Dorsey v. Stuyvesant Town Corporation Appendix to Brief of Respondents in Opposition to Petition for Writ of Certiorari
Public Court Documents
January 1, 1949
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Brief Collection, LDF Court Filings. Dorsey v. Stuyvesant Town Corporation Appendix to Brief of Respondents in Opposition to Petition for Writ of Certiorari, 1949. dffaf812-b09a-ee11-be36-6045bdeb8873. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/99fcba1f-fdd1-45ed-b515-7ff6da307dcc/dorsey-v-stuyvesant-town-corporation-appendix-to-brief-of-respondents-in-opposition-to-petition-for-writ-of-certiorari. Accessed December 01, 2025.
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O ctober T erm , 1949
No. 402
JO S E P H D O R SEY , M O NRO E DO W LING and
C A LV IN H A R PE R ,
Petitioners,
v.
ST U Y V E SA N T TOW N CO RPO RATIO N and
M ETR O PO LITA N L IF E IN SU R A N C E
COM PANY,
Respondents.
APPEN D IX
TO BRIEF OF RESPONDENTS IN OPPOSITION TO
PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI
THE HOUSING ARTICLE OF THE NEW YORK STATE
CONSTITUTION (Article XVIII).
Section 1. [Housing for persons of low income; slum clear
ance.]
Subject to the provisions of this article, the legislature
may provide in such manner, by such means and upon such
terms and conditions as it may prescribe for low rent
housing for persons of low income as defined by law, or
for the clearance, replanning, reconstruction and rehabili
tation of substandard and insanitary areas, or for both
such purposes, and for recreational and other facilities in
cidental or appurtenant thereto.
§ 2. [Idem; powers of legislature in aid of.]
For and in aid of such purposes, notwithstanding any
provision in any other article of this constitution, but
subject to the limitations contained in this article, the legis
lature may: make or contract to make or authorize to be
made or contracted capital or periodic subsidies by the state
to any city, town, village, or public corporation, payable
only with moneys appropriated therefor from the general
fund of the state; authorize any city, town or village to
make or contract to make such subsidies to any public cor
poration, payable only with moneys locally appropriated
therefor from the general or other fund available for cur
rent expenses of such municipality; authorize the contract
ing of indebtedness for the purpose of providing moneys
out of which it may make or contract to make or author
ize to be made or contracted loans by the state to any city,
town, village or public corporation; authorize any city,
town or village to make or contract to make loans to any
public corporation; authorize any city, town or village
to guarantee the principal of and interest on, or only the
interest on, indebtedness contracted by a public corporation;
authorize and provide for loans by the state and authorize
loans by any city, town or village to or in aid of corpora
2
tions regulated by law as to rents, profits, dividends and
disposition of their property or franchises and engaged in
providing housing facilities; authorize any city, town or
village to make loans to the owners of existing multiple
dwellings for the rehabilitation and improvement thereof
for occupancy by persons of low income as defined by law ;
grant or authorize tax exemptions in whole or in part,
except that no such exemption may be granted or author
ized for a period of more than sixty years; authorize coop
eration with and the acceptance of aid from the United
States; grant the power of eminent domain to any city,
town or village, to any public corporation and to any cor
poration regulated by law as to rents, profits, dividends
and disposition of its property or franchises and engaged
in providing housing facilities.
As used in this article, the term “public corporation”
shall mean any corporate governmental agency (except
a county or municipal corporation) organized pursuant to
law to accomplish any or all of the purposes specified in
this article.
§ 3. [Article V II to apply to state debts under this article,
with certain exceptions; capital and periodic sub
sidies.]
The provisions of article VII, not inconsistent with
this article, relating to debts of the state shall apply to all
debts contracted by the state for the purpose of providing
moneys out of which to make loans pursuant to this arti
cle, except (a ) that any law or laws authorizing the con
tracting of such debt, not exceeding in the aggregate three
hundred million dollars, shall take effect without submis
sion to the people, and the contracting of a greater amount
of debt may not be authorized prior to January first, nine
teen hundred forty-two; (b) that any such debt and each
portion thereof shall be paid in equal annual installments,
the first of which shall be payable not more than three
years, and the last of which shall be payable not more than
3
fifty years, after such debt or portion thereof shall have
been contracted; and (c) that any law authorizing the
contracting of such debt may be submitted to the people
at a general election, whether or not any other law or bill
shall be submitted to be voted for or against at such election.
Any law authorizing the making of contracts for capi
tal or periodic subsidies to be paid with moneys currently
appropriated from the general fund of the state shall
take effect without submission to the people, and the amount
to be paid under such contracts shall not be included in
ascertaining the amount of indebtedness which may be
contracted by the state under this article; provided, how
ever, (a ) that such periodic subsidies shall not be paid
for a period longer than the life of the projects assisted
thereby, but in any event for not more than sixty years;
(b) that no contracts for periodic subsidies shall be en
tered into in any one year requiring payments aggregating
more than one million dollars in any one year; and (c) that
there shall not be outstanding at any one time contracts
for periodic subsidies requiring payments exceeding an
aggregate of five million dollars in any one year, unless a
law authorizing contracts in excess of such amounts shall
have been submitted to and approved by the people at a
general election.
§ 4. tPowers of cities, towns and villages to contract indebt
edness in aid of low rent housing and slum clearance
projects; restrictions thereon.]
To effectuate any of the purposes of this article, the
legislature may authorize any city, town or village to
contract indebtedness to an amount which shall not ex
ceed two per centum of the average assessed valuation of
the real estate of such city, town or village subject to taxa
tion, as determined by the last completed assessment roll
and the four preceding assessment rolls of such city, town
or village, for city, town or village taxes prior to the con
tracting of such indebtedness. In ascertaining the power
of a city to contract indebtedness pursuant to this article
there may be excluded any such indebtedness if the project
or projects aided by guarantees representing such indebt
edness or by loans for which such indebtedness was con
tracted shall have yielded during the preceding year net
revenue to be determined annually by deducting from the
gross revenues, including periodic subsidies therefor, re
ceived from such project or projects, all costs of operation,
maintenance, repairs and replacements, and the interest on
such indebtedness and the amounts required in such year
for the payment of such indebtedness; provided that in
the case of guarantees such interest and such amounts shall
have been paid, and in the case of loans an amount equal
to such interest and such amounts shall have been paid
to such city. The legislature shall prescribe the method
by which the amount of any such indebtedness to be ex
cluded shall be determined, and no such indebtedness shall
be excluded except in accordance with such determination.
