawyer, he pleaded guilty, sadness.

On Saturday, he was shot “I couldn’t help but think,” 
and killed at San Quentin he said, “how pathetic it wasi 
Prison in California. He was: that a man like this had to be 
killed, the authorities said,’an outlaw, a person on the out- 
while trying to escape. Three side looking in—that the Amer-1 
prison guards and two white ican system is such that it 
prisoners also were left dead, could not reconcile a man of

Perhaps the most significant such high intelligence and dedi-, 
aspect is that Negroes in their cation.” 
comments did not focus on the He, too, saw Jackson as 
killing of the guards or the symbol—a symbol of failure.



NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 3 ,  1 9 7 ]

Jackson Called Blacks’ Symbol 
Of Anger With Judicial System

By EARL CALDWELL I
George Jackson was often other prisoners but on Jackson.; 

■described as a symbol, and hei "At least," as one' of them' 
was. For many blacks, he was P*^. wasn t the only:
a dear reflection of the r i s i n g : b e c a m e  a symbol! 
tide of discontent that they'when he was charged alongj 
now hold with the judicial! with two other Negro prisoners] 
system as a whole. jwith the killing of a white!

It is a dissatisfaction that is Ruard at Soledad Prison ini 
deep-rooted and mi.xed nowitialifornia in January, 1970. Thel 
with anger and distrust, it^fiuard was killed just afterl 
showed as word of Jackson’s, three black inmates were shotl 
death flashed across the coun-iund killed by a tower guard. I 
try. I  Among Negroes, the right or!

“I don't know what hap-lwron? of the killings was not! 
pened,” black people were say-ithe issue. Rather, it was the 
ing, “but I don’t believe hei conditions of the prison, the 
was just shot trying to escape.!conditions that blacks saw be- 
There’s more to" it than that."! bind the atmosphere of the kill- 

Once the black concern forjings.
Negro prisoners was limited! Increasingly, Negroes saw 
chiefly to the Nation of Islam (the prisoners treated as sub- 
'—the Black Muslims. And later] bumans. And more and more, 
it was the Black Panther party.! they accepted the argument 
But today, blacks at all levels! that too many blacks were held 
often express the feeling thati not as criminals but as political 
the judicial system has two: prisoners. It is an idea that 
standards—one for whites and: comes from Malcolm X and one 
another for blacks. that has been put forth again

They assert that prisons are! and again by other black mili- 
filled with blacks and that: tants and now by even the 
guards and administrators andteonservatives in ’ the black, 
parole authorities are white. I  community.

White Judges and Juries Jack.son was not^  .simply a symbol but a wnter.l
They mention, too. that often!He told much o f  his feeling,! 

the juries that convict Negrol and that of other Negro prisomi 
defendants are white, that thelers, in his recentiv published! 
judges are white, that the pros-i book, “Soledad Brother." I 
ecuters are white and that the| , „  „  .  ,  I
arresting officers are most of-| ^  Collection of Letters , 
ten white. ; xhe book is a collection of!

In the late nineteen-sixties i his letters. In one, written justi 
whet' the Panthers were sayingiover a vear ago. he conceded! 
that all blacks serving time in'that he was no longer a nice! 
jail were political, pnsoners, the' person but he said he was not! 
Pantaers had little visible sup-;bom that way '
port But there has been a re-i -xhev created this situatibn,”! 
markable change m that atti-jhe wrote. “All that flows from! 

vf- ■ 1 it is their responsibility.!
Now, prominent Negro law-iThey've created in me one! 

yers and even Negro judgesi(rate, resentful nigger—and it's| 
are saying openly that the ju-, building—to what clima.x?” | 
aicial pr^ess is beinji used toi There had been speculation' 
rontain blac.cs and the poor.ithat the climax for George! 
And often, when they cite e.x-'jackson would be violent I 
amples, they use George Jack-1 But the opinion was widely!

• .. .u "“pressed yesterday that the!
something IS wrong, they incident at San Quentin was! 

would say, when a man pleads onl\ a beginning of what wasi 
guiUy to a S70 robben’ and vet' to <-ome " i
speeds 10 years in jail arid still • "The'pri«ms in California! 
has no hone of getting out." .ire seething." a white writer!
^ When he was 18 years old. who visited'-Iackson before his! 
George Jackson was sentenced deash said. “They are on the 
to from one year to life impri.s- verre of overt, orien rehellion.”! 
onment for stealing S<0 from a The writer said that he came 
gas station. On the advice of away with a great feeling of 
his 'awycr. ho pleadod guilt". sadness.

9^ couldn’t' help but think,”
a.na kiiied at San Quentin he sasd, *’how pathetic it was' 

California. He was tha: a man like this had to be 
KK.ed,  ̂ the authorities _said. an outlaw, a person on the out- 
wnuc trying to escape, i hree side looking in—that the Amer- 
pnson guards and two white ican system «s such that it 
prisoners aiso were left dead, could not reconcile a man of 

Perhaps the most signiUcant such high intelligence and dedi- 
aspecc IS that Negroe.s in their cation.”
comment.s did not focus on the He. too, saw Jackson as a 
killing of the guards or the symbol—a symbol of failure. i



•NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 4 ,  1 9 7 1

Death of a Brother
By TOM WICKER

WASHINGTON. Au!;. 23—To many 
Americans, white and black, it will 
ie«m unlikely that the San Quentin 
prison authorities "set up" the killing 
of George Jackson, one of the so- 
called Soledad Brothers, particularly 
lince several guards also were killed. 
But many others, mostly black, per­
haps, but not a few of them white, 
will not find it hard to agree with his 
mother.

“They killed him and set him out 
la the yard and photographed him, 
and then said he tried to escape,” 
Mrs. Jackson toid Wallace Turner of 

‘ The New York Times. ‘"They've been 
trying for ten and a half years to 
do it and they did it.”

'  Most of us never come into difficul- 
. ties with policemen and never see the 
Inside of a prison, even as visitors, 

< and our tendency is to respect author­
ity and to discount as hysterical and 

• lelf-serving such views as Mrs. Jack- 
son expressed. Authority in America 
Is not supposed or generally thought 
to do such things.

But that is not necessarily the view 
bi the black ghetto, where authority 
—mostly white—is deeply mistrusted. 
That is not the view of many in the 
black community everywhere who— 
just in the last year or so—have seen 

-little or nothing done about the Or­
angeburg Massa-cre, the rioters shot in 
the back in Amgusta, the students 
gunned down at Jackson State. Fred 
Hampton destroyed in his bed, and 
hundreds of less publicized crimes. 
That is not the view of those who 
have seen young sons and brothers 
go to prison for minor offenses and 
come out of these grim schools o t 
.crime and degeneracy—if they ever do 
—as hardened law-breakers and per­
manent outcasts from society.

' Nor are blacks—or Chicanes or In­
dians or other minorities—the only 
people who look at authority in Amer­
ica with misgivings or mistrust The 
dead and maimed students at Kent 
State were white, and nothing is to 
be done. Other whites in low economic 
and social statis Itnow what it means 
to bo powerless and hopeless before 
en uncaring or ooore.ssive law. And 
many whites who are neither power­
less nor hopeless are nevertheless 
deeply concerned, and aware that all 
is not as promised in the promised 
land.

So if it may well be true that Mrs. 
Jackson was overA-rought—why not, 
•A'i'Jt two sons dead before the gunfire 
of white authority?—it is also true 
that, for once, this predominantly 
white society ought not passively to 
eccepit the opposite and usual assump­
tion tiiat authority is blameless and 
truthful, and those who defy it are

m - T H E  NATION
fools or depraved, especially If black.

That is not just because George 
Jackson, the tragic and talented au­
thor of “The Prison Letters," sen­
tenced at 19 for one year to life for 
confessing to a $70 robbery, had be­
come a symbol to so many blacks— 
particularly the young and passionate 
—of the rank injustice they believe 
with all too much reason their people 
have suffered at the hands of the 
police and the courts and the prisons. 
It is that symbolic position and the 
violence of his death at San Quentin 
that will cause so many in anger and 
in sorrow to agree with Mrs. Jackson 
that at last her defiant son was 
“set up.”

If it can be demonstrated beyond 
reasonable doubt that there was no 
such “set up.” of course that may be 
useful to society in trying to hold 
black disaffection and anger within 
bounds. Almost certainly, and for just 
that reason, there already are stirrings 
within the liberal power structure to 
press an investigation to the limit. So 
was there in the case of Fred Hampton, 
with little result.

