Simpson v CU Boulder Brief of Amici Curiae

    i

t
N

,..'l; .t

JOHN Q. SCHELL
General Managet

RICK GUNTER, EditorialPage Nitor
BILL MOORE and JOHN PARRIS, Senior Eclitors

BOB TERRELL, Associate Editor
LARRY POPE, Managing Editor

Thursdoy, Feb.2, 1984

1\o Appeal? Please
I A movement is under way
4mong some members of the
North Carolina General Assem-
bly to appeal a'recent federal
eourt ruling that would require
the Legislature to redraw the
boundaries of five House and two
Senate districts.
, We hope they decide not to
do it. The hide already has been
Oayed from that dead horse. To
pursue an appeal now would be
an exercise in wishful thinking.. It also would be almost cer-
tainly futile and inevitably ex?en-
sive.
' The federal court ruling
found that the boundaries of th6
Seven districts, as they are now
drawq violate federal voting
rights laws.. This is not the first time the
North Carolina Legislature and
the federal court system have
been at loggerheads about voting
district boundaries.

Several times in the past the
Legislature has gone to the mat
with the courts. And the Legisla-
ture has lost.i In every case the Legislature
has been forced to appropriate
considerable sums of money to
pay legal costs involved. In every
case attorneys already in the em-
ploy of the state have been tied
up for months in the same losing
causes.

A state senator from Dur-
ham, in advocating an appeal,
said recently, "I'm tired of the
court system running the coun-
try."

Perhaps the taxpayers of

North Carolina are tired of wast-
ing money on futile }awsuits in.
tended to preserve the legislative
seats of one or more professional
politiciars who might be dise-
lected if the boundaries of their
districts are changed to make
them legal

Anotler legulator, this one
from Walce County, said the court
ruling, if allowed to stan{ would
"set a terrible precedent not only
for. North Carolina but for the
rest of thb country."

He said the ruling wonld sig-
nify that identifiable groups of
minorities can force lawmakers
to draw political suMivisions in
which they become tlte majori-
ties.

Anyone who buys this line of
reasoning is capable of believe
ing that babies are found urder
cabbage leaves.

What the federal law does is
to attempt to ensure that minori-
ties are given a fair chance to
achieve some representation in
legislative bodies such as state
legislatures, that they cannot be
unfairly excluded from represen-
tation by district lines drawn so
as to ersure that minorities will
forever remain politically power-
less.

The operative word is "fair"
and it is part of the law of the
land.

Let's not have another ex.
pensive attempt to stop the tide
from coming in. The Legislature
can find much better uses for the
taxpayers' money.

GTilEASHEVILLE CTTTZE
. ,,iir,;r^,.

' g,AMES B. WILSON
Executive Editor

Poge 4



lEreensboro Daily
Robert D. Benson, president and pubtisher

Ben Bowers, Executive Editor

John R. Alexander, Editoriat page Ediror

Ned Cline, Managing Ediror

PAGE 12 TUESDAY, JANUARY 3I, 1984 SECTION A

Return to Raleigh
. The N.C. General Assembly has two

choices in the endless legal maze of leg-
islative redistricting. Ii can return Io
Raleigh for a special session to correct
its error, or it can go back to court and
rvaste more time and money trying to
defend a flawed system.

That's not much of a choice. But the
General Assembly knew better when it
adopted legislative redistricting plans
in 1982 after long and heated debate.
Now a three-judge federal panel has
said what some legislative staff advis-
ers were saying two years ago: Portions
of the House and Senate plans violate
the federal Voting Rights Act. In a
strongly-worded opinion handed down
last week, thejudges gave the state un-
til mid-March to correct the plans or
risk having them redrawn by the court.

The judges said that black voting'
strength was diluted in five House dis-
tricts and two Senate districts, amount-
ing to an unconstitutional submerging
of the minority vote. Although an in-
creasing number of black legislators
had been elected to office in recent
years, the judges wrote, "it has not
proceeded to the point of overcoming
still-entrenched racial vote polarization
and indeed has apparently done little to
diminish the level of that single most
powerful factor in causing racial vote
dilution."