The legislature may confer appropriate jurisdiction on the
appellate division of the supreme court in the judicial de
partments in which such cities are located for the purpose
of determining the amount of any such indebtedness to
be so excluded.
The liability of a city, town or village on account of any
contract for capital or periodic subsidies to be paid subse
quent to the then current year shall, for the purpose of
ascertaining the power of such city, town or village to con
tract indebtedness, be deemed indebtedness in the amount
of the commuted value of the total of such capital or
periodic subsidies remaining unpaid, calculated on the basis
of an annual interest rate of four per centum. Such
periodic subsidies shall not be contracted for a period longer
than the life of the projects assisted thereby, and in no
event for more than sixty years. Indebtedness contracted
pursuant to this article shall be excluded in ascertaining
the power of a city otherwise to create indebtedness under
any other section of this constitution. Notwithstanding
5
the foregoing the legislature shall not authorize any city
to contract indebtedness hereunder in excess of the limita
tions prescribed by any other article of this constitution
unless at the same time it shall by law require such city
to levy annually a tax or taxes other than an ad valorem
tax on real estate to an extent sufficient to provide for the
payment of the principal of and interest on any such in
debtedness. Nothing herein contained, however, shall be
construed to prevent such city from pledging its faith and
credit for the payment of such principal and interest nor
shall any such law prevent recourse to an ad valorem tax
on real estate to the extent that revenue derived from such
other tax or taxes in any year, together with revenues from
the project or projects aided by the proceeds of such indebt
edness, shall become insufficient to provide fully for pay
ment of such principal and interest in that year.
§ 5. [Liability for certain loans made by the state to certain
public corporations.]
Any city, town or village shall be liable for the repay-,
ment of any loans and interest thereon made by the state
to any public corporation, acting as an instrumentality of
such city, town or village. Such liability of a city shall be
excluded in ascertaining the power of such city to become
indebted pursuant to the provisions of this article, except
that in the event of a default in payment under the terms
of any such loan, the unpaid balance thereof shall be in
cluded in ascertaining the power of such city to become so
indebted. No subsidy, in addition to any capital or periodic
subsidy originally contracted for in aid of any project or
projects authorized under this article, shall be paid by the
state to a city, town, village or public corporation, acting
as an instrumentality thereof, for the purpose of enabling
such city, town, village or corporation to remedy an actual
default or avoid an impending default in the payment of
principal or interest on a loan which has been theretofore
made by the state to such city, town, village or corpora
tion pursuant to this article.
6
§ 6. [Loans and subsidies; restrictions on and preference in
occupancy of projects.]
No loan or subsidy shall be made by the state to aid
any project unless such project is in conformity with a
plan or undertaking for the clearance, replanning and re
construction or rehabilitation of a substandard and insani
tary area or areas and for recreational and other facilities
incidental or appurtenant thereto. The legislature may pro
vide additional conditions to the making of such loans or
subsidies consistent with the purposes of this article. The
occupancy of any such project shall be restricted to persons
of low income as defined by law and preference shall be
given to persons who live or shall have lived in such area
or areas.
§ 7. [Liability arising from guarantees to be deemed indebt
edness; method of computing.]
The liability arising from any guarantee of the prin
cipal of and interest on indebtedness contracted by a public
corporation shall be deemed indebtedness in the amount
of the face value of the principal thereof remaining unpaid.
The liability arising from any guarantee of only the inter
est on indebtedness contracted by a public corporation shall
be deemed indebtedness in the amount of the commuted
value of the total interest guaranteed and remaining unpaid,
calculated on the basis of an annual interest rate of four
per centum.
§ 8. [Excess condemnation.]
Any agency of the state, or any city, town, village or
public corporation, which is empowered by law to take pri
vate property by eminent domain for any of the public
purposes specified in section one of this article, may be
empowered by the legislature to take property necessary
for any such purpose but in excess of that required for
public use after such purpose shall have been accomplished;
and to improve and utilize such excess, wholly or partly
for any other public purpose, or to lease or sell such excess
with restrictions to preserve and protect such improvement
or improvements.
§ 9. [Acquisition of property for purposes of article.]
Subject to any limitation imposed by the legislature,
the state, or any city, town, village or public corporation,
may acquire by purchase, gift, eminent domain or other
wise, such property as it may deem ultimately necessary
or proper to effectuate the purposes of this article, or any
of them, although temporarily not required for such pur
poses.
§ 10. [Power of legislature; construction of article.]
The legislature is empowered to make all laws which
it shall deem necessary and proper for carrying into execu
tion the foregoing powers. This article shall be construed
as extending powers which otherwise might be limited by
other articles of this constitution and shall not be construed
as imposing additional limitations; but nothing in this
article contained shall be deemed to authorize or empower
the state, or any city, town, village or public corporation,
to engage in any private business or enterprise other than
the building and operation of low rent dwelling houses for
persons of low income as defined by law, or the loaning of
money to owners of existing multiple dwellings as herein
provided.
8
THE REDEVELOPMENT COMPANIES LAW
(New York Laws 1943, Ch. 234, as amended)
§ 1. Short title
This act shall be known and may be cited and referred
to as the “Redevelopment Companies Law.”