A better reason for challenging of­
ficial explanations and general assump­
tions in the San Quentin case is to 
get at the truth of George Jackson’s 
life, not just the truth of his death. 
Whether or not he was shot while 
escaping or was in some way “set up” 
for killing, his life was the real trag­
edy. It is indisputably an American 
tragedy.

He was, that is, not merely a vic­
tim of racism, although he was cer­
tainly that. He was a victim, too, of 
the poverty and hunger and disad­
vantage that are not the lot of blacks 
alone in this richest country on earth. 
Its schools treated him with contempt. 
He was shot at age 15 by its violent 
lawmen. Its courts knew nothing bet­
ter to do with him than to send him 
to its harsh prisons, where he spent 
a third of his life. There, and in his 
brief years on the streets of Chicago 
and Los Angeles—by his own account 
—he learned that “the jungle is still 
the jungle, be it composed of trees or 
skyscrapers, and the law of the jungle 
is bite or be bitten.”

A talented writer, a sensitive man, 
a potential leader and political thinker 
of great persuasiveness, George Jack- 
son was destroyed long before he was 
killed at San Quentin. Tliere are thou­
sands upon thousands like him—black 
and white, brothers all—who will be 
or have been destroyed, too. Until this 
wanton destruction of humanity in 
America is seen for what it is, it will 
go on, and consume us all.



NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 3 ,  1971

Jackson Called Blacks’ Symbol 
Of Anger With Judicial System

By EARL CALDWELL
George Jackson was often'other prisoners but on Jackson, 

described as a symbol, and hel least,” Ss one' Of them
was. For many blacks, he was P!if.
a clear reflection of t..e risingi jackson became a symbol 
tide of discontent that they! when he was charged along 
now hold with the judicialj with two other Negro prisoners 
system as a whole. ; wdh the killing of a white

It is a dissatisfaction that iS' guard at Soledad Prison in 
deep-rooted and mixed nowit-aliromia m January, 1970. The 
with anger and distrust. It! guard was killed just after 
showed as word of Jackson's, three black inmates were shotj 
death flashed across the coun-|and killed by a tower guard. 
tiy_ I .Among Negroes, the right or!

“I don't know what hap-! wrong of the killings was not 
pened," black people were say-ithe issue. Rather, it was the 
ing, “but I don't believe heiconditions of the prison, the 
was just shot trying to escape, cutthitions that blacks saw be- 
There’s more to it than that.'’!hind the atmosphere of the kill- 

Once the black concern fori lags- 
Negro prisoners was limited! Increasingly, Negroes saw 
ichiefly to the Nation of Islam!the prisoners treated as sub- 
!—the Black Muslims. And later! humans. And more and more, 
it was the Black Panther party.! they accepted the argument 
But today, blacks at all levels! that too many blacks were held 
often express the feeling that] not as criminals but as political 
the judicial system has two! prisoners, it is an idea that 
standards—one for whites and! comes from Malcolm X and one 
another for blacks. I that has been put forth again

They assert that prisons are!and again by other black mili- 
filled with blacks and that!tants and now by even the
guards and administrators and 
parole authorities are white.

White Judges and Juries 
They mention, too, that often 

the juries that convict Negro
defendants are white, that the , ,
judges are white, that the pros-|book. “Soledad Brother.” 
ecutors are white and that the 
arresting officers are most of­
ten white.

In the late nineteen-sixties

the blackconservatives 
community.

George Jackson was not 
simply a symbol but a writer. 
He told much of his feeling, 
and that of other Negro prison­
ers, in his recently published!

A Collection of Letters
The book is a collection of 

his letters. In one, written just
when the Panthers were saying i over a year ago, he conceded 
that all blacks serving time in j that he was no longer a nice, 
jail were political prisoners, the! person but he said he was notl 
Panthers had little visible sup-|bom that way. I
port. But there has been a re-i “They created this situation,”! 
markable change in that aui-|he wrote. “All that flows from! 
tude. I it is their responsibility.!

Now, prominent Negro law-ijhey've created in me one! 
yers and even Negro judges: (rate, resentful nigger—and it’s 
are saying openly that the ju-| building—to what climax?” 
dicial process is being used to| There had been speculation 
contain blacks and the poor.lthat the climax for George 
And often, when they cite ex-!jackson would be violent, 
amples, they use George Jack-j But the opinion was widely 
son. I expressed yesterday that the

“Something is wrong.” they incident at San Quentin was 
would say, “when a man pleads onlv a beginning of what was 
guilty to a $70 robbery and yet' to come, 
spends 10 years in jail and .still “The prisons in California! 
has no hope of getting out.” are seething.” a white writer 

When he was 18 years old, who vi.sited Jackson before hisi 
George Jackson was sentenced death said. “They are on the! 
to from one year to life impns- verge of overt, ooen rehellion.”j 
onment for stealing $70 from a The writer said that he came' 
gas station On the advice ot away with a great feeling of, 
his lawyer, he pleaded guilf. sadness. j

On Saturday, he was shot “I couldn’t' help but think,”' 
and killed at San Quentin he said, "how pathetic it was' 
Prison in California. He was that a man like this had to be 
killed, the authorities said, an outlaw, a person on the out- 
whilo trying to escape. Three side looking in—t.hat the Amer- 
prison guards and two white ican system is such that it 
pri.soners also were left dead, could not reconcile a man of 

Perhaps the most significant such high intelligence and dedi- 
aspect is that Negroes in their cation.” I
comments did not locus on the He. too, saw Jackson as a 
killing of the guards or the symbol—a symbol of failure, j



NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 4 ,  1 9 7 1

Death of a Brother
Sy TOM WICKER

WASHINGTON. Aug. 23—To many 
Americans, white and black, it will 
*eem unlikely that the San Quentin 
prison authorities "set up” the killing 
of George Jackson, one of the so- 
called Soledad Brothers, particularly 
since several guards also were killed. 
But many others, mostly black, per­
haps. but not a few of them white, 
will not find it hard to agree with his 

' mother.
“They killed him and set him out 

in the yard and photographed him, 
and then said he tried to escape,” 
Mrs. Jackson told Wallace Turner of 

‘ The New York Times. “They’ve been 
trying for ten and a half years to 
do it and they did it.”

’ Most of us never come into difficul- 
. ties with policemen and never see the 
Inside of a prison, even as visitors, 

' and our tendency is to respect author­
ity and to discount as hysterical and 

-self-serving such views as Mrs. Jack- 
ion expressed. Authority in America 
is not supposed or generally thought 
to do such things.

But that is not necessarily the view 
in the black ghetto, where authority 
—mostly white—is deeply mistrusted. 
That is not the view of many in the 
black community everywhere who— 
just in the last year or so—have seen 
little or nothing done about the Or­
angeburg Massacre, the rioters shot in 
the back in Augusta, the students 
gunned down at Jackson State, Fred 
Hampton destroyed in his bed, and 
h u n d ^ s  of less publicized crimes. 
That is not the view of those who 
have seen young sons and brothers 
go to prison for minor offenses and 
come out of these grim schools of 
.crime and degeneracy—if they ever do 
—as harden^ law-breakers and per­
manent outcasts from society.

' Nor are blacks—or C3iicanos or In­
dians or other minorities—the only 
people who look at authority in Amer­
ica with misgivings or mistrust The 
dead and maimed students at Kent 
State were white, and nothing is to 
be done. Other whites in low economic 
and social status know what it means 
to  be powerless and hopeless before 
an uncaring or oppressive law. And 
many whites who are neither power­
less nor hopeless are nevertheless 
deeply concerned, and aware that all 
is not as promised in the promised 
land.

So if it may well be true that Mrs. 
Jackson was overwrought—why not. 
with two sons dead before the gunfire 
of white authority?—it is also true 
that, for once, this predominantly 
white society ought not passively to 
accept the opposite and usual assump­
tion that authority is blameless and 
truthful, and those who defy it are

-IN-THE NATION
fools or depraved, especially if black.

That is not just because George 
Jackson, the tragic and talented au­
thor of “The Prison Letters,"! sen­
tenced at 19 for one year to life for 
confessing to a $70‘robbery, hdd be­
come a symbol to so many blacks— 
particularly the young and passionate 
—of the rank injustice they believe 
with all too much reason their people 
have suffered at the hands of the 
police and the couits and the prisons. 
It is that symbolic position and the 
violence of his death at San Quentin 
that will cause so many in anger and 
in sorrow to agree with Mrs. Jackson 
that a t last her defiant son was 
“set up.”

