Communications and Travel Between the First and Second Congressional Districts by Professor Alfred W. Stuart

    » PEL Tye 134 1998 1/12.98 

COMMUNICATIONS AND TRAVEL WITHIN 

THE FIRST AND SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS 

by 
‘Alfred W. Stuart 

Professor of Geography 

UNC Charlotte 

Introduction 

Communities of interest within political districts arise in great measure from the ability of 

people to travel within the district or to share various information sources. Important sources of 

information for many people are newspapers and television. Thus it is si gnificant to consider the 

circulation areas of newspapers and primary market areas for television broadcasts. In addition, 

the size of a district in relation to the available road network is a primary determinant of the extent 
to which people can travel. One of the principal motivations for such travel is the daily journey to 
work, which, in a modern economy, often involves trips to another county or community. People 

share information and opinions with their co-workers, thus forming a community of interest 
among people who live in a number of different places. The following analysis provides an 

overview of these indicators of travel and communications within the First and Twelfth 

Congressional Districts, 

Newspapers 

Table 1 summarizes the average daily circulation of the 20 largest daily newspapers 

published in North Carolina. Reflecting the broad dispersion of people, of the 10 largest, all but 

two had at least 30 percent of its circulation going to counties other than to the one in which it is 

published. Four distributed 40 percent or more outside their home counties, including the state’s 

two largest, the Charlotte Observer and the Raleigh News and Observer. By contrast, the smaller 
dailies generally serve only their home counties, with all of the 10 smallest having less than 20 

percent of their circulations in other counties. These proportions, especially the large numbers sent 
to outside counties by the larger dailies, are a measure of the influence that the larger cities have in 

the state. The extensive coverage of the large dailies also is an indication of the broad area in 
which people obtain some of their news, information and advertising. The Observer is circulated 

in 36 North Carolina counties and it is the leading paper in four counties outside Mecklenburg. 

 



  

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Over 113,000 of its total circulation was outside Mecklenburg County, more than the combined circulation of the six smallest dailies in the table. The News and Observer's reach in North Carolina is even more extens; ve, with circulation reported in 50 of the state’s counties and it is has the largest circulation of any newspaper in four counties other than Wake. 

Table 2 lists the nine daily newspapers that are published within the 20 counties that are included, at least in part, in the First District, Only the Goldsboro News-Argus and the Greenville Reflector are included in the state's 20 largest dailies. The Roanoke Rapids Herald is the only one that has as much as much as 20 percent of its circulation outside its home county and that exception Is probably due to the proximity of Roanoke Rapids to Northampton County, which does not have a competing newspaper. Thus, the Newspapers that are indigenous to the district are heavily onented to their immediate communities but it may be telling that the majority of the district counties do not host a daily newspaper. 

Twelfth District. There are only seven daily newspaper published in these counties byt they include three of North Carolina’s five largest paper (Table 4). As noted earlier, these large dailies, 

Television Market Areas 

Television viewing areas are known in the industry as Designated Market Areas(DMAs). These are market areas that are designated by the A.C. Nielson Company according to the 

 



    

     
    

       

bean { ? 
. ,. Math 

Source: NC Genera 

 



1/12/98 

? 

extend well into both the mountain and Coastal Plains while also completely covering the Piedmont. 

A comparison of the DMA in Figure 1 witht 
Districts in Figure 2 shows the extent to which te] 
The following is a summary of the respectiv 

he geographies of the 12 Congressional 
€vision coverage coincides with the district areas. 

€ coverages: 

-Portsmouth-Newport News DMA in Virginia. The northwestern part of the District is covered by the Raleigh-Durham DMA and the balance fas within the reach of stations in New Bern and Greenville. 

* Districts 2 and 4 both fa] entrely within the Raleigh-Durham DMA. 

* District 5 is dominated by stations in Greensboro-High Point and Winston-Salem but its westernmost county, Ashe, falls within the Charlotte market. 

* District 6 also is covered primarily by the Greensboro/ Winston-Salem/ High Point DMA but peripheral portions fall within the Charlotte and Ralej gh-Durham markets. 

 



  

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* District 9 falls entirely within the Charlotte market. 

* District 10 is mostly in the Charlotte DMA except for Wilkes and Yadkin Counties, which fall 
under Greensboro, and Mitchell County is in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, N.C.-S.C. 
market. 