The lawsuit involved a challenge
against the use of multi-member dis-
tricts in areas where single-member
districts with majority black popula-
tions could otherwise be drawn. Guil-
ford County is acutely familiar with the '
problem. Its House and Senate districts
were carved up in 1982 to create a mix
of multi- and single-member districts.
The purpose was to create two districts
rvhere black voting strength would be
suflicient to elect black legislators.

But the legislature foolishly declined

ers.

to take similar action in other areas
with substantial numbers of black vot-
ers. They included Wake, Durham,
Forsyth and Mecklenburg counties.

Legislators from those areas argued
against single-member districts, saying.
they produced topsy-turvy districts ancl
actually digrinished the political clout of
both black and white voters by reduc-
ing the number of legislators a citizen
may vote for. But U.S. Justice Depart-
ment rulings in 1981 and lg82 made it
clear that single-member districts
should be adopted where there was a
substantial concentration of black vot-

Now the General Assembly should
try again, and quickly. Timing is just
one reason that the legislature ought to
revise the districts pronto. The state
primary election is May 8, and many
candidates haye already filed for legis-
lative seats. The legislature should ex-
tend the filing period for House and
Senate seats only and redraw legisla-
tive distribts as quickly as possible-.

It shouldn't be that hard ajob. In the
five House districts and one of the Sen-
ate districts involved, single-member
districts can be drawn without affecting
neighboring counties and other dis-
tricts. But in the remaining Senate dis-
trict, which already is a single-member
district, the legislature will have to
shift other district lines to draw a new
majority-l;l-ck district.

The legislature must correct its
errors. Out of fairness, lawmakers
should quickly redraw single-member
districts in the affected areas so that
the May 8 primary election can proceed
as scheduled. And while they are in Ra-
leigh, legislators ought to get used to
the idea that single-member districts
are the wave of the future, like it or
not.



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tocAL
From Charlotte And The Carolinas ( Business News, page 58)

!,egislatioe P anel T o lleeida
'--.a

l{.C. Might Appeal Redistricting Case
BY KEN ALLEN

RaLldt Buralu

RALEIGH - Support grew among N.C.leg'
islative leaders Monday to appeal a federal
court's decision that seven legislative districts
violate federal voting rights law and must be
redrawn.

The nearness of the May 8 primary elections
and the complications of ,redistricting contrib'
uted to the mood. Also in evidence was resis'
tance on the part of some legislators at the
thought of being pushed around by the federal
courts.

"I'm gettlng tlred of the court system run'
ning the country," said state Sen. Ken Royall,
D-Durham, a member of the legislative leader'
ship that will decide this week whether to
appeal.

In an opinion issued Friday, a three.judge
panel in the U.S. 4th Judicial Circuit concluded
that flve House districts and two Senate dis'
tricts 'were Orawi.in such a way that "black
registered voters (are) being srrh'norged ,rs a
voting minoritr'."

Ramsey RoyaII

The judges gave the General Assembly until
March 16 to draw new districts that cohcen-
trate the black vote and allow black voters to
"elect the candidate of their choice."

Mecklenburg's eight-seat House distrlct and
ths fotrr-srat Senate .list:ict that inclrr;{os
Met:klerrburg and Caharrur: corrrrtics i I c

among the districts the court said were un-
fairly drawn.

The others are four House districts that rep-
resent Forsyth County (Winston-Salem), Wake
County (Raleigh), Durham County (Durham)
and Nash, Edgecombe and Wilson counties
east of Raleigh, and a Senate district covering
all or part of nine counties in the northeast.

All but the northeast Senate district are
multimember districts in which voters get to
elect more than one person. The northeast

jl'Jr.T,:li,llliilTr3l"{,iili,iilx""l;,1}:,1ff O
a large, predominantly black area, minimizing
the black majority.