If it can be demonstrated beyond 
reasonable doubt that there was no 
such “set up,” of course that may be 
useful to society in trying to hold 
black disaffection and anger within 
bounds. Almost certainly, and for just 
that reason, there already are stirrings 
within the liberal power structure to 
press an investigation to the limit. So 
was there in the case of Fred Hampton, 
with little result.

A better reason for challenging of­
ficial explanations and general assump­
tions in the San Quentin case is to 
get at the truth of George Jackson's 
life, not just the truth of his death. 
Whether or not he was shot while 
escaping or was in some way “set up” 
for killing, his life was the real trag­
edy. It is indisputably an American 
tragedy.

He was, that is, not merely a vic­
tim of racism, although he was cer­
tainly th a t He was a victim, too, of 
the poverty and hunger and disad­
vantage that are not the lot of blacks 
alone in this richest coimtry on earth. 
Its schools treated him with contempt. 
He was shot at age 15 by its violent 
lawmen. Its courts knew nothing bet­
ter to do with him than to send him 
to its harsh prisons, where he spent 
a third of his life. 'There, and in his 
brief years on tlie streets of Chicago 
and Los Angeles— b̂y his own account 
—he learned that “the jungle is still 
the jungle, be it composed of trees or 
skyscrapers, and the law of the jungle 
is bite or be bitten.”

A talented writer, a sensitive man, 
a potential leader and political thinker 
of great persuasiveness, George Jack- 
son was destroyed long before he was 
killed at San Quentin. There are thou­
sands upon thousands like him—black 
and white, brothers all—who will be 
or have been destroyed, too. Until this 
wanton destruction of humanity in 
America is seen for what it is. it will 
go on, and consume us all.



NEW YORK TIMES A u g u s t  2 4 ,  19 7 1

Death of a Brother
By TOM WICKER

WASHINGTON. Aug. 23—To many 
Americans, white and black, it will 
leem unlikely that the San Quentin 
prison authorities “set up" the killing 
of George Jackson, one of the so- 
called Soledad Brothers, particularly 
ilnce several guards also were killed. 
But many others, mostly black, per­
haps, but not a few of them white. 
 ̂will not find it hard to agree with his 
■ mother.

"They killed him and set him out 
in the yard ard photographed him. 

’]«nd then said he tried to escape," 
Mrs. Jackson told Wallace Turner of 

‘ The New York Times. “They’ve been 
trying for ten and a half years to 
do it and they did i t ”

'  Most of us never come into difficul­
ties with policemen and never see the 
inside of a prison, even as visitors, 

j  and our tendency is to respect author­
ity and to discount as hystericai and 

-self-serving such views as Mrs. Jack- 
son expressed. Authority in America 
is not supposed or generally thought 
to do such things.

But that is not necessarily the view 
in the black ghetto, where authority 
—̂ nostly white—is deeply mistrusted. 
That is not the view of many in the 
black community everywhere who— 
just in the last year or so—have seen 
little or nothing done about the Or­
angeburg Massacre, the rioters shot in 
the back in Augusta, the students 
gunned down at Jackson State, Fred 
Hampton destroyed in his bed, and 
himdreds of less publicized crimes. 
That is not the view of those who 
have seen young sons and brothers 
go to prison for minor offenses and 
come out of these grim schools of 
.crime and degeneracy—if they ever do 
—as hardened law-breakers and per­
manent outcasts from society.

I Nor are blacks—or Chicanes or In­
dians or other minorities—the only 
people who look at authority in Amer­
ica with misgivings or mistrust. The 
dead and maimed students at Kent 
State were white, and nothing is to 
be done. Other whites in low economic 
and social status know what it means 
to bo powerless and hopeless before 
an imcaring or oppressive law. And 
many whites who are neither power­
less nor hopeless are nevertheless 
deeply concerned, and aw-are that all 
is not as promised in the promised 
land.

So if it may well be true that Mrs. 
Jackson was overwrought—why not, 
with two sons dead before the gunfire 
of white authority?—it is also true 
that, for once, this predominantly 
white society ought not passively to 
accept the opposite and usual assump­
tion that authority is blameless and 
truthful, and those who defy it are

IN -T H E  NATION
fools or depraved, especially if black.

That is not just because George 
Jackson, the tragic and talented au­
thor of “The Prison Letters,” sen­
tenced at 19 for one year to life for 
confessing to a $70 robbery, had be­
come a symbol to so many blacks— 
particularly the young and passionate 
—of the rank injustice they believe 
with all too much reason their people 
have suffered at the hands of the 
police and the courts and the prisons. 
It is that symbolic position and the 
violence of his death at San Quentin 
that will cause so many in anger and 
in sorrow to agree with Mrs. Jackson 
that at last her defiant son was 
"set up.” *

If it can be demonstrated beyond 
reasonable doubt that there was no 
such “set up,” of course that may be 
useful to society in trying to hold 
black disaffection and anger within 
bounds. Almost certainly, and for just 
that reason, there already are stirrings 
within the liberal power structure to 
press an investigatioji to t o  limit. So 
was to r e  in t o  castfpf Fred Hampton, 
with little result

A better reason for challenging of­
ficial explanations and general assump­
tions in the San Quentin case is to 
get at t o  truth of George Jackson's 
life, not just t o  truth of his death. 
Whether or not he was shot while 
escaping or was in some way "set up” 
for killing, his life was t o  real trag­
edy. It is indisputably an American 
tragedy.

He was, that, is, not merely a vic­
tim of racism, although he was cer­
tainly that. He was a victim, too, of 
the poverty and hunger and disad­
vantage that are not the lot of blacks 
alone in this richest country on earth. 
Its schools treated him with contempt. 
He was shot at age 15 by its violent 
lawmen. Its courts knew nothing bet­
ter to do with him than to send him 
to its harsh prisons, where he spent 
a  third of his life. There, and in his 
brief years on the streets of Chicago 
and Los Angeles— b̂y his own account 
—he learned that "the jungle is still 
the jungle, be it composed of trees or 
skyscrapers, and the law of the jungle 
is b'ite or be bitten.”

A talented writer, a sensitive man, 
a potential leader and political thinker 
of great persuasiveness, George Jack- 
son was destroyed long before he was 
killed at San Quentin. There are thou­
sands upon thousands like him—black 
and white, brothers all—who will be 
or have been destroyed, too. Until this 
wanton destruction of humanity in 
America is seen for what it is, it will 
go on, and consume us all.



A  R e v i e w  b y  S u z a n n a h  L e s s a r c i

Solc'(i;ui Biothcr
rik- Prison !a llvrs ol'Cioorr'c J;icksoii , ,,

S I .50

C'u.'or;.!,c .hijkson is a product of tliat 
ir.f'st prolific brccdiiii' cround of black 
r.‘V< ■>]’,< l i< lie s. tee i i '.»i lua pri.-Ayv 
SN'.U'in. Tci! \ c:ns .iro. wiica lie v as ! H, 
he was accused 'd consinnicy in l!ic 
armed robbery of S70 from a eas station. 
His lawyer told him tiial since he had a 
record -tlie usual iiliettu youth's history 
of cpett\' crime nothiuy could be done 
and, thouah tiicre was cwidcnce ol his 
innocci'.ce. he should pleau yiiiliy and 
llnow himself upon the mercy of t!ic 
court. He did, and received a sentence ot 
,')ue r ear to lile. He has served 10 yxars 
now. La.st Februaiy lie came, into the 
pu'dic eye when he was licensed, v.’iih 
two o t h e r  i'hick inmates, Ideeta 
Hiuine.o ami .lohii ( luehette. id the nun- 
iler ot a .'scied.ul euard,

lie emetees from obscuritr tr.m 
f o u n e d  from a prei

'.w ’U, doPii'di-y;,
leiiee, pir-sio;'., an-c eontree. into a

uious. desiKiiI - 
now-

e'ni !v.\_ ot_ah^o!U ;e mmunni!nen_;_. ndo a 
■ R r r i i d e ~ p r . i > , y e i , . T h s  r J c e i i t l y  v n ' f u d . e d  
letters 'of t'ne 1 pi six years are his testa­
ment. They ranee m tone Iruin .a

s , .  - /  ,:n  „ i . w . s < i l ' l  •/ : - l 1 !’”