§ 2. Policy of state and purpose of act
It is hereby declared that in certain areas of munici
palities located within this state there exist substandard
conditions and insanitary housing conditions owing to ob
solescence, deterioration and dilapidation of buildings, or
excessive land coverage, lack of planning, of public facili
ties, of sufficient light, air and space, and improper design
and arrangement of living quarters; that there is not in
such areas a sufficient supply of adequate, safe and sanitary
dwelling accommodations properly planned and related to
public facilities; that modern standards of urban life re
quire that housing be related to adequate and convenient
public facilities; that the aforesaid substandard and in
sanitary conditions depress and destroy the economic value
of large areas and by impairing the value of private invest
ments threaten the sources of public revenues; that the
public interest requires the clearance, replanning, recon
struction and neighborhood rehabilitation of such substand
ard and insanitary areas, together with adequate provision
for recreational and other facilities incidental and appur
tenant thereto according to the requirements of modern
urban life and that such clearance, replanning, reconstruc
tion and neighborhood rehabilitation are essential to the
protection of the financial stability of such municipalities;
that in order to protect the sources of public revenue it is
necessary to modernize the physical plan and conditions of
urban life ; that these conditions cannot be remedied by the
ordinary operations of private enterprise; that provision
must be made to encourage the investment of funds in cor
9
porations engaged in providing redevelopment facilities to
be constructed according to the requirements of city plan
ning and in effectuation of official city plans and regulated
by law as to profits, dividends and disposition of their
property or franchises; that provision must be made to
enable insurance companies to provide such facilities, sub
ject to regulation by law as to the return from such facili
ties and the disposition of property acquired for such
purpose; and that provision must also be made for the
acquisition for such corporations and companies at fair
prices of real property required for such purposes in sub
standard areas and for public assistance of such corpora
tions and companies by the granting of partial tax exemp
tion; that the cooperation of the state and its subdivisions
is necessary to accomplish such purposes; that the clearance,
replanning and reconstruction, rehabilitation and modern
ization of substandard and insanitary areas and the provi
sion of adequate, safe, sanitary and properly planned hous
ing accommodations in effectuation of official city plans by
such corporations and companies in these areas are public
uses and purposes for which private property may be ac
quired for such corporations and companies and partial tax
exemption granted; that these conditions require the crea
tion of the agencies, instrumentalities and corporations
hereinafter prescribed for the purpose of attaining the ends
herein recited; and the necessity in the public interest for
the provisions hereinafter enacted is hereby declared as a
matter of legislative determination.
§ 3. Definitions
As used in this act the following terms shall mean and
include:
1. “Area.” A section of a municipality wherein the
planning commission finds that substandard conditions or
insanitary housing conditions exist. An area may include
land whether improved or unimproved, and buildings or
10
improvements not in themselves insanitary or substandard,
the inclusion of which is deemed necessary by such commis
sion for the effective clearance, replanning, reconstruction
or rehabilitation of the area of which such land or property
is a part.
2. “ Condemnation.” The acquisition of real property
in the manner provided by any general, special or local law
or city charter for the acquisition of real property by the
municipality in which such property is to be taken.
3. “ Insurance company.” Any insurance company
authorized to transact business in this state.
4. “ Municipality.” A city, town or village.
5. “ Plan.” A plan or undertaking for the clearance,
replanning and reconstruction or rehabilitation of a sub
standard or insanitary area or areas and for recreational
and other facilities incidental or appurtenant thereto to
effectuate the purposes of article eighteen of the constitu
tion or any other provision of the constitution delegating
any similar power.
6. “ Planning commission.” The planning commission
means any agency of a municipality authorized to prepare,
adopt or amend the map of the municipality or empowered
to prepare and adopt and from time to time modify a com
prehensive or master plan of the municipality, if there be
one, or if there be none, the local legislative body of the
municipality.
7. “Local legislative body.” (a ) In a city, the board
of aldermen, common council, council, commission or other
board or body now or hereafter vested by its charter or
other law with jurisdiction to enact ordinances or local
laws, except that if there be a board of estimate, the term
shall mean only such board of estimate; (b) in a town, the
town board; (c) in a village, the board of trustees.
11
8. “ Project.” A specific work or improvement to ef
fectuate all or any part of a plan including lands, buildings
and improvements acquired, owned, constructed, managed
or operated in an area by a redevelopment company
or an insurance company providing dwelling accommoda
tions pursuant to this act and such business, commercial,
cultural or recreational facilities appurtenant thereto as
may be approved pursuant to section fifteen of this act.
9. “ Real property.” Lands and improvements, lands
under water, waterfront property, the water of any lake,
pond or stream, and any and all easements, franchises and
hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, and every estate,
interest and right therein, legal and equitable, in lands or
water, and the right, interest, privilege, easement and fran
chise relating to the same, including terms for years and
liens by way of judgment, mortgage, or otherwise.
10. “ Supervising agency.” The municipal comptroller
in a municipality having a comptroller; in a municipality
having no comptroller, the chief financial officer of such
municipality. However, as to any insurance company pro
viding dwelling accommodations pursuant to this act, or
if any of the stock and income debenture certificates having
voting power of a redevelopment company are or are to
be issued to one or more insurance companies, the term shall
mean only the superintendent of insurance.
§ 4. Redevelopment companies; how created
A redevelopment company may be created by three or
more persons signing, acknowledging and filing a certificate
which shall contain:
1. The name of the proposed redevelopment company.
2. The purposes for which it is to be formed which
shall be as follows: To acquire one or more areas under
a plan or plans, and to construct, own, maintain, operate,
12
sell and convey projects pursuant to the terms and provi
sions of this act.
3. The amount of the capital stock, and if any be pre
ferred stock, the preference thereof.
4. The number of shares of which the capital shall
consist, all of which shall have a par value.
5. The city, village or town in which its principal busi
ness office is to be located; if located in the city of New
York, the borough thereof in which it is to be located.
6. Its duration, which shall not be less than twenty
years.
7. The number of directors, which shall not be less
than three and who need not be stockholders.
8. The names and post-office addresses of the directors
for the first year.
9. The names and post-office addresses of the subscrib
ers to the certificate and a statement of the number of shares
of stock which each agrees to take in the redevelopment
company.
10. The certificate may provide that in the event that
income debenture certificates are issued by the redevelop
ment company the owners thereof may be given the same
right to vote as they would have if possessed of certificates
of stock of the amount and par value of the income deben
ture certificates held by them. If provision is made for the
issuance of income debenture certificates, interest shall be
paid by the redevelopment company on income debenture
certificates only out of net earnings of the redevelopment
company that would be applicable to payment of dividends
if there were no income debentures.
11. A provision that, so long as this act shall remain
applicable to any project of the redevelopment company, the
real property of the redevelopment company shall not be
13
sold, transferred or assigned except as permitted by the
terms and provisions of this act.
12. A declaration that all of the subscribers to the cer
tificate are of full age ; that at least two-thirds of them are
citizens of the United States and that at least one of them
is a resident of the state of New York; that at least one of
the persons named as a director is a citizen of the United
States and a resident of the state of New York.
