Borders v. Rippy Transcript of Record
Public Court Documents
March 26, 1957

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Brief Collection, LDF Court Filings. Borders v. Rippy Transcript of Record, 1957. a1fcb122-ca9a-ee11-be36-6045bdeb8873. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/b4176e3e-91ce-4767-a00b-889ee80c8a8d/borders-v-rippy-transcript-of-record. Accessed April 22, 2025.
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TRANSCRIPT OF RECORD UNITED STATES C O U R T OF A P P E A L S FIFTH CIRCUIT. No. 16,483 HILDA RUTH BORDERS, a minor, by her father and next friend, LOUIE BORDERS, JR., ET AL., Appellants, versus DR. EDWIN L. RIPPY, as President of the Board of Trustees of the Dallas Independent School District, ET AL., Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. (ORIGINAL RECORD RECEIVED JAN. 30/57.) u. s. COURT OP APPEAI s F I L E D >T7A t ;v INDEX PAGE Caption ........ ............................ .................... .................. 1 Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint ........ .. 3 D efendants’ Second Amended Answer ........ .. 27 Motion of D efendants’ for Admission of F a c t s .......... 37 D efendants’ Reply to Request for Admission of Facts 40 Plaintiffs’ Request for Admission of Facts ........ .. 47 Plaintiffs’ Reply to D efendants’ Request for Ad mission of Facts .................... ........................ .. 52 Transcript of Evidence ................................ 55 Colloquy between Court and C o u n se l........ .. 57 Evidence for Plaintiffs: Testimony of Paul A. Sims ...................... 61 Elmer D. Hurdle .......... 64 Louie Borders ............ 69 Mrs. Ira Nelson ....................... 74 Mrs. Lee M. S m i th ................... 77 T. W. Browne ....... ................ 82 Exhibit “P-3”—M inutes of the Dallas Inde pendent School D istrict Board . . . . . 90 Excerpts of P laintiffs’ Admission of Facts . . 100 Testimony of L. G. Slider ............ ................ 104 Evidence for Defendants: Testimony of Dr. W. T. W hite ..................... 107 Excerpts from Deposition of Edwin C. W ashington .................... 118 Opinion of the Court, dated 12/19/56 .................. 129 Judgm ent, entered 12/26/56 .............................................. 133 Notice of Appeal .................................... 134 Appeal Bond ............ 136 A ppellants’ Designation of Contents of Record on Appeal ........................................................................ 139 Clerk’s Certificate ............................ 142 CAPTION. B E IT' R E M E M B E R E D , th a t a t a session of the U nited S ta tes D is tric t Court in and fo r the N orth e rn D istrict, of Texas, held a t D allas, Texas, the H onorable W illiam H. A twell, U nited S ta tes D is tr ic t Ju d g e for the N orthern D istric t of Texas, p resid ing , the following proceedings w ere h ad and the following cause cam e on for tr ia l and w as tried , to-wit: Civil A ction No. 6165. A LB ER T B ELL, A M inor, by his S tep-father and n ex t friend , TH EO D O RE D. DORSEY: SANDRA LY N ETTA B ER K IN S, a M inor, by h e r M other and N ext F riend , (M RS.) CHARLES BEK IN S, a fem e sole; H ILD A RU TH BO RD ERS, a M inor, by h e r F a th e r and N ext F riend , LO U IE BOR D ERS, JR .: SANDRA CRAIG BOSON, and PA M ELA BOSON, M inors, by the ir F a th e r and Next F riend , LA W REN CE C. BOSON: CHARLES BROWN, a M inor, by his F a th e r and N ext F riend , W A LTER BROWN, JR .; W illiam C. BURTON, JR ., A M inor, by his F a th e r and N ext F riend , W ILLIAM C. BURTON; SH IR L E Y ANN BUSH, a M inor, by h e r F a th e r and N ext F riend, FR A N K IE L. BUSH; RA Y FO RD COOKS, A M inor, by h is F a th e r and N ext F riend , R O B ER T COOKS; B IL L IE M A RIE COX, a M inor, by her S tep -F ath er and N ex t F riend , V ELL SNOW DEN; H E L E N JE A N G IPSON, a M inor, by h e r M other and Next F riend , LU EN D A G IPSO N, a fem e sole; CHAR L E N E GOLDSTEIN, a M inor, by her M other and 2 N ext F riend , W ILLIE MAE GOLDSTEIN, a fem e sole; OSCAR W ILLIE HAWKINS, a M inor, by his F a th e r and N ext F riend, OSCAR HAW KINS; CAROL, CH EY EL and RONALD H U R D LE, M inors, by the ir F a th e r and N ext F riend , E L M E R D. H U RD LE; O LLIE PE A R L IVY, a M inor, by her M other and N ext F riend , IR E N E IVY, a fem e sole; JOH N A RV IE LEW IS, a M inor, by his S tep father and N ext F riend , G EO R G E FIE L D S; MIL- TON M cDANIEL, a Minor, by his F a th e r and N ext F riend , WILLIAM M cD A N IEL; DIANN M URPH Y , a Minor, by her G randm othe r and N ex t F riend , (M RS.) S. L. N E E L Y , a fem e sole; L. LAW RENCE NELSON, II, A M inor, by h is F a th e r and N ext F riend , CL YD ED . NELSON; ALONZO D. NICKERSON, JR ., A M inor, by his F a th e r and N ext Friend, ALONZO D. N IC K E R SON, SR.; ROSA SHARON and M AUDE LOIS SIMS, M inors, by the ir F a th e r and N ext F rien d , (R E V .) PAUL A. SIMS, MARY ANN SLID ER , a M inor, by her F a th e r and N ext F riend , L. G. SLID ER ; DAURITY G. SMITH, a M inor, by his F a th e r and Next F riend , LEO M. SM ITH; JU L IA ANN V ICKERS, a Minor, by her F a th e r and N ext F riend , SEARCY E. VICKERS, and JO E A R THUR WILLIAMS, a M inor, by his F a th e r and N ext F riend , H E R B E R T WILLIAMS, P lain tiffs , versus DR. EDW IN L. R IP P Y , as P re s id e n t of the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t, D allas, D allas County, Texas; W. A. BLAIR; R O B E R T L. DILLARD, JR .; R O B ER T B. G IL M O RE; ROUSE HOW ELL; (M RS.) VERN ON D. 3 INGRAM ; VAN M. LAMM; (M RS.) TRACY H. R U T H E R FO R D ; FR A N K LIN E. SPA FFO R D , D allas, D allas County, Texas, as M em bers of the Board of T ru stees of the D allas Independent School D istric t, and DR. W. T. W H ITE, as Super in tenden t of P ub lic Schools of the D allas Inde penden t School D is tric t; HOWARD A. A LLEN, as P rin c ip a l of the W. H. A dam son H igh School; J . H. G U RLEY , as P rin c ip a l of the M aple Law n E lem en ta ry School; W. A. HAMILTON, as P r in cipal of the M irab eau B. L a m a r E le m e n ta ry School; ELLA E. PA R K E R , as P rin c ip a l of the John H enry Brow n E lem en ta ry School; W ILLIAM H. STANLEY, as P rin c ip a l of th e T hom as A. E d i son E lem en ta ry School; RICHARD E. STROUD, as P r in c ip a l of the T hom as J. R usk Ju n io r H igh School, and, TH E DALLAS IN D E P E N D E N T SCHOOL DISTRICT, D efendants. P L A IN T IF F ’S A M EN D ED COMPLAINT. Filed Dec. 14, 1956. In the U nited S tates D is tric t C ourt for the N orthern D is tric t of Texas, D allas Division. A lbert Bell, A M inor, by his N ext F riend, Theodore D. D orsey, e t al., P la in tiffs , v. Civil A ction No. 6165. Dr. E dw in L. R ippy, as P res id en t of the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t, D allas County, Texas, et al., D efendants. Come Now H ilda R u th B orders, a m inor, by her fa th e r and n ex t friend, Louie B orders, J r . ; S and ra 4 C raig Boson and P am e la Boson, m inors, by their m o th er and fa th e r and n ex t friends, L aw rence C. Boson and M rs. L aw rence C. Boson; W illiam C. B u r ton, J r . , a m inor, by his fa th e r and next friend, Wil liam C. B urton; Shirley A nn Bush, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and next friend, F ran k ie L. B ush; B illie M arie Cox, a m inor, by her s tep fa th e r and m other and nex t friends, Veil Snowden and M ary Snowden; C harlene G oldstein, a m inor, by her fa th e r and m other and nex t friends, D avid G oldstein and W illie M ae Gold stein; C aro l H urdle, Cheyel H urdle and R onald H ur dle, m inors, by the ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , E lm e r D. H urdle; Ollie P e a r l Ivy, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and m other and nex t friends, J . J . Ivy and Iren e Ivy; D iann M urphy, a m inor, by h e r g ran d m o th e r and g ran d fa th er and next friends, S. L. N eely and M rs. S. L. Neely; L. L aw rence Nelson II, a m inor, by his m other and nex t friend, M rs. I r a N elson; Al onzo D. N ickerson, J r . , a m inor, by his fa th e r and n ex t friend , Alonzo D. N ickerson, S r.; R osa Sharon S im s and M aude Lois Sim s, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend, (Rev.) P a u l A. Sim s; M ary Ann Slider, a m inor, by her fa th e r and next friend, L. G. Slider; and D aurity G. Sm ith, a m inor, by his fa th e r and next friend, Leo M. Sm ith, h e re in afte r called P la in tiffs , com plaining of Dr. Edw in L. R ippy, as P res id en t of th e B oard of T rustees of the D allas In dependent School D istric t, 5371 M ontrose S treet, D al las, D allas County, Texas, and W. A. B la ir, 1921 P le a s an t D rive, D allas, D allas County, Texas, R obert L. D illard , J r . ; 6624 Lakewood B oulevard, D allas, D allas County, T exas, R obert B. G ilm ore, 6246 P resto n sh ire , D allas, D allas County, Texas, R ouse Howell, 2417 Southwood D rive, D allas, D allas County, Texas, (M rs.) V ernon D. In g ram , 4615 S. D enley D rive, D allas, Dal- 5 las County, Texas, V an M. L am m , 1142 N. Clinton, D allas, D allas County, Texas, (M rs.) T racy H. R u th e r ford, 7338 C row nrich, D allas, D allas County, Texas, F ran k lin E . Spafford, 6234 G lendora, D allas, D allas County, T exas, as m e m b ers of the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independen t School D is tric t; Dr. W. T. W hite as agent and S uperin tenden t of the D allas In dependent School D istric t, 4730 T acom a, D allas, D al la s County, T exas, and H ow ard A. A llen, as ag en t of the D allas Independent School D is tric t and as P r in cipal of the W. H. A dam son H igh School, J . H. G u r ley, as ag en t of the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t and as P rin c ip a l of the M aple L aw n E lem en ta ry School, E lla E . P a rk e r , as agen t of th e D allas In dependent School D is tric t and as P rin c ip a l of the John H enry B row n E lem en ta ry School, W illiam H. S tan ley , as ag en t of the D allas Independen t School D is tric t and as P rin c ip a l of the T hom as A. E dison E lem en ta ry School, R ich ard E. Stroud, as agen t of the D allas Independent School D is tric t and as P r in c ipa l of the T hom as J . R usk Ju n io r High School, and the D allas Independent School D istric t, w hose ag en t is Dr. Edw in L. R ippy, P re s id en t of the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t, upon w hom serv ice has a lread y been had , D efend an ts herein , and file th is the ir F ir s t A m ended P e ti tion herein, and would show the Court: I. Ju risd ic ion . (a ) The ju risd ic tion of th is H onorable C ourt is in voked under Title 2.8, Section 1331, of the U nited S tates Code, th is being a civil action in equity tha t 6 arises under the Constitution and law s of the U nited S ta tes w herein the m a tte r in con troversy exceeds the sum and value of Three Thousand ($3,000.00) D ollars, exclusive of in terest and costs, (62 S tat. 930, Ju n e 25, 1948), and, Title 28, Sections 1981 and 1983, of the U nited S ta tes Code, th is being a civil action in equity w h ere in citizens of the U nited S ta tes contend th a t they have been, a re now, and w ill in th e fu tu re be deprived under color of law, of their righ ts, p riv ileges and im m unities secured to th em as citizens of the U nited S tates, by the C onstitution and law s thereof, (68 S tat. 960, A ugust 30, 1954). (b) The Jurisd iction ' of th is H onorable C ourt is fu rth e r invoked under T itle 28', Section 1343(3), of the U nited S tates Code, this being a civil action in equity to red ress the deprivation , under color of a S ta te law , s ta tu te , ordinance, regulation, custom or usage, of any righ t, privilege or im m unity secu red by the Con stitu tion of the U nited S tates, or by any ac t of Con g ress providing for equal rig h ts of citizens or of a ll persons w ithin the ju risd iction of the U nited States, (62 S tat. c. 646, June 25, 1948). II. In junctive Relief. The Ju risd ic tio n of th is H onorable Court is also invoked un d er T itle 28, Sections 2281 and 2284, of the U nited S tates Code, th is being a civil action in equity fo r an in terlocutory or p e rm a n en t in junction to r e s tra in the enforcem ent, operation or execution of ce r ta in s ta tu te s of the S tate of Texas, and of ce rta in con stitu tiona l provisions of the S ta te of Texas, upon the ? grounds of th e unconstitu tionality of such s ta tu te s and constitu tional provisions, (62 S tat. 968, c. 646, Ju n e 2.5, 1948). III. D ec la ra to ry Judgm en t. This is a proceed ing un d er Title 28, Sections 2201 and 2202, of the U nited S tates Code, for a d ec la ra to ry judgm ent. All of the p a r tie s to the con troversy a re su b jec t to the ju risd ic tio n of th is H onorable Court. P la in tiffs seek a definition and dec lara tion of th e leg a l r ig h ts and re la tio n s of the p a rtie s in the su b jec t m a t te r of th is con troversy , to-wit, the question: (a) W hether the enforcem ent, execution or opera tion of A rticle 2900 and A rticle 2922-13 and 2922-15, of V ernon’s Civil S ta tu te s of th e S ta te of T exas, to th e ex ten t th a t they req u ire or sanction the seg regation of studen ts in the public schools of Texas on the b asis of ra c e or color, by the defendant B oard of E duca tion of the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the a d m in is tra tiv e officers of said defendan t B oard, ag a in st p la in tiffs and the c lass of persons th a t they re p re sent, because of th e ir race and color, deny to th em the ir righ ts, priv ileges and im m unities as c itizens of the U nited States, and the equal p ro tec tion of law s secured to them by the F o u rteen th A m endm ent of the C onstitution of the U nited S tates, or of rig h ts and priv ileges secured to th em by Sections 1981 and 1983, of Title 42, U nited S ta tes Code, and are , for those reasons, unconstitu tional and void? (b) W hether the enforcem ent, execution or opera tion of A rticle VII, Section 7, of the Constitution of 8 Texas, by the defendant B oard of E d u ca tio n of the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the adm in is- ra tiv e officers of sa id defendant B oard, ag a in st p la in tiffs, and the c lass of persons th a t they rep resen t, be cause of th e ir race and color deny to th em the ir rig h ts , privileges and im m unities as c itizens of the U nited S ta tes , and the equal protection of law s secu red to th em by the F ourteen th A m endm ent of the C onstitu tion of the U nited S tates, or of rig h ts and p riv ileges secured to them by Sections 1981 and 1983, of T itle 42, U nited S tates Code, and a re , for these reasons, unconstitu tional and void? IV. F ac ts . 1. P la in tiffs , and each of them , allege th a t th e y a re citizens of the U nited S ta tes and of the S ta te of Texas, dom iciled in the City and County of D allas, Texas, and w ithin the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t; th a t they are , each of them , m em b ers of the* Negro, or “colored” race , as defined by T exas law . (A cts of 1905, p. 263, A rticle 2900, V ernon’s Civil S ta t u te s of the S tate of Texas, A nnotated.) 2. The adu lt p lain tiffs here in allege th a t the m inor p la in tiffs on whose behalf they sue a re m inors be tw een the ages of six (6) and tw enty-one (21) years ; th a t they have m et all law ful health and m edical re qu irem en ts for adm ission to the public schools of the C ity of D allas; th a t they are in all m a te r ia l respects eligible and en titled to attend the public schools of the City of D allas and w ithin the D allas Independent Schoo] D istric t and to reg is te r, en te r c lasses and re- 3 ceive in struc tion in the p a r tic u la r schools se t out in p a ra g ra p h 13 h e re in afte r. 3. T hat since the filing of th is suit, A lbert Bell, m inor, one of the orig inal p la in tiffs herein, h as m ade app lication for en lis tm en t in the U. S. N avy and is not now attend ing the public schools of D allas. 4. The p la in tiff, H ilda R u th B orders is a m inor and she b rin g s th is su it by her fa th e r and n ex t friend, Louie B orders, J r . ; the p la in tiffs, S an d ra C ra ig Boson and P a m e la Boson a re m inors and bring th is action by th e ir m other and fa th e r and next friends, Mr. L aw rence C. Boson and M rs. L aw rence C. Boson; the p la in tiff W illiam C. B urton, J r . is a m inor and b rings th is action by his fa th e r and next friend, W il liam C. B urton; the p lain tiff Shirley Ann B ush is a m inor and b rin g s th is action by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend, F ran k ie L. Bush; the p la in tiff Billie M arie Cox, is a m inor and b rin g s th is action by h e r step fa th e r and m o th e r and next friends, Veil Snowden and M ary Snowden; the p la in tiff C harlene G oldstein is a m inor and b rings th is action by her fa th e r and m o ther and next friends, D avid G oldstein and Willie M ae G oldstein; the p la in tiffs C arol H urdle, Cheyel H urdle and R onald H urdle a re m inors and they b ring this action by the ir fa th e r and next friend, E lm e r D. H urdle; the p la in tiff Ollie P e a r l Ivy is a m inor and b rings th is action by her m other and fa th e r and next, friends, Irene Ivy and J . J . Ivy; the plaintiff D iann M urphy is a m inor and b rin g s th is action by her g ran d fa th e r and g ran d m o th er and n ex t friends, S. L. Neely and M rs. S. L. Neely; the p la in tiff L. L aw rence N elson I I is a m inor and b rings th is action by his m other and nex t friend, M rs. I ra Nelson; th a t 10 since the filing of th is suit, one of the o rig ina l p la in tiffs, the fa th e r of the plaintiff, L. L aw rence Nelson II, Clyde D. Nelson, who is the husband of the p la in tiff, M rs. I ra Nelson, has absented h im se lf fro m th e ir hom e and from D allas County, Texas, as fa r as sa id p la in tiff, M rs. I ra Nelson, knows; th a t he h as p e r m an en tly abandoned her and has left th e ir m inor child, L. L aw rence Nelson II, in the custody, c a re and contro l of the p laintiff, M rs. I r a Nelson, and th a t she has the sole custody, c a re and control of sa id m inor child, L. L aw rence Nelson II, and has h ad the sole custody, c a re and control of said m ino r since the 26th day of M ay, 1956, a t the tim e the o rig ina l p la in tiff, Clyde D. Nelson, perm an en tly abandoned her; th a t the plaintiff, M rs. I ra Nelson a t the tim e of filing th is A m ended Petition herein, h as the sole custody, c a re and control of said m inor p la in tiff, L. L aw ren ce Nelson II, and that, she b rings th is action as the per m a n en tly abandoned wife of Clyde D. N elson and for th e benefit of her said m inor child; the p lain tiff, Alonzo D. N ickerson, J r . is a m inor and b rin g s th is action by h is fa th e r and nex t friend , Alonzo D. N ick er son, S r.; the p lain tiffs R osa Sharon Sim s and M aude Lois S im s a re m inors and they b ring th is action by the ir fa th e r and next, friend, (R ev.) P au l A Sim s; the p la in tiff M ary Ann Slider is a m inor and she b rings th is action by h e r fa th e r and next friend, L. G. Slider; and the p la in tiff D aurity G. Sm ith is a m inor and he b rings th is action by his fa th e r and n ex t friend , Leo M. Sm ith, p u rsu an t to Rule 17(c), F ed era l R ules of Civil P rocedure. 5. P la in tiffs bring th is action in th e ir own behalf and in behalf of all o ther N egro m inors who a re s im i la rly situated , because of the ir race and color, wit,hin 11 the D allas Independent School D istric t, P la in tiffs say th a t they are m em b ers of a c lass of persons who a re seg reg a ted and d isc rim in a ted ag a in st by the D efend an ts because of th e ir ra c e and color; th a t the m em b e rs of the c lass a re so num erous as to m ake it im p rac ticab le to b rin g a ll of them before th is H onor able C ourt; th a t they, as m em b ers of the c lass, can, and w ill fa irly and adequa te ly rep resen t all of the m em b ers of the c lass; th a t the ch a ra c te r of th e rig h t sought to be p ro tec ted and enforced for the c lass is several, and th a t th e re is a com m on question of law affecting the sev era l rig h ts of all, and a com m on re lief is sought. They b rin g th is action as a c lass action pu rsu an t to R ule 23(a)(3 ), F e d e ra l R ules of Civil P rocedure . 6. P la in tiffs allege th a t the defendant B oard of T rustees of the D efendant D allas Independent School D is tric t is a body co rp o ra te w ith pow ers and au th o r ity to sue and be sued in its co rpo ra te nam e. (A rtic les 2748 and 2772, Ib id .) 7. P la in tiffs allege th a t the defendant Board of Trustees, som etim es re fe rre d to as B oard of E d u c a tion, is vested w ith pow er and au th o rity to m an ag e and contro l the public schools u n d er its supervision and control. (A rtic le 2749, Ib id .) 8. P la in tiffs allege th a t the defendant B oard of T rustees of the defendan t D allas Independent School D is tric t h as pow er and au th o rity to adopt ru les and regulations, and by-law s, including the adm ission of students to public schools, to effectuate the policies of the said B oard w ith respect to the m an ag em en t and control of th e public schools under its superv i sion. (A rtic le 2780, Ib id .) 12 9. The p la in tiffs allege th a t the defendant D allas Independent School D is tric t is a po litical sub-division and an in s tru m en ta lity of the S tate, and th a t it exists p u rsu an t to an A ct of the L eg isla tu re of th e S ta te of Texas. (A rticle 2783, et seq., Ib id .) 10. P la in tiffs allege th a t the defendant Dr. E dw in L. R ippy is a citizen of the U nited S ta tes and of the S ta te of Texas; th a t he is dom iciled in th e City of D allas, D allas County, Texas, and is su b jec t to the ju risd ic tion of th is H onorable C ourt; th a t he is the duly elected , qualified and ac ting p res id en t of the defendant B oard of T ru stees of the D allas Indepen dent School D istric t; th a t he is an agen t and ad m in is tra tiv e officer of the S ta te of Texas, and th a t he is sued in his official capacity . 11. P la in tiffs say th a t the defendants W. A. B lair, R o b e rt L. D illard , J r ., R obert B. G ilm ore, Rouse Howell, (M rs.) V ernon D. In g ram , V an M. L am m , (M rs.) T racy H. R utherford and F ra n k lin E . Spaf- ford, are, each of them , citizens of the U nited S ta tes and of the S tate of Texas; th a t they a re dom iciled in th e City of D allas, D allas County, Texas; th a t they a re su b jec t to the ju risd iction of th is H onorable Court; th a t they a re the duly elected, qualified and ac ting m em bers of the defendant Board of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t; th a t they a re agen ts and adm in is tra tiv e officers of the S ta te of Texas, and th a t they are sued in the ir official c a pac ities. 12. The P la in tiffs a llege th a t the D efendant (D r.) W. T. W hite is a citizen of the U nited S tates and of the S ta te of T exas; th a t he is dom iciled in the City 13 and County of D allas, Texas; th a t he is sub jec t to the ju risd ic tio n of th is H onorable Court; th a t he is the duly designated , qualified and ac ting S uperin tenden t of the P ub lic Schools w ith in the D allas Independent School D is tric t; th a t he is an ag en t and a d m in is tra tive officer of the S ta te of T exas, and th a t he is sued in his official capacity . 13. P la in tiffs allege th a t th e defendan t H ow ard A. A llen is the p rin c ip a l of the W. H. A dam son H igh School w ith in the D allas Independent School D istric t; th a t the defendant R. E . S troud is the p rin c ip a l of the Thom as J . R usk Ju n io r H igh School w ithin the D allas Independent School D is tric t; th a t the defendan t E lla E . P a rk e r is the p rinc ipa l of the John H enry Brow n E lem en ta ry School w ithin the D allas Indepen den t School D istric t; th a t the defendant J . H. G ur ley is the p rin c ip a l of the M aple L aw n E lem en ta ry School w ithin the D allas Independen t School D istric t; th a t the defendant W illiam H. S tanley is th e p rin cipal of the T hom as A. E dison E lem en tary School w ith in the D allas Independent School D istric t; and they a re , each of them , citizens of the U nited S tates and of th e S ta te of Texas, dom iciled in the City and County of D allas, Texas; th a t they are , each of them , su b jec t to the ju risd ic tion of th is H onorable Court; th a t they are, each of them , agen ts and em ployees of t,he defendant B oard of T ru stee s of the D allas In dependent School D istric t, and th a t they a re agents and a d m in is tra tiv e officers of the S ta te of Texas. They are , each of them , sued in th e ir respective of fic ial capacities . 