clarity to anxious confusion, Irom love 
to anger, Iron! intiactalile bitterness to 
r.-ncrous j>n'd voir.jv’i|ing..wto ml 1 •, docn- 
meniine ; ia.hii inc processes, o! . the re- 
v'oluiionary mind tmd the liili spcclruin 
of feelings ami awarc’ess of a sensitive 
inlclligent. man who has been.di ivcn into 
a revohiiionaiy position. Whatever the 
fallacies of the mililani Mack movement, 
wlialeter liic ttnlcome, it is clear fiOin_ 
.lackson's letters that in pining hinisclf 
aeainsv a 'stK'icty which branded iiini as a 
condenmed'man from the start iie lount! 
salvation; that iiis strength, his retiiie- 
nient, even Ids capacity lor growth: are 
all liie resuil of his adoption of. in his
Word, " a n t i i h e s i s . "

.lackson. went to prison in IhbO: "1 
fell iiilo llii:i I'.arba.ge can in a luncolic 
sUpHH a')d they just closed the iid lor 
good."'-.’\t  lliat point th.e ng.oious ti.ms- 
lomciiioii '.vsMn. lia.'ly on he met the 
new breed o! black eons', the militauls 
■ni.' 'ihc Mn l̂lnis, He becan to read - 
history, .economics, Mtio.' Malcolm X. 
and faiei Clc ocr. 1 iKiiich lie did no! 
Iiccccne a ‘dusiinv Ow' didn't Irclicve m 
re 'ver or sub:n''-siont be Icainctl from 
then code o! pride.,md disciidm.c, lurned 
!ns powers, viiiandeied tip to ;;ov,'. to a



■-‘t 111!nn i>u-,i.' ,:n'i ijUK tJ\- Ihĥ 'uk'
Ills in>.ii 'rii’hi, A <,incl .if
i-XfU'Isi- rii'lll ihrvi- lo !V,C lun>;s ;i 
li.iV- aiul .sliui}' c<insiini..'(l lii.s (ime; he
L-anicu io niaiKijic x’-i iiliva luuirs of
slocii lio lackk'i,! Swaliih. Anibi^,
and C’lniK'st'. And lie liiouehi. He 
I’ ccaine  a fo n n id a h ic  pliv-,ieal 

■siiecifiv. ii -si\ feer iwo indies and ?!5  
innincK o f  solid liitisele and tU\ eloped a 
tou!di spiriuial, liber, became a rn tn.%\ho 
did no! knver his eyes.diid not even 
jiieiend to inlenonty on- "iiili. u<e 

- s>mpi(>ms pi iehabilisation. 1 he new 
(icorpe Jackson became a ieyend in liic 
Oihibniia prison ss siem - a black convict 
who retiised ;o provd. All tlicse tliimz, 
got him into worse Irolihie than he lufd 
ever incuna\! cm (lie .streets:

Soniettium should be said here about 
Ihe instilutioiis where Jackson served liis 
lime. !'011_\ per cent ol tiie inmates in 
the Cahlornia prison. sysieni are black 
(although black peoiilc comprise only 13 
I'cr cent of tl'e tiopulation). According 
to liie lestimony oi .countless inmatesa 
iind an olficiai re'[Kiri''', compiled liv 
Sonaloi Menyii Dvmally chairman oi' 
the t alih'nha Senate Democratic Cau­
cus, who made a personal invesiigatiun 
at Soledad- the prison guariLs, guvatly 
outnumiiered by the inmates, divcTt hos­
tility tioin llleiiisclves by encouraLun'; 
the lai’ist leiulen:. K's oi the white and 
Chiiano inmalcs and playing tlieiii cdl 
a.gaiiist tile bl.lv ks. I'or instance aceord-
ii!!' to tlk’-î -̂[x,]-t in the snav.':
imuin .seeii.'iiy wing are iiiieiiiionully 
opened by ginuK to allow mtenacial ' 
lights at tluee-to-one and six-tc'-one 
ratios, and guards smuggled weapons to 
lavoied inmatc.s.on iiiat wmg." Anotiier- 
custom i.s., in Jaeksun's words (;nic! cor- 
roboiaied by the report), lor “ the more 
PLUeise, . . jto) saxc. lheii exeielioiis to 
ti'ii-ow m oi.„ cells as they naik h ;ei: and 
ioili! to liicir shower aiul exercise. The

' X ;

r .
f ('.thtoTum f 

Prcsrnt.Al 
1 ‘>70. ■

-J)vi
‘jj'Uo;, .Sa

A\/b- ) i i';i!men} i'll Pi

op:
SlUiC.:.

K

■ "’’“ ,,‘7''*'"-'-^ c e v r 'r
Or ior oiliciiiis U) assigii pnrtjai- 

dil,v Vicious.racists to serve meals to the 
blacks, and in these instances tlie food 

.comes mixed with cleanser pciwder 
grouiul glass. Icces. spit, and urine

As Jackson has pointed out (in an 
...open letter published in the i 7,V,/a ' 

p'w e .  .September 17, ib70), every guard 
knows he is one of 40 men who'must 
control tiicHisancIs against their will. | |c 
knows that a large munber of Ihe in­
mates  are probably schizophrenic- 
reaction cases and' lias been told tiiat 
•'Cln/ophrenics reaet principally to tlie 
mulonii, not td the individual, so (hat. 
whatever Ins own policies mav be. lie 
mcuis the lialred , inspired by the be- 
haMor ot all liie other guards: "Allhougii 
lie van bring into play a superior ami, 
any cine ot tlie. thousands streaming pa t̂ 
him could be armed .with a eiiide hut 
lethal knite. eliib.-zipgun with silencer 

Although he ..controls . the greater 
Moleneejie can never relax. Fear 
begets.tear. And wwcome out vc'illi two 
groups o! scliizoids. .one k>uai\!im> iha 
rniiei.-’ .By conspiring with the while 
agamvt the Idacks. the guards deveiop a 
more llexibie relationship with the 
wniles, which enable:, them to cxeieim 
control by oilier means than sheer lei- 
pu. I!m with the black inmate the giiaid 
-as no i.oiKl. H ick is ik' leeway m tiieir 
relalioiiNliip: it is enmity frdnv start to
Jitusb. the one containing .i,j,



; Ihrougli I'orL'C ' alor«';j- v>'i,ilr no cxi!. lor 
ciiliLT. Any sipn'-ol' r(.v;ikitr;mce, any 
break in the snhinissive denuanor therc- 
I'ore is terrifying to the guartls ami must 
be emslu’d inslan'.lx. Incviialilv tiune aite 
blacks who refuse to submit, and ■''O ig- 
cvilabh’ the guards must he preinned to 
use ultimate tactics, if it comes to the 
ciuueli, every lilac!,- sninate; i.ioiv's that 
all a guard need lio is incite a white cim 
to attack him. and then the guard, wliose 
duty it is to break up figJits, will luive an 
e.xcuse to shoot the black man through 
the heart.

Jackson looked the guards in the eye, 
tailed to reassure them that lie wtis. 
afraid, and refused t(' be inanipiiiatcii 
relusetl lo gel imulvetl in the brawls and 
sel-ups out of Which the guards made 
such capital, lie stayed alive by exer­
cising e.xti ciri : ,ind 'umv.'i' eriiie emit ion: 
he never allowed anyone to approach 
him unless he could see both tlteii liands, 
avoided open spaces, and when he 
couldn't avoiii ihetn, kept close loeover  
in ease the guards should ir\ to use their 
guns. Unable to lure him into tiie eus- 
lom.iry traps, th.',’ guards ecnik! exercise 
eonliol onh. l'>- putting him in soiitary-- 
iie cpeiii Seven oi the Ii'n ye.irs in 
isokitioi! and by se-clng liiai ve.ir at'ter 
ve.ii he was deiih'd parole. (I’.uole 
boaids make jmlgmenls l.ugelv' mi die 
basis oi eonduel i-'i’Oi!, ijkd by the 
guards uilliout any supervi-iem.) "No 
biaek will, leave, l.lii > .i'.!;ii,e,jf lie luo any

v'o'eiu ' in his p.isi until they see that 
..liiiug in his eye.s you e-.ih’l I.ike it 
1 c’sii’.n.ii ioii .di'le.il It must he cleailv 
slanijud ,iiios, his f.h'.-." Sli.ingeiy 
enom;,h, v ,'.ii alter vear, he continued to 
hope.' e - ‘ .

'. There are many aspeelsmf Jackson’s ■ 
ieSters which explain his position anri 
express the deirtir of feeling Troin which 
il Sjirings, I'ut his letters to his parents.