If the state doesn't meet the iudges' deadline
in redrawing district lines, the federal courts
could do so. Redistricting now r,r,ould require a
special session of the General Assenrbll,,
which several members sald Monday thriy
aren't eager to do with elections approaching
and a one-month budget session scheduled to

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Gratified,
Continued From Preceding Page
had lobbied the General AssemblY
earlier that Year when she 'was

working for Legal Services. She
was trying to salvage state Medic'
aid benefits orderPd cu? bY the
Reagan administration. - 

'
"iwas familiar with the legisla'

ture.' I basically understood what
they were talking about,". -she
said.

She sald she learned how to,be
an effective advocate under d

mentor, U.S. District Judge James
McMillan. She was his law clerk
in 1976-77. He taught her a Pre'
carious balance between Eaking
ch.a3,rg!!, ln;d,making 

-y3t qi,il.
said. ""' '' ! :

"I view him as a very wise Per'
son, at once courageous enough to
do what he thinks needs to be
done, but not inclined to rock the
boat any more than necessary to
do what .needs to be accom-
plished," she said. :''

Judge McMillan said he learned
from -Winner as much as 'she

learned from him. "I'd claim her
for a daughter," he. said. "She's
done so manY consistently good

things." ., . '

She has spoken out against cuts
L in aid to the poor, lobbied for Eliz'
6 abeth neighborhood conc-erns-and
> Lst v""r ias President of the N'C'
f association of Women Attorneys'
i en Asheville native, she an'

nounced for a state House seat as

a Democral. earlier this' month'
Her older brother, Dennis, is a
state senator 

'f rom Buncombe
CountY.



A politicol house divicled ...
Prcsidcnt Ilcagan's ilnnoullce-

ment that hc w'ill run for r':election
is auti-cliniatic but nonetheless
welcomc nc\t's to the nation's lte'
publicans. N{r. Reagr.rn is tlte stetr
nlaver ol tlte GOi' tcattr. IIe ltas no
lha"lle ngcrs rvithin tllu part)' ranks.
The l{epublican prcsidential nomi'
natiorl i.'; lris for tbe asking'

r\!though tht.'re arc factors that
r:ould tantish NIr. Ilcagan's poptl'
larity and tltrvar-t ltis attempt to
servb a second lerlil - thc Arneri-
can invol,venlcnt ilt Lt--llanon lnd
the rvhopping budtlct clef icit, f or
ex:lnrJrle - the prcsidettt's greatest
assct during the lllti'l elcction cam'
pai13n is lillely to l.re the infigttting
within thc Dcrnocrutic PartY'

V/hile Republicans rvill l;e able
to build on an already' solid basc of
support for a PoPttlar incunlbent,
thc eight Democratic hopeluls will
be verbally slugging it out along
the campilign trail. The It+:publi'
c{rns arc united; I)emocrats' loyal-
ties are split. The Ilepublicaits can
point Io some real success0s, pur'

iicularlf in the area of economics;
thr: l)cmocrats, rvho last hcld of fice
rvhen interest rattes aud unemploy'
nrcnt figures were high, rvill have
to rely on promises.

i\t the Inoment, lhe Democrats
are a disortlcrly bunch, struggling
to find a ttominee, without a clear
direction or a clear lt'ader for their
party. Rut thcy retaitr some poteirt
weap,,ns. One is thcir edge in voter
rt,gistration. A second is the fear
many voters have oi the Reagan
foreigir atld nuclear policies. - A
thirrl is the rvidespread Jrerception
t!rat l{eagan RePublicanism has
little reai ptace for thc interests of
wonlL-n and minorities. And a

fourth is the feeling that with Sood
timcs having', returned, a change
can safelY bc tnade.

The president's task is to calm
the uuease caused llY some of Rea-
ganism's rough eclges, without
abandoning the policies that are re-
sponsible lor recoverY at home and
stronger standing abroad.