13. A declaration that the redevelopment company has
been organized to serve a public purpose and that it shall
be and remain subject to the supervision and control of the
supervising agency except as provided in this act, so long
as this act remains applicable to any project of the redevel
opment company; that all real and personal property ac
quired by it and all structures erected by it, shall be deemed
to be acquired or created for the promotion of the purposes
of this act.
14. A declaration that, after providing for all expenses,
taxes and assessments, there shall be paid annually out of
the earnings of the redevelopment company for interest,
amortization, depreciation and dividends, a sum equal to
but not exceeding six per centum of the total actual final
cost of the project as defined by subdivision two of section
thirteen of this act; that the obligation in respect of such
payments shall be cumulative, and any deficiency in inter
est, amortization, depreciation and dividends in any year
shall be paid either from any cash surplus derived from
earnings remaining in the treasury of the redevelopment
company in excess of the amount necessary to provide such
cumulative annual sums or from the first available earnings
in subsequent years; and that any cash surplus derived from
earnings remaining in the treasury of the redevelopment
company in excess of the amount necessary to provide such
cumulative annual sums shall, upon dissolution of the com
pany, be paid into the general fund of the municipality.
14
15. A declaration that, upon the dissolution of the com
pany pursuant to the provisions of subdivision one of section
twenty-four, the property may be conveyed in fee as pro
vided in said subdivision.
16. A declaration that mortgage indebtedness, income
debenture certificates and stock of the redevelopment com
pany may be retired if, as and when there shall be funds
available for amortization purposes in the treasury of the
redevelopment company.
§ 5. Consent of supervising agency and local legislative body
to incorporation of redevelopment companies
If any certificate of incorporation of a redevelopment
company shall be presented to the secretary of state he shall
not file such certificate unless a certificate of the consent
of the supervising agency shall accompany the same. A
certificate of amendment of a certificate of incorporation
shall not be filed by the secretary of state unless a certificate
of the consent of the supervising agency and a certificate of
consent of the local legislative body of the municipality in
which the project is located shall accompany the same.
§ 6. Application of other corporation laws
The provisions of the business corporations law, gen
eral corporation law and stock corporation law as presently
in effect and as hereafter from time to time amended, shall
apply to redevelopment corporations, except where such
provisions are in conflict with the provisions of this act.
In the event that any action with respect to which the
holders of income debentures shall have the right to vote
is proposed to be taken, then notice of any meeting at which
such action is proposed to be taken shall be given to such
holders in the same manner and to the same extent as if
they were stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at
such meeting, and any certificate filed pursuant to law in
15
the department of state with respect to any such action,
whether taken with or without meeting, and any affidavit
required by law to be annexed to such certificate, shall con
tain the same statements or recitals and such certificate
shall be subscribed and acknowledged, and such affidavit
shall be made, in the same manner as if such holders were
stockholders holding shares of an additional class of stock
entitled to vote on such action, or with respect to the pro
ceedings provided for in such certificate.
§ 7. Powers of redevelopment companies
Each redevelopment company shall have and may exer
cise such of the powers conferred by the general corporation
law as shall be necessary in conducting the business of a
redevelopment company and consistent with the provisions
of this act.
§ 8. Limited return on investment
Subject to the provisions of section twenty-four of this
act, there shall be paid annually out of the earnings of the
redevelopment company, after providing for all expenses,
taxes and assessments, a sum for interest, amortization,
depreciation and dividends, equal to but not exceeding six
per centum of the total actual final cost of the project as
defined by subdivision two of section thirteen of this act;
the obligation in respect of such payments shall be cumu
lative, and any deficiency in interest, amortization, depre
ciation and dividends in any year shall be paid either from
any cash surplus derived from earnings remaining in the
treasury of the redevelopment company in excess of the
amount necessary to provide such cumulative annual sums
or from the first available earnings in subsequent years;
and any cash surplus derived from earnings remaining in
the treasury of the redevelopment company in excess of
the amount necessary to provide such cumulative annual
sums shall, upon dissolution of the company, be paid into
the general fund of the municipality except as otherwise
16
contemplated by subdivision five of section twenty-four of
this act.
§ 9. Consideration for issuance of stocks and bonds
No redevelopment company shall issue stock, bonds or
income debenture certificates except for money or property
actually received for the use and lawful purposes of the
redevelopment company. No stock, bonds or income deben
ture certificates shall be issued for property except upon a
valuation approved by the supervising agency and such
valuation shall be used in computing actual or estimated
cost.
§ 10. Minimum amount of stock and debentures
Except as provided in this section the stock and income
debenture certificates issued by the redevelopment company
shall in no event be less than the total of twenty per centum
of the actual cost of any project or projects undertaken
pursuant to this act. The supervising agency may permit
stock or income debenture certificates to be issued for work
ing capital to be used in connection with such project to
an amount not exceeding three per centum of the estimated
cost, or three per centum of the total actual final cost, if
that should exceed the estimated cost of a project.
The provisions of this section shall not be applicable to
any redevelopment company if funds made available by the
federal government or any instrumentality thereof, or any
mortgage or mortgage bonds insured by the federal housing
administrator or any other instrumentality of the federal
government are used in financing the project in whole or
in part.
§11. Income debentures
With the approval of the supervising agency, the cer
tificate of incorporation, or an amended certificate, may
authorize the issuance of income debenture certificates bear
ing no greater interest than six per centum per annum.
17
Such income debenture certificates and any instrument
under which they are issued may contain such other provi
sions, including provision for amortization by serial ma
turities, through the operation of a sinking fund or other
wise, as may be approved by the supervising agency.