■ particularly to his lather, reveal espe- 
'cially vdvidiy why he' evolved this w a y  
and vvhy Ire persisted iip his bcliavior, 

,\v’ny he could , not even feign guilt and 
defeat in order to strengthen his:chanccs 
of getting out. He had rejected entirely 
the p' litic submissivenes.s of his I'alher, 
because he knew it was tiiat very policy 
and the state of mind it engemlered 
v^iicli allowed a sysleni of racial oppres­
sion like that at .Soledud to persist. Black 
ac<!uiesccncc was, he knew, a major 
obstacle in the wav of black liberation, 
i- i'hose lotk’rs_ejicapsulatc the struggle 
between two generations .. of black 
.•kuKTicaus lh.Qse_ who wouJ;i cast ..their 
lot with_ Ijic systenj dcyutcjt.s abuses 
and the spiritual cost, and those who 
finerthe black role in the society.intoler- 

; able—worse than... iniprispjijncnt,....worse 
than death. It is clear from the letters 
that Jackson’s parents resisted any sug-, 
gestii'i) liiat they had been treated un­
justly or that tlieir life had not lieen re­
warding, and they conumtniealed to him 
their fimdamental assumption that 
Ce'crge continued to be punished he- 
eause he continued lo do wrong. The son 
retaliates with patience and exasper­
ation, careful argument and bitter oul- 
burst. (,'ruelly be reminds his father of 
the'dark, garbage-strewn alley they lived 
on iioChicago, of the labor his wife liad 
lo endure- ■‘all of us hungry, if not for 
food the other things that make life 
bear.ible"- and asks him where is tlie 
“good life” and tiie freedom he is always 
talking alHiut; "1 know you have never 
been t’u'e. . . , How do you think I felt 
when I saw you |iM)k around and see 
your be.sl efforts go for mMhing 
nothing, i can coiinl the times on mv



\ <;ui ni:;n;ii'A'd fo v, i\i, ,ip ;i
Imili’Ail li: ill;- ;;l liu‘ niihuili;

Mill wilh liic Mibnii'siW- i.'iiu-i in ir.- in- 
(ii; Iniv'llf. M'llNr oi l-i'11 ,i\,ii, ol iuiv iil;- 
l’i'>'ii l.iiK'i! by IIk’ p.Ill Hi iiml ;Vi.:t 
sion;il!>' tni-i iho \A-ais (b-i.iyi- lashes imi 
in biller aneei. Alter l;is ra’iiei lias vvnl- 
len the authorities liiet his son is ‘'.bent 
tnj seir'tieslrnetion’" a letter wiiiell liie. 

OiTieia!'. Irhii;iph;mtl>- showed Georee 
and used as an cx'ciise 1u:pi.:i him in a 
e;il with the lock weidet! closed tic calls 
die i.a'hor an Un-tie ioin outrieiH; “.All 
my life \x)ti liave betrased the. . ; .1 will 
never forgive yoit. , .never trust yoti 
again. . ... l-ather against son, and 
brother . a";iinst brother. This is lrul\' 
detestable. You arc a sick inan.” ,,Jo a 
iriends tie writes; “You see some one 
laileil betorc me, trembled and tailed, 
my hither, Ids lather, leavingX'amphei! 
(lite judge at the pt;etnal hea'ptig ip the 
murtier, case) in a position to rii{tj' me 
out.” (  "t-i.

Tlie tun of war between Jackson-and 
his parents must lie one that is going on 
all over tiie country-wlterever there is a 
Black i’anllier Party, wherever bkiek 
militancy has taken root. No doubt 
many just cut lliemselves off  from tlieir 
ptirenl.s, and many more probably don’t 
even itave a father with whom to con­
tend.' But there is sometliing classic 
about tb.e slmgglc. It h;;s implications hir 
iicytiiiu tlu’sc two imlivitluals, and some­
thingnecessary about it. too, I'tirGcmnc 
persists afiei lagmg at bis latber. persists 
after telling his mOiti-cr he lias notiiing 
more lv> say to her. begging them boiii. 
after his most viuipeiative tnilluitsl. for 
their siiiiction, “dlie same obligation you 
felt towards us 1 leel towards Mistoiy" 
he wrote to iiis father. “ I must follow 
my Cali, it is of great imc>ortancc to me 
!li;il you understand this and give me 
youi frlessiiigs. ! ih'ii't care about any­
body else. 1 don’t leal I must explain 
mysell or be understood b\ aintmc else 
on e.iitii.’’ It is a relallonsliip txised on 
coiilbel: lo\alIy to liie \crv I'crsuil \iUi 
feel In \'oui woisi ir.iiioi, love loi ;he 
cruiMHiimciit (>1 \'inir v.ois! enemy; the 
son inslmctiii” tiic lather, bcr:i!iiie him

Pw not having m.-ilucied Inm. iiaimg i,,c 
father for idea sing him into a vicious 
v.oiki without w'.iriiing. beiiiling all his 
slicnglli (ovsirdN iv<le-,'niing the (atli-.-i 
hum his coiidilion. ,\t the boiit-m If;.' 
conlliel is icduccti to imaiiswvrafilc. 
tingtiisli; “Wiitil is it iluit ivalb, tlcstio\ cd 
my father's comluil. liiai doomed, his 
entire generation to a life without 
coiileiit? What is it iliat iiti.s been work­
ing, against my generation from the da> 
we were iK'rii.tiirough every day to tiiis 
.one?" .

Robert Lester Jackson e.visls in Id.s 
son's letters onlya.s ;i ghost without tlie 
power lo .rciMy, but he becomes vivid 
nevertheless, ;i weary downcast figure, 
worried, but like his son persistent in 
their rekitionship. writing back despite 
his fear of George’s insistent demands, 
tiespile the rebukes, driving long nights 
from I.os Angeles to visit.

Georgia, Jackson’s mother, failed her 
son during the long years until the mur­
der cittirge in miicli the same war as his 
father did. But site comes thrc'tigh not 
nearly as inntlequale- perhaps. b.\ aioe 
her son demanded less of her, perltaps 
because the role of the black rvomttn is 
less debilitulir.g than that of the m.ale. 
It’s in F^oberl Jackson anyway that one 
gets a fleeting but shocking glimpse of, 
what has driven the younger blacks to

.•lti.vn'er,v rf> loha l'i'lilicul I'lizzlc: ,;

W A it V 'S 'F i ' l  “j r in p ''T A ^ < S . W C V

i S i T x  ’ ’d ' o 'p '
1^1  . iV j  1 s t  i c i j o i  

•W-] B "  c  r  s  .T d  p. e w  
i g a o L i e i j H . n p i : ]  

<5 tja <3 'T> r- Pi oc p f ir  I c 
D R i . j H i J c i i i L i J c ' r F r j t o
■R £  P  I f C< L / C / \  N : r j R O  N

\tnim
R £  s T -  X & c  L r S  iG-4  S  P
;if . H e r  :f L,Jp L 1 l L'l 4  i ' i - i  J A '  
f  P  o  i 1 T  V o  V/ N I P A  R 
; 0 U r i  . , e n I  i j w I  „ i r u H l J s ,  

X>1.JC A N -P d  P  A T  t i ,



r.i!*c 'its weakness. lus-acquieseetK,.-; liis 
woril'.ine'.s cast av,: y witlioul ,i nminur 
on a Ills' c'l' slasis'n loi! lorwhicli lie rc- 
C'.'ivs'tl liitlc iitoic Ilian lil'iisC-

'i hciv is ar.otlvcr rl'cana iiji' i-oni'lict an ,■ 
ii'iO IcUei'o bi'twsVii JacksVsn's .ceichtaJ 
appn'uch U) llu'-s!luatu<!!i.aiiii Ills inc-' 
Picssil'K' s’liKMion.ii Iesnonss’. l-iiitly arn 
lie I'.'iv>-i\sa. thal 'liis I'aiO h.ul no! inVii 
ilsnerrniiKi! by ijj;. bad Inck, bv in;, dci- 
soua! d.spv'S.lK'ai, blit ba;obcs'n t'ur ton-' 
scf|iis’nc-J bi a. ivnciai condition- a 
cnicial: step ) towards ,;i ri'volulionary 
position, it follows I'rc'Di tlijs reali/.ation ■ 
thill the iniUyidiKil ego inusl be subju­
gated lu the cause o f  changing tlie eon- " 
dition, and through the years he de­
velops ;i frightening' objectivity about 
hiniscif. as though he is perfecting an-' 
instrument. Ont of tins conics'ihe eoki. 
perfect ed ■ re so I ul ion. umvcgotiable 
I'ccauSc, lite snbieet has wri.tten nit his 
personal self, iiieiiuling his life, liis goals 
are p.iritdbxic’!: l'- be Siiiiil-like_ in liis 
self-ahnegatin;.' austerity and diabolical 
in his rutliicss lieterminalion, at once 
supremely arrogant and perfeeth' hum­
ble. to make himself into superman, yet 
consider himself perfeelly expendable.