* District 11 is covered largely by the Greenville-Spartanburg-Asheville- Anderson DMA but 
several peripheral counties are in the Atlanta, Chattanooga and Charlotte markets. 

* The elongated District 12 is divided almost equally between Charlotte and Greensboro/Winston- 
Salem and High Point. 

The advent of individual satellite dishes and direct television have no doubt served to 
weaken the dependence on coverage from local stations but people must still go to nearby outlets to 
get news on local events and news, including political elections. This weakening of ties to local 
stations may be offset by the often cited tendency for more people to get their new's from television 
than from newspapers or other traditional outlets. The preceding analysis makes it clear that 
television, by its nature, covers broader geographies than do most newspapers, helping to forge 
communities of interest that transcend traditional community or county identities. 

Travel Times 

Access by hi ghway is a function of both the size and shape of a district but especially of the 
nature of the highway network that covers it. To illustrate this point, points were selected within 
each district that are identifiable on a hi ghway map and which approximate maximum distances 
across the district. In several cases (Districts 1, 3 and 7) where the distance appears to be about the 
same length in several directions, several pairs of points were selected. These pairs of points were 
entered into a sophisticated computer model that contained the entire hi ghway network for North 
Carolina and also information on the nature of the road (number of lanes, etc.) and speed limits. 
The model then chose the route that represented the minimum travel time and the mileage of each 
path. These travel distances are summarized in Table 6. Maps included in the Appendix outline 
each of the routes. 

The minimum travel time and distance (1.26 hours and 64 miles) for all of the Districts was 
that calculated for the relatively compact Ninth District, the route for which follows primarily I-85 

 



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and some of U.S. 74. In addition, Districts 2, 4, 6 and 12 have travel times of less than two hours. In contrast, District 4, on each of two routes, has the longest paths because of, again, the size of the district and the nature of the road network. The routes begin on the elongated Outer Banks and go both either west or south. Representative of the best hj ghways through the District in U.S. 17, not an Interstate. Both routes are estimated to take over four hours and are close to or more than 200 miles long. 

Inter-County Commuting 

The daily trip to work is a very important measure of interaction between places, what geographers refer to as spatial interaction. Historically, North Carolinians have been willing to travel considerable distances to a Job, reflecting the long-standing, dispersed character of the state. As noted above, this brings together people together from a variety of locations and communities for a significant part of the day, forming new and perhaps diverse communities of interest that are more dispersed than the compact community where they live the rest of the day. 

Tables 7 and 8 provide measures of inter-county commuting within the First and Twelfth Districts, respectively. These data are from the 1990 Census. Unfortunately the decennial Census is the only source of these statistics. In Figure 7 travel flows are shown In terms of commuting from the host of rural counties that are covered by District 1 into the several metropolitan areas in and around the District that serve as major job magnets for the District. Rocky Mount, right on the edge of the District, and Greenville, central to the District, are the leading destinations for commuters. Wake County is another major destination even though it is some distance from most of the District. Most of the commuters who travel daily into Virginia go to jobs in the Norfolk area. 

Within District 12 the numbers of commuters are much larger and there is a strong suburbs lO metropolitan center component to these flows. This is especially apparent in the numbers of commuters who go from Iredell and Rowan into Mecklenburg or from Davidson into both Forsyth and Guilford. However, this are strong flows also between several pairs of suburban counties, particularlt the Rowan -Iredell and Rowan-Davidson pairs. Furthermore, the strongest flows of all are between the two core metropolitan counties in the Triad, Forsyth and Guilford.  



  

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Conclusions 

The statistics presented in this analysis indicate that even though most of the Congressional Districts in North Carolina are rather extensive and not always compact, people often trave] considerable distances to work, read out-of-town Newspapers and get local news from television stations that are some distance away. All of this tends to belie notions about self-contained communities in which residents rarely travel much or share their thoughts with anyone other than their immediate neighbors. Unlike their ancestors, many contemporary North Carolinians daily travel and receive information at a regional scale. 