14. The P la in tiffs W illiam C. B urton, J r . , Alonzo D. N ickerson, J r ., S an d ra C raig and P am e la Boson, 14 and L. L aw rence Nelson II, allege th a t on, to-wit, the 5th day of S ep tem ber, A. D. 1955, they, and each of them , ac ting in the ir respective ind iv idual behalf, w ent in person w ith the ir respective p aren ts , or w ith th e ir p a re n ts ’ know ledge and consent, to th e M aple L aw n E lem en ta ry School w ith in the D allas Indepen dent School D istric t, during the reg u la r period of reg is tra tio n and adm ission and m ade app lica tion for reg is tra tio n and adm ission to the sa id M aple Law n E lem en ta ry School; th a t the sa id M aple L aw n E le m en ta ry School w as then, and is now, the n e a re s t public e lem en ta ry school to the ir respective hom es; th a t they w ere read y and willing to subm it to and ab ide by all law ful and reasonab le ru les and re g u la tions of the defendant B oard of T rustees of t,he D allas Independent School D istric t; th a t they w ere in all m a te r ia l respects eligible to reg is te r, enter classes, and receive instruc tion in the said e lem en ta ry school; th a t in spite of the foregoing fac ts, they w ere denied and refused adm ission to the sa id M aple L aw n E le m e n ta ry School by its p rincipal, J . H. G urley , w hile the said J . H. G urley w as ac ting in concert, consp ir acy and a com m on schem e w ith the defendant W. T. W hite, as Superin tendent of public schools in the D al la s Independent School D istric t, and the defendan t B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t, ac ting as aforesaid , w ilfully, and know ingly, deprives p lain tiffs and the m em bers of the c lass of persons they re p re se n t on the account of th e ir race and color, of righ ts, privileges and im m unities secured and g u aran teed to th em under the F ou rteen th A m end m en t of the C onstitution of the U nited S tates. 15. The p la in tiffs M ary Ann Slider, D iann M ur phy, H ilda R u th B orders and C harlene Goldstein, al- 15 lege th a t on, to-wit, S ep tem ber 5th, A. D. 1955, they, and each of them , w hile ac ting in th e ir resp ec tiv e in d iv idual behalf, w ent in person w ith th e ir respective p aren ts, or w ith the ir p a ren ts ’ know ledge and con sent, to the W. H, A dam son High School w ith in the D allas Independen t School D istric t during the reg u la r period of re g is tra tio n and adm ission and m ade ap p lication for reg is tra tio n and adm ission to the said W. H. A dam son H igh School; th a t the sa id W. H. A dam son H igh School was then, and is now, the n e a r est public high school to th e ir re sp ec tiv e hom es; th a t they w ere re a d y and w illing to subm it to and abide by all law ful and reasonab le ru les and regu la tions of th e defendant B oard of T rustees of the D allas Inde pendent School D istric t; th a t they w ere in all m a te ria l resp ec ts eligible to reg is te r, en ter classes, and receive instruc tion in the sa id high school; th a t in spite of the foregoing facts, they w ere denied and r e fused adm ission to the sa id W. H. A dam son H igh School by its p rincipal, H ow ard A. Allen, w hile the sa id H ow ard A. Allen w as acting in concert, con sp iracy , and a com m on schem e w ith the defendant, W. T. W hite, as S uperin tenden t of P ub lic Schools in the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the de fendan t B oard of T rustees of th e D allas Independent School D is tric t ac ting as aforesaid , w ilfully and know ingly deprives P la in tiffs and the m em b ers of the class of persons th ey rep resen t, on the account of their race and color, of righ ts, p riv ileges and im m unities secured and guaran teed to them under the F ou rteen th A m endm ent of the C onstitution of the U nited S tates. 16. The P la in tiffs R ose Sharon and M aude Lois Sim s, D au rity G. Sm ith, Carol, Cheyel and Ronald H urdle, and Billie M arie Cox, allege th a t on, to-wit, the 16 5th day of S ep tem ber A. D. 1955, they, and each of th em , ac ting in th e ir respective ind iv idual behalf, w en t in p erson w ith the ir resp ectiv e p a ren ts , or w ith th e ir p a re n ts ’ know ledge and consent, to the John H enry Brow n E lem en ta ry School w ith in th e D allas Independent School D istric t, during the reg u la r period of reg is tra tio n and adm ission and m ad e app lica tion for reg is tra tio n and adm ission to the sa id John H enry B row n E lem en ta ry School; th a t the sa id Jo h n H enry B row n E lem en ta ry School w as then , and is now, the n ea re st public e lem en tary school to th e ir respective hom es; th a t they w ere read y and w illing to subm it to and abide by all law ful and reasonab le ru les and reg u la tio n s of the defendant B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t; th a t they w ere in all m a te ria l re sp ec ts eligible to reg is te r, en ter classes, and receive in struc tion in the sa id e lem en tary school; th a t in spite of the foregoing fac ts , th e y w ere denied and refused adm ission to sa id John H enry Brow n E lem en ta ry School by its p rinc ipa l, E lla E. P a rk e r , while the sa id E lla E. P a rk e r was ac ting in concert, consp iracy and a com m on schem e w ith the defendant, W. T. W hite, as S uperin tenden t of P ublic Schools in the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the D efendant B oard of T rustees of the D allas Inde pendent School D istric t, ac ting as afo resaid , w ilfully and know ingly deprives P la in tiffs and th e m em b ers of the c lass of persons whom th ey rep resen t, on the account of the ir ra c e and color, of rig h ts , p riv ileges and im m unities secured and guaran teed to th em un der the F ourteen th A m endm ent of the C onstitution of the U nited S tates. 17. The P lain tiff Ollie P e a r l Ivy, alleges th a t on, to-wit, the 5th day of Septem ber, A. D. 1955, she w ent 17 in p e rso n w ith her paren ts , or w ith her p a re n ts ’ know l edge and consent, to the T hom as A. E dison E lem en ta ry School w ith in the D allas In dependen t School D istric t, du ring the reg u la r period of reg is tra tio n and adm ission and m ade application for reg is tra tio n and adm ission to th e sa id T hom as A. E dison E lem en ta ry School; th a t the said T hom as A. E dison E lem en ta ry School w as then , and is now, the n e a re s t public ele m e n ta ry school to the hom e of the p la in tiff Ollie P e a r l Ivy; th a t she was w illing and re a d y to subm it to and abide by all law ful and reasonab le ru les and regula tions of the defen d an t B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t; th a t she w as in all m a te ria l re sp ec ts eligible to reg is te r, en ter c lasses, and receive instruc tion in the said e lem en ta ry school; th a t in sp ite of the foregoing fac ts , she w as denied and refused adm ission to the sa id Thom as A. E dison E le m e n ta ry School by its p rincipal, W illiam H. S tan ley, while the said W illiam H. S tanley was ac ting in concert, consp iracy , and a com m on schem e w ith the defendant, W. T. W hite, as Superin tenden t of the p ub lic schools in the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the defendan t B oard of T rustees of the D allas In dependent School D istric t, ac ting as a fo resaid , w il fully, intentionally and know ingly deprives this p la in tiff and the m em bers of the c lass of persons p la in tiffs rep resen t, on the accoun t of ra c e and color, of righ ts, p riv ileges and im m un ities secured and g u a r anteed to them under the F ou rteen th A m endm ent of the Constitution of the U nited S tates. 18. The p la in tiff Shirley Ann Bush alleges th a t on, to-wit, the 5th day of Sep tem ber, 1955, she w ent in person w ith her m other M ae E . Bush, to the Thom as J . R usk Ju n io r H igh School w ith in the D allas Inde- 18 penden t School D istric t, du ring the reg u la r period of reg is tra tio n and adm ission and m ade app lica tion for re g is tra tio n and adm ission to the sa id T hom as J. R usk Jun io r High School; th a t the sa id T hom as J . R usk Jun io r High School was then, and is now, the n e a re s t public jun ior high school to her home; th a t she w as ready and willing to subm it to and abide by all law ful and reasonab le ru les and regu la tions of the defendan t B oard of T rustees of the D allas Indepen dent School D istric t; th a t she was in all m a te r ia l r e spects eligible to reg ister, enter c lasses and receive instruc tion in the said junior high school; that, in sp ite of the foregoing facts, she w as denied and refused adm ission to said T hom as J. R usk Ju n io r H igh School by its p rincipal, R. E. S troud, w hile the said R. E. S troud w as acting in concert, consp iracy and a com m on schem e w ith the defendant, W. T. W hite, as Superin tendent of Public Schools in the D allas Inde pendent School D istric t, and the defendan t B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t, ac ting as aforesaid , w ilfully and know ingly deprives P la in tiff and the m em bers of the c lass of persons she rep resen ts, because of th e ir race and color, of righ ts, priv ileges and im m unities secured and g u aran teed to them under the F ou rteen th A m endm ent of the Con stitu tion of the U nited States. 19. The S ta te of Texas has unlaw fully m ad e ra c ia l segregation in the public schools of the S ta te a p a r t of its public policy. By a constitu tional provision, it is s ta ted tha t: S epara te schools shall be provided fo r the w hite and colored citizens, and im p a rtia l provision shall be m ade for b o th .” (Art. VII, Sec. 7, C onstitution of T exas.) 19 20. A cting p u rsu an t to the a fo resa id un law fu l con stitu tional m a n d a te in the o rgan ic law of the State, the L eg isla tu re illegally en ac ted law s to im p lem en t the un law fu l constitu tional provision set out in p a ra g rap h 19 hereof. A rtic le 2900, V ernon’s Civil S ta tu tes of the S ta te of Texas provides: “All availab le public school funds of th is s ta te sha ll be ap p ro p ria ted in each county for the education alike of w hite and colored children, and im p a rtia l p rov i sions shall be m ad e for both race s . No w hite child shall a tten d schools supported for colored children, nor sh a ll colored ch ild ren attend schools supported for w hite ch ildren . The te rm “ colored ra c e ” or “ Col ored ch ild ren ” as used in th is Title, includes all p e r sons of m ixed blood descending from N egro ances t r y .” (A cts of 1905, p. 263.) 21. W hile acting in fu rth e r deference to the illegal constitu tional provision se t out in p a ra g ra p h 19 hereof, th e 51st L eg is la tu re of Texas, enacted the M inim um F oundation School P ro g ra m A ct, som etim es called the G ilm er-A ikin A ct w hich becam e effective Ju n e 8, 1949; the p ertinen t portions of the A ct provide as follows: A rtic le 2922-13: The n um ber of professional un its a llo tted for the pu rpose of th is A ct to each school d is tric t, except as o therw ise provided herein, sha ll be1 based upon and determ ined by the av erag e daily a t tendance for the d is tr ic t for the nex t p reced in g year, sep a ra te for w hite and sep a ra te for negroes. Such a l lo tm ents based upon w hite a ttendance shall be u til ized in w hite schools, and a llo tm en ts based on negro a tten d an c e sha ll be utilized in negro schools. 20 A rticle 2922-15: The to ta l cu rren t operating cost for each school d is tric t, other th a n professional s a la r ie s and tran sp o rta tio n , shall be based upon the n u m b er of approved c lassroom teacher units and such excep tional children teach er un its as a re utilized for con valescen t classes, sep a ra te for w hite and sep a ra te for n'egroes, * * *. 22. P la in tiffs allege th a t the pu rpose of the F o u n d a tion School P ro g ra m A ct is to g u a ran tee to each child of school age in Texas the availab ility of a m in im u m foundation school p ro g ram for nine (9) m on ths of the year, and to estab lish the eligibility req u irem en ts ap plicable to Texas public school d is tr ic ts in connection therew ith , and th a t the seg regation of the races in the enjoym ent of public school benefits w as not its p r i m a ry purpose. (A cts of 1949, 51st Leg., p. 625, ch. 334, A rt. 1.) 23. P la in tiffs allege th a t only so m uch of the A ct as requ ires or p laces s ta te sanction upon ra c ia l seg regation is unconstitu tional. 24. P lain tiffs allege th a t the defendant B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t, w hile acting , or purporting to act, p u rsu an t to the illegal law s of the S tate of Texas, se t out in p a r a g rap h s 19, 20, and 21, hereof, has m ade, adopted and prom ulgated ce rta in rules and regu la tions for the m an ag em en t and control of the public schools under its supervision, and specifically for the m an ag em en t and control of the public schools m entioned h ere in before in p a ra g ra p h s 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 hereof, w hich have been enforced ag a in st P la in tiffs , and each of them , and w hich they in tend to enforce in the 21 fu tu re ag a in s t them , because of the ir ra c e and color, w hich unlaw fully and w rongfully seg regates and il legally d isc rim in a tes ag a in st P la in tiffs and the c lass of persons th a t they represen t, b ecause of the ir ra c e and color, and deprive them of righ ts, p riv ileges and im m unities secu red to them as citizens of the United S ta tes by the Constitution and law s of the U nited S tates. 25. P la in tiffs allege th a t th e D efendant B oard of E du ca tio n of the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the D efendant, W. T. W hite, w hile ac ting as Super in tendent of P ub lic Schools of the D allas Independent School D istric t, and the D efendants H ow ard A. Allen, E lla E . P a rk e r , W illiam H. S tanley, R ich a rd E . S troud and J . H. G urley, as p rinc ipa ls of the public schools m entioned hereinbefore in p a ra g ra p h s 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 hereof, h ave conspired and ac ted in con c e rt and com m on schem e jo in tly to w ilfully, in ten tionally and know ingly deprive P la in tiffs and th e c lass of persons w hom they rep resen t, because of the ir ra c e and color, of r ig h ts and priv ileges secured to them u n d er the F o u rteen th A m endm ent of the Con stitu tion of the U nited S tates, and of rig h ts secured to them, by Sections 1981 and 1983, of T itle 28, U nited S ta tes Code, by the en fo rcem en t and opera tion of the aforesaid ru les and regu la tions, to the g re a t and i r rep a rab le h a rm and in ju ry of P la in tiffs and th e c lass of persons w hom they represent. 26. T h a t th e D efendan ts, and each of them , acting in co n ce rt each w ith the o ther, independently of any provision of t,he C onstitution of th e S ta te of Texas, o r any of the law s of the S tate of Texas, p rom ulgated in the cap acities in w hich they a re sued, ru les, regu la- 22 tions, custom s, and policies, illegally seg reg a tin g the m ino r P la in tiffs in the afo resaid schools and illegally d isc rim in a tin g again st the P la in tiffs and the c lass of persons w hom they rep resen t, on account of race and color, in th a t the D efendan ts under sa id ru les , re g u la tions, custom s and policies so p rom ulgated , deny to the P la in tiffs and the c lass of persons w hom they represen t, the rig h t and priv ilege of entering, en ro ll ing and receiv ing in struc tion in e ith er of the afo resaid public schools in the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t, on account of th e ir race and color, and that, such den ia l and illegal seg regation and d isc rim in a tion h as been done, and is now being done, pu rpose fully, in ten tionally , and w ilfully by each of sa id D e fendan ts, in th a t since the filing of th is law suit, the D efendants have rea ffirm ed the ir afo resaid illegal and unconstitu tional policies, rules, regu la tions and cus tom s of ra c ia l d iscrim ination ag a in st these P la in tiffs and the c lass of persons th a t they rep resen t, on a c count of ra c e and color, and in tend in the fu tu re to c a r ry out sa id illegal and unconstitu tional policies, ru les , regu la tions and custom s of ra c ia l d isc rim in a tion ag a in st these P la in tiffs and the c lass of persons th a t they rep resen t and w ill do so in the fu tu re , un le ss they a re enjoined and re s tra in e d by a perm anen t w rit of in junction issued by th is H onorable Court. 27. P la in tiffs allege th a t they h ave no plain, ef ficient or adequate rem ed y a t law to red ress the un law fu l action of the D efendants, and each of them , o th e r th a n th is action for d e c la ra to ry ju d g m en t and in junctive relief; th a t any other rem edy to w hich they could be re m itte d would be attended by such u n c e r ta in ties and delays as to am o u n t to su b stan tia l den ial of relief; would involve a m u ltip lic ity of su its and 23 would cause P la in tiffs fu rth e r irrep a rab le h a rm and in jury , and occasion undue h ardsh ip s, vexations and delay. V. P ra y e r . W herefore, the p rem ises considered, P la in tiffs re spectfully p ra y th a t upon the filing of th is A m ended Com plaint, as m ay ap p ea r p ro p er and convenient t,o the Court: 1. T hat a S ta tu to ry T hree-Judge C ourt be convened p u rsu an t to Sections 2281 and 2284, of T itle 28, United S tates Code; 2. T hat th is cause be advanced on the docket of this Court and a speedy h ea rin g be ordered accord ing to law , and upon such p re lim in a ry hearing , th a t th is H onorable C ourt issue a te m p o ra ry injunction to en join and re s tra in the D efendants, and each of them , from denying or refusing to P la in tiffs the rig h t and privilege of entering, and a ttending classes, and re ceiving instruc tion a t the public school w ithin the D allas Independent School D istric t w hich is n e a re s t to th e ir hom es, w ithout being assigned to any public school on the basis or c lassifica tion of race or color, and w ithout any d istinctions being m ade as to them because of the ir ra c e and color; 3. T hat upon final h ea rin g of th is cause on its m erits , th is H onorable Court: (a) E n te r a final ju d g m en t or decree th a t w ill be dec la ra tiv e and definitive of the legal righ ts and re- 24 la tions of the p a rtie s in the su b jec t-m a tte r of this con tro v e rsy ; (b) E n te r a final judgm ent,, o rder and decree w hich w ill declare th a t Section 7, of A rticle VII, of the C onstitution of T exas is unconstitu tional and void fo r the reaso n th a t it denies and deprives p la in tiffs and th e m e m b ers of the c lass of persons w hom they re p re se n t equal pro tection of law s secured to th em by the Constitution and law s of the U nited S ta tes, and rig h ts and priv ileges secured to them by Sec tions 1981 and 1983, of Title 42, U nited S tates Code; (c) E n te r a fina l judgm en t, o rd er and d ecree w hich will d ec la re th a t A rtic le 2900, of V ernon’s Civil S ta tu te s of the S ta te of T exas, is u n constitu tional and void, fo r the reason ' th a t it denies; to p la in tiffs and the m em bers of the c lass of persons w hom they re p re se n t equal p ro tec tion of law s secu red to th em by th e C onstitution and law s of the U nited S ta tes , and rig h ts and priv ileges secu red to th em by Sections 1981 and 1983, of T itle 42, U nited S ta tes Code; (d) E n te r a fina l judgm ent, o rd er and d ecree w hich will d ec la re th a t so m uch of A rticles 2922-13 and 2922-15, of V ernon’s Civil S ta tu tes of the S ta te of Texas, as m ay be in te rp re te d or construed to requ ire , or sanction, the seg regation of s tuden ts in th e public schools opera ted by the defendan ts, or any of them , on th e b asis of race or color, a re unconstitu tional and void, fo r the reaso n th a t it denies to p la in tiffs and th e m em b ers of the c lass of person's w hom they re p re se n t equal p ro tec tion of law s secured to th em by th e C onstitu tion and law s of the U nited S ta tes , and, r ig h ts and p riv ileges secured to th em by Sections 1981 and 1983, of Title 42, U nited S ta tes Code; 25 (e) E n te r a p e rm a n e n t in junction to enjoin and re s tra in the defendants, E dw in L. R ippy, W. A. B lair, R obert L. D illard , J r . , R o b ert B. G ilm ore, R ouse Howell, (M rs.) V ernon In g ram , V an M. L am m , (M rs.) T racy H. R u therfo rd , and F ran k lin E . Spafford, as of ficers and m e m b ers of the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independen t School D istric t, and W. T. W hite as ag en t and S uperin tenden t of Public Schools of the D allas In dependen t School D istric t, the ir agen ts, s e r vants, em ployees, a tto rn ey s, th e ir su ccesso rs in of fice, and all o ther persons ac ting in co ncert w ith them , who shall rece iv e a c tu a l no tice of th is ju d g m ent, o rd er and decree, from fu rth e r executing, or enforcing ag a in s t P la in tiffs and any m e m b ers of the class of persons w hom they rep resen t, any ru le , or regula tion , or any o rd e r or o rd e rs m ade, p rom ulgated , or issued p u rsu a n t to, or pu rp o rted ly issued p u rsu an t to e ither Section 7, of A rticle VII, of the Constitution of the S ta te of T exas, or A rticle 2900 of V ernon’s Civil S ta tu tes of th e S ta te of T exas, or any portion' of A rticles 2922-13 or 2922-15, of V ernon’s Civil S ta tu tes of the S ta te of T exas, th a t req u ire s or sanctions the seg regation of s tuden ts in the public schools operated by the D efendan t B oard of T ru s tee s of th e D allas In dependent School D is tric t, on the basis of ra c e or color; (f) And, the P la in tiffs p ra y th a t the D efendants, and each of them , the ir agents, se rv an ts , em ployees, th e ir su ccesso rs in office and all o ther persons acting in conce rt w ith sa id D efendan ts, be p e rm an en tly en joined and re s tra in ed from enforcing any rule, policy, custom , or regu la tion in' the cap ac ities in w hich they a re h ere in sued, w hich d isc rim in a tes ag a in s t or seg reg a te s the P la in tiffs and the c lass of persons w hom 26 they rep re sen t, in a ttend ing , reg is te r in g , enro lling and receiv ing instruc tion in any of th e public schools w ith in the D allas Independen t School D istric t, on accoun t of ra c e or color; 4. T hat th is H onorable Court allow P la in tiffs th e ir costs here in , and g ra n t such o ther and fu r th e r re lie f as m ay a p p e a r equ itab le and ju s t in th e p rem ises. W. J . DURHAM, 2600 F lo ra S treet, D allas, Texas. C. B. BU NK LEY, JR ., 3318 S. O akland Ave., D allas, Texas. LOUIS A. B ED FO R D , JR ., 1831 Singleton Blvd., D allas, Texas. K E N N E T H F. H OLBERT, 2531 F o re s t Ave., D allas, T exas. U. SIM PSON TATE, 4207 S. O akland Ave., D allas, Texas. J . L. TU R N ER , JR ., 1723 R outh S treet, D allas, Texas. R O B ER T L. CARTER, THURGOOD MARSHALL, 107 W est 43rd S treet, N ew Y ork City, N ew York. By (S.) W. J . DURHAM, A ttorneys for P la in tiffs . 