But on the other hand is .lackson's 
regard for the people close, to liim: ‘"riiis 
sigiiifieant feature. . .redeems the revolu­
tion. iilters the sanguiiie,coloring ot war 

, atid gives rcrolution its love motive. 
Jackson’s affection for Iiis parents, sib­
lings. .and triends-some v.liite comes" 
llirour'h !ii his most bitts'i invective, a 
steadv ground swell, lie cannot repre:>s 
it. it attaches iisell to the tiniest concern 
am! the largest, lie wants more Ilian aiiy- 
tliiiif, to lake care of his paieiils. to eom- 
Ibil them. Jonatiian (>11 the other hand, 
ins younger hrotlier h\' 1 1 year--, he tries 
to inslruei. tries to give wliat his ialhcr 
failed to give him. He calls inni his 
"older brotiier.” Ids; "free self.” his 
"ma.nehild." .As the \ e.us go by, tiiese 
lei.itioir.l'iip;  ̂ beeom',- iiiore mtense nnhei 
than flagging, despite Hie eonslncting 
conditions muicr v.lnvii lhe\' piugiess. 
I'hey save (ieoigc. thc>' ke.p Inm 

__btmnin, and .it llu .same Iiine.lla'V ate liis

ideological, but tlie\' iihiinim.' what lies 
at tiu eerre o1 ms political direction. < 

nure, is .’.n a.brniM elumge in the 
(]iia!it\' of .l.u’ksini's letters aiter lu' was 
chargi’d. v.'ilii niurdei. It’s not tii.'il b.e be- 
eonves harder or more ex-treme. ..but ' 
ralliei that lie bccoines a mucii. larger 
;Versi()ii.or liimself.-As a \vhile Iibend you..', 
X'.m d.sil will! file old Jackson; '..iih-lhe 
the new man there iusi isn t aiy ihiin: to, 
s,iy. H e  draw-, yon im like :i \vhiili)Ool , 

.iin'd you eitlter g.o:or \ 01 f don't.-., j

' ' This is how the murder charge, caitic 
a b o u t .O -w  ing is a maximum security ■ 
section , For two months prior/.to the 
opcniiig o f  a new.O-wing exercise yard, 
the . inmates of the wing had not been 
allowed to exercise together because of  
extreme' racial tension. But on January 
13,-1^70. the day the yard opened, a 
group of 17 inmates, seven black and 10 
virulently anti-black (there is some dis- 
crepiiiicy iibont the numbers, but the 
ratio is ronglrly .lecurate by ad acconntsi 

were skin-searched lor weapons and let 
out into' ll'.e yard. A guard who was 
known as an expert miirksman was sta­
tioned in a tower about 13 feet above 
the yard witli a loaded carbine.

Predictably, someone yelled a racial 
slur (it is unclear from which side). 
Nolen, a black inm;ite, started toward 
the while side and a fist fight l/roke out 
invedving about sc\'en inmates. A whistle 
Mew and then fom sliots were fired, 
about seven seeonils apart. The shots hit 
Noleii first, then ClevelandHdwards and 
Aivm Miller (both black), and then a 
while inmate, llairis, wluj w;is shot in 
tile gjoin as he ran away frcim the 
scuffle J'lten the shooting stopped.

Miller was dead, but at le;ist one of 
the other two Hacks was still moving. A 
black inmate attempted to l:ike one ol 
the wounded to tl:e hospital, but every 
lime lie leaned down to pick him up tlie 
j.'uaid sliook liis rifle. The hospital was 
lieiit next to the yard, but about l.S min-
’ ll.is version of llu- sjory is b.iscii on the tosti- 
nioiiy ol bl.uk wunesscs. Ilowcwer, a faiily 
t'M nm i iea t e 11 seitos v't evviil; .ue in\ol\ci!, .inri 
■ ’ ' _____ ro.1.... •'.- .lirMi in ihe aecounls. -



o j 'CimisMl'l!  WHS r iu ' i l  In
' '.'Miii. il , I4 y lii.u linK’

• I': !! !'!oil k> (Km IIi.
■ (i'iO mg, ihc while yiui'i!'-
.I.-N vcguleite : kiui ikd tlie
,Hil lilt- opening oi iiu- At

i:it>^ p:!-^ 
e;m>- iln. 
inilh  i,H : 

lielon 
:im! inr.’, 
bhkik. ;.!

t'l i!ie shooting , sevoia! white 
gtalkls w!n.) Iir,d no real business tlieie 
g illieren m i  liie eatw.iik. hut lliennore . 

. shoi iiy r-. loie lhe ‘OiH;.ning o f  1 he yard, 
I 'hhei \ t n k  his n io ih i i  a la.ivwell ietier 
;nid Noh-:l lold. he- laliie: llial in e \ -  
fvel cd  tie die- siton. in tJtlici vvonis. the 

sin! no! gome as a eo tnplele stir-.slicioting
prise.

rom

h’H-

, . later tlie District Allorney 
announced o\er the prison radio ilial a 
Ciraiui J ii ry  (no Nas'k innuiles were al- 
lowes! to teslil.N'''at the hearing) Itasl 
tonnd the guard's aclieij.i to be "juslifi- 
ahle iunnicide.'! 'One-liair hoiir-|iier a 
while ,gu,.rd, not life (me wiio lia'cl done 
the slioonng. was found deati in^'-wing. 
ttforge .hieks.on's wing. InvjiediaielV 
eveiA oiii- 111 Ilie wing was i)ui rn .sulihify, 
and ;m iinesligatitm ensued. ,\t tlie eiid 
ol a week (leoige Jaekson. Fleeta 
Driimgo. and John Ckichettc were 
singled out and kept in isolatitm for 
aboui a month, and at the e n d ’S f  that 
time they were fonnally aeeused. ...

'I hey lire.- in my view, unlikely sus­
pects, .iohn C hiehette had a parole, date 

■ tor Ajirij, I' leeta Dniiugo. aes'ording to 
those wb.o know him. is a delicate, gentle 
P'.''-sQn: psychologically inctijuihie o f  the 
briuai act. .\ud Jackson, the most mili­
tant ot tile tliree, seems for (hai very 
reason the least l ik eK . i think it is clear 
trom his letters that his ambitions arc 
irtiich too serious for him to have shot 
his bolt on this limited and taiily usciess 
act ol . revenge he is interested in 
change, not vengeance - that . he. ' still 
iiojicti to get out o( prison in (he near 
iniine. th.il ho knew tiig gaards were not 
the real '.ilkuns. hi:t siei. men almost as 
much Iht viclinis o! eiivmiki.anees as the 
inmates. 1 iu.dls, Ic^.uise llu-y have l.eeh 
ideal ' ’ l ife" s'nieiiees niulei ( .iliinnna 
law, hot!; Clui. he'.le .mil Jaeksou i.i. e 
mandal!-i\ dealii serlenees ;l t!u'\- are 
eoiivieled.s v.ie e - •

Dtimii', the period hcioie ■llr.- fonu.'d 
eh.iigi' was iiuide. (he liiive v.\)e uoi al­
lowed k) eoniimmii .lie I'.il'i iheii l.;un- 
ilies and appeared in cs-.iiri iv.iee v.iihmu 
eouiis',-! and withoio. if,eh families' 
knowledge. Finall;,' Juiin t"hiehelle imin- 
;iged lo gel a note .smuggied oui i(, i,j,s 
mother, who managsil lo ;.'ei in touch 
with !-ay Steikler. a kiwyer. and.she v.as 
piesejit , with , John 'iiuuiu’. Kithaitl 
.Silt, is, and F'Inyd hiUiuv'n a' 'h,e t,e,\j 
heaiiiyg. Ihey iem.iin sieieusc cenmsei to;