§ 12. Mortgages and mortgage bonds
Any redevelopment company, subject to the approval of
the supervising agency, may borrow funds and secure the
repayment thereof by bond and mortgage or by an issue
of bonds under a trust indenture. Each mortgage or issue
of bonds of a redevelopment company shall relate only to a
single specified project and to no other and such bonds shall
be secured by mortgage upon all of the real property of
which such project consists. First lien bonds of such re
development company when secured by a mortgage not
exceeding eighty per centum of the estimated cost prior to
the completion of the project, or eighty per centum of the
appraised value or actual cost, but in no event in excess of
eighty per centum of the actual cost, after such completion,
as certified by the supervising agency, are hereby declared
securities in which all public officers and bodies of the state
and of its municipal subdivisions, all insurance companies
and associations, all savings banks and savings institutions,
including savings and loan associations, executors, admin
istrators, guardians, trustees and all other fiduciaries in
the state may properly and legally invest the funds within
their control. The bonds so issued and secured and the
mortgage or trust indenture relating thereto, may create
a first or senior lien and a second or junior lien upon the
real property embraced in any project; provided, however,
that the total mortgage liens shall not exceed eighty per
centum of the estimated cost prior to the completion of the
project, or eighty per centum of the appraised value or
actual cost, but in no event in excess of eighty per centum of
18
the actual cost after such completion, as certified by the
supervising agency. Where there are first and second mort
gage liens upon the property embraced in a project, only
the first or senior lien thereon shall be deemed a security
in which such officers, bodies, corporations, associations
and fiduciaries, may invest the funds within their control.
Such bonds and mortgages may contain such other clauses
and provisions as shall be approved by the supervising
agency, including the right to assignment of rents and
entry into possession in case of default; but the operation
of the housing project in the event of such entry by mort
gagee or receiver shall be subject to regulations promul
gated by the supervising agency. Provisions for the
amortization of the bonded indebtedness of companies
formed under this act shall be subject to the approval of the
supervising agency. So long as funds made available by
the federal government or any instrumentality thereof or
any mortgage or mortgage bonds, insured by the federal
housing administrator or any other instrumentality of the
federal government are used in financing, in whole or in
part, any project under this act, the capital structure of a
redevelopment company undertaking such project and the
proportionate amount of the cost of the lands and improve
ments to be represented by mortgages or bonds shall be en
tirely in the discretion of the supervising agency; and all
restrictions as to the amounts to be represented by mort
gages, mortgage bonds, income debentures or stock shall be
inapplicable to such projects or to redevelopment companies
undertaking such projects, except that the bonds, mort
gages, debentures and stock covering any project shall not
exceed the total actual final cost of such project as defined in
subdivision two of section thirteen of this act.
Interest rates on mortgage indebtedness shall not ex
ceed five per centum per annum.
19
§13. Limitations
111 addition to limitations prescribed by this act a re
development company shall not have power to :
1. Acquire any real property or interest therein for a
project or projects unless the supervising agency and the
local legislative body determine as provided in this act that
such acquisition is necessary or convenient for the public
purpose defined in this act.
2. Issue its stock, debentures and bonds covering any
project undertaken by it in an amount greater in the aggre
gate than the total actual final cost of such project. The
actual cost of such project shall include the cost of the lands
and improvements constituting the project and charges for
financing and supervision approved by the supervising
agency, condemnation charges and interest and other carry
ing charges during the period of acquisition and of con
struction. The total actual final cost shall be deemed to be
ah amount equal to such actual cost plus an allowance for
working capital. Such allowance for working capital shall
not exceed an amount equal to three per centum of the
estimated cost or of the total actual final cost of the project
if that shall be greater than the estimated cost.
3. Enter into contracts for the payment of salaries to
officers or employees, or for the construction or for the sub
stantial repair, improvement or operation of projects ex
cept subject to the approval of the supervising agency.
§ 14. Use of projects
The project or projects of any redevelopment company
shall be designed and used primarily for housing purposes,
but portions of the project may be planned and used for
business, commercial, cultural or recreational purposes ap
purtenant thereto as approved in the project.
20
§ 15. Procedure for submission and approval of plan or project
Every plan or plan of a project proposed by a redevelop
ment company shall contain a general description of the
area to be redeveloped and a statement of the plan of re
development with such detail of information with refer
ence thereto as may be necessary to a general understanding
thereof.
After preliminary approval thereof by the supervising
agency as to conformity with the provisions and purposes
of this act, every such plan or plan of a project shall be sub
mitted to the planning commission for approval of the plan
or plan of the project relating to :
1. Height and bulk of structures, density of popula
tion and percentage of land coverage by structures as to
their conformity with the purposes of this act and with the
master plan, if any; and the relationship of the density of
population contemplated by the plan or plan of the project
to the distribution of the population of the municipality in
other areas or parts thereof, and
2. Provision, if any, for business or commercial facil
ities appurtenant to the plan or project, relationship to ex
isting and planned public facilities, adequacy and planned
rearrangement of street facilities and provisions for light,
air, cultural and recreational facilities as to their con
formity with the purposes of this act and their adequacy
for accommodation of the density of population con
templated by the plan or plan of the project.
The planning commission, after public hearing on a plan
or plan of a project, m ay:
a. Issue an unqualified certificate of approval thereof,
or
b. Issue a certificate of conditional or qualified ap
proval thereof, with or without recommendations, or
21
c. Disapprove thereof.
After action thereon by the planning commission, such
plan or plan of a project with a proposed form of contract
between the municipality and the company or, when all
stock, debentures and mortgage bonds of the company are
owned or are to be owned by one or more insurance com
panies, between the municipality, redevelopment company
and such insurance company or companies shall be sub
mitted by the redevelopment company, with a certificate of
approval of the supervising agency and the certificate or a
statement of action on the plan or project by the planning
commission, to the local legislative body for its approval as
to conformity with the provisions and purposes of this act,
the extent of the tax exemption to be granted pursuant to
section twenty-six, the amount and nature of the property
to be condemned for the redevelopment company by the
municipality and the terms and conditions of payment there
for by the redevelopment company, the amount of publicly
owned land or facilities to be sold to the redevelopment com
pany or exchanged for redevelopment company-owned lands
and the availability of other suitable dwelling accommoda
tions for families living in the area or part thereof to be
affected by the plan or plan of the project.
As part of an approved project the local legislative body
may require a redevelopment company to dedicate to the
municipality or any agency thereof in the manner provided
by law specified portions of the land in a project for parks,
streets, public recreational and other public purposes.
The contract shall regulate the rents to be charged for
rooms in the project and may contain such other provi
sions, not inconsistent with this act, as may be deemed
necessary or desirable for the financing, construction, opera
tion and supervision of the project.