27 C ertification . I, U. S. T ate , one of th e A tto rneys for P la in tiffs herein, a f te r being duly sw orn, on m y oath depose and say th a t I h a v e re a d th e foregoing A m ended C om plaint by m e subsc ribed and know the conten ts thereof, and th a t the sam e is tru e and co rre c t of m y own know ledge, excep t as to m a tte rs s ta te d to be alleged upon in fo rm ation and belief, and as to those m a tte rs , I ve rily believe th em to be true . U. S. TATE, (U. S. T ate). Subscribed and sw orn to before m e th is the 15th day of D ecem ber, 1956. (S.) M. E . WALTON, (M. E . W alton), (Seal) N o tary P ub lic in and for D allas County, T exas. D EFEN D A N TS’ SECOND A M EN D ED ANSW ER. F iled Nov. 21, 1956. (Title O m itted .) Come now the defendan ts, E dw in L. R ippy, R obert L. D illard , F ran k lin Spafford, M rs. T racy R u th e r ford, V an M. L am m , M rs. V ernon D. Ing ram , Rouse Howell, R obert B. G ilm ore, W. A. B la ir, T ru stees of the D allas In dependen t School D istric t, the D allas In dependent School D istric t, an educa tiona l fac ility o r ganized u n d er the law s of the S ta te of Texas, R ich ard 28 E. S troud, W. T. W hite, E lla P a rk e r , W illiam S tan ley, J . H. G urley, H ow ard A llen and W. A. H am ilton, and file th is th e ir F ir s t A m ended Answ er. 1 . The p la in tiffs canno t m a in ta in th is su it for the re a son th a t sa id con troversy is not a bona fide a ttem p t to d e te rm in e th e ir civil rig h ts , bu t the p la in tiffs w ere ob ta ined th rough the so lic ita tion of the local b ran ch of th e NAACP and for the pu rpose of estab lish ing and extending the in te re s ts of groups a sso c ia ted to g e th e r u n d er th a t nam e, and sa id p la in tiffs h av e a l low ed th ird p a rtie s to use th e ir position to obtain a red ress of rig h ts for w hich they w ere not p rim arily in te res ted w hen sa id su it w as filed, and sa id su it w ould not have been filed bu t for the p e rsu asio n ex e r cised by sa id th ird p a rtie s . 2. The P la in tiffs have failed and refu sed to exhaust th e ir ad m in is tra tiv e rem ed ies by appea ling to the S ta te C om m issioner of E duca tion a t A ustin as re qu ired by th e provisions of the G ilm er-A iken A ct (A rticle 2654—1, 2, 5, 7 V.A.C.S.). 3. All of the defendan ts deny th e re is any schem e or co n sp iracy to c ircu m v en t or evade th e law or to de p rive any child, s tuden t or o ther person of the ir civil rig h ts The a d m in is tra tiv e s ta ff and the d is tr ic t tru s tees a re now and have been' m ak ing an honest, bona fide, rea lis tic study of the fac ts to m ee t the obliga- 29 tioris the law h a s p laced upon th em to provide ad e quate public school education and to perfec t, a s soon as possible, a w orkab le in te g ra te d sy stem of public education. 4. The Suprem e C ourt of th e U nited S ta te s on M ay 31, 1955, en te red a final o rd e r and decree announcing a d ra s tic change in' legal concep t of school ad m in is tra tio n and p laced upon the D efendan t tru s te e s and officers the necessity of changing ad m in is tra tiv e rou tine, ru les and p rocedu res w hich had been in exis tence for m an y y ea rs , ce rta in ly fro m the beginning of the o rgan ization of the D allas School D istric t. 5. The d istribu tion of s tuden ts to school build ings is rela ted both to the budget exp en d itu res and estim ated costs and also to availab le p h ysica l fac ilities an d calls for the study of m an y o ther p rob lem s. A ccordingly, on Ju ly 13, 1955, the P res id en t of the B oard, issued a s ta tem en t reg a rd in g deseg reg a tio n and outlined tw elve p rob lem s for study, w hich are: “ In o rd e r to be p re p a re d for even tua lities in th is connection, th is B oard of E duca tion m onths ago in structed D r. W. T. W hite, the S up re in ten d en t of Schools of th is D istric t, to proceed w ith a detailed study of the p rob lem s in h e ren t to d eseg reg a tin g a m a jor school system , and these s tud ies a re in p rog ress in' the following a rea s: 30 1. S cholastic boundaries of ind iv idual schools w ith re la tio n to ra c ia l g roups con tained therein . 2. A ge-grade d istribu tion of pupils. 3. A ch ievem en t and s ta te of p rep a red n ess for g rade-level ass ig n m en t of d iffe ren t pupils. 4. R elative in telligence quo tien t scores. 5. A dap ta tion of cu rricu lum . 6. The over-all im pace on ind iv idual pupils schol as tica lly when' all the above item s are considered. 7. A ppoin tm ent and ass ig n m en t of p rinc ipa ls . 8. The re la tiv e degree of p rep ared n ess of w hite and N egro te ach e rs ; th e ir selection and assignm en t. 9. Social life of the ch ild ren w ith in the school. 10. The prob lem s of in teg ra tio n of the P a re n t- T each er A ssociation and the D ads Club o rg an iza tion. 11. The operation of the a th le tic p ro g ra m un d er an in teg ra te d system . 12. F a ir and equ itab le m ethods of pu tting into ef fec t the decree of the S uprem e Court. 31 6. A rev ie w of scho lastic census w as im m ed ia te ly s ta r ted and m ap s im m ed ia te ly p re p a re d to fit the school building cap ac ity to th e a re a p roducing the s tuden ts on the assum ption of a d eseg regated basis. T im e and study a re n ece ssa ry to p ro p erly a lloca te to each school build ing and fac ilities the n u m b er of students w hich can p ro p erly be ta k e n care of a t such locality. The d istribu tion of in h ab itan ts th roughou t the D allas School D is tric t is no t un ifo rm and is fu rth e r com plicated by the fac t th a t c e rta in a re a s , such as com m erc ia l and m a n u fac tu rin g a re a s , p roduce no students, and it is th e re fo re n ece ssa ry to v a ry the a rea and th e lim its of the d is tr ic t w ith in w hich s tu dents sh a ll be a lloca ted to sa id schools. 7. The ass ig n m en t of teach ers , both w hite and negro, m ust be re -exam ined and no defin ite conclusion can be m ad e un til the re -a lig n m en t of d is tr ic ts h as been com pleted and the proportion of w hite and negro scho lastics d e te rm in ed w ithin reaso n ab le lim its. T here is a fu r th e r unsolved p rob lem of the a ttitu d e and d iscip line w hich a negro te a c h e r can a s se r t over w hite children. I t is the opinion of the B oard th a t under the p re sen t s ta te of ag ita tion , s tim u la ted in som e in s tan ces by the ir p a ren ts , w hite ch ildren w ill not su b m it to discipline, d irection and teach in g by negro te ach e rs . This problem m u st be rea lis tic a lly solved and, if not, the position of the negro te ach er 32 w ill su ffer and also th e scho lastic s tand ing of the w hite students. 8. I t is a w ell understood fa c t th a t negro ch ild ren a re m ore a t ease un d er negro te a c h e rs and it is believed a sudden and d ra s tic in troduction of w hite te ach e r p ersonnel in c lassroom s w here th e re a re a su b s tan tia l n um ber of negro ch ild ren w ill re su lt in tension and in te rfe re w ith th e ab ility of th e negro stu d en ts to re ta in in stru c tio n and m ak e ad eq u a te p rog ress. 9. T here re m a in s an unsolved prob lem of the teacher- p a re n t re la tionsh ip . W hite p a re n ts a re to ta lly u n p re p a red a t th is tim e to accep t suggestions a s to how the child m ig h t be benefitted and m ad e m ore re cep tive to in s tru c tio n by th e in stitu tion of ce rta in co rrec tiv e m e a su re s a t hom e w hen these suggestions a re m ade by n eg ro 'te ach e rs . W hite ch ild ren w ill th e re fo re su ffer in' th e ir in s truc tion from th is em otional situation . I t is a w ell known fac t th a t w hite p a re n ts re s is t the suggestions m ad e by w hite te ach e rs and it the re fo re follows th a t negro te a c h e rs un d er the p re s en t conditions w ill be w holly unab le to cope w ith the situation . 10. T here a re now 3600 te a c h e rs in the D allas public school sy stem , of w hich 2900 a re w hite and 700 a re N egro, and to m ee t the contingencies above s ta ted it w ill be n e c e ssa ry to have a la rg e r n u m b er of w hite 33 teachers th an a re now av a ilab le and th e fo rced use of negro te ach e rs in in te g ra te d c lasses w ill re su lt in chaos, confusion and a com plete fa ilu re of in struc tion . It is an ad m itted fa c t th a t in ch ild ren em otional tension, w hether it be p riv a te or of g en era l public na tu re , low ers th e ir receptiven 'ess. The p re se n t em o tional s itua tion h as b rough t about and will b ring about a g en era l s itua tion of tension betw een N egroes and W hites, w hich w ill be re flec ted upon th e ch ild ren in the schools and as a re su lt the reo f both w ill su ffer by reaso n of the fa c t th a t th e ir m e n ta l recep tiveness to in struc tion w ill be low ered. 11. Studies show th a t as a g en e ra l ru le both N egro and White s tuden ts a re in the g rade in which, th ey should be; however, stud ies fu rth e rm o re show th a t basic ach ievem en t of w hite s tuden ts is n o rm a l for the g rad e th a t they a re in, bu t th a t the ach ievem en t s tau s of negroes is genera lly sev e ra l d eg rees low er a the sam e grade. It the re fo re re su lts th a t desegregation will m ean th a t the ach ievem en t level of n'egro and w hite s tu dents in the sam e g rad e w ill be uneven and th a t both will suffer b ecause th e re is no av e rag e instruction . If the level of teach in g is low ered to the ach iev em en t level of N egroes, the w hite s tu d en ts w ill be u n in te r ested and fail to m ak e p ro g ress , and if the in struc tion m eets the level of w hite ch ild ren , it w ill not be u n d er stood by the N egroes and th e ir in s tru c tio n w ill th e re fore suffer. 34 12. The a lte rn a tiv e of p lac ing negro and w hite scho las tics a t the p ro p er ach ievem en t level as to g rad e w ill re su lt in negro ch ild ren of m ore ad v an ced y e a rs being p laced w ith w hite ch ildren of younger age, w hich b rin g s on m an y social p roblem s. The sexual develop m e n t of negro scho lastics is u su a lly m o re advanced th a n th a t of w hite scho lastics a t the sam e age, and th is, added to the age d ifferen tia l, c re a te s an un h ea lth y p ro b lem w hich h as as y e t not been solved. 13. The b es t in te re s ts of both w hite and negro scho las tics req u ire th a t desegregation be not accep ted or pu t into effect fofr the p re sen t scholastic year. 14. W hite s tu d en ts a re not as a m a tte r of rou tine pol icy p e rm itted to go to the n e a re s t school. A ssignm ent to schools is m ad e upon a b asis of population and ava ilab le school fac ilities, and m a y resu lt in a child going to a school o ther th a n the n ea re st. The P la in tiffs p ra y for an in junction req u irin g th a t negro stu d en ts be p erm itted to go to th e n e a re s t school. This, if perm itted , w ould re su lt in a d isc rim i nation ag a in s t w hite students. 15. The prob lem is not a sim ple one of m ere ly d ecree ing th a t all negro and w hite ch ild ren w ith in certa in age lim its and living w ith in p resen tly ex isting school 35 d istric ts be d irected to th e school w hich now serv es the p a r tic u la r d is tr ic t. Such o rd e r would re su lt in overcrow ding of school fac ilitie s or an u n balanced condition in w hich in ce rta in schools th e re w ould be very few studen ts, and the te a c h e r personnel w ould be inadequate or overm anned in c e r ta in p laces. The D allas D is tric t m a in ta in s one h und red tw en ty (120) buildings a t w hich in s tru c tio n is given, and th e re is inheren t in the p rob lem th a t m an y negro p a ren ts would p re fe r to send th e ir ch ild ren to schools w here there is no in term ing ling of the w hite and negro chil dren. This su it is b rought for a ll negro ch ild ren sim i la rly s itu a ted and not for the re la tiv e ly few d irec tly involved as P la in tiff th rough th e ir nex t frien d or p a r ent, and m ean s a com plete w iping out of the s ta tis tica l d a ta w hich has hereto fore concerned the a lloca tion of n u m b er of s tuden ts to each school building. 16. Confusion, chaos and com plete b reakdow n in public school education for both w hite and negro scholastics would re su lt if the p resen t sy stem is not continued for the scho lastic y ea rs 1956-57. P ra y e r . W herefore, p rem ises considered , the D efendan ts re spectfu lly p ra y th a t the te m p o ra ry in junction as p rayed for by the P la in tiffs be denied and th a t upon final h ea rin g all p e rm a n en t in junctive re lie f be denied, and fu rth e r th a t no d e c la ra to ry ju d g m en t of any kind or c h a ra c te r be en tered , and for such o ther and fu r th e r re lie f to w hich the D efendan ts m ay show them - 36 selves en titled , and th a t the costs of th is proceeding be ch a rg ed to the P la in tiffs . A. J . THUSS, (A. J . T huss), A tto rney for D efendan ts. 1122 D avis Building, D allas 2, Texas. C ertifica te of V erification. S ta te of Texas, County of D allas, ss. I, A. J . Thuss, A tto rney for D efendan ts herein , a fte r h av in g been f irs t duly sw orn and accord ing to law , on m y oath depose and say th a t I h ave re a d the fo re going F irs t A m ended A nsw er subsc ribed by m e and know the con ten ts the reo f and th a t the sam e is tru e of m y own know ledge, excep t as to m a tte rs s ta ted to be alleged upon in fo rm ation or belief, and as to th a t, I verily believe it to be true. Subscribed and Sw orn to before m e th is th e .. . day of S ep tem ber, A. D. 1956. N o tary P ub lic in and for D al la s County, Texas. 37 A copy of th is am ended answ er h a s been p laced in the U nited S ta tes m ail, postage paid , p roperly ad dressed to M r. W. J . D u rh am A tto rney a t L aw 2600 F lo ra S tree t D allas, Texas. D E FE N D A N T ’S MOTION FO R ADMISSION OF FACT. F iled Sept. 11, 1956. (T itle O m itted .) The defendants, E dw in L. R ippy, R obert L. D illard , F ran k lin Spafford , M rs. T racy R utherfo rd , V an M. Lam m , M rs. V ernon D. In g ram , Rouse Howell, R ob ert B. G ilm ore, W. A. B lair, T rustees of the D allas Independent School D istric t, the D allas Independen t School D istric t, an educa tiona l fac ility o rgan ized u n der the law s of the S ta te of Texas, R ich ard E . Stroud, W. T. W hite, E lla P a rk e r , W illiam S tanley , J . H. G urley, H ow ard Allen and W. A. H am ilton , req u est the p la in tiffs, A lbert Bell, a m inor, by his s tep -fa ther and nex t friend , Theodore D. D orsey, S an d ra L y n e tta Berkiris, a m inor, by her m o ther and n ex t friend , (M rs.) C harles Berkins, a fem m e sole, H ilda R uth B orders, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , Louie B orders, J r ., S an d ra C raig and P a m e la Boson, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , L aw rence C, Boson, C harles Brow n, a m inor, by his fa th e r and 38 n ex t friend , W alter B row n, J r ., W illiam C. B urton, J r . , a m inor, by h is fa th e r and nex t friend , W illiam C. B urton , Sh irley A nn Bush, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , F ra n k ie L. Buse, R ay fo rd Cooks, a m inor, by h is fa th e r and n ex t friend , R o b ert Cooks, B illie M arie Cox, a m inor, by h e r s tep -fa ther and n ex t friend, Veil Snowden, H elen J e a n G ipson, a m inor, by h e r m o th e r and n ex t friend , L uenda G ip son, a fem m e sole, C harlene G oldstein, a m inor, by h e r m other and n ex t friend , W illie M ae Goldstein', a fem m e sole, O scar W illie H aw kins, a m inor, by his fa th e r and nex t friend , O scar H aw kins, Carol, Cheyel and R onald H urdle, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , E lm e r D. H urdle, Ollie P e a r l Ivy, a m inor, by h e r m other and n ex t friend , Iren e Ivy, a fem m e sole, John' A rv ie Lew is, a m inor, by his s tep -fa th e r and n ex t friend , G eorge F ie lds, M ilton M cD aniel, a m inor, by h is fa th e r and n ex t friend, W illiam M c D aniel, D iann M urphy, a m inor, by her g ran d m o th e r and n ex t friend , (M rs.) S. L. Neely, a fem m e sole, L. L aw rence Nelson, II, a m inor, by his fa th e r and nex t friend , Clyde D. Nelson, Alonzo D. N ickerson, J r ., a m inor, by his fa th e r and n ex t friend, Alonzo D. N ickerson, Sr., R osa Sharon and M aude Lois Sim s, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , (R ev.) P au l A. Sim s, M ary Ann S lider, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , L. G. S lider, D au rity G. Sm ith, a m inor, by his fa th e r and n ex t friend , Leo M. Sm ith, Ju lia A nn V ickers, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and nex t friend , S earcy E. V ickers, and Joe A rth u r W illiam s, a m inor, by his fa th e r and n ex t friend , H e rb e rt Wil liam s, w ith in eleven (11) days a fte r serv ice of th is re quest to m ak e the following adm issions for the p u r pose of th is action only and su b jec t to all pertinen t objections to adm issib ility w hich m ay be in terposed a t the tr ia l: 1 . T hat the P la in tiffs , ac tin g ind iv idually or as a group before the filing of th is action did not appea l to the State C om m issioner of E duca tion of the S ta te of T ex as from, the decision' of the T ru stees of the D allas In dependent School D is tric t refusing to deseg reg a te any school w ith in sa id d is tric t. 2. T hat a ll of the P la in tiffs , ind iv idually or as a group, have not as of the da te hereof, to-wit, the 10th. day of Septem ber, 1956, app ea led to the S ta te C om m issioner of E ducation from any decision, finding or o rd e r of the T ru stees of the D allas Independen t School D is tr ic t refusing to d eseg reg a te a ll schools w ith in the ju risd ic tion of the D allas Independen t School D istric t. 3. T hat no appeal, petition or rem o n s tra n c e h a s been filed w ith the S ta te C om m issioner of E du ca tio n of the S ta te of T exas b ecause of the fa ilu re of the T ru stees of the D allas Independent School D istric t to rev ise its ru les , w hich now req u ire the a tten d an c e of N egro children of scholastic age a t c e rta in seg reg a ted schools and the m a in ten an ce of s e p a ra te schools for w hite scho lastics and Negro scholastics. 40 4. T h a t no appeal, petition or re m o n s tra n c e h as been filed w ith the S ta te B oard of E d u ca tio n of th e S ta te of T exas b ecause of the fa ilu re of the T ru s tee s of the D allas Independen t School D is tr ic t to rev ise its ru les , w hich now req u ire the a tten d an c e of N egro ch ild ren of scho lastic age a t c e r ta in seg reg a ted schools and the m a in ten a n ce of s e p a ra te schools fo r w hite schol as tic s and N egro scho lastics. A. J . THUSS, (A. J . T huss), A tto rney for D efendants. 1122 D avis Bldg., D allas 2, T exas. I h e reb y certify th a t I did on' th is the 11 d ay of S ep tem ber, 1956, p lace a copy of th is m otion in the U nited S ta te s m ail, postage paid , ad d re ssed to Mr. U. S im pson T ate , 2600 F lo ra St., D allas, T exas, A t to rn ey of R eco rd for the P la in tiffs . A. J . THUSS, (A. J . T huss). P L A IN T IF F S ’ R E P L Y TO R EQ U EST FO R ADM IS SION O F FACTS. F iled Sept. 18, 1956. (T itle O m itted .) Com e now the D efendan ts and each of them and in an sw er to the P la in tiffs ’ req u es t for adm issions, here- 41 tofore on the 19th day of S ep tem ber, 1956, se rv ed in the above s ta te d m a tte r , say: 1 In' an sw er to R eq u est No. 1 the D efendan ts s ta te th a t the pow ers and duties of the B oard of T ru stee s a re se t fo rth in th e S ta tu te s of the S ta te of Texas, Title 49, and the re q u e s t does not involve an ad m is sion of fac t, bu t one of law . The D efendan ts a re not requ ired nor p erm itted to m ak e adm issions of law. 2 . The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 2 in the req u es t for a d m issions is adm itted . 3. The tru th of s ta tem en t No. 3 in the req u es t for ad m issions is adm itted . 4. The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 4 in' the req u es t for ad m issions is adm itted . 5. The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 5 in the req u est for ad m issions is adm itted . 6. In response to the req u es t to ad m it s ta te m e n t No. 6, the tru th of the s ta tem en t is denied as the B oard 42 of T ru stee s h a s n ev er ta k en th e position of e ith e r ignoring or defying the ru ling and au th o rity of the S up rem e C ourt of the U nited S ta te s as ann'ounced in th e case of B row n vs. School B oard. The D efendan ts h av e been faced w ith the necessity of m ak in g an o rderly change from a se g re g a te d sy s te m w hich h a s ex isted for m ore th a n th ree q u a rte rs of a cen tury . F o r the pu rpose of p ro tec tin g th e safe ty of a ll scho lastics, N egro and w hite, and to m a in ta in a h igh o rd e r of educa tion fo r N egroes and w hites w ith out d iscrim ination ', th e tru s tees have been fo rced to re ta in a se g re g a te d sy stem for the p re se n t in o rder to solve the v a rie d local school p rob lem s and a t the sam e tim e im p lem en t th e constitu tional provisions announced by the S up rem e Court. 7. In response to the re q u e s t to ad m it s ta te m e n t No. 7, the tru th of th e s ta te m e n t is denied as th e B oard of T ru s tee s h as n ev er taken ' the position of e ither igno r ing or defying th e ru ling and au th o rity of the S up rem e C ourt of th e U nited S ta tes as announced in th e case of B row n vs. School B oard. The D efendants h ave been faced w ith the necessity of m ak ing an o rd erly change from a seg reg a ted sy s te m w hich h as ex isted for m ore th a n th ree q u a r te rs of a cen tu ry . F o r th e pu rpose of p ro tec tin g the sa fe ty of a ll scho lastics , N egro and w hite , and to m a in ta in a h igh o rd e r of education for N egroes and w hites w ithou t d iscrim ination , the tru s te e s have been fo rced to re ta in a seg reg a ted sy stem for th e p re sen t in order to solve the v a rie d local school p rob lem s and a t the 43 sam e tim e im plem ent th e constitu tional provisions announced by th e S uprem e Court. 8 . In resp o n se to the re q u e s t to ad m it s ta te m e n t No. 8, the tru th of the s ta te m e n t is denied as the B o ard of T rustees h a s never taken ' the posiion of e ith e r igno r ing or defying the ru ling and au th o rity of the S up rem e Court of the U nited S ta te s as announced in th e case of Brow n1 vs. School B oard. The D efendan ts h av e been faced w ith the necessity of m ak in g an o rderly change fro m a se g re g a te d sy s tem, w hich h as ex isted for m ore th a n th ree q u a rte rs of a cen tu ry . F o r the pu rpose of pro tecting th e sa fe ty of all scho lastics, N egro an d w hite, and to m a in ta in a h igh o rd e r of education for N egroes and w hites w ith out d iscrim ination , the tru s te e s have been forced, to re ta in a seg reg a ted sy stem for the p re se n t in o rder to solve the v a rie d local school p rob lem s and a t the sam e tim e im plem en t the constitu tional provisions announced by th e S uprem e Court. 9. In response to the req u est to ad m it s ta te m e n t No. 9, the tru th of the s ta te m e n t is denied as the B oard of T ru s tee s has n ev er ta k en the position of e ith er ignoring or defying the ru ling and au th o rity of the S uprem e Court of th e U nited S ta tes as announced in the case of Brow n vs. School B oard. The D efendan ts have been faced w ith the necessity of m ak ing an o rderly change from a seg reg a ted sys- 44 tern w hich h a s ex isted for m o re th a n th re e q u a r te rs of a cen tu ry . F o r the pu rpose of p ro tec ting th e safe ty of a ll scho lastics , N egro and w hite , and to m a in ta in a h igh o rd e r of eduation for N egroes and w hites w ith out d iscrim ination , the tru s te e s h ave been fo rced to re ta in a seg reg a ted sy stem for th e p re se n t in o rd e r to solve the v a rie d local school p rob lem s and a t the sam e tim e im p lem en t the constitu tional p rov isions announced by the S up rem e Court. 10. In response to the re q u e s t to ad m it s ta tem en t No. 10, he tru h of he s ta tem en t is den ied as the B oard of T ru stees h as n ev er ta k e n the position of e ith e r ig no ring or defying the ru ling and au th o rity of th e S up rem e C ourt of th e U nited S ta tes as announced in the case of B row n vs. School B oard. The D efendan ts h ave been faced w ith th e necessity of m ak in g an o rd e rly change fro m a seg reg a ted sy s te m w hich h a s ex isted for m o re th a n th re e q u a rte rs of a cen tu ry . F o r th e pu rpose of p ro tec ting th e sa fe ty of all scho lastics, N egro and w hites w ithout d isc rim i nation , the tru s te e s have b een fo rced to r e ta in a se g re g a te d sy s te m for th e p resen t in o rd e r to solve the v a rie d local school p rob lem s and a t the s a m e tim e im p lem en t the constitu tional provisions an nounced by the S uprem e Court. 