 



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TABLE | 

CIRCULATION OF MAJOR DAILY NEWSPAPERS 

The 20 Largest Dailies 

  

1997 

Daily 
Percent Outside Newspaper 

Circulation 
Home County 

Charlotte Observer 
238,216 

47.5% Raleigh News & Observer 159618 
44.5 Winston-Salem Journal 91,386 
35.2 Greensboro News & Record 90,331 
25.7 Fayetteville Observer-Times 

73.732 
36.4 

Asheville Citizen-Times 
59,050 

40.5 Wilmington Morning Star 51,987 
33.6 Durham Herald-Sun 

51,404 
35.2 Gaston Gazerre 

38,389 
12.9 High Point Enterprise 30,237 
42.8 

Burlington Times-News 37.259 
4.7 Salisbury Post 

25,468 
12.2 Goldsboro News-Argus 20.053 
9.2 Jacksonville Daily News 21,886 

16.0 Hendersonville T: imes-News 15,753 
11.0 

Hickory Daily Record 19,585 
14.6 Greenville Daily Reflector 19.425 
11.8 Wilson Daily Times 16,94] 
17.0 Asheboro Courier-T; ribune 16,901 
15.8 

6.8 

Shelby Siar 16,595 

Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations’ FAS-FAX Report-March 31,1997 and Audit Bureau Circulations/County Penetration Report, 4-15.97, 

 



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TABLE 2 
DAILY NEWSPAPERS IN THE FIRST DISTRICT 

  

  

Outside Newspaper (County) Daily Circulation 
Home County 

Washington News 
9,847 

11.0% Rocky Mt. Telegram ( Edgecombe, Nash) 14,930 
27 Roanoke Rapids Herald(Halifax) 

13,001 
17.8 New Bern Sun Journal (Craven) 

15,560 
16.5 Kinston Free Press (Lenoir) 

12273 
57 Greenville Reflector (Prt) 

19,425 
11.8 Henderson Daily Dispatch (Vance) 8,725 
12.9 Wilson Times (Wilson) 

16,94] 
17.0 Goldsboro News-Argus (Wayne) 22,063 
0.2 

Source: Audit Bureay of Circulations’ FAS-FAX Report-March 31,1997 and Audit Bureau Circulations/County Penetration Report, 4-15-97. 

 



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TABLE 3 

CIRCULATION OF THE RALEIGH NEWS & OBSERVER 
IN COUNTIES OF THE FIRST DISTRICT 

  

~ County 
Circulation Rank/Total 

Beaufort 
580 5 Bertie 
225 182 

Craven 
2,455 26 

Edgecombe 
1.275 2/4 

Gates 
0 % Granville 
555 3/4 Greene 
218 3/5 

Halifax 
1,167 2/6 Hertford 
224 45 Jones 
0 %/3 Lenoir 
1,429 2/4 

Martin 
538 2/4 Northampton 
304 2/4 Person 
0 x/2 Pitt 
2,130 2/4 Vance 
685 2/4 Warren 
210 3/3 Washington 
360 272 Wayne 
2.302 2/6 Wilson 
2,382 2/4 

Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations/ County Penetration Report, 4-15-97. 

 



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TABLE 4 

  

DAILY NEWSPAPERS IN THE TWELFTH DISTRICT 

  

Outside 
Newspaper (County) Daily Circulation Home County 

Lexington Dispatch (Davidson) 13,430 2.0% 
Winston-Salem Journal (Forsyth) 91,386 2 
Greensboro News & Record (Guilford) 90,331 25.7 
High Point Enterprise (Guilford) 30,237 42.8 
Statesville Record & [_andmark (Iredell) 16,021 

. 
Charlotte Observer (Mecklenburg) 238.216 47.5 
Salisbury Post (Rowan) 25,468 12.2 

Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations’ FAS-FAX Report-March 31,1997 and Audit Bureau 
Circulations/County Penetration Report, 4-15-97. 

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TABLE § 

  

CIRCULATION OF OUTSIDE MAJOR DAILIES 
IN COUNTIES OF THE TWELFTH DISTRICT 

  

Charlotte Greensboro Winston-Salem County Observer News & Record Journal 

Davidson 123 2,455 5.542 
Forsyth 200 1,165 iy 
Guilford 273 * 64 
Iredell 8,545 0 362 
Mecklenburg * 0 0 
Rowan 3.355 0 0 

Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations/ County Penetration Report, 4-15-97. 