T'mn Cuanr0rln Nnws
Ior_t'E Nr_u

IIICIIT\ITI) A. ()PPEI-
l.t Ptc5idcnt ond Pubhrhc.

TO}t URADBUI{Y
ttd!n* tJ,bt tdfi.dt Pofr

lll, .,,,,r,.rr,i..., DENNIS SODOfTKA, rsrnr.ryryfJa,
llOllllR IO SU^liEZ, Ge,d aowt

I(,E5OAY lrltiuaRY tt, lt3l

t:r''

IIARK [.I ltRIt)(;I

{1, ...
'/ . ,'. ,-

Re d ist ri c fi n g : lAp pea I ?
$,/c rvould not trr!lu(. th:rt lJrlrtlr

Carolirra's lt,1ii:;liltirc r(,(li.strictinl.i
is purc as thc clrivt'n sno\\,. Ijut
ncithur rvorrld ri'c iikc to sce tllo
statc silnpl-\,accept tir(, last \t'cck's
rulin.g .that tourrtvrvirlt' lt-largc
Ir'gislltivu tlislricts likc ilceklcn-
burg's are ll(,cossarilv ininricablr trr
the intt,rests of blacl<s. -lhr, stato
ought to llrl<e a closc krok at ap-
pcaling tllat filrt 0f tlle ordcr.

_ Wc rc-colinizr,that tlre nrlirrlg
from llrc tlrrt,r.-;trtl11r' flrt,.1;s1 P1l11,,I
has a lut of lri,;iorr: hrhind ir. Ih(,
pendulunr 0f political equalin, hrs
srvun;.1 rVidcl5, in tlris c,Irrrrri,.,\t
lhe nriddlc of tltP last con(ur\', tllP
pertdulurrr ltlcl srvrrrrg sr) hr tllilt
the trluality of virtually all lrllck
Anrericarrs had btcn de'nicd. lI took
a civil \\'ar to reverse tht- dircction,
and tlre intermittent irrtr:rIcnti0rr
since thcn of cvery branch of plor'-
€'rnntt,nt lo sL'nd thc p1'11611111111,

buck torvtrrd ctluality for irl:rcks.
The VUlirrg Itigllts nct ()f ll)r;s

was amoqg the most p()tr,nt ()f
those int!.i\'('ntions. It:i rtcLl-(.r)n-
scious prorisions tvcre il llr.cr.ss:lrv
antidOl(. lo lr;g111 apd stilt(. gor',,rri-
ments' racc-cr)nscious oi)structiolls
erected t() (l(.ny blat:lis politie:rl
c'quality. ,\ll p ,rsons of r1t,od *,ill
look to tllc dav that l mcc-con-
sciOus Votinq Ilight-s r\ct r,,.orrlrl ht,
us anacltronistic as thc l'o\.rn)ntlnt
behavirtr it \vas desillllr.(l to orrt-
law.
The courl's intervention

Sadll', thut that drt' has not ',.r,r
lrrivt.rl cvr,t\'\\'llr.ro. 

'l lttrc r',,trs a
l)ittlr'fn uf t ltt t, tunsCiotrs:tt.:;s in
sotne oI thc N.(]. Ge rrt'rul r\ssr,nt-
bl1":; I ltSl r{.'(lisrricting. :\ p1-i1111'

cxlrrtlrll. \\'J:j tho oost('rrr N(,rtlr
Carolrrtl sCn;rlrrrial (listrict thirt
split c()unti(,s t() sl)lit I ho bl:rck
\ ulu. r\t lt,ast sotrt,: ol llrst. \!,('(.li.'s
iItcl i ('nti{,r) lrv tltc Jt.r(li:r,s il,as jtrs-
tif it'd.