11. In response to the re q u e s t to ad m it s ta te m e n t No. 11, th e tru th of th e s ta te m e n t is denied as the B oard of T rustees h as never ta k e n the position of e ither 45 ignoring or defying the ru ling and au th o rity of the Suprem e C ourt of th e U nited S ta tes as announced in the case of Brown' vs. School Board. The D efendan ts h av e been faced w ith the necessity of m ak ing an o rderly ch an g e fro m a seg reg a ted sys tem w hich h as ex isted for m ore than, th ree q u a r te rs of a cen tury . F o r th e p u rpose of p ro tec tin g th e safe ty of all scho lastics, N egro and w hites w ithou t d isc rim i nation, th e tru s te e s h av e b een fo rced to re ta in a seg regated sy stem for the p re se n t in o rd e r to solve the varied local school p ro b lem s and a t the sam e tim e im p lem en t the constitu tional prov isions announced by the S up rem e Court. 12. In response to th e re q u e s t to ad m it s ta te m e n t No. 12, the tru th of th e s ta te m e n t is denied as the B oard of T ru stees h a s never ta k en the position of e ith e r ignoring or defying the ru ling and au th o rity of the S uprem e C ourt of the U nited S ta tes as announced in the case of Brown' vs. School Board. The D efendants have been faced w ith th e necessity of m ak ing an o rd erly change from a seg reg a ted sy s tem w hich h as ex isted for m ore th a n th ree q u a rte rs of a cen tu ry . F o r th e pu rpose of p ro tec ting the sa fe ty of all sch o lastics , N egro and w hite, and to m a in ta in a high o rd e r of education for N egroes and w hites w ithout d iscrim ination , the tru s te e s h av e been forced to re ta in a seg reg a ted sy stem for the p resen t in o rder to solve the v a rie d local school p rob lem s and a t the sam e tim e im p lem en t the constitu tional provisions announced by the S uprem e Court. 46 13. The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 13 in the re q u e s t for ad m issions is adm ited . 14. The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 14 in the re q u e s t fo r a d m issions is adm itted . A. J . THUSS, (A. J . T huss), A tto rney fo r D efendan ts. 1122 D avis B ldg., D allas 2, Texas. A ffidavit. S ta te of T exas, County of D allas. Before Me, the unders ig n ed au th o rity , on th is day p erso n a lly ap p ea red A. J . Thuss, who, be in g duly sw o rn by m e, sa id th a t he h as read, the foregoing rep ly to re q u e s t for adm ission of fac ts ; th a t the con te n ts of sam e a re know n to h im and th a t th ey a re tru e of h is own know ledge. A. J . THUSS, (A. J . T huss). S ubscribed and Sw orn to before m e, th is 25 day of S ep tem ber, A. D. 1956. NORA R E V E L L E , N o tary Public , D allas County, T exas. (Seal) 47 P L A IN T IF F S ’ R E Q U E ST FO R ADM ISSION OF FACTS. F iled Sept. 18, 1956. (T itle O m itted .) The p la in tiff A lbert Bell, and the tw en ty -th ree (23) o ther p la in tiffs n am ed in the orig inal co m p la in t filed herein , re q u e s t the defendan t D r. E dw in L. R ippy, and the s ix teen (16) o ther defendan ts n am ed in the orig inal com pla in t filed here in , to m ak e the following adm issions for the p u rposes of th is ac tion only and su b jec t to all p e rtin en t objections to adm issib ility w hich m a y be in terposed a t tr ia l, w ith in ten days a fte r serv ice of th is req u es t upon them : I. T hat the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Indepen dent School D is tr ic t is a body corporate , m ad e so by T exas law ; th a t the sa id B oard of T ru stees is vested w ith pow er and au th o rity to m a n ag e and con tro l the public schools un d er its supervision and control; th a t the sa id B oard of T ru stee s h as pow er and a u th o rity to adopt ru les and regu la tions, and by-law s, including the adm ission of s tuden ts to the public schools un d er th e ir con tro l and to e ffec tu a te policies of the said Board. II. T hat D r. E dw in L. R ippy is a citizen of the United S tates and of th e S ta te of T exas, dom iciled a t D al las, T exas; th a t he is th e duly elected , qualified and 48 ac tin g P re s id e n t of th e B oard of T ru s tee s of th e D allas Independen t School D istric t. III. T h a t W. A. B la ir, R o b ert L. D illa rd , J r . , R o b ert B. G ilm ore, Rouse Howell, (M rs.) V ernon D . In 'g ram , V ance M. L am m , (M rs.) T racy H. R u th e rfo rd and F ra n k lin E . Spafford a re , each of them , citizens of the U nited S ta tes and of th e S ta te of T exas, dom i ciled a t D allas, T exas, and th a t th ey a r e th e duly elected , qualified and ac tin g m e m b e rs of the B oard of T ru s tee s of the D allas In d ep en d en t School D istric t. IV. T hat Dr. W. T. W hite is a citizen of th e U nited S ta te s and of the S ta te of T exas, dom iciled a t D allas, T exas, and he is th e duly elected, qualified and a c t ing S uperin tenden t of th e P ub lic Schools w ith in the D allas Independen t School D istric t. V. T h a t on th e 5th day of S ep tem b er, 1955, H ow ard A. A llen w as p rin c ip a l of th e W. H. A dam son H igh School, th a t R. E . S troud w as p rin c ip a l of th e T hom as J . R usk Ju n io r H igh School, th a t E lla E . P a rk e r w as p rin c ip a l of the John H enry B row n E le m e n ta ry School th a t J . H. G urley w as p rin c ip a l of th e M aple L aw n E le m e n ta ry School, th a t W. A. H am ilton w as p rin c ipa l of the M irabeau B. L a m a r E le m e n ta ry School, th a t W illiam H. S tan ley w as p rin c ip a l of th e T hom as A. E d ison E le m e n ta ry School, in the D allas Indepen dent School D is tric t; th a t th ey are , each of them , 49 citizens of th e U nited S ta tes and of th e S ta te of Texas, dom iciled a D allas, Texas. VI. T hat on the 5th day of S ep tem ber, 1955, the p la in tiffs C harles Brow n, R ay fo rd Cooks, W illiam C. B u r ton, J r . , Alonzo D. N ickerson , Jr., S an d ra C raig and P a m e la Boson and L. L aw ren ce N elson, II, m ad e app lication to th e M aple L aw n E le m e n ta ry School and th a t they w ere denied adm ission by its p rin c i pal b ecau se of th e ir ra c e and color. VII. T h a t on the 5th day of Sep tem ber, 1955, th e p la in tiffs M ary Ann Slider, D iann M urphy, H elen Je a n Gipson, Jo h n A rvis Lew is, A lbert Bell, H ilda R u th B orders, C harlene G oldstein and Ju lia A nn V ickers, m ade app lica tio n to th e W. H. A dam son H igh School and w ere denied adm ission by its p rin c ip a l b ecau se of th e ir ra c e and color. VIII. T hat on the 5t,h day of S ep tem ber, 1955, the p la in tiffs Joe A rth u r W illiam s, Rose Sharon and M aude Lois S im s, D au rity G. Sm ith, S an d ra L y n e tta B er- kins, C arol, Cheyel and R onald H urd le and Billie M arie Cox, m ad e app lica tion to the John H enry Brow n E le m e n ta ry School and we’re re fu sed ad m is sion by its p rin c ip a l b ecau se of the ir ra c e and color. 50 IX. T h a t on the 5th day of S ep tem b er, 1955, the p la in tiffs Ollie P e a r l Ivy and O scar W illie H aw kins m ad e ap p lica tio n to th e T hom as A. E d ison E le m e n ta ry School and w ere denied adm ission by its p rin c ip a l b ecau se of the ir ra c e and color. X. T h a t on the 5th day of S ep tem ber, 1955, th e p la in tiff M ilton M cD aniel m ad e ap p lica tion to the M ira- b eau B. L a m a r E le m e n ta ry School and w as denied adm ission by its p rin c ip a l b ecause of h is ra c e and color. XI. T hat ori the 5th d ay of S ep tem ber, 1955, th e p la in tiff Sh irley A nn B ush m ad e app lica tion to the T hom as J . R usk Ju n io r H igh School and w as denied a d m is sion by its p rin c ip a l because of h e r ra c e and color. XII. T h a t the B oard of T ru s tee s of the D allas Indepen d en t School D istric t h a s m ad e and adopted ru les and reg u la tio n s provid ing for the seg reg a tio n of th e ra c e s in the public schools u n d er th e ir control, an'd h a s en forced such ru les and reg u la tio n s ag a in s t th e p la in tiffs n am ed h e re in on accoun t of the ir ra c e and color an d th a t such ru les and reg u la tio n s a re still in force and a re now being enforced again 'st th e p la in tiffs and the m e m b ers of the c lass of p erso n s th a t they re p re sent b ecau se of th e ir ra c e and color. 51 X III. T hat the above n am ed schools a re public schools in the D allas In dependen t School D is tric t and un d er the superv ision and contro l of the B oard of T ru s tee s of the D allas In dependen t School D istric t. XIV. T hat the 5th d ay of S ep tem ber, 1955, w as a re g u la r day of reg is tra tio n ' in the public schools in the D allas Independent School D istric t. U. SIM PSON TATE, (U. S im pson T a te ), One of the A tto rneys for P lain tiffs . C ertification. I, U. Som pson Tate, one of the a tto rn ey s fo r the p la in tiffs here in , do hereby certify th a t I p laced on this 18th d ay of S ep tem ber, 1956, in th e U nited S ta tes M ail postage paid, a copy of the foregoing req u est for adm ission of F a c ts , ad d re ssed to th e H onorable A. J . Thuss, 1122 D avis Building, D allas, T exas, A t to rney for D efendants. U. SIM PSON TATE, (U. S im pson T a te ). 2600 F lo ra S treet, D allas, Texas. 52 D E F E N D A N T S ’ R E P L Y TO R E Q U E ST FO R AD MISSION O F FACTS, F iled Sept. 25, 1956. (T itle O m itted .) S ta te of Texas, County of D allas, ss. The P la in tiffs h e re in m ak e the following s ta te m e n t in response to th e re q u e s t of defendan ts for adm ission of fac ts se rv ed upon th em by defen d an ts on. the 11th day of S ep tem b er, A. D. 1956: I. They deny the tru th of the m a tte rs se t fo rth in P a ra g ra p h s 1, 2, 3 and 4, of the a fo resa id request. II. P la in tiffs w ill show the Court th a t before th e filing of th is cause, th e ir duly au thorized re p re se n ta tiv e s filed a pe tition w ith the B oard of T rustees of th e D al la s In dependen t School D is tric t specifically req u es t ing th em to d eseg reg a te the public schools u n d er th e ir superv ision and control; th a t the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Independent School D is tric t uncondition ally denied p la in tiffs ’ req u es t; th a t th e re a f te r , on the 21st day of June , 1955, th e ir duly au thorized re p re sen ta tiv es filed a petition' w ith the C om m issioner of E d u ca tio n and the S ta te B oard of E d u ca tio n of T exas, w hich petition specifically petitioned the C om m ission er of E duca tion and M em bers of the B oard of E d u c a tion of the S ta te of T exas: 53 “ 1. T hat you adv ise the school d is tr ic ts u n d er your ju risd iction : “ (a) of th e n a tu re and effect of the responsib ility th a t is p laced upon th em by the decrees of th e Su p rem e C ourt of the U nited S ta tes; “ (b) of the n a tu re and effect of the responsib ility th a t is p laced upon' you, as o fficers of th e S ta te , by the d ec re es of th e S up rem e Court of the U nited S ta tes; “ (c) of th e fo rce and effect of the d ecrees of the Suprem e C ourt of the U nited S ta tes upon th e S ta te and L ocal law s w ith re sp ec t to ra c ia l seg reg a tio n in the field of public education. “ 2. T hat you adv ise the school d is tr ic ts u n d er your ju risd ic tio n th a t the d ec rees of the S up rem e C ourt of the U nited S ta tes of M ay 17, 1954 and M ay 31, 1955, place upon th e m an a ff irm a tiv e duty and resp o n sib il ity to a c t p rom ptly and in ‘good fa ith ’ to m ak e and effectuate p lans for the im p lem en ta tio n of th ese de crees. “ 3. T h a t th is H onorable B oard p ro m u lg a te and is sue a c le a r and concise s ta te m e n t of policy w ith r e spect to its du ty and responsib ility in th e p rem ises; th a t th a t policy be consisen t w ith the constitu tional p rincip les se t forth in the C ourt’s decrees. “ 4. T hat th is B oard com m and and use all of its pow ers, au th o rity and p re ro g a tiv es to p re ss fo r p ro m p t and effic ien t com pliance w ith the C ourt’s decrees; and th a t a ll of those pow ers, au th o rities and p re ro g a tives be com m anded and used to p reven t any willful, 54 o r ca lcu la ted action by school d is tr ic ts u n d er your ju risd ic tio n to avoid, im pede or c irc u m v en t the fu ll rea liza tio n of th e sp ir it an d p u rpose of th e C o u rt’s d e c re e s .” III. P la in tiffs w ill show the C ourt th a t before the filing of th is cau se th a t th e ir duly au tho rized re p re s e n ta tives personally ap p e a re d before the C om m issioner of E d u ca tio n and th e S ta te B oard of E d u ca tio n of T exas on the 4th day of Ju ly , 1955, and m ad e an o ra l ap p ea l to them , and each of them , a t w hich tim e th e action of th e B oard of T ru stees of the D allas In d e p enden t School D is tric t w as specifica lly ca lled to the a tten tio n of the C om m issioner of E duca tion and the B oard of E d u ca tio n of the S ta te of T exas and re lie f th e re fro m w as p rayed . IV. P la in tiffs w ill fu r th e r show th e C ourt th a t th e S ta te B oard of E ducation of T exas, then and there , ori the 4th day of Ju ly , 1955, adop ted a reso lu tion in w hich the policies of the B oard w ere p la in ly and succinc tly dec la red . The reso lu tion read s in p a rt: ” 3. N either the S ta te B oard of E duca tion , nor the C om m issioner of E ducation , nor th e s ta ff of the S ta te D e p a rtm e n t of E duca tion sha ll su g g est or d irec t the action w hich county and local school officials should take . In stead , any consu ltan t a s s is tan ce re n d e re d shall be to w ard im p lem en ting locally o rig inated p la n s .” U. SIM PSO N TATE, (U. S im pson T a te ), One of the A tto rneys for P lain tiffs . 55 A ffidavit. B efore Me, the u n d ers ig n ed au tho rity , on th is day personally ap p e a re d U. S im pson T ate, who, being duly sw orn by m e, sa id th a t he h as re a d the foregoing rep ly to re q u e s t for ad m issio n of F a c ts ; th a t the con ten ts of sam e a re known' to him. and th a t they a re tru e of h is own know ledge. U. SIM PSON TATE, (U. S im pson T ate). Sw orn to and S ubscribed before m e, th is 18th day of S ep tem ber, 1956. (S.) M. E. WALTON, (Seal) N o tary P ub lic in and for D al la s County, T exas. In the D istric t C ourt of th e U nited S ta tes for the N o rth ern D is tric t of T exas, D allas Division. A lbert Bell, a m inor, by his S tep -fa th er and N ex t F rien d , T heodore D. D orsey, and 23 o ther P la in tiffs, vs. Civil No. 6165. Dr. E dw in L, R ippy, as P res id en t of the B oard of T ru s tee s of the D allas Independen t School D is tr ic t, D allas County, Texas, and 16 o ther D efend ants. Be I t R em em b ere d th a t on the 19th day of D ecem ber, 1956, before the H onorable W illiam H. Atwell, U nited S ta tes D is tric t Judge , the following proceed- 56 ings w ere h ad in the above sty led and n u m b ered cause: A ppearances: M r. W. J . D urham , M r. C. B. B unkley, J r ., M r. Louis B edford, Mr. U. S im pson T ate, D allas, T exas, A ppearing for P la in tiffs M r. A. J . Thuss, J r . , D allas, T exas, A ppearing for D efendan ts. P roceed ings. The Court: All righ t. A ny o ther fo rm a l o rd ers , gen tlem en? If not, you w ill ca ll the m a tte r s set fo r today. The C lerk: 6165, A lb ert Bell, a m inor, by his S tep -fa th e r and N ex t F rien d , Theodore D. D orsey, and 23 o ther P la in tiffs ag a in s t D r. E dw in L. R ippy, as P re s id e n t of the B o ard of T ru s tee s of the D allas Independent School D is tric t, D allas County, T exas, and 16 o th e r D efend an ts . U. S im pson T ate for th e P la in tiffs , A. J . Thuss, J r . fo r th e D efendants. The Court: W hat is th a t num b er? The C lerk: 6165. The Court: Yes. 6165. W hat say s the P la in tiffs? 57 Mr. D urham : P la in tiff is read y , Y our Honor. The Court: W hat say s th e D efendan ts? Mr. Thuss: D efendan t is read y , Y our Honor. The Court: Do you h av e som e w itnesses you w ish sw orn, gen tle m en? Mr. D urham : We do, Y our Honor. The Court: All righ t. C all them around a t th is tim e. The M arshal: Call the ir n am es out, p lease . As your n am e is called, com e around and line up beside the b a r and be sworn. Mr. B unkley: P a u l A. Sim s, F ra n k ie L. Bush, E lm e r D. H urdle, L. G. S lider, M rs. Leo Sm ith, Louie B orders, M rs. S. L. N eeley, M rs. Ollie P e a r l Ivy, Willie M ae Gold stein, M rs. I ra N elson, T. W. Brow ne, D r. H enderson. The Court: W ait a m inu te. A ny w itnesses for the o ther side? Mr. Thuss: Yes, sir. D r. W. T. W hite. M r. Brow ne has a lre ad y been called . M r. H elton and M r. H om er F u lle r. I h ad 58 a buspoena for E dw in C. W ashington, our H onor, and I u n d e rs ta n d fro m M r. T a te th a t he is not here ; th a t he is in A rk an sas . I believe th a t is all. The Court: Is M r. R ippy h ere? M r. Thuss: Y es, D r. R ippy is h ere , Your Honor. The Court: C all your w itnesses around , gentlem en. L e t’s m ove on. M r. B unkley: John A llen, J . H. G urley, M iss P a rk e r , M r. S tan ley , and M r. Stroud. The C ourt: All righ t. S w ear the w itnesses. The C lerk: Hold up your rig h t hands. (W itnesses sw orn.) The Court: Now, w hom w ill you have in fo r the P la in tiffs? M r. D urham : Y our H onor, m ost of our w itnesses excep t about five a re P la in tiffs . The Court: W ell, w e c a n ’t le t them s ta y in here . The P la in tiffs can' s tay in, of course. 59 Mr. D urham : And w e w ill ca ll off those w ho a re not P la in tiffs . The Court: How is th a t? Mr. D urham : All of our w itnesses ex cep t abou t five a re P la in tiffs , and w e w ill ca ll off the n am es of th e w itnesses who a re not P la in tiffs . The Court: Well, th ey know th a t. A nd who w ill you have in, now, for the D efendan t? Mr. Thuss: Y our Honor, D r. W hite is a D efendan t and D r. R ippy, and all of th e o th e rs can go out; they a re not parties . The Court: How is th a t? Mr. Thuss: Dr. W hite is a p a r ty D efendan t and D r. R ippy. M r. H elton and M r. F u lle r and M r. B row ne should not stay in th e room. The Court: All righ t. L et those w hom the a tto rn ey s h ave not called ju s t now step outside of the Court room and hold you rse lves in' re ad in ess to com e in and tesify if and w hen the M arshal h as ca lled you, and w hile you a re out there , don’t ta lk am ong yourselves abou t w hat your te stim o n y h as been or w hat it w ill be. If e ith e r 60 of the a tto rn ey s w ish to sp eak w ith you, you m a y do th a t, of course; b u t do th a t only in the p re sen ce of an o fficer of the C ourt. All righ t. S tep out, now. The M arshal: All P la in tiffs m ay re m a in in. The Court: Now, you h av e got too m an y w itnesses, gen tlem en . I am not going to allow them, all to be used . Does the P la in tiff c a re to m ak e any s ta tem en t? M r. D urham : Y our Honor, I don’t w an t to ta k e up the tim e of the Court. I th ink the C ourt is fa m ilia r w ith th e p le ad ings. The Court: D oes the D efendan t ca re to m ak e any s ta te m e n t? M r. Thuss: No, Y our H onor. The p lead ings h av e been on file fo r som e tim e, and I a m su re Y our H onor know s them . The Court: All righ t. C all your f irs t w itness M r. B unkley: R ev eren d Sim s. 61 PAU L A. SIMS, being f irs t duly sw orn, te stified on his oath as follows: D irec t E x am in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. S ta te you r n am e, p lease. A. R ev eren d P a u l A. Sim s. Q. And w here do you live, R everend S im s? A. 2310 South B oulevard , D allas, Texas. Q. An'd is th a t in the C ity lim its of th e City of D allas? A. T hat is. Q. A nd do you h av e any ch ild ren? A. I do. Q. W hat a re th e ir n am es? A. R osa Sharon and M aude Lois S im s a re school age, and tw o younger ones. Q. And how old is R osa Sharon? A. R osa Sharon is ten. Q. W hat g rad e? A. F o u rth g rade. Q- How old is M aude Lois? A. She is nine, fou rth g rade . Q. Now, do you know w here Jo h n H enry B row n E le m e n ta ry School is located? A. I do. Q. Now, w ith re fe ren ce to w here you w ere living during the m onth of S ep tem ber, 1955, how fa r is it from Jo h n H enry Brow n School fro m your hom e? A. T hree and a h a lf to fou r blocks. Q. A re your ch ild ren going to school now? A. They are . Q. Did they go to school in 1955? A. T hey did. 62 Q. To w h a t school? A. T hey w en t to C harles R ice E le m e n ta ry School. Q. Now, w ith re fe ren c e to w here you w ere living in ’55, how fa r is C harles R ice School fro m you? A. About eighteen blocks ac ro ss busy tra ffic . Q. Now, R everend S im s, did you a tten d or go to Jo h n H enry B row n E le m e n ta ry School in S ep tem b er of 1955 for th e purpose of en te rin g your tw o ch ild ren in th e school? A. I did. Q. And w ith w hom did you ta lk? A. I ta lk ed f irs t w ith a c le rk in the office and th en w ith M iss E lla P a rk e r . Q. And w ere you p e rm itte d to en te r your ch ild ren in school? A. I w as not. Q. W ere you told w hy you cou ldn’t? A. I w as. I w as in s is ten t on finding out w hy, and th e re fo re I ta lk ed w ith the p rin c ip a l, M iss P a rk e r . She to ld m e th a t a ll school p rin c ip a ls h ad a d irec tiv e fro m th e School B oard say ing th a t no negro ch ild ren could go to school w ith th e w hites, and no w hite p r in c ipa l could allow negro studen ts to go to school w ith w hites and vice v ersa . Q. Did she show you the d irec tive? A. She did. Q. Did you re a d it? A. I did. Q. Now, w ere you denied th e rig h t to en te r your children ' in Jo h n H enry B row n School b ecau se they w ere negroes? A. I ask ed h e r if th a t w as the reason , and she sa id yes. Q. You a re a m e m b er of the negro race ? A. I am . 63 Q. And your ch ild ren a re m e m b ers of the negro race? A. They a re . Mr. D urham : T hat is all. The Court: Any cross, gentlem en? Mr. Thuss: Yes, Y our H onor. C ross E xam in a tio n . By M r. Thuss: Q. Y our filing of th is su it w as th rough the NAACP, w as it not; th ey se lec ted th e a tto rn ey s? A. O rig inally , yes. Mr. Thuss: T hat is all. The Court: All righ t. Call your n ex t w itness. Mr. D urham : Y our H onor, ju s t one question, if it p lease the Court. R e-D irec t E xam in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. Did you au thorize the loca l b ran ch of the NAACP to h ire your law yer? A. Yes. 64 Q. A nd h av e you since approved the h irin g of th a t law y er? A. I have, M r. D urh am : T h a t is all. M r. Thuss: No fu r th e r cross, Y our Honor. M r. D urham : M r. H urdle , p lease . E L M E R D. H U R D LE , being f ir s t duly sw orn, te s t i fied on h is o a th as follows: D irec t E x am in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. S ta te your n am e , please. A. E lm e r D. H urdle. The C ourt: W ait a m inu te. Now, sp eak out so I can h e a r you. A. E lm e r D. H urdle. The Court: W ait a m inu te. Now, w h at is your n am e? The W itness: E lm er D .—in itia l D. H urcle. 65 The Court: Irv ing? The W itness: H urdle. H urdle. Mr. D urh am : (Spelling) H-u-r-d-l-e, Your Honor. The Court: (Spelling) H-u-r-p-l-e? Mr. D urham : (Spelling) H -u-r d-l-e. The Court: (Spelling) H-u-r-b-l-e? The W itness: (Spelling) Hu-r-d-l-e. Mr. D urham : Y our H onor, it is “ d ” , “ d ” . The Court: “ D ” ? Mr. D urh am : Yes. The Court: All righ t. T hank you. 66 (B y M r. D u rh am ): Q. W here do you live, M r. H urd le? A. 2710 P a rk Row. Q. Is th a t in the City of D allas? A. Y es, sir. Q. Is it in the city lim its of D allas? A. Yes, sir. Q. Do you h av e any ch ild ren? A. Y es, sir. Q. A nd how m an y ch ild ren do you have, Mr. H urd le? A. I h av e th re e in school age. Q. A nd did th ey a ttend school du rin g the y e a r of 1955? A. Yes, sir. Q- And w h at school d id they a tten d ? A. C harles R ice. Q. Now, w ith re fe ren c e to w here you lived in Sep- te m b e r of 1955, how fa r is the C harles R ice School located from you? A. I t is around fifteen or tw enty blocks. Q. Now, w h a t g rad e is your o ldest child in? A. Seventh. Q. And the n ex t child? A. Seventh. Q. A nd a re those tw ins? A. T hat is righ t. Q. And did you have an o th er child a tten d in g school? A. Y es, I did. Q- And w h at w as th a t ch ild ’s n am e? A. R onald. Q. A nd now, did you m ak e an effo rt to en ter your ch ild ren du ring the m onth of S ep tem ber, 1955 in the John H enry B row n School in th e C ity of D allas? 