. the Soliklad Iirolhe'fs. k
It iias nor, howerei, been smooth 

goin.g since theti. Beiore counsel had 
been olitained, ;i list of wifne.s.ses v.Iiich 
John C'iuchctte had prepared to tiire to 
his mother was eonfisealed fruiii him on 
the grounds that he could give wiiUen 
mateiial only to an attorney-he didn't 
have one al the lime. 1'he list was later 

.returned but the inmates tm it h;ul been 
. translerred. and the juison for a long 

time refused lo divttlee w!'ere diey had 
' been (laiisferred to. Vflien liie defense 

linally, by' colirl 'order, was giieii the 
locations i.)f the witnesses and went lo 

. interview (hem, they found tliem uny  
reluctant lo talk- it socmcil obvitnis tl'.at 

, they had been put under pressure. The 
defense was also not allowed to inspect 
the scene of the trinie until an additional 

-staircase had been buiil. niak'ing it very 
dilfieiiit to evaluate llie lestiinonx of eye 

ywitnesses. Ami finally, the defeiise was 
deruci! aecsss to jui.-.C’U records, juirtieu- 
larly those relating to the shooting of 
JaniuuN' l.rth. although tlk-iuoseeuiion 
had fiill access. Nor were they allowed to 
see Jhe transcript of the! prcliininaiy ' 
liearin.g at which the accused had been 
indieied. The prosecution reasoned that 
such.inforniation in the hands of the dev 

Tense might lead to retaliation against 
...the inmates who had testified, and (he 
judge sustained the olijeetioni The tran- 
.seript has since been procured aud it 
turns Dill dial llie leslimonv nl' iF,,.' wit 
nesses is M■iiou■̂ ly eonfhetiug. paiiicu- 
larly with kgaid lu wiio peilormed wlial 
funetion In the killing of liie white 
guard.

J,WiMi,,sDtil 1!s-;-VieIories ' have hvivi ~



ihV ilh U'lV
■•ill,

.•■i.i.'.r 1h\  ;iiiso ul ^
.iiuf villf.'iiu i tlU'V

ol (■■I S:in
t-1 V. .IN vam i-lk’d oiip

t>ii Aupusi 7 ;lon;illiaiv 
kidm-j-i a . San;

■naimcii i!:at -i 
iniiiM,’ll- Iron) 11’, 

prciiiiiui-.
:i !m .'i.1 l<>r .• ,■!
i iaivisno. i 1:0 

■ however.,wiicn  
Jaeksti.n .atieinpix'd •. to 

' Ralae] iUilee.v -w .•
llie iirn sccn u o i! Ilien m.wei! lor a' 

<.i!.:np,e ol \op.ite.io San Dioee oi'i liie 
^noi.lnds aiie ir.oden! eavc lhc de- 

s> .0  h. d puhl (‘u. a 1,111
, tnal wisidd .hc: inipossihie.- i be del'enve 
•i.sK.1.1 i!,;-.U r,l iui ..i eoiil iiuu ii'-C. eon- 
icnding tiiat San Ralael courilKnisc' 
aiian hat!: received national Ircnit-pagc 
cpvej.iae aiuKlJiat vllecls won 1(1 he- pist' 
as strong-in San Diego as in San Fran­
cisco, but they lost. It IS one of tiu' tew 
limes the pioseeiition h,is ever moved lor ' 
a change or. venue, hut it’s clear, why ' 
the\ did sympaiin ior the Soledad 
broliieis IS concentrated in San Fi,m-> 
tiseo. San Diego, on the otbei hand, was 
desuibvd^ b\ k . \m  riiilliiss. nv / / /e : :  
h i i ie ig i i i g  R  lu ih lica it .M u jo riiv  as- 

. Mis.ŝ ŝ ipp̂ . ■

.As iluHigh lo ine.serve his idenlity 
against the tlireai of iminediaie annilii- 
laiion, .iackson urites from lire.inidsl.of 

.. this Iresh onsiatighi more poVvei rulU’, - 
and more luimanlv. liian e\ei ,ftis th'ouJii . 
to protect he. sense of sell in.a i.re.ici!- 
eious and amlijguous situation he has 
had 1,0 redefine himscll 'to tnaidi the

' e)iv i7CI , , , o ■ ' Finalluih
J a c s s o i i  e n l r i o i i  .t!iv  ,S .n i  K a l j . - r  
'v l u - i c  J a m a s  M : : r i . : ; n :  a  la .m i;  r . j

o  IvC lsO  .
, - I . ■ - 1 *■. 'Wa s
l i v a ig  . l i i e i i  l o r  a - '. '- . 'ia t . 'n g  a gii.-iici iis- 
c o l t a p s i b i c  e . i i h im -  o u t  I r d m 'i i h . J a m t . i . s  j a c l v l  
a n d  s a id ,  ‘• t h i s  is  i ; .  t - v e i s  l . o . l y  l i , u ’ u p  " . | j „  
t h o i f  l o o k  s o m e  s i i i a i :  e n i i s  - I r o n ' ,  ; f  -
a n d  t i n o u -  l i i . -m  t o  a r ,( i  i w o  t i - . ie i ,  f o - f
\iel witn-ww-. itm ke!! : .\1 me- aiu) '"nin
O u i - . i m : i s ,  i l w . m o o k ^  i iw  |> . \ .  i i . w v  w .- .m e ii

.s , iw , \ ! - i '! !  .-.'1 -.O’;-.a h ,. p o ,  l u d o e  s o  . j ( t . o  j p .
p o i i o a d  a l  I"-, ’'. - i  > , . t . m a i l r m  s , . i , ! .  “ I u - , .  .
.So l. d .ii!  I i o n , . - I S  l>. i  . l u . ”  a n d  i h e v  t e n  
.ki-.-.-nv. ,i l i . i i o i l  l a d  s i .p j - . - . i  o m  l o  a p i i o i n .
.V . I ' .-1 in , - , !  n ,  l i r i . , -  , : i  s „ : ,  j
i ’,il y '‘ l u d v .  v. a s  .0,11, p  | ,y  .

“Idtiiiicni repottiid’ 
of tinicpjc inlcHipciice. 

and instpht. Ih'ir ami away 
the best book on Nixcn ”
, -  D avid  H a u ic r s t  AM

'n t h  CR1.S1S OF TJlif 
SLiLl-'-iMADE MAN

irFv W ills
“Dcvast.'iting; but rinnpariisiih and 

jij without malice. Literate and pro-
vocalive. - Library Journal
"A  study of our enigmtilic Presi­
dent by a responsible and cuiti- 
vated journalist. . .. . Thcchaiilers 
on the F.isenhowcr-Kixoii rela­
tionship arc particularly riveting."

— New York Magazine

, At your bookstore • SlO...... '
H0UGH1ON MtFl-UN CO.MI'ANY

, l*iihUshcrs ’ ,

V



i i ' o i n  ! - c i>H!7i rv  
ii  < f i i .v nn  i h i u l  C'i till* 

A l l ;  k i.i  I ) ; . ' .  i s .  l l l l l i  

, K ' n l i ) : ' , \ i  : ' i r i i o
Ihc cii'.'iri' (if tin; fu!-

.n tk” ;.; H ie 'knc?)
^U' A 'lfiis! ‘K i ‘>
*hok'Iv) in  I SI 
, Sv'\ k 1 .ll nliu-l I
wiiSoui ■> JnuS 
kx'iiv.'ii I'nn cst.iHlish Livlnon's siipi.'ii-
crily a.k v.i aci-spokcsina,.. Tiicro isaS'cr- 
tain limoiiin S)f Cl'-’a'i-'i-Iiki.' flK-loric in 
these .v.liikh. d oes ' not ajiifrar in tlte 
earlie: Jeliers, Inil, while he is Hither 
hcKiv Me.n ■<Cleaver at riictorie . which -!■>■ 
iiini ii; .ii-y event a is the pei-
soital [MsMeee:,. ihose where iie speaks/ur 
tiiniseir. 'vliicii are most eonipeiliii" and-