In any case where the planning commission shall have
issued a certificate of unqualified approval of a plan or plan
22
of a project approval thereof by the local legislative body
may be by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole
number of votes authorized to be cast by all of the members
thereof. In any case where the planning commission shall
not have issued a certificate of unqualified approval, the
plan or plan of a project may nevertheless be approved by
the local legislative body, after public hearings thereon, by
resolution adopted by a three-fourths vote of the whole
number of votes authorized to be cast by all of the mem
bers thereof. The local legislative body is authorized to
enter into the necessary contract or contracts on behalf of
the municipality.
I f the contract parties are a municipality, a redevelop
ment company and one or more insurance companies which
own or will own all of the stock, debentures, bonds and mort
gage indebtedness of such redevelopment company, or if the
project is undertaken by an insurance company, then the
certificate of the supervising agency approving such con
tract shall terminate the functions of the supervising agency
pursuant to this act, and after the execution of such contract
all references herein to the approval or other action by the
supervising agency shall be inapplicable to the project pro
vided for in such contract and to such redevelopment com
pany or the insurance company undertaking such project.
§ 16. Limitation on changes
It shall be unlawful during the period of tax exemption,
granted pursuant to section twenty-six of this act, for any
redevelopment company dr any successor in interest to its
title to a project or any part thereof to change or modify
any feature of a project for which approval of the planning
commission is required by this act, without the approval
of such commission, except by a three-quarters vote of the
local legislative body.
23
§ 17. Transfer of real property to redevelopment company
Notwithstanding any requirement of law to the contrary
or the absence of direct provision therefor in the instrument
under which a fiduciary is acting, every executor, admin
istrator, trustee, guardian or other person, holding trust
funds or acting in a fiduciary capacity, unless the instru
ment under which such fiduciary is acting expressly for
bids, the state, its subdivisions, municipalities, all other
public bodies, all public officers, persons, partnerships and
corporations organized under or subject to the provisions
of the insurance law, the superintendent of insurance as
conservator, liquidator or rehabilitator of any such person,
partnership or corporation, owning or holding any real
property within an area, may grant, sell, lease or otherwise
transfer any such real property to a redevelopment company
and receive and hold any cash, stock, income debentures,
bonds, mortgages, or other securities or obligations, secured
or unsecured, exchanged therefor by such redevelopment
company and may execute such instruments and do such
acts as may be deemed necessary or desirable by them or it
and by the redevelopment company in connection with a
project or projects. An insurance company which has un
dertaken a project through direct ownership and/or lease
may transfer to the project any real property which it owns
or holds within an area and the actual cost of such property
to the insurance company shall be included in the total actual
final cost of such project.
§ 18. Rules and regulations
The planning commission and the supervising agency,
respectively, shall have power to make rules and regulations
to carry out their powers and duties pursuant to this act and
to effectuate the purposes thereof.
§ 19. Fees
The supervising agency, the local legislative body and
the planning commission, if any, may each adopt a reason
24
able schedule of fees to be paid upon the filing with each of
them of a plan, plans for a project or projects, amendments
thereto and other instruments in connection therewith.
§ 20. Condemnation
A municipality may take property by condemnation for
a redevelopment company, provided the contract or con
tracts executed pursuant to section fifteen contain a re
quirement that the company shall pay to the municipality all
sums expended or required to be expended by the munici
pality in the acquisition of such real property, provision as
to the time of payment and manner of securing payment
thereof, and provisions requiring that the municipality re
ceive, before proceeding with the acquisition of such real
property, such assurances as to payment or reimburse
ment by the redevelopment company, or otherwise, as the
local legislative body may deem advisable. Upon the execu
tion of such contract or contracts the company shall cause
to be made three copies of surveys or maps of the real prop
erty described in the contract, one of which shall be filed in
the office of the redevelopment company, one in the office
of the corporation counsel or chief law officer of the
municipality, and one in the office in which instruments a f
fecting real property in the county are recorded. The filing
of such copies of surveys or maps in accordance with the
provisions of this section shall be in lieu and in complete
satisfaction of any other requirement for the filing of sur
veys or maps imposed upon either the municipality or the
redevelopment company by any general, special or local law.
Upon compliance by the redevelopment company with the
applicable terms and conditions of such contract or con
tracts the municipality shall proceed to acquire title to the
real property and when title to the real property shall have
vested in the municipality, it shall convey the same to the
redevelopment company upon final compliance by the rede
velopment company with such terms and conditions. As
25
soon as title shall have vested in the municipality, the re
development company may, upon the authorization of the
mayor, enter upon the real property taken, take over and
dispose of existing improvements, and carry out the terms
of the project with respect thereto.
Real property in an area, needed or convenient for the
project, which is to be acquired by condemnation pursuant
to this section, may be acquired by the municipality for the
project, including any property devoted to a public use,
whether or not held in trust, notwithstanding that such
property may have been previously acquired by condemna
tion or is owned by a public utility corporation, it being
hereby expressly determined that the public use in con
formity with the provisions of this act shall be deemed a
superior public use. The local legislative body may consent
to the condemnation of property owned by the municipality,
whether or not such property be held in trust, or may sell or
lease any such property necessary or convenient for a
project of a redevelopment company without public bidding,
provided notice of such sale or lease is published and a public
hearing is held before the local legislative body. The term
of any such lease shall not be limited by any provision of
any general, special or local law or city charter limiting the
period of time during which a lease or any renewal thereof
may run. Real property belonging to a public utility cor
poration may not be acquired without the approval of the
commission or other officer or tribunal having regulatory
power over such corporation.
An award of compensation shall not be increased by
reason of any increase in the value of the real property
caused by the assembly, clearance or reconstruction, or pro
posed assembly, clearance or reconstruction for the pur
poses of this act of the real property in an area.
A local legislative body, upon payment therefor or upon
exchange for other lands, may convey to any redevelopment
company land in any street or public place which is duly
closed or discontinued pursuant to the plan of a project.
26
Nothing in this section shall be deemed to forbid or
prevent the acquisition of any real or personal property by a
redevelopment company by gift, devise, bequest, grant, or
subject to the provisions of this act, by purchase at public or
private sale.
§ 21. Regulation of redevelopment companies
The supervising agency shall:
Examine each redevelopment company and keep in
formed as to its general condition, its capitalization and the
manner in which its property is constructed, leased, oper
ated or managed with respect to its compliance with all
provisions of law and orders of the supervising agency.