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TABLE 6 

  

NORTH CAROLINA 
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS 

Estimated Maximum Travel Distances Within Districts 

  

District Destinations Time(hrs.) Distance(mi.) : 
1 Roxboro to Sunbury 3.03 151 
1 Sunbury to Goldsboro 2.73 143 

2 Johnsonville to Exit 150 
| on I-95 1.90 114 

3 Holly Ridge to Corolla 4.97 233 
3 Dobbersville to Whalebope 4.12 193 
4 Carbonton to Picks 1.59 67 
5 Ashland to Leasburg 3.47 173 
6 Eli Whitney to Landis 1.78 G8 
) Hope Mills to Southport 224 104 
7 Rowland to Surf City 2.46 117 
8 Harrisburg to Red Springs 2.36 106 
S Matthews to Boiling Springs 1.26 64 
10" East Bend to Poplar. 2.64 123 
11 Cliffside to Oak Park 3.58 178 
12 Greensboro to Charlotte 1.67 05 

 



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Table 7 

  

Inter-County Commuting Within the First District 

  

  

FROM 
TO 

Cumberland Nash N.Hanover Pitt Wake County (Fayettev.) (Rocky Mt) (Wilm.) (Greenv.) (Raleigh) Virginia Beaufort 6 28 0 1,662 68 47 Bertie 6 0 3 40 16 344 Craven 25 10 13 434 51 210 Edgecombe 13 8,235 10 549 134 75 Gates 0 0 0 0 6 1,685 Granville 0 0 0 2 1,291 411 Greene 0 36 7 1,586 11 28 Halifax 0 1,731 0 75 117 834 Hertford 0 24 10 7 7 1,043 Jones 0 16 b 28 18 2 Lenoir 67 66 ol 1,059 153 25 Martin 3 62 7 896 20 49 Northampton 0 68 0 10 28 623 Person 0 10 0 5 297 253 Pitt 56 186 46 : 214 77 Vance 0 32 0 17 482 167 Warren : 9 123 0 0 339 120 Washington 0 14 0 0 3 18 Wayne 49 126 8 225 615 70 Wilson 15 2,031 10 339 721 39 TOTAL 249 12,798 144 6,934 4,591 6,120 

  
Source: U.S. Census, STF 3.,1990 

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Table 8 

  

Inter-County Commuting From Counties of the 12th District to Selected Other Counties 

  

  
  

FROM 
TO 

County Alam. David. Durham Forsvth Guilf. Iredell Meck. Rowan 
Davidson 27 --- 31 9,926 11,581 32 359 1,196 
Forsyth 132 1,315 53 --- 13,320 171 496 137 
Guilford 3,146 1,899 284 5,407 — 46 414 175 
Iredell 4 33 18 208 88 --- 5,932 1,144 
Meck. 11 46 95 1% 280 819 --- 398 
Rowan 36 1,101 13 179 256 1,789 3,278 -— 
TOTAL 3,396 4,394 494 15,916 25,525 2,857 10,479 3,050 
Note: Commuting values are only for the counties listed. They do not represent the total commuting 
into or out from these counties. 

    

Source: U.S. Census, STF 3, 1990. 

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APPENDIX 

MAXIMUM TRAVEL TIME/DISTANCE MAPS 

15 

 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 1: Travel Time and Distance 

  

oD ANVIL EVA ot 

    
  

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rad fi Yai 5 
N 

i’ ES ES a “» hy ! | 

oy 4 ow? rit \s 
Sy NC “1a i BERTIE NC be 2 A MAN » B\ 3 : 

vi 

  

  

  

   

  

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ERET NC ; 0 10 20 30 

Fabs HG NRE 7 ERLRTL Pe TE CK Yio ties, . 