■alHni! a>i' iiour- hit tiH’ rolice A'fadchiV' 
p'.aetu'e laei'e Ui.eii," ■

iik-cause he is so intelliuent, so )>erson- 
ail>' s\ inpelhetie. and sue)? a uood writer, 
it is leinpiinp to see Jai,:ksi.n as ai. extra­
ordinary person who tiiroush Hukes of 
fate lias sullered inereilibie injustice but 
■who. onee fiee, will be just that -a won-, 
derfti! talented person. It is tempting !o- 
try 1C; iitake. hini,.aceei'’l:ihic. But tlioagh 
there is a niiiiiiniHit of Ijre and hiinistone 
in his kllers, one caimot rnistala- ids 
message; he is in noway, to sirciely as it 
now '.lands, aceeptubie. because he in nc> 

which express a wltple new dimension i>t:;..,w'ay accepts it. He'does hot sec his fate
the ..bkick dilemtija which has not until as a fluke but as the inevitable conse- 
now been articuiaicd. Jackson Dick.s irp gnenre of a society committed to the 
where C leaver leU:..Qi,L-., _ violent oppression of an entire class

against which non-violent resistance is 
uscle.ss. To Angela Davis he writes: “ I'he 
shit is starling to thicken. Six in Georgia, 
two in Jackson, liaid Hats, counter- 
demonstrations, much like Germany in 
the lliirties. That thing in Georgia and 
tlie one in Jackson were like turkey 
shools. AVe die altogetiier loo easy,” And 
of the raid on the Chicago Panther licacl- 
c|uariers during , which Hampton and; 
Clark were killed:; “ Do you have any 

sy.Niein- to the idea what would have happened to those 
Where; 15 pigs if tiiey had run into as many A'iet 

bael._ on yoursei! Cong as there were Panthers in that

good nmt, enliglviening more in its .shock 
value -the cuiturul lurnahouf and icono'- 
dasm- than in its depth of  analysis or 

. revelaliuh. Cleaver's imergetic negativism 
about the society and Ins ponnding uii- 
(juaiified assertion of the biack pcispec- 
tive make for a basically I'olitical book, a 
credo which is by nature limited ami ex­
clusive. Jackson is ineiusive. Jie.goes wav 
beyond the. circumskmees-fei black man 
persecuted by a while

_Ck\i\er throws you 
ivs-aaise \ on are_ imi lilaeT, j ip t  ppp building?” 
sed and that It.is j ls  value Jaekson 
r̂ ra\\a ;you im jhriiugh > ou.p.sluued hu­

m an ity '  and that. 1 tliink. has'_a lar 
iueiitdr \;iP.im^riemTi~givc;' you no time 

... fd - Jy e: ill; e^yX’ r i sT s y ou “ 1 o . (he..::.\vuiL
__J.ae!:spn Ineajhesytni in.

Ills range__[s_ cMraoidinary: hard-: 
w r o n g i u  sentences of anger, long utifold- 

ing sentences, s h o r t . tlonsty ones;_ the 
anxiety, the . bewildeiinent,; (he knot ty 

-stnnegie with self, iiiui iiie peid, rcfieelivi"
, npinienis veliere , eytTyA..hi;i" rd.se, ts siis- 

peiKied, \viu*n; lhe_ iongy'earptjf siiffering 
flood back upon hini, ywaiPPJt'S his for­
ward 111! if ion. “ Last week , when i men­
tioned that 1 teit older than 1 am, ! 
Wasn't i.'t.'n ing to m\ kMe-es-or eiliows. 
bad.O; iiamN, nor did 1 mean that 1 felt 
in any v, :;y v, i-.e. 1 led old, Joan, in the 
sense that .1 itaj'm target is old ariei

The situation has become not unlike 
the pernicious cycle wliiciiousts in the 
prisons, violence in response to violence, 
a progression witliout end. 1 lie paitieii- 
lar chain reaction Jackson has become 
invoked in is typical; first the shootm.e 
of , the three inmates in the prison yard 
and the .court’s sanction triggering the 
murder gf the white guard; the accusa­
tion of J:ickson and theCnjust treatment 
of him :is an accused man, spurring. 
Jonalhan's iilfempt, to kidnap jlie judge; 
the. resuiling death of Joiiatlian and ids 
two colleagues, and of the jiid.ee as well; 
and in response to that the arrest of 
Angela Davis.The progression has hardly 
come to an end. I he next stage is. ot 
coinse. the trial (if George Jackson, Joim 
( Incliette. and i leeia Dnmigo. 1 he pros- 
irects look Very grim. B



THE SOLEDAD BROTHERS 
DESPEBATELY HEED CASHI

W ith the trial finally about to start, the Soledad Brothers L egal D efense  
team  is on the verge of total bankruptcy. The outcom e of the trial hangs 
in the balance. The Soledad Brothers have b een  under indictm ent since 
February 1970 (m ore than 18 m onth s). The m assive pre-trial assaults by  
the prosecution (ch anges of venue, gag rules, harassment, endless pre­
trial hearings) have almost com pletely exhausted every penny raised by  
the defense.

The trial is now scheduled to start on August 9,1971.
D efense attorneys expect it to last 5 months. Conservative estimates put 
the cost of the defense (expert w itnesses, special investigators, travel ex­
penses for witness interviews from all over the state, the bare necessities 
for supporting three attorneys and their staff during the trial, e tc .) at 
$125,000. The state w ill b e  spending m any tim es this amount in its ruthless 
attem pt to railroad the Soledad Brothers to the gas chamber; Your m oney  
is lu-gently needed to prevent a legal lynching. Please send your contribu­
tion im m ediately to;

THE SOLEDAD BROTHERS LEGAL DEFENSE FUND
510 North Third Street 
San Jose, California 95112
I enclose______ for the cause of justice in the Soledad Case.

-Please send Soledad Button (75c minimum contribution)
_I would like to work for the Soledad Brothers in my commu­
nity. Please send information.



V/

j  iv'•;’ 'n.-iM.- ; a.im'.o
-•-‘in Uuiiiit'J'u.

! mirciiiis- 
’ o' Iho of corroc'a.naS

piibiing
ps

■  ̂ : U! -m- oitly isali luc jJ'.'i'v Uuootes
m:';' o'vr'ild. too - ;t aieni

, ;'!> is 10 i..i!!ed !osf ■, iii the•roi-.'i,.; i»1 y ‘;u- [Ui-i. dm toll
is .all adoi-' up for

' -il'. b’ tins vt'or-
- '• -i . ■WlK't. ! d - y  r-. i 1 .>.u’OC

MdUDll il. ‘i iialmice
Sola-

it,-;. c;i '.‘yii- day. aa oy;;; ’.ay rci'orni-
a.Uo'.'Kev

,;Sl

IT:;; pi'osp.-cis for tlui fii- 
U’>:i iippear ;'i'i,r;..

T -.v.; !o face 
s;:id Asso-

• i:;:- Wci'acn T :c '.s  Psjrk.
hvo or

> ‘

Park ac;. a nii-> is Tie i.T 
io the De;>oT t , , 

PoiTections’ utvn oijlic./ .)i
oils therapy'- ... pallioo; ao

.m'lUte from one instilalion 
on a b u s , to do his I'iiic at 
another iiislitivtion. S o rn e 
li uyli troublesome inmates 
make a virluaity regular cir­
cuit among l:!ie state’s live 
tnughc.'i ' ‘joi.its'' ou •Tjns 
titerapy.”

Ofticcr fmo Dans died in a . 
hospital h a ll 'v ; a y  at San 
lAiionihi fuly 'ii rfroi- I'cing 
dal-bed by  inumtes who 

thought to bn bout on 
siUi')!.: a fonuC-r Soledad in- 
'naio u'Jio had lia'iv-d i'nrt.rm- 
cr.

,\ot long ;;.'i or Pint another 
iaa'ole us;- -:iabboct to death 
in Sa'i'. oiiv i;f five

-a'. rii-'saniP-n r,n of-

-'O'. !,’ •.{ V- mrro years of very Hftv,»ve Tile iiio.T i.aaaa 'ale.-a
i'ior .'..v-j • 'iis- ‘.■r.naoil air-on' of as in our SU S'"') litt v r ; t-'ilurdaj-

nod 'ii'./raii' of -ce- i -,:,- , aa-,1 Ol'i'.ons.'' jiaaiil. '.-.-h; u '-ill i 0  111 a t (>
'• :o’=' t!'-!; •; '-o.̂ v M t'l  ̂ niOi'oo-fit i.he focus alabi'.icd a :;!:a;rd in ii'ie

of . 'oleuce is Stv-i Quentin, siomach. ■•y;pb?)'uiltly vath-
ih.-v. -'m 
.aPer -aoi-'-:;:

. 1.‘ di'orgj,- • d';}' 
; (p.t.yii i'jm.- oiai

ja,:t as 'a d vatar-eml earilev 
'his year it was on So!e-;!:;d.

ou! pi-ov'oc, 
!o uflii-ials.

lion/’ according



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