The supervising agency m ay:
1. Either itself or through its inspectors or employees
duly authorized by it, enter in or upon and inspect the
property, equipment, buildings, plants, offices, apparatus
and devices of any redevelopment company; examine all
books, contracts, records, documents and papers of any re
development company and by subpoena duces tecum compel
the production thereof.
2. In its discretion, prescribe uniform methods and
forms of keeping accounts, records and books to be observed
by redevelopment companies, and after a hearing to pre
scribe by order accounts in which particular outlays and
receipts shall be entered, charged or credited.
3. Require specific answers to questions upon which it
may desire information and require the filing of periodic
reports in the form, covering the period, and at the time
prescribed by it.
§ 22. Sinking fund
Unless other provision be made therefor in the contract
with the municipality, the supervising agency, if he shall
deem it feasible at any time, subject to the limitation con
27
tained in section eight of this act, may require a redevelop
ment company to provide for earnings, after provision for
dividends and interest, a sinking fund in an amount to be
fixed by such supervising agency for the gradual retire
ment of the stock and income debenture certificates of such
company. Such sinking fund may be used either for the
purchase, from time to time, of stock or income debenture
certificates at a price approved by the supervising agency
not exceeding par value thereof with accrued and unpaid
dividends or interest, or if it be not practicable to purchase
such stock or such income debenture certificates at a price
so approved, the moneys in such sinking fund may be added
to the surplus of such company. Any stock or income deben
ture certificates purchased out of such sinking fund shall be
cancelled and shall not be reissued.
§ 23. Transfer of title or foreclosure of project
1. Until the termination of the tax exemption, whether
by expiration or by any other cause, a redevelopment com
pany, heretofore or hereafter organized, shall not have
power to sell any project without the consent of the local
legislative body.
2. I f an action be brought to foreclose a mortgage or
tax lien upon a redevelopment project, heretofore or here
after authorized pursuant to this act, and the property con
stituting the project shall be acquired at the foreclosure sale,
or by a conveyance in lieu of such sale, by a redevelopment
company organized pursuant to this act, or by the federal
government or an instrumentality thereof, or by a corpora
tion which is, or by agreement has become subject to the
supervision of the superintendent of banks or the superin
tendent of insurance, such successor in interest shall acquire
such project subject to all provisions of the contract regula
ting such project and shall be entitled to all of the benefits
contained in such contract. In all other cases of sale at fore
closure or forced sale, the project shall be sold free of all
28
restrictions, except such covenants running with the land
as may be contained in the contract regulating the project,
and the tax exemption, if any, theretofore granted to such
project shall immediately terminate.
§ 24. Dissolution
1. After termination of any tax exemption granted
pursuant to section twenty-six of this act, whether by ex
piration or by any other cause, or in the event that prior
thereto the redevelopment company elects to pay to the
municipality the total of all accrued taxes for which such
exemption was granted and received, together with interest
at the rate of five per centum per annum, the redevelopment
company may voluntarily dissolve, and title to the project
may be conveyed in fee to the owner or owners of its capital
stock or to any corporation designated by it or them for the
purpose, or the redevelopment company may be dissolved
and reconstituted pursuant to appropriate laws relating to
the formation and conduct of corporations, after providing,
in any case, for the payment of all current operating ex
penses, taxes, indebtedness and all accrued interest thereon,
and the par value of and accrued dividends on the outstand
ing stock of the redevelopment company. If, after making
such provision and after the conveyance of the project, a
cash surplus remains in the treasury of the redevelopment
company, such cash surplus shall, upon dissolution, be paid
into the general fund of the municipality. After such dis
solution and conveyance or such reconstitution, the provi
sions of this act shall become and be inapplicable to any such
project and its owner or owners, and any tax exemption
granted to such redevelopment company pursuant to section
twenty-six of this act shall cease and terminate.
2. I f prior to the termination of any tax exemption the
project is sold for any reason, the redevelopment company
29
shall dissolve, and any tax exemption granted to such re
development company pursuant to section twenty-six of
this act shall cease and terminate, except as otherwise pro
vided in section twenty-three of this act. In such case the
stockholders and income debenture certificate holders shall
in no event receive more than the par value of their stock
and the face value of their income debenture certificates
with accrued and unpaid dividends or interest upon such
stock and income debenture certificates, and any remaining
surplus shall be paid into the general fund of the
municipality.
3. In no event shall a redevelopment company be volun
tarily dissolved unless provision is made for the payment in
full of the remaining balance of principal and interest due
or unpaid upon any mortgage on its property or any part
thereof, but any project may, with the consent of the local
legislative body of the municipality, be conveyed and trans
ferred to the municipality subject to such mortgage and
accrued interest.
4. Unless the local legislative body of the municipality
shall consent to the voluntary dissolution of a redevelop
ment company, such a company shall not dissolve except in
accordance with subdivisions one and two of this section
or upon the expiration of the period of corporate existence
as fixed by its certificate of incorporation.
5. With the consent of the local legislative body and
the superintendent of insurance, a redevelopment company
heretofore or hereafter organized may voluntarily dissolve
prior to the termination of any tax exemption granted pur
suant to section twenty-six of this act and title to the
project may be conveyed, and all other assets of such re
development company may be transferred, to an insurance
company, whether or not such project shall have been there
tofore completed. After such dissolution and conveyance
such tax exemption shall continue for the period of years
30
originally provided for in the contract, or for the unexpired
portion thereof if such period shall have theretofore com
menced, subject to prior termination pursuant to section
twenty-five or section twenty-six of this act, and the pro
visions of this act shall thereafter be applicable to such
project and to such insurance company to the same extent
and with the same force and effect as though such project
had been initially undertaken by such insurance company
pursuant to section twenty-five of this ac t; provided, how
ever, that nothing herein contained shall be deemed to re
quire the resubmission of the plan of the project and the
contract relating thereto for approval pursuant to section
fifteen of this act.
6. The contract with the municipality may contain
such other provisions for the dissolution of the redevelop
ment company as may be deemed advisable, not inconsistent
with the provisions of this section. In case of a dissolution
and conveyance in accordance with subdivision five of this
section, the contract may be modified consistently with the
provisions of said subdivision five and section twenty-five
of this act, any such modifications to be approved by the
superintendent of insurance and the local legislative body.