67 A, Y es, sir. Q, A nd did you ta lk w ith anyone? A. Yes, sir. Q. And w ith w hom did you ta lk ? A. I ta lk ed w ith the p rin c ip a l of the school th e re a t John H enry Brown', M iss P a rk e r . Q. A nd w ere your ch ild ren p e rm itted to e n te r and enroll in th a t school? A. No. Q. And did anyone te ll you w hy? A. W ell, M iss P a rk e r le t u s re a d a s ta te m e n t from the School B oard say ing th a t negro and w hite chil dren w a sn ’t p e rm itte d to a tten d school to g e th e r now. Q. Then, w ere your children' re fu sed en tra n ce in th a t school? A. No. Q. I say w ere they re fu sed en tran ce . W ere they? A. yes, sir. Q. W as there any o ther negro citizen th e re a t th a t tim e? A. Y es, sir. Q. W ould you n am e th em ? A. R ev eren d P a u l S im s and M rs. Sm ith , and M rs. Hill. I don’t know the o thers. T here m a y h av e been others. Q. Do you know M rs. Leo Sm ith? A. I do now. Q. Is sh e a m e m b e r of th e negro race? A. Y es, sir. Q. A re you a m e m b er of th e negro race? A. Y es, sir. Q. Now, did you h e a r th e conversa tion between' the p rin c ip a l and M rs. Leo Sm ith? A. I don’t rem e m b e r ju s t now. 68 Q. T h a t is all. Now, your ch ild ren w ere refu sed e n tra n c e b ecau se th ey w ere negro ch ild ren? A. Y es, sir. M r. D urh am : T h at is all. The Court: Any cross? M r. Thuss: Yes, Y our Honor. C ross E x am ination . By M r. Thuss: Q. The tak in g of your ch ild ren to the B row n School, w as th a t p reced ed by som e d iscussion an d co n v ersa tion w ith E dw in C. W ashington? A. No, s ir. Q. You le ft i t up to the NAACP to select your a t to rn ey s? A. We ask ed th em to. Q. Well, I say you left it up to th e m to se lec t the a tto rn ey s? A. Yes, sir. Q. And you asked th em to re p re se n t you in th is m a tte r? A. Yes, sir. M r. Thuss: T hat is all. 69 R e-D irec t E xam in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. Did th e NAACP ask you, or did you ask the NAACP, for help? A. W ell, we w en t to the NAACP. Q. Now, a f te r you r a tto rn ey w as h ired , did you approve of the h irin g of th a t a tto rn ey ? A. Yes, sir. Q. And th a t is your p re se n t a tto rney? A. Yes, sir. Mr. D urham : T hat is all. The Court: All righ t. Mr. D urham : Mr. B orders, p lease. LO U IE B O RD ERS, being f irs t duly sw orn, te s ti fied on his oath as follows: D irect E xam ination . By M r. D urham : Q. S tate your nam e, please. A. Louie B orders, J r . Q. W here do you live, M r. B orders? The Court: Wait, a m inute. L e t’s get his nam e. Speak out, now, so he can h ea r you. A. Louie B orders, J r . 70 The Court: Boyd? The W itness: (Spelling) B-o-r-d-e-r-s. The Court: W hat is h is n am e? M r. D urham : (Spelling) B-o-r-d-e-r-s. The Court: (Spelling) B-o-r-d-e-r-s? M r. D urham : B orders. (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. And do you live in the city lim its of the City of D allas? A. I do. Q, And w ere you living there du ring the m onth of S ep tem ber, 1955? A. Yes, sir. Q. And a re you a m em b er of the negro race? A. I am . Q. Now, did your child or ch ild ren a tten d school d u ring the school y e a r of 1955-’56? A. They did. Q. What, school did they attend? A. M adison H igh School. Q. Now, w ith reference to w here you then lived, how fa r w as the M adison H igh School from w here you lived? 71 A. F ro m four and a ha lf to five m iles. Q. Now, did you m a k e an effort to en te r and reg is ter your ch ild ren in A dam son H igh School? A. I did. Q. And w here is th a t school located? A. In O ak Cliff. Q. Now, w ith reference to w here you then lived, how fa r w as A dam son H igh School from w here you then lived? A. A dam son H igh w as about four and a h a lf to five blocks from w here I lived. Q. A nd w hat g rad e w ere your children in? A. The ten th . Q„ Now, did you ta lk to anyone a t A dam son H igh School a t the tim e you m ade an effort to en ter your children? A. I did. Q. And w ith w hom did you ta lk? A. W ith the p rincipal, M r. Allen. Q. And w ere you p e rm itted to en ter your ch ildren in the A dam son H igh School? A. No, I w as not. Q. W ere you to ld w hy? A. I w as. Q. W hy? A. He read off a s ta te m e n t to us th a t the School B oard—had from the School B oard—th a t no negroes go to school w ith w hite ch ild ren , no w hite ch ildren to go to school w ith negroes. Q. Then, w ere you refused the privilege and op portun ity of en tering your children in the A dam son High School because they w ere negroes? A. I w as refused. Q. Do you know M rs. Neeley? A. I do. 72 Q. Is she a m e m b er of th e neg ro race? A. She is. Q. Did she h av e her ch ild ren th e re w ith her? A. Yes, sir. Q,. She w as a negro child? A. Yes. Q. W as she refused the p riv ilege of en tering her child because she w as a negro? A. Yes. Q. Did the p rin c ip a l ta lk to you all th e re? A. Talked to us all together. Q. Do you rem e m b er any o ther negro th a t w as p resen t? A. I do. Q. W ould you give m e th e ir nam es? A. M rs. G oldstein, M r. Slider. T here w ere som e m ore there . I don’t re c a ll th e ir nam es. Q. All righ t. Going to M rs. G oldstein, is she a m e m b er of the negro race? A. Yes, sir. Q. Is her child a negro child? A. She is. Q. W as she refused the p riv ilege and opportun ity of reg is te rin g her child th e re because she w as a negro? A. She w as. Q. Is M r. Slider a m em b er of the negro race ? A. He w as. Q„ H is child w as a negro? A. Yes. Q. W as he re fu sed th e p riv ilege of en tering and reg is te ring h is child b ecau se he w as a negro? A. He w as. Q. Do a ll of those people live in the City of D allas and County of D allas? A. They do. 73 Mr. D urham : T hat is all. The Court: Any cross, gentlem en? Mr. Thuss: Yes, Y our H onor, p lease . Cross E x am in a tio n . By M r. Thuss: Q. On th is occasion, who told you, if anyone, to take your ch ild ren fo the A dam son H igh before you took them th e re on th a t Sep tem ber 5th? A. No one to ld m e. Q. No one. You rem em b er w hen your deposition was ta k en , do you not? A. I do. Q. Do you rem em b er th is question being asked of you on th a t occasion: “Question: Who told you to tak e them to the A dam son H igh School? “ A nsw er: Who told m e to tak e them ? “ Q uestion: Yes. “A nsw er: I called the NAACP a t the tim e .’’ Q. Do you rem e m b e r m ak ing th a t sta tem en t? A. I rem em b er m ak in g th a t sta tem ent. Mr. Thuss: T hat is all. The Court: All righ t. Call your nex t w itness. 74 M r. D urham : T hat is all. M rs. Nelson, please. MRS. IR A NELSON, being f irs t duly sw orn, te sti fied on her oath as follows: D irec t E xam in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. S ta te your n am e, p lease . A. M rs. I r a Joe Nelson. Q. A nd w here do you live, M rs. N elson? A. 1620 P en n sy lv an ia Avenue, D allas. Q. Is th a t th e City of D allas? A. I t is. Q. And do you h av e a child? A. Yes. Q. And w hat is th a t ch ild ’s nam e? A. L a r ry Nelson. Q. And how old is th a t child? A. L a rry is eight y ea rs old. Q. A nd in S ep tem b er, 1955, w h at g rad e w as he in? A. Septem ber, 1955, he w as second grade. Q. Did he a ttend school du ring the school y ear, 1955-’56? A. H e did. Q. And w h at school did he finally a ttend? A. He w ent to th e St. P e te r ’s A cadem y. Q. Now, w ith refe ren ce to w here you live, how fa r is the St. P e te r ’s A cadem y from w here you live? A. A pprox im ately seven or eight m iles. Q. Now, du ring the m onth of S ep tem ber of 1955, did you m ak e any effort to en ter your child in any o th e r school in D allas County? 75 A. I did, Q. W hat school? A. M aple L aw n E le m e n ta ry School. Q. Now, w ith refe ren ce to w here you th en lived, how fa r w as it to M aple L aw n School? A. M aple L aw n w as app rox im ate ly six or seven blocks. Q. D id you ta lk to anyone a t the M aple L aw n School w hen you a ttem p ted to en ter your child? A. I did. Q. To w hom did you ta lk ? A. F ir s t I ta lk ed w ith som eone in the office, and a lady, and la te r I ta lk ed w ith M r. G urley. Q. Do you know w h a t position M r. G urley had? A. M r. G urley w as p rincipal. Q. And in your con v ersa tio n w ith h im , w h at did he tell you abou t en tering your child? A. He to ld m e he w as so rry b u t he had been in struc ted not to in teg ra te the school for th a t session. Q. A nd w ere you p e rm itted to en ter your child in the school? A. No. Q„ Did he te ll you w hy? A. Yes. Q. W hy? A. B ecau se he h ad a le tte r. He sa id th e le tte r w as from the S uperin tendent of Schools. The le tte r w as not signed; bu t I re a d the le tter, and the le tte r in s tru c ted h im to—well, th e le tte r said, “ Do not accep t negro ch ild ren in w hite schools, nor the other p rin cipals ta k e th e o th e r ch ild ren in the other schools.” Q. Now, w ere you refused an opportunity a fte r then to en te r your child because he w as a negro? A. Yes. Q. A re you a m em b er of the negro race ? A. I am . 76 Q. A nd your child is a m em ber of the negro race? A. Yes. M r. D urham : T h at is all. The Court,: A ny cro ss? M r. Thuss: One question, Y our Honor. C ross E xam in a tio n . By M r. Thuss: Q. W here does your child go to school now? A. He goes to school a t St. A nthony A cadem y. Q. St. A nthony? A. Yes. Q. T hat is a d ifferen t school th a n the one the child a tten d ed in ’55-’56? A. T hat is co rrec t. M r. Thuss: That, is all. The Court: C all you r nex t w itness M r. D urham : M rs. Leo Sm ith. 77 MRS. LEO M, SM ITH, being f irs t duly sw orn, testi fied on her oath as follows: D irec t E xam ination . By M r. D urh am : Q. S ta te your n am e , please. A. M rs. Leon Sm ith. Q. And w here do you live, M rs. Sm ith? A. 2723 South B oulevard . Q. A nd is th a t in the city lim its of the City of D allas? A. Yes, it is. Q. And you a re a m em ber of the negro race? A. Yes. Q. Do you h av e any ch ild ren? A. Yes, I h ave one. Q. A nd how m an y ch ild ren do you have of school age? A. One. Q:. And w hat is th a t ch ild ’s n am e? A. D au rity Sm ith. Q. A nd w hat w as h e r c lassifica tion in S ep tem ber of 1955? A. Be w as a boy. H is classifica tion w as then fourth grade. Q. Did he a ttend any school du ring th e school y ea r of 1955-’56? A. Yes, he did. Q. W hat school did he attend? A. C harles R ice E lem en tary . Q. Now, w ith reference to w here you w ere living in S ep tem b er of 1955, how fa r is your hom e to C harles Rice School? A. I t is about a m ile. 78 Q. Now, did you m ak e a n e ffo rt to have h im en ter and study in any o ther school in the City of D allas? A. Yes. Q. W hat school? A. Jo h n H enry Brow n. Q. And w ith re fe ren ce to w here you w ere liv ing in S ep tem ber of 1955, how fa r w as the Jo h n H enry B row n School fro m your hom e? A. A block and a half. Q. Now, w hen you ta lk ed to—did you ta lk to any one w hen you m ad e an effort to en ter your child in the John H enry B row n School? A. Yes, I did, to M iss P a rk e r , the p rincipal. Q. M iss P a rk e r? A. Yes. Q. A nd w hat did she say to you, if anything, w ith refe ren ce to your en tering your child in th a t school? A. She sa id a t th a t tim e they h ad been in stru c ted not to enroll negro ch ildren in th a t school. Q. W as M iss P a rk e r th e p rin c ip a l of the school? A. Yes. Q. And w ere you refused an opportunity to enter you r son in th a t school b ecau se he w as a negro? A. Yes, on th a t basis , he w as a negro. M r. D urham : T h at is all. M r. Thuss: J u s t one question, please. C ross E xam in a tio n . By M r. Thuss: Q„ A fter your child w as denied adm ission to the school, you then w ent to th e NAACP? 79 A. W ell, I h ad con tacted th em before I c a rr ie d m y child to the school, Q. You h ad con tacted th em before, you say? A, Yes. Q. A nd they h ad in s tru c ted you before to take your child to the B row n School? A. No. Q. W hat w as the purpose of con tacting them be fore? A. B ecau se i t w as in all of the pap ers , th a t a fte r the S uprem e C ourt decision, then it w as in all of the p apers th a t the D allas School B oard had no intention of in teg ra tin g the schools for th a t school y ear. Q. W ere you adv ised on th a t occasion that, the NAACP would re p re se n t you? A. W hen I co n tac ted them ? Q. Yes. A. Yes. Mr. Thuss: T hat is all. R e-D irect E xam ination . By M r. D urham : Q. J u s t a m inute. Did you go to the NAACP your self? A. Yes, I did. Q. D id you ask th em to rep resen t you? A. I told them I w ould need help in view of the fact th a t the School B oard h ad no in ten tion of in te grating. Q. D id you a sk them to go before the School B oard to keep from hav ing a suit? A. Yes. 80 Q. A fte r th e NAACP h ired a law y er, did you ap p rove of the h irin g of h im ? A. Yes. Q. A nd is that, th e sam e law yer th a t you have got h e re rep re sen tin g you now? A. Yes. M r. D urh am : T hat is all. The C ourt: I w ould like to know w hether I understood this: th e n e a re s t school to you, did you say, th e n e a re s t negro school to you w as five m iles aw ay? The W itness: No, I d id n ’t say th a t, abou t a m ile. The Court: A bout a m ile? The W itness: One m ile. I don’t know w hether it w as th e n e a re s t school or not. T hree o thers also. The Court: Three o thers also. So th e re a re four schools w ithin le ss th a n a m ile? The W itness: I w ouldn’t say it w as less th a n a m ile. The Court: N egro schools? 81 The W itness: No, I w ouldn’t say it w as less th an a m ile. I w as counting John H enry B row n as the fou rth school. The Court: You w ere w hat? The W itness: There is P h illip s E lem en ta ry , R ice E lem en ta ry , and S ta rk s School on the C entral E xp ressw ay . Now, I don’t know th e ir ap p ro x im ate d istances. The Court: Well, you a re now sending your child five m iles aw ay? The W itness: No, I d idn ’t say th a t. I d id n ’t say th a t he w as five m iles aw ay. I sa id abou t a m ile. The Court: About w hat? The W itness: A mile. The Court: About one m ile aw ay? The W itness: Yes. The Court: T hat is w here you a re sending h im now? 82 The W itness: Yes. The Court: W as th e re any neg ro school closer th a n th a t? The W itness: N ot as I know. The Court: N ot as you know of. All righ t. I understood you to say five m iles aw ay. All right,. Call your next w itness. M r. D u rh am : i Y our H onor, we would like to ca ll M r. B row ne. The M arshal: J u s t ta k e the w itness ch a ir over there . T. W. BROW NE, being f irs t duly sw orn, testified on h is oath as follows: D irec t E x am in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. W hat a re your in itia ls , M r. B row ne? A. T. W. Q. And you live here in D allas? A. Yes, sir. Q. A re you officially connected w ith th e D allas Independent School D is tric t? A. Yes, sir. Q. And w hat is your official connection, Mr Brow ne? 83 A. A ss is tan t S uperin tenden t in ch arg e of business, S ecre tary of the B oard of E ducation . Q. A nd as S ecretary of the B oard of E ducation , do you h av e ch a rg e of th e reco rds of the School B oard? A. Yes, sir. Q. I w ill a sk you if you h av e a book n um ber 38? A. Yes, sir. Q. Will you tu rn to page 206 in book 38, please, Mr. B row ne? A. All righ t. Q. I w ill a sk you if th a t is a p a r t of the official reco rds of the D allas Independent School B oard? A. I t is. Q. And I believe your m inu tes th e re b e a r a date of June 13, 1955? A. I have Ju ly 13. Q. I sa id Ju ly 13— A. R ight. Q. —1955. Mr. D urham : We would like to offer in evidence as the P la in tiffs ’ E xhib it No. 1 the m inu tes of the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t u n d e r d a te of Ju ly 13, 1955 as P la in tiffs’ E x h ib it No. 1. (The in s tru m e n t re fe rred to w as here m ark e d P la in tiffs’ E x h ib it No. 1 for iden tification .) (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. Now, M r. Browne, w ill you tu rn to the day of Ju ly 27, 1955? The Court: Well, if you w an t to offer it in evidence, I have got to h e a r it. 84 M r. D urham : W ell, I w as ju s t going to offer them . We w ill read them . The Court: A ll righ t. M r. D urham : M r. Bunkley, w ill you re a d them . I have been h av ing a d ifficu lty w ith m y g lasses. (By M r. D u rh a m ): Q. M r. Brow ne, w ill you p lease read the firs t p a ra g ra p h . A. “ On m otion of M r. L am m and second by—” The Court: Speak out, now; read out so I can h e a r you. You a re read ing fo r m y benefit, don’t you see. A. “ On m otion of M r. L am m and second by Mr. Spafford , the following w as unan im ously approved : “On Ju ly 13, 1955 th is B oard of E d u ca tio n m ade a S ta te m e n t of Policy re g a rd in g the m a tte r of D eseg regation of th e race s a t it applies to th is School Sys tem . “ It w as reported th a t th is School System has been, is a t p re se n t and w ill be obligated to continue an in tensive s tudy of the p rob lem s involved in. 12 specific a reas, and th a t rep o rts w ould be m ade to the public of th e re su lts of these stud ies periodically . “ It will be im p ra c tic a l to a tte m p t in teg ra tio n until th ese s tud ies have been com pleted. Therefore, the Superin tenden t of Schools is hereby in s tru c ted th a t there sha ll be no a lte ra tio n of th e p re se n t s ta tu s of 85 the schools of th is d is tr ic t in the te rm beginning Sep te m b er 1955.” (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. Now, M r. B row ne, will you tu rn to the m inu tes of Ju ly 2.7, 1955? A. W hat page? Q. I don’t have the page. I w ill ask you if w hat you have ju s t re a d from is a portion of the m inutes on the d a te of Ju ly 27, 1955? A. I t is. Q. Now, M r. B row ne, have you a book n u m b er 39 contain ing the school reco rds? A. Yes, sir. Q„ The m inu tes of the B oard of T ru stee s of the D allas Independent School D is tric t? A. Yes, sir. Q. W ill you tu rn to page 12? A. All righ t. Q. U nder date of Ju n e 13, 1956. A. R ight. Q. Is th a t a p a r t of the p e rm a n en t reco rd s of the D allas Independent School D istric t? A. I t is. Q. And does it co rrec tly re flec t the action of the Board? A. I t does. Mr. D urham : Now, m ay I h av e it m a rk ed ? We ask th a t page 12 and 13 of book 39 of the M inutes of the B oard of E ducation , D allas Independent School D istric t, be m arked as P la in tif fs ’ E x h ib it No. 2. (The in s tru m en t re fe rre d to w as h ere m a rk e d P la in tiffs’ E x h ib it No. 2 fo r identification.) 86 (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. M r. B row ne, I w ill a sk you to begin read ing w ith the la s t p a ra g ra p h on page 12 th rough the firs t p a ra g ra p h on page 13. A. “ On m otion of M r. Howell and second by M rs. In g ram , the follow ing w as unan im ously approved : “ The D allas Independent School D is tr ic t cu rren tly h as a ca se in litiga tion involving desegregation of the school system . The N egro scho lastic popula tion of high-school age h as inc reased to the point th a t s tu den ts can no longer be con tained in the L incoln and Booker T. W ash ing ton H igh School build ings. “ C onsistent w ith th e B o ard of E d u c a tio n ’s adopted policy, and pending fu r th e r decrees by the Court, and due to the decreased w hite population in the South D allas a re a , I recom m end th a t the F o re s t A venue H igh School be designated a N egro h igh school ef fec tive S ep tem ber 1, 1956; th a t the Booker T. W ashin- ton and Lincoln H igh School d is tr ic ts be re a rra n g e d so th a t equ itab le d is trib u tio n of N egro s tu d en ts m ay be accom plished ; th a t the F o rest A venue w hite high- school d is tr ic t becom e a p a rt of the N. R. Crozier T echnical H igh School d is tric t. Such an a rra n g e m e n t w ill com fo rtab ly and ad eq u a te ly house both Negro and w hite ch ild ren in these a r e a s .” Q. Now, w as the F o rest A venue H igh School, p u r su an t to th a t resolution, designated as a negro school? A. P rio r to th is resolution? Q. Subsequent to it, w as it used as a negro school? A. No, sir. Q. The F o re s t A venue w as not? A. No, sir. Q. Now, w ill you tu rn to page 77 in book 39? A. All righ t. 87 Q, Now, is th a t a co rrec t m inute of th e ac tion of th e B o ard of T rustees of th e D allas Independent School D istric t? A. Y es, sir. Mr. D urham : We ask th a t the M inutes of the D allas Independen t School B o ard ap p ea rin g in volum e 39, page 77, and the six p a ra g ra p h s in th a t M inutes be in troduced in evi dence as P la in tif fs ’ E xh ib it No. 3. (The in s tru m en t re fe rre d to w as h ere m ark ed P la in tiffs’ E xh ib it No. 3 for identification.) (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. And M r. Brow ne, w ould you read the th ird p a ra g rap h of th a t m inute? A. You w an t m e to read the com plete s ta tem en t? Q. J u s t the th ird p a ra g ra p h . A. “ The B oard recognizes its responsib ility to im p lem en t the decree of the Suprem e Court, bu t it r e affirm s its studied opinion th a t it, would be derelic t in this re g a rd if it ordered an a lte ra tio n in the s ta tu s of its schools un til its u n d ers tan d in g of the p rob lem s involved is as com prehensive as possible and its p lans for such changes a re com pleted. This B oard feels th a t it canno t and should not in good conscience accep t the responsib ility for the m an n er w hich the decree of the Suprem e C ourt is to be c a rr ie d out un til it has had sufficien t tim e w ithin w hich to fo rm u la te p lans w hich m u st be to the b es t in te re s ts of his school d is tric t, its children, and the com m unity .” Q. Now, I w an t to a sk you one o ther question, M r. Browne: the F o re s t A venue School w as given w hat nam e a f te r its n am e w as changed? 88 A. Ja m e s M adison. Q. Now, a re any w hite ch ild ren assigned to that school? A. No, sir. Q. Then, a f te r it w as designated as a negro school, it h a s been used exclusively fo r negroes? A. Y es, sir. Q. A nd w h at b ecam e of the s tu d en ts th a t w ere a t tend ing th a t school a t the tm ie th a t the nam e w as changed ? A. A ccord ing to th e m inu tes, they w ere divided be tw een the v ario u s o ther H igh School D istric ts . Q. W ere they w hite ch ild ren or negro ch ild ren? A. W hite. M r. D urh am : Now, I a sk you to m a rk this. (The in s tru m en t re fe rre d to w as here m a rk e d P la in tiffs ’ E xh ib it No. 4 for iden tification .) (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. Now, M r. Brow ne, I w ill a sk you to exam ine w hat is being p resen ted to you as P la in tif fs ’ E xh ib it No. 4 appearing on page 10 in book 38. A. P a g e 10 or 210? Q. 210. P ag e 210. Do you recognize th a t in s tru m ent, M r. Brow ne? M r. Thuss: M r. D urham , I did not h e a r th e volum e. M r. D urham : I t is volum e 38, M r. Thuss, a t page 210. A. W hich resolution do you h av e in m ind? 89 (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. Well, I am ju s t asking: all of it, do you know w hat th is is; is th a t a m inu te of the D allas Indepen dent School B oard? A. Yes. Q. Now, does it co rrec tly reflec t the action of the B oard? A. In so far as I know, it does, yes, sir. Q. I w ill a sk you if you w ill re ad the p a ra g ra p h 5? A. “I recom m end th a t the R ich ard Lagow School, 4401 Second A venue, be reassigned to Negro elem en ta ry ch ild ren effective Sep tem ber 1 , 1955, and th a t the S uperin tenden t of Schools be authorized to r e d is tric t South D allas accord ingly . A new nam e will be assigned th is b u ild ing .” Q. Now, w as a new n am e assigned th a t building? A. Yes, sir. Q, And w h at is th a t nam e? A. I th ink it w as Jo sep h J . R hoads, I am not sure. Q. Now, w as th a t designated exclusively as a negro school? A. Well, now, the school w as nam ed th a t. Is th a t w hat you m ean ? Q. No. I m ean only negro children a re perm itted to go there? A. T hat is righ t. Q,. And no w hite ch ildren a re p erm itted to go th e re? A. No, sir. Q. Now. I w an t to com e b ack to P la in tiffs ’ E x h ib it No. 3 w hich ap p ea rs on page 77, book 39, w hich you have idenified as a m inu te of the D allas Independent School D is tric t B oard , and I w ill ask you if you will re ad the n ex t to the la s t p a rag rap h . 