It is in tllc t'tiltrrrr' (rf pt,ndtrltrrrrr;.
hrrrvevt,r, to s\\,in{t lxrcli pest tlre
crntcr. /\nd our ft,ilr is tllilt tllL'
changcs sotrlrht bv th0 court arc
alrnost c{,rlllilt ti) J)(rl)etuilto nr'\\'
Iacc-cclltsciorrsn(,ss in th0 nitnl(' {)f
I t lllO\ ill;l Uld I:lr r.-(rrDst iorlSil,..s.
Sun)o otll('r clrIr isherl virlrr0s 0[
,,r)l)ullrr llr)\'(,rnn)(.11t will l)(' l{)st irs
,';,.1 l.

Defc:cts ancl rentedies
.1,r,:lr ;rlr116;1'5 1 ; 111 .,..11

til):1.( r1,....,l :.,,,, 1.,-,\ UIt,,,,,. l;,,, ,,rl rl ' i,tr ,rlr.r\ I it(, ;)r,..r ilr ( (,i ll. ,l,,rtr lrl.rr k ii,r lli,ilr.II {,\l(l,.ri( (. ilr.ltr)lirLli.,, :l (irtirf:,,r ill lll,, t.,,rlnl\..s

population, are "subrnerged as a
voting nlinorit1,.",\nd it is tru!.
that in the count],-\\'ide at-largc
'prin)aries and t'ic.ctions, blaciis
havc bt'r:n succcssftrl le.ss often
than whitcs.

Ilut the probablo "rcnredies" for
Mecklrnburg's I Iousc clelegation
ar(] not tvithout thcir otvn ltrob-
It'nrs. 1'hey $,()uld, for cxanrple,,
confine nrost black voting strength
to on(. or two districts. 'fhat could,
inde c<I, rt'sult in a larilrtr nuntbcr oi
blacl< rrprcscntativcs in I{alt-i1ih.

Ilut bY conccntritting black
votcs, tlte plan r'"ould lttavt' six of
thc t'iillrt rcpresentati!,cs effec-
tivclt' frcc of obligiltion to nlost
l)lircli votl:rs. 'l hose six rvould not
huve to court blacks' \.otes as all
eiitht (lo no',v. 'l'hose si.\ would not
hrvt, to acquaint thcnlsolves with
problt'nrs facing tht black conrnru.
nit) . fhc result could bt' a serious
erosion of black political influcnce

- prccisely opposite the cffcct
sought by the Voting Iiights Act.'[irilt rvould be. tspcciulll, true of
one tlf t.l;e ptrs.sibie renrt'tlies: divirl-
ing the count.\, into two districts -a rvhitc district electing six at-
largt. rt.prcst'rrtatives :utd a black
district clectinli trr.o.

r\lrd rvherc \\,ill rtc(,-conscious-
ncs.s cnd? If housing and ccononric
opl)()rlunities continuc to disperse
i\lccklcrrburg's black l)opulation
gr,oltraphically, rr'ill legislators be
obliged to l(ccp .shifting elcction
districts in order to assure lhe
l)ropor racial nrixtrrre? !-or horv
long?

A county pcrspective
One final point. Irlecklenburg

Cotuttv is nrorc than a fr'w square
. ntilcs on tho l)iL.dnlont plateau. lts
lrre<lorninantlv urban citrzr.ns have,
co I lcc t ivc lr,, nta ny in t crr'sts itr
conllllon. 'l-hoso interests are rnost
forccfuliy reprcsentcd, bt,fore tlre
N.C. Ilouse for examplt', rvhcn
Ivlccklt'nburg's eight IIouse nrcnr-
bcrs rvork togcthcr, on issues
rangirrg from schools to highwavs
to taxcs - to o(lurlity undcr the
l.rn'.

j\t-ltrge t,lr,ctiUrr Itls consis-tclrtlv I)roduccd lcgislutors dr.rli-
ciltr (l to felrrcsontirtg llt(' (.()uttt\.'s
lrr;1er intt rt.sts. SI)iitting tht
c,)urrtY into (ltstncts, l)v tvhatcver
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