7. Upon dissolution as provided in this section, this
act shall become and be inapplicable to the project and its
owner or owners except as otherwise contemplated by sub
division five of this section.
§ 25. Participation by certain corporations
One or more insurance companies shall have the power
to organize, or cause to be organized, a redevelopment com
pany formed pursuant to the provisions of this act, and to
purchase for cash or to receive and hold in exchange for
property, and to own and control, the stock or the income
debenture certificates or both of any redevelopment com
pany and shall also have power to invest, singly or jointly,
in a bond and first mortgage or in an issue of bonds secured
31
by mortgage or trust indenture constituting a first lien upon
any project as provided in this act. An insurance company,
however, which owns stock or income debenture certificates
of a redevelopment company and also owns bonds or a bond
and mortgage or an interest in a bond and mortgage of the
same redevelopment company shall not, without the consent
of the supervising agency, sell all or any part of such bonds
or such bond and mortgage or of its interest in such bond
and mortgage unless it shall simultaneously sell such stock
and such income debenture certificates owned by it.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an insur
ance company or companies operating a redevelopment
project or owning all of the stock of a redevelopment com
pany are hereby expressly authorized to enter into contracts
contemplated by this act and to agree by contract with the
municipality not to sell, assign, or otherwise transfer such
project or the stock, income debentures or mortgage bonds
of such redevelopment company during the period of tax
exemption provided for by the contract pursuant to this act
without the consent of the local legislative body of the
municipality. An insurance company or companies owning
all of the stock of a redevelopment company are hereby ex
pressly authorized to make such capital contributions to any
such redevelopment company, in cash or by cancellation of
securities or otherwise, as may be necessary to enable such
redevelopment company to comply with all conditions pre
cedent to its dissolution and conveyance of its property in
accordance with section twenty-four of this act, and upon
dissolution of such a redevelopment company, to acquire the
project, complete the same if not theretofore completed, and
own and operate the same as a permanent investment for
such period as it or they may deem desirable either directly
or through acquisition and ownership of the capital stock of
any corporation which may acquire title to the project pur
suant to subdivision one of section twenty-four.
An insurance company, instead of investing its funds
in the stock and debentures or other obligations of a rede-
32
velopment company, may through direct ownership and/or
lease acquire, own, construct, manage or operate as an in
vestment for such period as it may deem desirable, one or
more projects, in which event the provisions of sections
seven, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, twenty, twenty-
three, and twenty-six and subsection one of section thir
teen of this act applicable to redevelopment companies shall
be applicable to such insurance company in its operations
with respect to any such project but not otherwise. Said
provisions and the ensuing provision of this section shall
cease to be applicable to any such project and to such insur
ance company in its operations with respect to such project
after termination of any tax exemption granted pursuant to
section twenty-six of this act with respect to such project,
whether such termination shall be by expiration or by any
other cause, or in the event that prior thereto the insurance
company elects to pay the municipality the total of all ac
crued taxes for which such exemption was granted and re
ceived, together with interest at the rate of five per centum
per annum. I f any such project shall be sold by an insur
ance company, the tax exemption with respect to such
project shall thereupon cease and terminate unless the local
legislative body shall otherwise provide.
Until the termination of any tax exemption granted pur
suant to section twenty-six of this act or until the provi
sions of this act shall otherwise cease to be applicable:
1. An insurance company shall be entitled to earn and
retain annually on a cumulative basis in respect of each
project operated by it hereunder, before depreciation but
after providing for all expenses, taxes and assessments at
tributable to such project or to the income therefrom, a sum
equal to but not exceeding six per centum of the total actual
final cost of the project as defined by subdivision two of sec
tion thirteen of this act.
2. Separate accounts shall be kept for each project
operated by an insurance company.
33
3. I f the income from any such project for any year,
after all expenses, taxes and assessments attributable
thereto or to the income therefrom, shall be in excess of six
per centum of the total actual final cost of such project as
defined by subdivision two of section thirteen of this act,
such excess shall be credited to a special reserve account.
4. I f the income from any such project for any year,
after all expenses, taxes and assessments attributable
thereto or to the income therefrom shall be less than six
per centum of such total actual final cost, such deficiency
shall be charged against such special reserve account.
The amount of any accrued taxes and interest thereon
paid by an insurance company pursuant to the second para
graph of section twenty-six of this act may be charged
against such special reserve account. An amount equal to
any balance remaining to the credit of such special reserve
account on the termination of the period of tax exemption
shall be paid into the general fund of the municipality. If
any project shall be conveyed to an insurance company in
accordance with subdivision five of section twenty-four
of this act, an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid in
terest, amortization and dividends on the stock and evi
dences of indebtedness of the redevelopment company there
tofore accumulated in accordance with section eight of this
act shall be charged against the special reserve account ex
cept to the extent included in total actual final cost, and any
remaining cash surplus derived from earnings remaining in
the treasury of the redevelopment company shall be trans
ferred to such insurance company and shall be,credited by
it to the special reserve account provided for in this section
applicable to such project.
Except as specifically provided herein this act shall not
be deemed to limit or restrict any power or authority granted
to insurance companies or to any other corporation or to
any fiduciary by any other provision of law heretofore or
hereafter enacted.
34
§ 26. Tax exemptions
The local legislative body of any municipality in which
a project of such company is or is to be located may by con
tract agree with any redevelopment company to exempt
from local and municipal taxes, other than assessments for
local improvements, all or part of the value of the property
included in such project which represents an increase over
the assessed valuation of the real property, both land and
improvements, acquired for the project at the time of its
acquisition by the redevelopment company which originally
undertook the project and for such definite period of years
as such contract may provide. The tax exemption shall not
operate for a period of more than twenty-five years, com
mencing in each instance from the date on which the bene
fits of such exemption first become available and effective.
A redevelopment company which has been granted and
has received tax exemption pursuant to this section may at
any time elect to pay to the municipality the total of all ac
crued taxes for which exemption was granted and received,
together with interest at the rate of five per centum per
annum. Upon such payment the tax exemption of the
project shall thereupon cease and terminate.