90 A. “ T herefore , for the im m ed ia te fu tu re th is B oard fee ls th a t any change is p re m a tu re and in s tru c ts the S uperin tenden t of Schools to continue a seg reg a te^ school sy stem for th e school y e a r 1956-57.” Q. Now, as f a r as you know, as S ec re ta ry of the B oard, h a s th e re been any change fro m th a t policy up un til today? A. No, sir. M r. D urham : T hat is all, Y our Honor. The Court: Any cro ss? M r. Thuss: Yes, Y our H onor please. C ross E xam in a tio n . B y M r. Thuss: Q. W ith reference to P la in tiffs ’ E xh ib it No. 3, w hich is a t page 77, book 39, you w ere asked to read p a r t of the action taken by the B oard , w ere you not? A. Y es, sir. Q. You did not re a d it all? A. No, sir. Q. Now, I w ish you w ould tu rn to book 39 a t page 77 and read the whole of the action ta k en by the B oard, leav ing out w h a t you h av e p rev iously re a d as a re su lt of the questions on d irec t exam ination . A. Y es, sir. “ On m otion of M r. D illa rd and second by M rs. R utherfo rd , the follow ing w as unan im ously adopted: “ Second S ta tem en t on D esegregation by th e P re s i dent of th e B oard. 91 “ The B o ard of E duca tion , fully cognizant of the im port of th e decree of the S uprem e Court of the U nited S ta tes of M ay 17, 1954, rea ffirm ed M ay 31, 1955, th a t henceforth seg reg a tio n of the ra c e s in public schools is unconstitu tional, on Ju ly 13, 1955, issued an official s ta tem en t to th e Superintendent, of Schools in s tru c tin g him to in itia te a s tudy of the problem s inheren t to this m a tte r. “ The B oard requested the Superin tendent to give high p rio rity to a com prehensive study of the p rob lem s involved in a lte rin g the s ta tu s quo of one-hun d red y ea rs of the policy of educational segregation, and specifically outlined tw elve p e rtin en t a rea s of study w hich w ere considered b asic and essential b e fore an equ itab le change could be m ade locally. This study h as p roceeded to the sa tisfac tio n of the Board. Six a re a s of s tudy have been com pleted and p resen t ed to the B oard in four rep o rts ; the rem ain ing six studies a re now in p ro g ress . The in fo rm ation gained from th e se analyses is ind ispensable for fu tu re p lan ning. “ This B oard holds as a priv ileged tru s t and as a p rim a ry responsib ility the w elfare of the children of this com m un ity and its obligation to p rov ide these children, re g a rd le s s of race , creed, or econom ic s ta t us, the best educa tiona l fac ilitie s possible. This B oard, likewise, h a s a s tro n g feeling of responsib ility to the p aren ts of these children, who are, likewise, the ta x p ay ers and thereby the ow ners of th is school system . “ This B oard, fu rth e r, recognizes its obligation to m a in ta in h igh educa tiona l s ta n d a rd s in th is system ; to u tilize its 134 school bu ild ings to the b es t advan tage for its 119,000 children ; and to p ro tec t the in terests of its 3800 te ach e rs and professional s ta ff of both races. “ Texas school law s, under w hich th is Independent 92 School D is tric t operates, p lace a lm ost com plete re lian ce on the ju d g m en t of the loca l B oard of E d u c a tion. This B oard, trad itio n a lly , h as exerc ised—” The Court: P a rd o n m e for in te rru p tin g you. How m an y schools did you say? The W itness: One hundred and th irty -fo u r schools a t the tim e th a t th is w as m a d e up. The Court: Yes. All r ig h t A. “ This B oard , trad itionally , h as exerc ised such ju d g m en t ca re fu lly and cau tiously fo r th e m a in te nan ce of a solid, stab le , and efficient business-like op e ra tion in the runn ing of its schools. I t seeks to apply th is sam e princip le to th is cu rre n t p rob lem . “ The B oard recognizes its responsib ility to im p le m en t the d ec ree of th e S up rem e C ourt—” Well, th a t w as read previously . Is th a t w h a t you w an ted m e to leave out? The Court: All righ t. (By M r. T huss): Q. Go to w hat h as not been read . H as the re s t of th a t been read ? A. I t w as a t two d ifferen t tim es, M r. Thuss. Q,. Now, I understood M r. D u rh am to a sk you about a m inu te in the book 38 a t page 187 w hich w as Ju ly 13, 1955. A m I co rrec t in that,? 93 A, Book 38, p ag e 77. Q. I thought it w as book 38, 187. A. 187. All rgh t. Q. W hich did he ask you about in book 38? A. Well, he asked m e about two or th re e of them . Q. As E x h ib it 1? A. L e t’s see. He h a sn ’t m a rk e d 187 as E xh ib it 1 here. Q. All righ t. Did you read it? A. No, sir. Q, I w ill then ask you to re a d those p a r ts of the M inutes of book 38, page 187, w hich w ere m a rk e d but not re a d to the Court, and offer it in evidence. A. The book 38, 187? Q. Yes. The Court: Ju ly 13, ’55 m in u tes is w hat he is ta lk ing about, he says. A. Yes, sir. “ T here is a t p re sen t an understandab le indecision a t the s ta te level as to the proper d irec tives to in d iv idual School B oards reg ard in g the in terp re ta tion and th e im p lem en ta tio n of the S uprem e C ourt de cision. “ In o rd er to be p rep a red for eventualities in th is connection, th is B oard of E du ca tio n m onths ago in s tru c ted Dr. W. T. W hite, the Superintendent of Schools of th is D istric t, to proceed w ith a detailed study of the p rob lem s inherent to desegregating a m a jor school system , and these stud ies a re in p rogress in the following a reas: “ 1. S cholastic boundaries of individual schools w ith re la tion to ra c ia l g roups contained there in . 94 “2. Age g ra d e d istribu tion of pupils. “ 3. A chievem ent and s ta te of p rep a red n e ss for g rad e level ass ig n m en t of different pupils. “ 4. R ela tive in telligence quotien t scores. “ 5. A dap ta tion of cu rricu lu m . “ 6. The overall im p a c t on ind iv idual pupils schol as tica lly w hen all of the above item s a re considered. “ 7. A ppoin tm ent and ass ignm en t of p rinc ipa ls . “ 8. The re la tiv e d eg ree of p rep a red n ess of w hite and negro te ach ers ; the ir selection and assignm ent. “9. Social life of th e ch ild ren w ith in the school. “ 10. The prob lem s of in teg ra tio n of the P a ren t- T eacher A ssociation and the D ads Club organization . “ 11. The o p era tio n of th e a th le tic p ro g ra m under an in teg ra ted system . “ 12. F a ir and equitab le m ethods of pu tting into effect the decrees of the S uprem e Court. “ This is a fine and p ro g ressiv e school system . It is going to do w h at it is told to do by th e p ro p er a u th o r ities, b u t th is B oard of E d u ca tio n is insistent, th a t before it d irec ts any m a jo r change in th e s ta tu s of its schools th a t its study and u n d ers tan d in g of th e probl- lem s involved sha ll be com plete, and th a t its p lans sha ll be w orked out to the m in u tes t de ta il so th a t such a change w ill be effected w ith all possible ef ficiency and w ith a m in im u m of confusion. 95 “ This B o ard w ill be cord ia lly receptive to advice and suggestion fro m any qualified ind iv idual or group and w ill re p o rt to the public the p ro g ress of its studies a t periodic in te rv a ls . This B oard w ill seek advice and aid fro m qualified and rep resen ta tiv e ind iv iduals of both ra c e s a t the ap p ro p ria te tim e. “ This B oard of E duca tion recognizes th a t in the final an a ly sis it is its responsib ility to establish the policy under w hich any change from the existing order shall be m ade. I t a sk s the p a tience of a ll concerned in its deliberations, and it will be im patien t w ith any undue p re s su re designed to provoke a p re m a tu re a lte ra tio n of the p resen t policy under w hich th is school sy stem o p e ra te s .” The Court: I would like to ask a question, gentlem en, if neither side ob jects. You s ta ted a w hile ago th a t th e re w ere 119,000 ch ild ren in D allas, is th a t righ t? The W itness: Yes, sir. The Court: And how m an y colored ch ild ren a re there in th a t n u m b er ? The W itness: A bout 17—abou t six teen and tw o-thirds percent. I t would be about, oh—w e can get th em d irec tly off of our census figures. I t ru n s abou t one to five. The Court: A bout w hat? 96 The W itness: S ixteen and tw o-th irds p ercen t, abou t one to five, som ew here in th a t neighborhood. The C ourt: A nd you h ad 134 schools, you said? The W itness: Yes, sir. The C ourt: A nd how m a n y negro schools a re th e re in th a t 134? The W itness: Judge, I w ill have to get th a t off of the reco rd s to be su re abou t it. The Court: Well, I would like to have th a t in form ation , both as to the n u m b e r of negro ch ild ren and the n u m b er of negro schools. The W itness: I can get th a t fo r you. The Court: Do you have it? M r. Thuss: I h av e it, Y our Honor. The Court: Well— 97 M r. Thuss: The to ta l n u m b er of schools, 135. The Court: W ell, w ait a m inu te, now. He sa id 134. Mr. Thuss: I a m read in g w h at is here, Y our Honor. I t says, “Total nu m b er of bu ild ings, 134; to ta l nu m b er of schools, 35.” We m ig h t be ren ting a school. The Court: All righ t. Mr. Thuss: W hite h igh, 9. The Court: How is th a t? Mr. Thuss: W hite h igh schools, 9. The Court: Yes. Mr. Thuss: W hite jun ior high, 10. The Court: Yes. Mr. Thuss: W hite vocational school, 1. The Court: Yes. 98 M r. Thuss: W hite e lem en tary , 92 The Court: Yes. M r. Thuss: N egro high, 3. The Court: Yes. M r. Thuss: N egro e lem en ta ry , 19. The Court: Yes. Show th a t to the o ther side, now. Do you about a g re e w ith those figures? M r. D urham : I th in k th a t is su b s tan tia lly co rrect, Y our Honor. The Court: Well, th a t is w h a t I w ant. M r. Thuss: Do you w an t to see th is? M r. D urham : Y our H onor, ju s t befo re th is w itness— The Court: Call your nex t w itness. 99 M r. D urham : Y our Honor, before th is w itness leaves, I w an t to ask h im ju s t one m ore question. The Court: Yes. R e-D irec t E xam ination . By M r. D urham : Q. Now, M r. Brow ne, I belive th e re is no jun ior h igh school for negroes? A. T here is one under planning. Q. I am ta lk ing about ex isten t a t th is tim e. A. The J a m e s M adison is a jun ior h igh school, and th a t has been a lw ays se t up as a portion of our jun ior p ro g ram , even under the other—under the o ther p ro g ram . Q. I believe you have got ten jun io r w hite—ten jun ior h igh schools for w hites? A. Now, I don’t h av e those num bers , and I w ould have to look a t it say for sure. Q. Well, M r. Thuss and I have ju s t agreed th a t th a t is su b stan tia lly correct. A. W ell— Q.. And you h ave no vocational h igh schools for negroes? A. Oh, yes. The Booker T. W ashington, tha t is a vocational or techn ica l school. M r. D urham : T hat is all. The Court: All righ t. Call your n ex t w itness. loo M r. D urham : Y our Honor, we would like to in troduce—th ere were som e stipu la tions, or a req u est for adm ission of facts,, w hich w as m ade, and we would like to offer them and re a d them . T hat is A dm ission of F a c t I th rough V, and X III and X IV in the adm ission of fac ts. The C ourt: S tipu lation? M r. D urham : They a re adm ission of fac ts , Y our Honor. The Court: All righ t, !i M r. D urham : A nd we w ill re a d them into the record . Y our Honor, we a re offering adm ission of fac t I th rough V inclu sive, and X III and XIV. M r. Bunkley: R equest for adm ission No. 1 m a d e by P la in tiffs upon D efendan ts: I . “ T hat the B oard of T rustees of the D allas Indepen den t School D is tric t is a body co rp o ra te , m ad e so by T exas law ; th a t the sa id B oard of T ru stee s is vested w ith pow er and au th o rity to m a n ag e and control the public schools under its superv ision and control; th a t the sa id B oard of T ru s tee s h a s pow er and au thority to adopt ru les and regu la tions, and by-law s, including the adm ission of s tuden ts to the public schools under 101 th e ir con tro l and to -effectuate policies of th e said B oard. The rep ly by the D efendan ts to req u est for a d m is sion No. 1 is as follows: “ In answ er to req u es t No. 1 the D efendants s ta te th a t the pow ers and duties of th e B oard of T rustees a re se t fo rth in the S ta tu tes of the S ta te of T exas, Title 49, and the req u est does not involve an ad m is sion of fac t, bu t one of law . The D efendants a re not req u ired nor p e rm itted to m ak e adm issions of la w .” R equest for adm ission NO. 2: “ T h at D r. E dw in L. R-ippy is a citizen of th e U nited S ta tes and of the S ta te of Texas, dom iciled a t D allas, Texas; th a t he is the duly elected, qualified and a c t ing P re s id en t of the B oard of T ru stees of the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t.” R eply to req u es t for adm ission No. 2: “ T hat the tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 2 in the req u es t for adm ission is a d m itte d .” R equest for adm ission No. 3: “ T hat W. A. B la ir, R obert L. D illard , J r . , R obert B. G ilm ore, Rouse Howell, (M rs.) V ernon D. In g ram , V ance M. L am m , (M rs.) T rac y H. R u the rfo rd and F ran k lin E . Spafford are, each of them , citizens of the U nited S ta tes and of the S ta te of Texas, dom iciled a t D allas, Texas, and th a t th ey a re the duly elected, qualified and ac tin g m e m b ers of the B oard of T ru s tees of th e D allas Independent School D is tr ic t.” 102 R eply to req u est for adm ission No. 3: “ The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 3 in the req u est for adm issions is a d m itte d .” R equest for adm ission No. 4: “T hat D r. W. T. W hite is a citizen of the U nited S ta tes and of the S ta te of T exas, dom iciled a t D allas, Texas, and he is the duly elected, qualified and ac t ing S uperin ten d en t of the P ub lic Schools w ith in the D allas Independen t School D is tr ic t.” R eply to req u est fo r adm ission No. 4: “ The tru th of s ta tem en t No. 4 in the req u es t for adm ission is a d m itte d .” R equest fo r adm ission No. 5: “ T hat on the 5th day of S ep tem ber, 1955, H ow ard A. A llen w as p rincipal of the W. H. A dam son High School, th a t R. E . S troud w as p rin c ip a l of th e Thom as J . R usk Ju n io r H igh School, th a t E lla E . P a rk e r w as p rin c ip a l of th e John H enry B row n E lem en ta ry School, th a t J . H. G urley w as p rin c ip a l of the M aple L aw n E lem en ta ry School, th a t W. A. H am ilton w as p rin c ip a l of the M irab eau B. L a m a r E lem en ta ry School, th a t W illiam H. S tan ley w as p rin c ip a l of the T hom as A. E d ison E lem en ta ry School, in the D allas Independen t School D is tric t; th a t they are , each of th em , citizens of th e U nited S tates and of the S ta te of Texas, dom iciled a t D allas. T exas.” In rep ly to req u es t for adm ission No. 5, the reply w as: 103 “ The tru th of s ta te m e n t No. 5 in the req u es t for adm ission is a d m itte d .’’ R equest for adm ission No. 13: “ T hat the above n am ed schools a re public schools in th e D allas Independent School D is tr ic t and under th e superv ision and con tro l of the B oard of T ru stee s of the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t.” In rep ly to request No. 13: “ The tru th of s ta tem en t No. 13 in the request for adm ission is a d m itted .” R equest fo r adm ission No. 14: “ That the 5th day of S ep tem ber, 1955, w as a re g u la r day of re g is tra tio n in the public schools in the D allas Independent School D is tr ic t.” A nsw er to request No. 14: “The tru th of s ta tem en t No. 14 in th e request for adm ission is a d m itte d .” The R eply to R equest for A dm ission is signed by A. J . Thuss, A ttorney for the D efendants. Mr. D urham : Y our H onor, a t th is tim e, we desire to offer a p o r tion of a deposition tak en of D r. R ippy. The Court: No, he is here; you ca n ’t use a deposition w hen a m a n is here. 104 M r. D urham : All r ig h t, sir. M r. S lider, w ill you get on the stand. L. G. SL ID ER , being f ir s t duly sw orn, testified on h is oath as follows: D irect E x am in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. S ta te your nam e, please. A. L. G. Slider. Q. And w here do you live, M r. S lider? A. 1023 C hurch S treet. Q. Is th a t in the City of D allas? A. T hat is righ t. Q. A nd w here w ere you living during th e m onth of S ep tem b er, 1955? A. At th a t address. The Court: Now, w ait a m inute. You w ill have to speak out. I have to h e a r w h at you say. Speak out, now: ta lk loud. (By M r. D u rh am ): Q. A nd w ere you living in D allas on the 5th of Septem ber, 1955? A. Yes, sir. Q. Now, M r, Slider, do you have any ch ild ren? A. I h av e th ree . Q. A nd w h at a re the ir nam es, please? A. My oldest is B essie B. Slider. I h ave a son, L. G., J r . , and a dau g h te r, M ary Ann S lider. Q. Now, on the 5th of Sep tem ber, 1955 did you m ake an effort to have M ary Ann S lider entered into th e A dam son H igh School in O ak Cliff? 105 A. T hat is righ t, sir. Q,. City of D allas? A. Yes, sir. Q. Now, did she go to school du ring the school year, 1955-’56? A. Yes, sir. Q. And w h at school did she finally go to? A. L incoln High School. Q. Now, w ith re fe ren c e to w here you w ere then living on S ep tem ber 5th, 1955, how fa r w as the A d am son H igh School from w here you lived? A. Oh, I w ould say ap p ro x im ate ly ten to tw elve blocks. T hat is ap p ro x im ate ly ; I am not sure. Q. Now, from w here you then lived, how fa r w as it to L incoln H igh School? A. F ro m at le a s t four and a ha lf to five m iles. Q. On the 5th of S ep tem ber, 1955, did you ta lk to anyone a t t,he A dam son H igh School abou t reg is te r ing and en tering your child? A. Yes, sir. I a ssu m ed it w as the p rincipal, and since then, I know it w as the p rinc ipa l. Q. And w ere you p e rm itte d to en ter your child? A. No, sir. Q. And w ere you told w hy you cou ldn’t en ter her? A. Well, I w as p resen ted w ith a le tte r, a s ta tem en t or som ething, from the School B oard say ing th a t a t the p re sen t tim e negro ch ild ren cou ldn’t be en tered at the w hite schools or w hite ch ild ren couldn’t be en tered a t the negro schools. Q. Now, w ere you denied the opportunity to en ter M ary Ann S lider in A dam son H igh School on Sep tem b er 5, 1955 because she w as a negro? A. T hat is righ t. Q. You a re a m em b er of th e negro race? A. Yes, sir. 106 Q. And your d augh ter, M ary Ann Slider, is a negro ? A. T h a t is righ t. M r. D urham : T hat is all. The Court: A ny cross? M r. Thuss: Yes. C ross E xam ination . By M r. Thuss: Q. You obtained the serv ices and help of the NAACP w ith reference to th e filing of th is suit, did you not? A. N ot necessarily . Q. W ell, w hat do you m ean by “ not n ecessa rily ” ? A. Well, I read in the p a p e rs th a t th e School B oard w as not going to accep t the negro ch ildren , w as not going to in teg ra te , and therefore, I did go to the NAACP to le t them ta k e ca re of th e m a tte rs for m e, and in th e event they did no t acc ep t it. Q. So it is a fa c t th a t you did go to the NAACP and sign som e kind of a paper? A. T hat is righ t. M r. Thuss: T hat is all. 107 R e-D irec t E xam ination . By M r. D urham : Q. Now, did the NAACP, or anybody else, com e to you before you w ent to them ? A. No, sir, they d idn ’t have to. Q. A nd did you request th em to help you? A. Yes, sir. M r. D urham : T h a t is all. The Court: All righ t. Mr. D urham : Y our Honor, the P la in tiffs re s t a t th is tim e. The Court: All righ t. P la in tiffs re s t. M r, Thuss: Y our Honor, le t m e consult m y notes here. I be lieve M r. B row ne, who w as to be m y f irs t w itness, h as testified to every th ing . M r. W hite—D r. W hite, please. DR. W. T. W HITE, being f ir s t duly sw orn, testified on his oath as follows: D irec t E xam ination . By M r. Thuss: Q. S ta te your nam e, please, sir, and sp eak loud enough so tha t w e all can h ea r you. A. W. T. W hite. 108 Q. W hat position do you occupy, Dr, W hite? A. I am S uperin tenden t of Schools in the D allas Independent School D istric t. Q. F o r w h a t period of tim e h av e you held such position? A. Since Ju n e 1, 1945. Q. W ere you identified w ith th e D allas Indepen dent School D is tric t p rio r to th a t tim e? A. Yes, sir. Q, F o r how long? A. S ix teen y ears . Q. W hat a re your qualifica tions, D octor, w ith ref erence to education? A. I have a B achelo r of A rts , a M aste r of A rts deg ree fro m the U niversity of Texas. I have studied in N orth T exas S tate T eachers , som e courses a t S ou thern M ethodist U n iversity , C olum bia U niversity , and P eab o d y College. Q. D octor, on Ju ly 13, 1955, as exem plified by a c tion of th e B oard, you w ere ask ed to m a k e studies in ce rta in a re a s . I believe th e re w ere tw elve of them . A. Yes, sir. Q. Did you com ply w ith th a t? A. We a re in the p rocess of com plying. We have fin ished ha lf of them . Q,. W hat have you fin ished? A. We h av e finished th e firs t, scho lastic bound a rie s of ind iv idual schools w ith re la tio n to rac ia l g roups contained there in ; age g rad e d istribu tion of pupils; ach iev em en t and s ta te of p reparedness for g rad e level a ss ig n m en t of d ifferen t pupils; re la tive in telligence quotien t scores; ad ap ta tion of cu rr ic u lum ; the re la tive degree of p rep a red n e ss of w hite and negro teach ers , th e ir selection and assignm ent. Q. And you say th a t th e o thers a re being p rep ared ? 109 A. Yes, sir. Q. Now, th ese w hich you h av e read off w hich have been p rep ared , w ere they p re p a re d u n d er your su p er vision and d irec tion? A. Yes, s ir , they w ere, sir. Q. H ave rep o rts been m ad e to the B oard? A. Yes, sir. Q. A re they co rrec t? A. They a re co rrect. Q. Now, I w an t to a sk you abou t the d istribu tion of schools, or the d is trib u tio n of negroes in the schools. If th e re w as an im m ed ia te desegregation , in how m an y schools w ould there be m ixed c lasses? A. In th e w hite sen ior high schools, th e re would be eigh t, w ith a possib ility of a n in th one com ing in, Thom as Jefferson. In the th re e negro h igh schools, th e re w ould be one h und red percen t w ith w hite chil dren, in the w hite sen ior h igh schools, eighty p e r cent, in th e w hite e lem en ta ry schools, fo rty percen t, in the negro e lem en ta ry schools, seven ty -th ree p e r cent w ould be w hite, that, is, of w hite students. Q. Yes. Now, h av e you m ad e a com plete—com pleted a study w ith reference to the scho lastic a p ti tudes of negroes and w hite ch ild ren— The Court: B efore you answ er th a t question, if you don’t m ind, I would like to ask a question, so th a t it w ill not in te rfe re w ith th e course of your questioning. D r. W hite, th e n um ber of negro studen ts and w hite s tuden ts, th e d is tribu tion— The W itness: The d istribu tion , Your H onor, is— 110 The Court: Now, w a it a m inute. I h a v e n ’t asked m y question yet. You have a lread y s ta ted that. The W itness: Yes. The Court: W hat would th a t resu lt in, or w ould it h av e any re su lt as to the im ped im en te or the conveniences of th e w hite studen ts if negro stu d en ts w ere allow ed to com e in a t the p re sen t popu la tion and school facilities; w ould i t d isp lace w hite ch ildren in o rd er to let negro ch ild ren com e in is w h a t I am w an ting to know? The W itness: Yes, sir, th a t is co rrec t; because in nearly every instance, the bu ild ings a re com plete ly filled. Now, th e re is som e sm all n u m b er of com m unities where th e population is decreasin g and the build ings a re not filled; bu t for th e m ost p a r t, it w ould cause d isloca tion. The Court: E x cu se me. Go ahead. (By M r. T huss): Q. Now, h av e you m ade a rep o rt w ith refe ren ce to the scho lastic ap titu d es of negro ch ild ren and white ch ild ren in th e f irs t grade? A. Yes, sir. The Court: Now, ju s t a m inute. W hat h as th a t got to do with th is m a tte r? I l l Mr. Thuss: Your H onor, it re la te s to the m a tte r of the n u m b er of te ach e rs th a t would have to be subgrade. They a re not on the sam e level, and if negroes go to p re dom inantly w hite schools, I th ink they w ould— The Court: Now, you h ave an sw ered m y question. Go ahead . (By M r. T huss): Q. H ave you m ade th a t analysis? A. Yes, sir. Q,. What, te s ts did you use? A. The M etropolitan R ead iness T ests. Q. I see. Now, D octor, th a t test, did it show any difference in read iness as betw een the w hite ch ild ren and the negro ch ildren a t the f irs t g rade? A. A t the f ir s t g rade level, the av e ra g e d ifference w as one and a h a lf years ; in o ther w ords, a six year old w hite child—or ra th e r a six y ear old negro child would be in effect the eq u iva len t in read in ess for school of a four and a h a lf y e a r old w hite child. Q. I see. Now, w h a t effect w ould th a t h av e upon the n u m b er of te ach e rs w hich would be requ ired to give adequate instruc tion for those who p resen t th em selves a t the six th g rade level? A. Now, th a t w as for p rim a ry , six y e a r old. Q. Yes, th a t is the f ir s t g rade , isn ’t it? A. T hat w ould be a confused in s tru c tio n a l p a tte rn because of the d isp a rity in cap ac ity to le a rn and the read iness in the two groups of children, if they w ere in th e sam e room s together. Q. W hat would happen if your in struc tion w as p re p a red a t the level so th a t the rece ip tion of the negro ch ildren could be effected; w ith re fe ren ce to th e w hite children, w h a t w ould h ap p en to the w hite? 112 A. Well, th e w hite ch ild ren , on the a v e ra g e , would be doing a re ta rd e d type of le a rn in g b ecau se of the leve l th a t th e in stru c tio n would be reduced to in o r d e r to accom m odate the n eg ro ch ild ren . Q. I see. Then, if you p u t your in s tru c tio n upon the level th a t w ould not r e ta rd th e w h ite children, w h a t w ould h ap p en to the negro ch ild ren? A. I t w ould be a m o st d ifficu lt s itu a tio n fo r the negro ch ild ren ; because they would not be p rep a red to do the w ork th a t th e w hite children ' w ere doing. Q. I see. Now, th a t is w ith re fe ren ce to the firs t g rad e . H ave you m ad e any an a ly sis w ith re fe ren c e to th e second g rad e? A. Yes, sir. Q. A re ap p ro x im ate ly the sam e fac to rs— A. The sam e fa c to rs developed, th e d ifference be ing th is, M r. Thuss: the co n stan t fac to r is d iscovered , th e a v e ra g e neg ro child is about e igh ty p e rc e n t in p re p a ra tio n and ach ievem en t and cap a c ity of th e av e rag e w hite child; consequently , th e o lder th e chil d ren , th e g re a te r th e gap. Q. I see. A nd is it a fa ir conclusion th a t th e older the ch ild ren the g re a te r the gap of th e instruc tion w ould be betw een th e two ra c e s if m ixed? A. T h a t is co rrec t, yes, sir. Q. Now, w ith re fe re n c e to g ra d e n u m b e r four, have you also m ad e the sam e analy sis? A. Y es, sir. Q. A nd w h at is the n ex t g rad e? A. G rade six w as also studied. Q. You m ad e the m e n ta l te s ts? A. Y es, sir. We used the C aliforn ia T est of M ental M atu rity for the second, fo u rth and s ix th g rad es . Q. I see. Is th a t level re ta in ed in th e h igh schools? 