    DUPLIN NC         

  

  

 



    

North Carolina Congressional District 2: Travel Time and Distance 

iad roa Tr NC 

HALIFAX NC 

E it 150 on 198 ‘ 

ea z= BERTIE NC 

EDGECOMBE i 

MARTIN NC / 

        
     NASH NC 

   
   
    

    

  

   
    

JOHNSTQ 

      

7 HARNETT N 
J 

ONTGOMERY N 
ohnsonville 

  

   
C 

      

       

J rt rs 

    

mat Cy PA 
RAE ; el 

JO Map Features 
Lee) [ ]counties 

DUPLIN NC 2) 1997 Districts 
0 9 18 27 : 

: — e—— COTLAND N XxX Rese redid Lo NL Mies os 

ICHMOND NC HOKE NC NSON NC 

>:
 
—d
 

                

 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 4: 

  

  

[5s a Sa 

___ROCKINGHAM NC Sp REC HAM N CASWELL NC 

GUILF 

LAMANCEINC PANG 

RANDOLPH NC CHATHAM NC   
  

ORANGE NC 

ERSON NC 

Picks S LLE NC 

I, 

| | Jr 
ig N yi 

LEBHAM NC Ad ./ 
oy b: oo) 

  

hours/66.8 miles 
  

  

WAKE NC 

  

Travel Time and Distance 

  

ps yp pecs 

Ji 
= 

’ WARREN NC 
VANCE NC 

/ 
ff 

2 

7 

FRANKLIN NC 

7 NASH NG 
<. of 

¥ : / 

JOHNSTON NC 

  

  

Lo 
Map Features 

[ |Counties 
=) 1997 Districts 

0 6 10 15 
I——— S— 

Miles ™ 

[ 

      

 



North Carolina Congressional District 5: Travel Time and Distance 

  

    ET TE a TT ta. 
i 

SMYTH VA too MYTH 
pe hs PITTSYLVANIA VA 

5 
HALIFAX VA VASHINGTON VA 

| SOUTH BOST os ot PATRICK VA \ MARTINS VILLE VA at oh 
un” 

\ 
r 7 

5 

VA i = 
gif 

i cis Pre} { 
DANVICLE VA / 

& 

i \ Bi 

ib 

Le Ashland MN ALLEGHANY NC / ~~ JOHNSON T ; ( 
gt ; : NC 1» 3 
be p! SURRY NC STOKES NC _ROEKINGHAM NC 

WATAUGA NC 

AVERY NC 

ND 3.47 hours/172.97 miles| 
fd 

  

A et 

  
  

  

ALEXANDER N DAVIE NC 

IREDELJ NC 
J 

BURKE NC 

(: 
vi 

\ 
RANDOLPH NC ATHAM NC DJ §. Map Features / ne 7s 

  

  
Counties 

1997 Districts 
  

          
    

 



North Carolina Congressional District 6: Travel Time and Distance 

[= 
WILKES NC oar} 

pr 2008 

ALEXANDER NC 

359 / IREDEL 

CATAWBA NC y 

iE 
\ [y 

LINCOLN NC & d 

    
  

YADKIN NC 

nN 

DAVIE NC 

CABARRUS NC 7 

STANLY NC 

= 
HARNETT NC \_ 

\ 4 \ : MOORE NC : | Fe 

Map Features 
[_ ]counties 
2) 1997 Districts 

14       

  

 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 7: Travel Time and Distance 

  

      
    

      

  

     

  

   

  

  
  

     

BRE Taya «© HARNETTRG a, WA Ly Ne PONTGOMERY Nd MOORE NC ; ) 

Sod ata 

AMB¥RLAND N 
| RICHMOND NC | -~ HOKE NC SANRSG 

: : 
ANSON NC \ 

2 Hope Mills DUPLIN NC Ly al 
§COTLAND IN {25 4 J Co ART 

, : 
\ 

"Fo £ 3 / ” [ ¥y La / \ re soem ONSfONG | Op dn STERFIELD SC 2 roseson I 2.24 hours/103, 7 miles s| / Is UE hy ARLBORO SC oo BADRNCT, La / 
™ "¥ 

f ) PENDER NC ¥ Te Rowland vA, Pe Surf Ci I 4 die {2.46 hours/116.7 miles jp : / DILLON SC i ‘N--- SER) un | N 4! DARLINGTONSC  \ wu g hy 
il % af “pty COLUMBUS NC 7 

ESC pad / ni =a! | ul 5 g 
of 

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| 

: MARION 5 A BRURSWICK NC A | FLORENCE SC f 
i} ia ls ™ 

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4 

Ig! 
3 Bp 

w 7 
a7: 

Map Features a Lo HORRY SC JE & TPT ONY, []counties ad fi. Pe. 4 i EE) 1997 Districts % 7 Bie be! ~~ 0 10 20 30 
d ” 

Miles : 
an aa CPR NES a J dn ny 0, Tg rr 

: 

    

 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 8: Travel Time and Distance 

  

KLENBURGIR 

  

| Map Features 
[Counties 
231997 Districts 

    

  

CABARRUS NC 

   \\ arrisburg 

i orl X. ot )) IPE Ne tah, 

[2.36 hoursi105.97 miles) 
4 RICHMOND NC 

__ LANCASTER SC LS 

    
    

  

  

CHESTERFIELD SC 

pr 
12 18 

ee. _. 