113 A. Yes, sir. The sam e p e rcen tag e w as found th e re th ro u g h app lica tion of th e Otis Q uick Scoring M ental A bility Test, (spelling) O-t-i-s. Q. Now, w h at w ould happen , D octor, if you pu t the negro ch ild ren back to th e g rad e level, or th e ir ach iev em en t level, th a t they should be in? A. They w ould be over-age and over-sixed for th e ir social group. Q. I see. W hat w ould be the d ifferen tia l in age b e tw een neg ro ch ild ren and the w hite ch ild ren in the sam e g rad e? A. W ell, in the f irs t g rade, it would be app rox i m a te ly a y e a r and a h a lf to two y ears . In high school sen io r c lasses , it w ould ru n around th re e and a h a lf y ears . Q. I see. In o th e r w ords, th e re w ould be a th re e and a h a lf y e a r d ifferen tia l? A. B etw een seniors. Q. I see. Now, w h at social p rob lem s, if any, can you envision from th a t situa tion? A. W ell, a six th g rad e child— M r. B unkley: We a re going to ob ject to w hat he can envision. The Court: Yes. I th ink it is going out of the field too far. Mr. Thuss: All righ t, Y our Honor. I w ill w ith d raw the question. The Court: A nything e lse? 114 M r. Thuss: I believe th a t is all, Your Honor. The Court: Any cross? M r. D urham : Y our Honor, ju s t a few questions. C ross E x am in a tio n . By M r. D urham : Q. D r. W hite, you a re still continuing seg regation based upon ra c e s in the D allas In dependen t School D is tric t? A. Y es, sir. Q. A nd I believe you sa id th a t th e neg ro children w ere re ta rd e d . Do you refu se w hite ch ild ren adm is sion' to your schools d es ig n a ted fo r w hites because they a re re ta rd e d ? A. No child is re fu sed adm ission because he is re ta rd e d . Q. T hank you, sir. The Court: All r ig h t. (By Mr. D u rh am ): Q. Now, w ith re fe ren c e to th e F o re s t Avenue School, I believe you sa id if negroes w ere adm itted to w hite schools, w hy th ey w ould h av e d isp laced w hite studen ts. If neg roes h ad been ad m itted to the F o rest H igh School before you changed it—I believe you sa id th e popula tion w as sm a ll—would th a t h ave dis p laced w hite s tuden ts? 115 A. W ell, I pointed out th a t th e re a re sections of the C ity w here the population is sh ifting , an d w here the in d u stry and business a re reducing en ro llm en t in ce rta in schools. T hat is v e ry lim ited . Q. Now, th a n k you, sir. If you h ad pu t neg ro chil d ren in th e F o re s t H igh School, w ould th a t h av e d is p laced th e w hite th a t w ere in th e re ? A. You m e a n la s t y e a r? Q. Yes, sir. A. No, s ir . W e h ad a lot of sp ace la s t year. T h a t is w hy w e changed it. Q. You changed it and tra n s fe rre d the w hite chil d ren th a t w ere th e re over to th e C rozier Tech? A. T h a t is co rrec t. Q. Now, did you h ave negro stu d en ts in N orth D allas th a t w ere eligible to go to C rozier Tech? A. All of those th a t chose to go w ere going to Tech. Q. W ere they negro ch ild ren th a t w ere going to Tech? A. No, sir. They w ere going to Booker T. W ashing ton Tech. Mr. D urham : T hat is all. The Court: All righ t. Mr. Thuss: I w an t to a sk one question. 116 R e-D irec t E x am in a tio n . By M r. Thuss: Q. W ith re fe ren c e to th e n u m b er of te a c h e rs avail able, Doctor, and h av ing th a t d iffe ren tia l in m ind, and to im p a r t adeq u a te in struc tion to both negro children' an d w hite ch ild ren , w ould you h av e enough te ach ers? A. We don’t th ink so, M r. Thuss. Q. W ould you h av e enough school room s? A. If th e d isp lacem en t of pupils w ere m ad e m erely on a b as is of n ea rn ess to the ch ildren , m an y schools w ould be overcrow ded and o th e rs w ould be vacan t, o r p a r tia lly so. The Court: All righ t. M r. D urham : T hat is all, Y our H onor. The Court: C all your n ex t w itness. M r. Thuss: I believe th a t is a ll fro m th is w itness, Y our Honor. I w an t to in troduce in' evidence, Y our Honor, a s ta te m en t and certifica te fro m J. W. E d g a r, the State C om m issioner of E duca tion , certifica tion , and th is is on th e question of the exhaustion of the ad m in is tra tive rem ed ies. The Court: Well, now, I h av en ’t any w ay to le t in any s ta te m en t un less the o ther side ag re e s to it. 117 M r. D urham : W ell, I w as ju s t abou t to m ak e m y objection. I t is an ex p a r te s ta tem en t, and w e ob ject to it. Mr. Thuss: I w ill ca ll your a tten tio n to th e fac t, Y our H onor, th a t it h as been m ad e by a h ead of a d ep a rtm en t, and u n d er Rule 44-B, a w ritten s ta te m e n t signed by an o fficer of reco rd is adm issib le . The Court: Yes. Well, I don’t th ink it is adm issib le . M r. Thuss: All righ t, Y our H onor. I w ill th en —I believe th a t is all, Y our Honor. The Court: All righ t. The D efen d an t re s ts? M r. Thuss: No, Y our Honor. I w an t to ca ll a tten tio n to the fac t th a t E dw in C. W ashington, a w itness, w as subpoenaed; th a t he w as subpoenaed to be h e re fo r the 14th; th a t he did not ap p ea r a t th a t tim e. The Court: W ell, le t’s don’t ta lk abou t th ings th a t a re w holly im m ate ria l. You h av e h is deposition' you w an t to put in? Mr. Thuss: Yes, sir. 118 The Court: A nd he is no t here? M r. Thuss: He is no t here , yes, sir. The Court: You h av e a rig h t to pu t it in. M r. Thuss: Yes, sir. Then, I sh a ll re a d from his deposition. P a g e 4, beginning a t line 2: “ E dw in C'. W ashington, being f irs t duly sw orn, ex am ined in chief by M r. Thuss, testified as follows: “ S ta te your nam e, p lease . A nsw er: My n am e is E dw in C. W ashington, J r . Q uestion: W here do you live? A nsw er: H ere in D allas. Question: Do you h a v e a s tre e t ad d ress? A nsw er: 5227 O akland Avenue. Q uestion: W hat is your business or occupation? An sw er: F ie ld W orker for th e NAACP. Q uestion: Is th a t th e local b ran ch or is th a t som e o ther p a r t of the NAACP? A nsw er: I am em ployed by th e n a tio n a l of fice. Q uestion: W hen you say you a re em ployed by th e n a tio n a l office does th a t m e a n you a re em ployed by the NAACP, the N ew Y ork C orporation? Answer: T h a t is co rrec t, sir. Q uestion: You did have an office a t 2600 F lo ra S tree t, I believe? A nsw er: T hat is r ig h t.” I am sk ipping now to page 5, beg inn ing a t line 2, and w ill end a t line 4. “ Q uestion: Now, you h av e no business or occupa tion o ther th a n your rep re sen ta tio n of the N ational A ssociation? A nsw er: I do not.” Skipping now to line 18 on th e sam e page, and com p le ting a t line 22. 119 "Q uestion: W hat position did you hold in A ugust and S ep tem ber of 1955? A nsw er: A ugust and S ep tem b er? Question: Yes. A nsw er: F ie ld S e c re ta ry .” B eginning a t line 25 on the sam e page. "Q uestion: D oes th a t m ean F ie ld S e c re ta ry fo r the na tional o rgan ization? A nsw er: The c o rrec t title is F ie ld S e c re ta ry A ssigned to Texas. Q uestion: B ut you w ere in the em ploy of the N ational A ssociation, w orking in T exas, is th a t th e w ay I u n d e rs tan d it? A nsw er: T h a t is righ t, s i r .” Skipping now to line 22 on p ag e 6. "Q uestion: W here is th e o rig inal of th a t rep o rt? A nsw er: The o rig ina l of the rep o rt, I don’t know, now, it is possib le I could h av e seen it, it is p ro b ab ly in the N atiorial O ffice.” T h a t ends it, now. P a g e 7, beginning a t line 17. "Q uestion : I see. Now, w ould you recogn ize a copy, and an iden tica l copy th a t w as taken , th a t w as sen t to you th rough New York, a copy of w hich you should have in your files a t 2600 F lo ra S tree t, w ould you recognize it? A nsw er: If I saw it I p robab ly would. Q uestion: I h an d you a docum ent, it is a r e production of E xh ib it 23, filed in' the case in Tyler, and ask you if th a t is a copy, and a co rre c t copy in all re sp ec ts? A nsw er: This a p p e a rs to be a copy of the re p o r t .” Continuing on the n ex t page. “ Q uestion: Now, you m ay w an t to re fe r to it, and the rep ro d u ctio n is not a s c lea r as it m igh t be, and for your convenience I w ill give you a copy by ty p e w rite r and if you question w hether it is a copy I w ill give you tim e to com pare it, in w hich I am going to ask you som e questions, in th a t it is e as ie r to re a d th a t th a n it is th is. If you don’t m ind I w ill a sk you to re a d th a t, if it doesn’t ta k e too m uch tim e .” 120 And th e re w as an objection. Then, a t th is point: “ (Said in s tru m e n t m a rk e d D efen d an ts’ E xh ib it 2 to W ashington D eposition '.)” Now, skipping to page 10, line 2 , “ Q uestion: Now, W ashington, the re p o rt discloses th a t the w ork you p re p a re d fo r the D allas in teg ration su it w as given about A ugust 8, 1955—” M r. D u rh am m ad e an in te rru p tio n th e re for an ob jection, and skipping to line 10. “ Q uestion: Or did you p a r tic ip a te in' th a t work? A nsw er: The w ork th a t I a m speak ing about here, th e re p o rt w as w ritten , looking b ack am ong th e cir cu m stan ces . You a re ask ing did I p a r tic ip a te in tha t w ork? Q uestion: Yes. A nsw er: I did get c e rta in in fo rm atio n on the th ing and m ak e c e r ta in contacts. T hat did constitu te a p a r t of w h a t is in the report. Q uestion: Who else w orked w ith you in th a t effo rt on or abou t A ugust 8, 1955? A nsw er: T here w ere various persons who helped get in fo rm ation . Q uestion: Could you n am e them ? A nsw er: No, sir, I cou ldn’t. Ques tion: H ad you ev er een th em before? A nsw er: Some of them.. Q uestion: And you a re unab le a t th is tim e to give any n am e of any p erson you w orked w ith on A ugust 8, 1955? A nsw er: I am , because I w as work ing w ith the B ran ch and it w as a sh o rt period of tim e; th e only th ing I w as a f te r w as th e inform ation and w hen I got th a t I w as th rough . Q uestion: Now, the F ie ld S ec re ta ry , and th a t is you, is it not? An sw er: T h a t is correct. Q uestion: W as d irec ted to work in D allas, a s th a t city h ad been chosen. Who chose D allas as th e city to file the in teg ra tio n su it? Answ er: I d id n ’t know th a t it w as chosen fro m outside. I was ta lk in g w ith th e p res id en t of the D allas B ran ch when I w as decid ing to help the D allas B ran ch w ith it—to 121 s tim u la te the B ran ch , and he to ld m e th a t if th e re w as any .suit filed then' it w ould be a chosen sp o t.” Skipping now to page 12, beg inn ing a t line 9. “ Question: I w ill ask you w hether, on the in fo rm a tion th a t you h ad a t th e tim e, th a t you m ad e th e s ta te m en t th a t the F ie ld S e c re ta ry w as d irec ted to w ork in D allas, th a t th a t city h ad been chosen as the te s t spot for all the in teg ra tio n su its to be filed in T exas? W hat w as the inform ation ' you h ad w hich b e c a m e the b asis for th a t s ta te m e n t? A nsw er: I don’t re m e m b e r ex ac tly w h a t w as in m y m ind then . The only thing, I do re m e m b e r th a t p a r tic u la r w ord “ chosen” , I got th a t from R everend R iley. Q uestion: Do 1 u n d e rs tan d you now th a t you a re u n ab le to give, a t th is tim e, th e in fo rm atio n upon w hich th a t s ta tem en t w as based , o ther th a n w h at you h ave s ta te d as a conversa tion w ith R ev eren d R iley? A nsw er: T hat is co rrec t, s i r .” Now, to page 13, beg inn ing a t line 16. Do you m ind if I get a g la ss of w ater, Y our H onor? I am getting a little b it d ry , sir. The Court: All righ t. M r. D urham : Y our Honor, the P la in tiffs a t th is tim e desire to ob je c t to th e testim o n y of W ashington' any fu r th e r un til it is show n th a t he w as rep resen tin g , or h ad au th o rity 0 rep re sen t, the P la in tiff. I w ould no t be b inding upon the P la in tiffs w h a t W ashington sa id or did. The Court: Well, I am going to h e a r th is deposition th rough. 1 don’t th ink it h as a th ing in' the w orld to do w ith th is case; bu t I w an t to h e a r it th rough firs t. You 122 h av e a rig h t in th is Court to h ire w hoever you please, and th is in junction th a t is ag a in s t a c e r ta in co rpora tion in th e S ta te C ourt does not ru le th is Court. This C ourt allow s such a tto rn ey s to a p p e a r a s the clients w ish to a p p e a r for them . Go ahead . You w an t to put th e re s t of it in? M r. Thuss: Y es, sir. I w an t to pu t the re s t of it in'. P ag e 13, beginning a t line 16. “ Question: Now, w here a re th e fo rm s th a t w ere used for the so lic ita tion of p a ren ts who w an ted to be com e p la in tiffs , w hich w ere p re p a re d on or about A ugust 10th? A nsw er: Those w ere ju s t slips of paper th a t w ere needed to get add itional in fo rm ation and I tu rn ed th em over to M r. D u rh a m .” I w ill h u rry , Your Honor, so as to ta k e up as short a tim e as possible. The Court: All righ t. M r. Thuss: B eginning on page 15 a t line 3. “ Q uestion: W ell now, is th is s ta te m e n t co rrec t, and th is is in' your repo rt: ‘F o rm s for solication of p aren ts who w an ted to becom e p la in tiffs w ere p re p a re d on or about A ugust 10th.’? Is th a t a co rre c t s ta tem en t? A nsw er: T hat is not quite co rrec t. It w as for the so lic ita tion of in fo rm ation from the p a ren ts . Ques tion: All righ t, now, did you a t th a t tim e p re p a re a shee t fo r in s truc tions to w orkers who w ere to help in the so lic ita tion? A nsw er: It w as som e notes I had 123 m ad e as to how they would, yes, sir. Q uestion: Did th e shee t w hich con ta ined th e in stru c tio n s acco m p an y each one of th e p ap e rs , or the fo rm s? A nsw er: As well as I can rem e m b er now, I p re p a re d it for m y own use. Q uestion: Do you have a copy of th a t sh ee t of in s tru c tio n s a t th is tim e? A nsw er: N o.” Skipping to page 17, line 2. “ Q uestion: Now, it say s th a t the sh ee t w as p re p a re d w ith th e adv ice of reg io n a l counsel. Who w as reg iona l counsel a t th a t tim e? A nsw er: A t th a t tim e? M r. T ate w as reg io n a l counsel. Q uestion: Then, as I u n d e rs ta n d it, the sh ee t of in s truc tions w as p rep a red w ith the advice of Mr. T a te? A nsw er: S ir, th a t s ta te m en t is not qu ite c o rre c t in th e w ay it is being un d er stood, in th a t I n ev e r asked h im about th is p a r tic u la r sheet. W hen I pu t th a t s ta te m e n t down I h ad in m y m ind th a t from tim e to tim e I had ask ed questions, as I do any th ing th a t com es up, and w hen I go t the answ er I used it e ith er then or a t som e tim e la te r . Question': Now, do you now say th a t you d idn ’t get any adv ice of reg iona l counsel for the p rep a ra tio n of th ese sh ee ts for in struc tion? A nsw er: In th e p re p a ra tion of those. This sh ee t w e a re ta lk in g about, th a t is co rrec t. Question: T hen th is s ta te m e n t is not co r rec t, th a t is w hat you say now? A nsw er: T h a t is tru e .” Skipping to p age 18, line 12. “ Q uestion: Now, the n am es of th e p robab le p la in tiffs, d id you secu re tw elve of the p ro b ab le p la in tiffs, yourself, the n am es? A nsw er: No, sir, I d idn ’t. Q ues tion: W ould you look on th a t w riting th e re , the la s t sen ten ce in p a ra g ra p h 4, and it says, ‘The n u m b e r of n am es of p robab le p la in tiffs secu red by each of these groups a s fo llow s.’ A nd then th e re is se t opposite your designation as F ie ld S e c re ta ry , tw elve. A nsw er: Now, your question? Q uestion; I say , look a t it. Answer: All righ t. Q uestion: Now, do I u n d e rs ta n d you to say th a t you d idn ’t, in A ugust or S ep tem ber, 1955, obtain the n am es of tw elve p ro b ab le p la in tiffs? A nsw er: I d idn ’t ob ta in those n a m e s .” Skipping to line 24 on' page 19. “ Q uestion: All righ t, did you as F ie ld S ecretary m ak e a second co n tac t w ith each of 54 fam ilies and in s tru c t th em as to how to ta k e th e children to the school for re g is tra tio n a n d en ro llm en t? A nsw er: The answ er to th a t question is no, sir. Q uestion: You h ave w ritten in the rep o rt th is s ta te m e n t, ‘The Field S ec re ta ry m ad e th e second co n tra c t w ith ea c h of the 54 fam ilies to in s tru c t th em on m ak ing p roper ap proach to the school and how to iget th e p ro p er (the an tic ip a ted an sw er from the p rin c ip a l) .’ Do I under s tan d you to say you d idn ’t do th a t? A nsw er: As tha t s ta te s , no, sir, I did no t.” Now, on page 21, line 10. “ Question': Now, in connection, W ashington, with the le tting of a g irl go alone, and the s ta te m e n t is m ade, ‘H ow ever, upon the adv ice of a law yer, the F ie ld S ec re ta ry adv ised ag a in s t th e ir le tting the girl go a lo n e .’ T h a t is in connection w ith th is p a r t of the rep o rt as to who w ould acco m p an y the v ario u s chil d ren and the fam ilies. Now, w h at law y er gave you the adv ice ag a in st le tting a g irl go alone? Answer: Now, th e re again ' is a m a tte r of in fo rm atio n th a t I ob tained ind irectly , and I h ave been to se v e ra l m eet ings a t our conventions w here such m a tte rs w ere dis cussed , and it is possib le I go t th a t in fo rm ation at one of the conventions. Q uestion: I asked you to nam e the law y er th a t gave you th e adv ice? A nsw er: I don’t re m e m b e r .” 125 Skippirig to page 23, line 6. “ Q uestion: A bout lo u r w eeks w as co n su m ed in p rep a rin g the in s tru c tio n s and c a rry in g out th e ad vice w hich you h ad obtained, fro m w h a tev e r source you did ob ta in it, in p re p a ra tio n for th is law su it, w as it not? A nsw er: You a re ask ing m e? The question abou t th e length of tim e? Q uestion: Yes. A nsw er; Well, I w ill have to re fre sh m yself, accord ing to the rep o rt. Q uestion: Look a t the second p a ra g ra p h on page 2. A nsw er: F ro m the m iddle of A ugust to about the m idd le of S ep tem ber, I w ould say th a t is about four w eeks. Q uestion: And th a t w as u n d e r your p e r sonal superv ision , w a sn ’t it, a ll of those ac tiv itie s in th a t re sp ec t w ere under your p e rso n a l superv ision? A nsw er: Of getting the in fo rm ation and m ak in g a su rv ey , w as u n d er m y p e rso n a l su p e rv is io n .” Now, page 24, beginning a t line 8. “ Q uestion: Now, did you tu rn the n am es over to th e a tto rn ey s , th a t you h ad obta ined d u ring th a t fou r w eeks operation? A nsw er: Now, th a t p a r t com ing in th e re is no t co rrect. Q uestion: I w ill a sk you w h eth er or no t th is s ta te m e n t in your re p o rt is co rrec t; and if it is no t c o rre c t in w h at re sp ec ts it is in co rrec t, and I w ill read it to you: ‘T urn ing over the n a m e s to the a tto rn ey s ended th e w ork in th is opera tion of the F ie ld S e c re ta ry .’ A nsw er: T urn ing the n am es th a t h ad been given to m e over to get the add itio n al in fo rm ation to the a tto rn ey s w as the end of w h a t I w as to do in th is connection. Q uestion: Well, do you w an t to say th a t s ta te m e n t is co rre c t or no t? A nsw er: W ithout qualifica tion it is in c o rre c t.” On p ag e 2 5 , beg inning a t line 3. “ Q uestion: Now, W ashington, th e re is a s ta tem en t here th a t the second operation '—does th a t re fe r to your operation in th is rep o rt? A nsw er: The second 126 operation? Q uestion: Does the second opera tio n refer to som eth ing th a t you did? A nsw er: I am not c lea r on th a t m yself. Q uestion: R ead th a t, ju s t under p a r t 2, it says, ‘The second opera tion w as to p re p a re the p la in tiffs to be good p la in tiffs beg inn ing M onday, Sep tem b er 12, 1955, w hen the suit w as filed .’ Now, I am ask ing you if the second opera tion w as your opera tion? A nsw er: Now th a t m y m em ory is re freshed , yes, it is. Q uestion: W hat does th a t consist of, in p re p a rin g th e p la in tiffs to be good p la in tiffs , w h a t did you do? A nsw er: I w as ask ing adv ice fro m the per sons who h ad ask ed —who h ad signed the au th o riza tion, w here the m o ther h ad signed the authorization, as to w hat the fa th e r ’s n am e w as, and w h eth er they did ta k e th e ir ch ild ren . Q uestion: Well, you h ad al re a d y gotten all of the inc id en ta l in fo rm ation in your fo rm s, had you not? A nsw er: E ven tua lly , I got a ll of i t .” B eginning a t line 7 on p age 26. “ Q uestion: Well, is th a t s ta te m e n t now your s ta te m en t, th a t th a t is inco rrec t? A nsw er: In m y m ind I d idn ’t see how they could be good p la in tiffs unless they w anted to file suit, or w h e th er they h ad —they all signed the authorization ', I knew th a t .” Skipping down to line 20 on p ag e 26. “ Q uestion: All righ t. Now, who selec ted th e plain tiffs, or who did you re fe r to as hav ing se lec ted the p la in tiffs , w hen the s ta tem en t w as m ad e th a t the se lec ted p la in tiffs w ere notified to a ttend a briefing session? A nsw er: T here again , th e p a re n ts them selves decided they w an ted to becom e p lain tiffs. Question: Do you m ean , or did you use the w ord “ se lec ted ” in th e sense th a t they se lec ted th em selves? Answer: Y es .” Skipping down to page 27 a t line 11. 127 “ Q uestion: W here w as the b riefing session' held? A nsw er: In the build ing a t 2600 F lo ra .’’ And now skip to line 20 on the sam e page. “ Q uestion: W as it before the 4th or 5th of S ep tem ber, or a f te r the 5th of S ep tem b er? A nsw er: My reco l lection is th a t it w as a fte r th e 5th of S ep te m b er.” P ag e 28, line 15. “ Q uestion: On S ep tem b er 1st it say s ‘B egan abou t th is date to cinch ap p lican ts w ith add itio n al in s tru c tio n s .’ W ere all those add itio n al in struc tions g iven by you, or som e o ther person? A nsw er: Well, sir, th e re ag a in is a m a tte r w here I w as try in g to fill in the p robab le d a te s of m y ac tiv ity , and w h at a c tu a lly h a p pened w as th a t th e re w ere som e p ersons who I still h ad to get m ore in fo rm atio n fro m th a t the law y er w an ted m e to get before he would file the suit. Q ues tion: So, you used the w ord “ c in ch ” in the sense th a t it w as to get fu r th e r in fo rm ation , is th a t w h a t you m ean ? A nsw er: T hat is co rrec t, b ecau se the law yer w as not w illing to go ahead on any th ing w ith the in fo rm atio n th a t he h a d .” Skipping to line 11, p ag e 29. “ Q uestion: On S ep tem ber 3rd you have a s ta te m e n t ‘C ontinued in s tru c tin g fa m ilie s .’ W hat does th a t m ean? W hat fam ilies w ere you in s tru c tin g ? A nsw er: As I said before, I m ean t I d idn ’t fin ish ge tting the in fo rm ation on the f irs t day, th a t I had to continue the second day. Q uestion: So you used the w ords “ ob ta in ing in fo rm atio n ” as the equ iva len t of “ in s tru c tion” ? A nsw er: I d e lib e ra te ly used, the w ord “ in s tru c tio n ” th e re co n tra ry to the f a c ts .” P ag e 30, beginning a t line 7. “ Question: Who d irec ted and reco rd ed the a tte m p t ed reg is tra tio n by te lephone of the p la in tiffs? A nsw er: I pu t th a t in there ; I w as in m y office; w hen they 128 knew th a t the fam ilies did ta k e th e ir ch ild ren to the F o re s t School, so I reco rd ed th a t in fo rm ation . Ques tion: Did you d irec t it? A nsw er: No, sir, I d idn’t. Q uestion: I t say s h e re , on the 5th d ay of Septem ber, ‘D irected a n d reco rd ed th e a tte m p te d re g is tra tio n by te lephone .’ Then, th a t is not tru e? A nsw er: T hat is no t true. Q uestion: Who w ere the fou r s tro n g citizens who w ere obta ined to acco m p an y th e p a re n ts w here only one or two w ere app ly ing to a school? A nsw er: I don’t re m e m b e r, s i r .” I believe th a t is all, Y our Honor. I w ish to in tro duce in evidence the w hole of th e rep o rt m ad e by E dw in C. W ashington, w hich is in the deposition. Mr. D urh am : Now, Y our Honor, th e P la in tiff ob jects to it. I t is an ex p a r te s ta tem en t, no t shown to be execu ted by e ith er of the P la in tiffs or anyone au tho rized by them, an d W ashington is not show n to h av e any au thority to re p re se n t the P la in tiffs a t the tim e th a t the pu r po rted s ta te m e n t w as m ad e or since th a t date, and it is no t b inding upon the P la in tiffs . The Court: I h ave a lre a d y ind icated th a t I don’t th ink this deposition h as any p lace in th is case . W e recognize, of course , th a t the h igh profession of the law yer should keep h im fro m engag ing in b a r ra t ry , and tha t is a ll th is shows, th a t the law y ers sought cases, p a r ticu la rly th is case; bu t even so, th a t doesn ’t m ake any d ifference to the Court. If the clients w ere denied a righ t, th en they h ad a rig h t to go to th e clien t if they w ere th a t so rt of people and solicit em ploym ent. The in junction th a t is ag a in s t th is concern for oper a tin g in T exas is one th a t w ill be taken' c a re of by 129 th e Ju d g e who issued the in junction; bu t th a t is h is business and not th is Count’s business. If the in ju n c tion is v io lated , th en he h as a r ig h t to pun ish fo r con tem p t, and I expect th a t he w ill ta k e th a t course; bu t a f te r h av in g h ea rd th is deposition, w hich h as taken considerab le tim e, I su sta in the ob jection o ther w ise th a n for th e purpose I h av e ind icated . A ny o ther w itnesses you w ish to in troduce? Mr. Thuss: Y our H onor, th a t is all. The D efendan ts rest. I would like for the R e p o rte r— The Court: B oth sides close? Mr. D urham : P la in tiff closes, Y our Honor. Opinion of th e Court. This case w as o rig inally filed in S ep tem ber, 1955, and the C ourt d ism issed the case, a f te r h av ing h e a rd testim ony , w ithout p re jud ice . P la in tiffs appealed , and ori M ay 25, 1956, the C ircu it C ourt of A ppeals, th rough tw o of its Ju d g es , rev ersed , and d irec ted the T ria l C ourt to affo rd the p a r tie s a full h ea rin g on the issues te n d e red in th e ir p lead ings. In h is d issen ting opinion, Chief Ju s tic e C am eron w as m ost convincing and som ew hat e lab o ra te in his c ita tion and reason in ing , and announced th a t he w ould a ffirm the low er Court. We m u st b e a r in m ind th a t th e law s of T exas, fo r a long tim e in existence, and based upon a constitu tional provision, p rov ide for public schools w hich sha ll 130 be financed out of and fro m tax a tio n . F o r m any y e a rs , th e colored people of T exas h av e b een th e ir own te a c h e rs , and have h ad th e ir own te ach e rs and th e ir own school fac ilitie s and pupils of th e ir own color. The w hite people h av e h ad th e ir own schools w ith a p p ro p ria te fac ilitie s an d te a c h e rs . A y e a r or two ago, the S up rem e C ourt of th e United S ta tes , on the question of seg regation , s ta ted , “ We com e then to the question p resen ted : does seg reg a tion of ch ild ren in public schools solely on th e basis of ra c e , even though th e p h y sica l fac ilities and other tan g ib le fa c to rs m ay be equal, deprive the ch ild ren of th e m in o rity group of equal educa tio n a l opportunities? We believe th a t it does.” T h a t is the end of th a t quo ta tion fro m th e S up rem e Court. I believe th a t i t w ill be seen th a t the C ourt based its decision' on no law bu t r a th e r on w h a t th e Court re g a rd e d as m e re au th o rita tiv e , m odern psychological know ledge th a t ex isted a t the tim e th a t th e now dis ca rd ed doctine of equal fac ilitie s w as in itia ted . It w ill be reca lled th a t in 1952, M r. Ju stice F ra n k fu r te r sa id it w as not com peten t to take ju d ic ia l no tice of “ C laim s of Social S c ien tis ts .” The testim ony , w hich h as been fully developed un d e r th e p leadings of each side in th is case , as d irec ted by th e m a jo rity opinion of the C ircu it C ourt of Ap peals, show s u n m istak en ly th a t com peten t te ach ers , eq u a l school facilities, and te x t books, and all so rts of school p a ra p h e rn a lia a re fu rn ish ed to both th e white and colored schools and pupils, an d so the sole ques tion for th e d e te rm in a tio n of th is Court of E su ity is w h e th er the keeping a p a r t of the two races is a de p riv a tio n of any constitu tional righ t. T here is no com p la in t ag a in s t the colored te ach e rs , though we m igh t 131 quite ap p ro p ria te ly inqu ire w h at w ould becom e of th e co lored te a c h e rs if an d w hen the colored s tu d en ts a re ta k e n aw ay from th em . Is it possib le, or p ro b ab le th a t th e colored te a c h e rs would be h ired to te a c h the w hite pup ils? T h ere is no com pla in t by th e p la in tiffs ag a in st the com petency of th e colored te a c h e rs no r ag a in st th e im ped im en ts , or, p h y sica l fe a tu re s of th e school bu ild ings and the school grounds, or the size. F u r th e rm o re , the suggestion of th e S up rem e C ourt th a t th e involved p a r tie s should studiously and c a re fu lly seek to in te g ra te seem s to h av e b een a tte m p te d h ere ; bu t so fa r h as not succeeded ; bu t it h as not been abandoned by the school au th o rities . I th ink th a t th e te stim o n y shows com plete ly th a t the school au th o ritie s h e re in ch a rg e of th is In dependen t School D is tr ic t a re ce rta in ly doing th e ir v e ry best to com ply w ith the ru lin g of th e S uprem e C ourt of th e U nited S ta tes . A nd th a t C ourt, it w ill be reca lled , le ft i t up to the school au h o rities and the local C ourts to fu r th er h is in teg ra tio n p rocess. In th e W ichita F a lls D ivision, a few y e a rs ago, th is Court tr ied a case b rough t by som e colored ch ildren ag a in s t th e M idw estern U niversity , w hich would not allow th e m to m a tr ic u la te . The C ourt th e n en te red an o rd er, a f te r a fu ll tr ia l, allow ing th em to be ad m itted as s tu d en ts; b eca u se th e re w as no n e a r in stitu tion iri w hich they could m a tr ic u la te o ther th a n P ra ir ie View, w hich w as app rox im ate ly th re e hu n d red m iles d is tan t. T hat case w as a ffirm ed by the C ircuit C ourt of A ppeals, and also by th e S up rem e C ourt of th e U nited S ta tes. I t should also be bo rne in m ind th a t th e s ta te s ta tu te re q u ire s s e p a ra te schools for colored and w hite studen ts. This su it is b rough t, th e re fo re , u n d e r the n a tio n a l Civil r ig h ts provision of the Constitution, and 132 not u n d e r the S ta te s ta tu te s , as th e counsel fo r the defendans contends h ere . T here is no question here a s to the a d m in is tra tiv e p ro ced u re or adm in is tra tiv e cou rse th a t should be followed. We have Civil righ ts fo r a ll people u n d er the n a tio n a l C onstitu tion, and I m igh t suggest th a t if th e re a re Civil righ ts, th e re are also Civil w rongs. It seem s to m e, in view of the fac ts, th a t the w hite schools a re h a rd ly sufficient to hold th e p re sen t num ber of w hite studen ts; th a t it w ould be un th inkab ly and u n b e a ra b ly w rong to re q u ire th e w hite studen ts to get out so th a t he colored stu d en ts could com e in. T hat w ould be the re su lt of in teg ra tio n h ere . The fa c ts rev ea l th a t th e re a re abou t fifteen per cen t of the 119,000 stu d en ts in D allas th a t a re colored, and the re m a in d e r of th a t v a s t n u m b er a re , of course, w hite studen ts. D allas is co n s tan tly grow ing, a s the te stim o n y shows, and the School B oard and City Coun cil a re constan tly m ak ing fu r th e r expend itu res to in c re a se school fac ilities for each w hite and colored, and I see no equ ity here , gentlem en, w hich w ould re q u ire an in junction w hich would com pel in tegration as p ra y e d and sought a t th e p re se n t tim e. I, th e re fo re , d ism iss th is su it w ithout p re jud ice in o rder th a t th e School B oard m ay h av e am p le tim e, as it ap p ea rs to be doing, to w ork out th is p rob lem . WM. H. ATW ELL, U nited S ta tes D is tric t Judge. D ated and ren d e red a t D allas, T exas, D ecem ber 19, 1956. 133 JU D G M EN T. F iled Dec. 26, 1956. U nited S ta te s D is tric t C ourt for the N o rth e rn D is tric t of T exas, D allas D ivision. Civil A ction F ile No. 6165. A lb ert Bell, a M inor, by his S tep fa th e r arid N ext F riend , Theodore D. D orsey, and 23 o ther P la in tiffs, P la in tiffs , v. D r. E dw in L. R ippy, as P re s id e n t of the B o ard of T rustees of the D allas Independen t School D is tr ic t, D allas County, T exas, and 16 o ther D efend an ts, D efendants. On th is th e 19th day of D ecem ber, 1956, ap p ea red th e P la in tiffs in person arid by th e ir a tto rn ey s of reco rd and also ap p e a re d all of the D efendan ts in per son and by th e ir a tto rn ey s of reco rd , and th e C ourt h av ing considered the p lead ings and a ll of th e te s ti m ony, is of th e opinion th e re is no cause for an in junction as p ray ed for by th e P lain tiffs . I t Is, T herefore , the O rder, Ju d g m en t and D ecree of the C ourt th a t th is case is d ism issed w ithout p re judice to the P la in tiffs , and th a t a ll costs be ch a rg ed to sa id P la in tiffs . 134 E n te re d the 26 day of D ecem b er, 1956. (S.) WM. H. ATW ELL, Ju d g e of the U nited S ta te s D is tr ic t Court fo r the N orthern D is tr ic t of T exas. A pproved as to F o rm : W. J . DURHAM, A tto rn ey for P la in tiffs . A. J . THUSS, A tto rn ey for D efendants. N OTICE O F A P P E A L TO TH E U N ITED STATES COURT OF A PP E A L S FO R TH E F IF T H CIR CUIT AT N EW O RLEANS, LOUISIANA. F iled D ec. 31, 1956. In the U nited S ta tes D is tric t C ourt for the N orthern D is tr ic t of Texas, D allas D ivision. Civil A ction N um ber 6165. A lb ert Bell, a m inor, by his n ex t friend , Theodore D. D orsey, e t al., vs. D r. E dw in L. R ippy, as P re s id e n t of the B oard of T ru stee s of the D allas Independen t School D is tr ic t, a C orporation, et al. N otice is h e reb y given th a t H ilda R u th B orders, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend, Louie B orders, 135 J r .; S an d ra C raig Boson, and P a m le a Boson, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend L aw ren ce C. Boson; W illiam C. B urton , J r . , by his fa th e r and nex t friend W illiam C. B urton ; S h irley A nn Bush, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and next friend , F ran k lie L. B ush; B illie M arie Cox, a m inor, by h e r s tep -fa th e r and h e r m o th er, as n ex t friends, Veil and M ary Snowden; C harlene G oldstein, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , D avid G oldstein; Carol, Cheyel and R onald H urdle, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend, E lm e r D. H urdle; Ollie P e a r l Ivy, a min'or, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , J . J . Ivy; D iann M urphy, a m inor, by h e r g ran d -m o th e r and h e r g ran d -fa th e r as n ex t friends S. L. N eeley and M rs. S. L. N eeley; L. L aw ren ce Nelson, II, a m inor, by his m o th e r and n ex t friend , M rs. I ra Nelson; Alonzo D. N ickerson , J r . , a min'or, by his fa th e r and nex t friend , Alonzo D. N ickerson', S r.; R osa Sharon and M aude Lois S im m s, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , the R ev eren d P a u l A. S im m s; M ary A nn S lider, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , L. G. S lider, and D au rity G. Sm ith, a m inor, by h is fa th e r and nex t friend , Leo M. Sm ith, all of w hom are p la in tiffs in the above sty led and n u m b ered cause , h e reb y ap p ea l to th e U nited S ta tes C ircuit C ourt of A ppeals from a ju d g m en t en te re d by th e U nited S ta tes D is tr ic t Court, N orthern D is tr ic t of T exas, a t D allas, on th e 26th day of De cem ber, 1936, d ism issing th e cause for w an t of equity. (S.) WM. H. ATW ELL, U nited S ta tes D is tric t Judge. D ated th is th e 26th day of D ecem ber, 1956. 136 COST BOND ON A PPE A L . F iled Ja n . 11, 1957. (T itle O m itted .) The P la in tiffs herein, H ilda R u th B orders, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , Louie B orders, J r.; S an d ra C raig Boson and P a m le a Boson, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , L aw ren ce C. Boson; W illiam C. B urton, J r . , by h is fa h te r and n ex t friend, W illiam C. B urton; Shirley A nn Bush, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and nex t friend, F ra n k ie L. Bush; C har lene G oldstein, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and nex t friend, D avid G oldstein; Carol, C heyel and R onald Hurdle, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend, E lm er D. H urdle; Ollie P e a r l Ivy, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , J . J . Ivy; D ianna M urphy, a m inor, by her g ran d -m o th e r and g ran d -fa th e r and n ex t friends, S. L. N eely and M rs. S. L. N eely; L. L aw ren ce N elson, II, a m inor, by his m other and n ex t friend , M rs. Ira N elson; Alonzo D. N ickerson, J r . , a m inor, by his fa th e r and n ex t friend, Alonzo D. N ickerson, Sr.; R osa Sharon and M aude Lois S im m s, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , Rev. P a u l A. S im m s; M ary Ann Slider, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and next friend , L. G. S lider, and D au rity G. Sm ith , a m inor, by his fa th e r and n ex t friend, Leo M. Sm ith, as P rin cipals, and th e o ther s ig n ers hereto , a s S ureties, ac know ledge o u rse lves bound to pay D efendan ts, the o fficers of the Court, and all p a r tie s a t in te re s t, the sum of Two H undred and F ifty D o lla rs ($250) condi tioned to secure the p ay m en t of costs if the ap p ea l is d ism issed or the ju d g m en t a ffirm ed , or such costs as 137 th e A ppella te C ourt m ay a w a rd if the ju d g m en t is affirm ed , or m odified. (S.) LO U IE BO RD ERS, JR ., H ilda R u th B orders, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , Louie B orders, J r . (S .) LA W REN CE C. BOSON, S an d ra C raig Boson and P a m l ela Boson, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t friend , L aw ren ce C. Boson. (S.) W ILLIAM C. BURTON, W illiam C. B urton, J r ., by his fa th e r and n ex t friend , Wil liam C. Burton!. (S.) FR A N K IE L. BUSH, By his w ife, M rs. F ra n k ie L. Bush, Sh irley A nn Bush, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend , F ra n k ie L. B ush B illie M arie Cox, a m inor, by h e r s tep -fa ther and h e r m o th er as n ex t friends, Veil and M ary Snowden. (S.) DAVID GOLDSTEIN, C harlene G oldstein, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and nex t frien d D avid Goldstein. 138 (S.) E L M E R D. H U RD LE, C arol, C heyel and R onald H urdle , m ino rs, by the ir fa th e r an d n ex t friend , E l m e r D. H urdle. (S.) J . J . IVY, Ollie P e a r l Ivy, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend, J . J . Ivy. (S.) S. L. N E E L Y & MRS. S. L. N E E L Y , D iann M urphy, a m inor, by h e r g ran d -m o th e r and her g ra n d -fa th e r a s n ex t friends, S. L. N eeley and M rs. S. L. Neeley. (S.) MRS. IRA J. NELSON, L. L aw ren ce N elson II, a m inor, by h is m o th e r and n ex t friend , M rs. I ra Nelson. (S.) ALONZO D. N ICKERSO N SR., Alonzo D. N ickerson , J r ., a m inor, by his fa th e r and nex t friend, Alonzo D. N ick erson, Sr. (S.) PAU L A. SIMS, R ose Sharon and M aude Lois S im m s, m inors, by th e ir fa th e r and n ex t frien'd, the R everend P a u l A. S im m s. 139 (S.) L. G. SLID ER , M ary A nn S lider, a m inor, by h e r fa th e r and n ex t friend, L. G. S lider. (S.) LE O M. SMITH, D au rity G. S m ith , a m inor, by h is fa th e r and n ex t friend , Leo M. Sm ith , P rinc ipa ls , Ind iv idually and sev era lly . (S.) WM. BURNS, (S.) M. B. SLA U G H TER, S ureties. S ealed w ith our sea ls an d D ated th is th e 10th day of J a n u a ry , 1957. A P P E L L A N T S ’ DESIGN A TION O F TH E RECO RD ON A PPE A L . F iled Dec. 31, 1956. (T itle O m itted.) Com e now p la in tiffs n am ed h e re in in th e Court b e low, ap p e llan ts on appeal, p u rsu a n t to R ule 75, F e d e ra l R ules of Civil P roced u re , by th e ir a tto rn ey s of reco rd , and designate th e following portions of the reco rd , p roceed ings and evidence adduced in the t r ia l 140 of th is cause , to be p laced in and m ad e a p a r t of the record on appeal: 1. P la in tif fs ’ A m ended C om plain t filed in D ecem ber, 1956; 2. D efen d an ts’ 2nd A m ended A nsw er filed in D e cem ber, 1956; 3. D efen d an ts’ M otion fo r A dm ission of F a c ts filed Sept. 11, 1956; 4. P la in tiffs ’ R eply there to filed S ep tem ber 18, 1956; 5. P la in tif fs ’ R eq u es t for A dm ission of F a c t filed S ep tem b er 18, 1956; 6. D efen d an ts’ R eply to R eq u est for A dm ission of F a c t filed S ep tem b er 25, 1956; 7. T ra n sc r ip t of the E vidence In troduced a t T ria l on D ecem ber 19, 1956; 8. C ourt’s F ind ing of F a c t and Conclusions of Law ; 9. Ju d g m en t of the Court, signed D ecem ber 26, 1956; 10. Notice of A ppeal; 12. A ppeal Bond. R espectfu lly Subm itted , C. B. BU N K LEY , JR ., 141 3318 O akland Avenue. K E N N E T H F . H O LBERT, 2531 F o re s t Avenue. J . L. TU R N ER , JR ., 1723 R outh S treet. W. J . DURHAM , 2600 F lo ra S tree t. LOUIS A. B ED FO R D , 1831 Singleton Blvd. U. SIM PSO N TATE, 4207 S. O akland A venue. D allas, T exas. By U. SIM PSON TATE, A tto rneys for A ppellan ts. R O B E R T L. CA RTER, THURGOOD MARSHALL, 107 W est 43rd S treet, N ew Y ork 36, New York. C ertifica te of Service. This Is To Certify th a t on the 31st day of D ecem ber, 1956, I, U. S im pson T ate , one of th e A tto rneys of R ecord in th is cause , se rv ed a tru e copy of the above N otice of A ppeal and a tru e copy of A ppel la n ts ’ D esignation' of the R eco rd on A ppeal, upon the H onorable A. J . Thuss, A tto rney fo r R ecord for a p pellees herein , by p lacing th e sam e in the U nited S ta tes M ail, postage paid, ad d ressed to h im a t his office 1122 D avis Building, D allas 2, T exas. U. SIM PSON TATE, (U. S im pson T a te ). 142 C L E R K ’S CER TIFIC A TE. I, JO H N A. LOW THER, C lerk of th e U nited S ta tes D is tric t Court for the N orthern D is tric t of T exas, do h ereby certify th a t the foregoing is a tru e and co rre c t tra n s c r ip t of the Record, and all p roceed ings in Cause No. 6165 Civil, w here in , A lb e rt Bell, a M inor, by h is S tep -fa ther arid N ext F rien d , Theodore D. D orsey, e t al., a re p la in tiffs , and D r. E dw in L. R ippy, as P re s id e n t of th e B oard of T ru s tee s of th e D allas In dependen t School D is tric t, D allas, D a lla s County, Tex as, e t al., a re defendan ts , as fu lly as th e sam e now re m a in on file and of reco rd in m y office a t D allas, T exas. W itness m y hand officially and th e seal of sa id C ourt a t D allas, T exas, th is the 30th d ay of J a n u a ry A. D. 1957 JO H N A. LOW THER, Clerk, By E L IZ A B E TH M cCLELLON, (Seal) D eputy. E. S. UPTON PRINTING CO., NEW ORLEANS — 26721 N O T I C E As t h i s case w i l l p ro b a b ly be a s s ig n e d f o r h e a r in g in New O r le a n s in May o r th e e a r ly p a r t o f June , NO e x te n s io n s f o r th e f i l i n g o f b r ie f s can be g ra n te d . I t i s , t h e r e fo r e , sugges ted th a t co u n se l f o r a p p e l la n t f u r n is h co u n se l f o r a p p e lle e w ith a carbon copy o f t h e i r b r i e f , a t th e tim e same i s p repa red and d e l iv e r e d f o r p r in t in g , t h e r e a f t e r s u b s t i t u t in g a p r in te d copy, so t h a t a l l b r i e f s may be f i l e d in advance o f th e h e a r in g . EDWARD W. WADSWORTH C le r k N O T I C E As t h i s case w i l l p ro b a b ly be a s s ig n e d f o r h e a r in g in New Orleans in Hay o r th e e a r ly p a r t o f June , NO e x te n s io n s f o r the filing of b r ie f s can be g ra n te d . I t i s , t h e r e fo r e , sugges ted t h a t co u n se l for a p p e lla n t f u r n is h cou n se l f o r a p p e lle e w ith a carbon copy o f t h e i r b r i e f , a t th e t im e same i s p repa red and delivered f o r p r in t in g , t h e r e a f t e r s u b s t i t u t in g a p r in te d copy, so t h a t a l l b r i e f s may be f i l e d in advance o f th e h e a r in g . EDWARD W. WADSWORTH C le r k ffimteb jifofos Qfouri trf JVppals for % Jlfifttj ffitrrutl New O r le a n s 6 , La. ferch 26,1957t g j , HHJBA ttOTH apRllS:i£y a alaor, by her bather m d tussb fr lm d + W iilE BORDERS, JIU , ST AL.# ______________________________ Appal l jjggfeg||______ 3 .6 ,433* versus i%« UHsIi; L« 3 1 2 ? ? , £>8 P r e s i d e o f Boan o f T ru stees o f th e D a lla s Independent School D is t r i c t -, ET .€, »»______________________________ A p p ellees. The The t im e r e c o r d i n t h e above e n t i t l e d c a s e i s i n f i n a l form f o r f i l i n g BRIEFS i s i n d i c a t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g r u l e RULE 24, Subsections 1 and 3 OF THIS COURT, HAS BEEN AMENDED TO READ AS FOLLOWS: 1. The Clerk shall mail a notice to each party or his counsel so soon as the record by printing, or otherwise, is in final form for a hearing. The counsel for the appellant, or petitioner, shall file with the Clerk of this court within thirty days from the receipt of such notice and at least fifteen days in ordinary cases and (5) five days in preference cases before the case is set for argument, twenty copies of a printed brief, one to be signed in handwriting by an attorney of this court who has entered an appearance in the case; together with a certificate that a copy has been mailed to or previously served on the opposite party or parties. Four copies of typewritten briefs in behalf of poor persons in forma pauperis cases, with a like certificate of service, shall be sufficient. 3. The Counsel for appellee or respondent shall file with the Clerk of this court within twenty (20) days from the service upon him of opponent’s brief, and at least five days before the case is set for argument in either ordinary or prefer ence cases, twenty copies of a printed brief, with a certificate that a copy has been mailed to or personally served on his opponent or opponents. His brief shall be of a like character with that required of the appellant or petitioner, except that no specification of errors shall be required and no statement of the case unless that presented by the appellant or petitioner is controverted. EDWARD W. WADSWORTH, C le r k . FPI ATLANTA----1 2 -1 8 -5 6 — 3M— -4377