Wed ty 

d 
STANLY NC 1 

| 

\ hi 

MONTGOMERY NC 

ARLBORO SC 

MOORE NC 

HOKE NC 

ROBESON NC 

  

HARNETT NC 

  

  
 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 9- Travel Time and Distance 

I 
  

  
LINCOLN NC 

CABARRUS NC   
TL 

CLEVELAND NC { 

1.26 hours/63.3 miles [§        
        Boiling Springs 

    N 
: 

Map Features Ny 
J Counties 

CHEROKEE SC ) 
/ ¢ wl 

ROKEES 3 
) ; 31997 Districts TENANT 

0 3 & 9 \ 7 — —— 

; 

1 F 
; Miles     

 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 10: Travel Time and Distance 

       

   

   
   
     

  

    

  

        

    

       

  

  

  
        

AA TTT TTT I TORAYSONVA TOT AMMA WR re me ees pF gh Sp ede i 3 \ VN fi 
ey Te. 2 

Ey 

gor > Se . olka 
"al J 

be Jud? ALLEGHANY NC 
JOHNSON TN 

7 ASHE NC oo ) ( 
SURRY NC STOKES NC 

2.64 hours/122.7 miles] i 
WILKES NC 

EastiBend J YADKIN NC 
UNICO! of : 

FOR CA Poplar ; ky 
IN pn rel wi jx bor, LL NC 

; CALDWELL NC 
ALEXANDER NC DAVIE NC YANCEY NC XN | 

C 1 : \ 
Sw 3 CL p IREDELINC 

Speak 3 2 Py 4 / 

a FE : Qy — Sd Y oy EY BURKE NC N 

) £ MCDOWELL NC 
y \ ¥ Map Features CATAWBA NC Ea) 2 [ ]countles 

’ »ix 2) 1997 Districts 4) A yp 0 6 12 18 Rr a i — — Ae a 
, Miles pe 

N   
  

  

 



    

North Carolina Congressional District 11: Travel Time and Distance 

  

  

    

  

    
    
   

     

     

  

   

  

  
a 

( TRANSYLVANIA NC 

  

   

  

  
    EENVILLE Sq 

UNION GA 
  

  

  
          

TTTUNY — .—- *z BE AES ERE er ea 

SEsseRson} D AVERY NC \ Sy Dr bY ELL N S 

oy CALDWELL NC ~ OCKETN T {: .. hy Te \ YANCEY NC \ Ne ISON NC 1 ™ 
SEVIER TN ay 3 Ne 

all IARY BURKE NC 
oI fo? 

BLOUNT TN : Por MCDOWELL NC 

i} BUNT OMBE NC 
HAYWOOQ 

SWAIN NC al 7 
MONROE TN 

~~ RUTHERFORD NC 

NC \ LEVELAND NC ( 

  

| 

® 

{ 

  Map Features 
[__ |Counties 
2] 1997 Districts 

™~ 0 9 18 27 
La. | 

 



  

North Carolina Congressional District 12: 

  

  

YADKIN NC 

  

DAVIE NC 

  

   

      

To so — —— 

    

  

  

   
UNION NC 

TAUGA NC 
WILKES NC 

Y 
i SA 

CALDWELL NC 

ALEXANDER NC 

JRKE NC 

CATAWBA NC 

a \ CHEROKEE ¢ AW 

YORK SC 

,   

  

  

  

{RICHMOND NC 
ANSON NC { 

    

   

    

   
        

     

    

BR HATHAMNG uf 4 

MOORE NC 

  

  

Ss 2 RR 

~ 

ORANGE NC 
URHAM 

Travel Time and Distance 

7 
iL 

    

LL 
a 

HARNET1 

Map Features 
[ ]counties 
31997 Districts 

0 8 
em 

16 

Miles 

   

24