Brief and Argument of Attorney for Appellants

    RICHARD L. ENGSTROM,

OFF'ICE

Department of Political Science
University of New Orleans
Lakefront
New Orleans, LA 70148
(s04) 286-667t
BITNET ADDRESS = RLEPO0UNO

PERSONAI AND EMPIOYIIENT TI{FORMATION

VITA
February, 1989

Research Professor of Political Science
University of New Orleans

HOUE

 
 

Born May 23, 1946. Married to former caror t. Verheek. Fourchildren: Richard Neal, born 3/Lo/70i Mark Andrew, born L/14/?3i
Brad Alan, born 3/3t/77i and Amy Min, born g/Lg/94.

Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of New Orleans(formerly Louisiana State University in New Orleans), 1971-1974.

Associate Professor of Political Science, University of New Orleans,
L97 4-t979 .

Chairperson, Department of Po1it{.cal Science, University of New
Orleans , L976-L979.

Professor of Po1itical Science, University of New Orleans, 1979-present

Research' Professor of Political Science, L9B7-present.

Fulbright-Hays Professor, National Taiwan University and National
Chengchi University, and Visiting Research Fellow, Institute of
American culture, Academic sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.o.c., 19g1-92.

Fulbright-Hays Professor, University College, Galway, freland, 1985-
86.

Recipient, UNO A1umni Associationrs Career Distinction Award forExcellence in Research, December 1985.

FORI{AL EDUCATION

Ph.D., University of Kentucky, 1921

It{.A., University of Kentucky, 1969



Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 2

FORI.{.AL EDUCATION - contr d

A.8., Hope College (Holland,
(recipient of Class of

PRIMARY TEACHING FIELDS

Ittichigan) , 1958.r55 Political Science Award, 1958.

Urban Government and Politics,
American Politics.

PROFESSIONAI ACTIVI TIES

Black Po1itics, Legislative Process,

Associate ltember, Centre for the Study of frish Elections, University
College Galway.

Member, Board Administration Quarterlv L977-
present.

Member, Editorial

Member, Board of
1990.

Board, Journal ol Politics, 1988-present.

Editors, State and Local Government Review, 1988-

Treasurer, Southwestern Politi.bal Science Association, 1981(position resigned during term due to Fulbright r.ectureship) .

Member, Nominating Committees, Southern Political Science
Association, 1980; Louisiana Politica1'science Association, 1981,
Study Group on Comparative Representation and Electora1 Systems,
International Political Science Association, 1988.

l"lember, Chastain Award Committee, Southern Political Science
Association, 1 97 8 .

Member, Prdgram Committee (Urban Politics Section), 19?6 Annual
Meet5-ng of the Southern Po1itical Science Association, Atlanta,
Georgia

Member, Membership Committee, Southwestern Social Science
Association, L973-74.

Presented Papers at meetings of the American Political ScienceAssociation, International Political Science Association, Midwest
Political Science Association, Southern Political ScienceAssociation, Iouisiana Political Science Association, Citadel
Symposium on Southern Politics, fnternational Society of Political
Psychology, and Harvard University Computer Graphics Week.

of EditorsrPublic



Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 3

PROFESSTONAT ACTTVITIES - contld

Chaired panels at meetings of the Southern political ScienceAssociation and American political science Association.
Senred as discussant for panels at meetings of Southwestern SocialScience Association; Iouisiana Politicil Science Association;rnstitute of American culture, Academic sinica (Taiwan).

Reviewed manuscripts for the American loliticaI Science Review,
Ameriqan Journal gf Political scffi pgIftf, ffinForIEIcar-ffi@;y-,
d!--Ji-- - :Effij:F@i, ameriEn- FoTIEE'SEffilffitratfr eruaEtertv,EElet iffir s"ffiHiQuarterly, - FuEI[ic

!e4ce Review, Stateend ewffiffi"ffi' y Press

Recipient of grant from Pacific Cultural Foundation, Taipei, Taiwanto .support project entitled "The r,egislative yuan: a study ofLegislative Adaptation", (19821 .

Recipient of grant from private sources, New orleans, to support astudy of mayorar tenure in rarge American cities (1993).

Reviewed grant proposals for Natiorlal Science Foundation programs inPo1itical Science and Law and Social Sciences, and Natioial ScienceFoundation graduate fellowship applications for the National
Research Councitr

COMMUNITY AND UNTVERSITY SERVICE

Chairperson, Taskforce on Civil Se:rrice, Mayor-Elect Erhest Morial'sTransition Office (New Orleans), L977-79.

Chairpersonr. Search Committee for Vice Chancellor for Research andGraduate studies and Dean of the Graduate school, 19g7-gg.

chairperson, search committee for Graduate Dean, uNo, lgTg-7g.
Member, University Budget Committee, UNO, 1993-94.

Member, Graduate Council, UNO, Lg75-76.

Member, Liberar Arts Tenure and promotion committee, 1993-gg.

Member, Liberar Arts Advisory committee, uNo, lg75-7G, Lgg2-94.

Member, Academic Planning Committee, [rNO, tgg2-L9gg.



Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
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COI'IMUNTTY AND UNIVERSITY SERVICES - contrd

Member, Faculty Council Committee on Faculty Honors, UNO, 19g5-1990.

Member, committee on Research, tNo serf-study, L9l2-73i 19g2-g3.

Member, Deant_s_ |dv199ry Committee on Academic planning, College ofLiberal Arts, UNO, 1983-84.

l"lember, University senate, [rNo, Lg75-77i 1gg0-g1; 1gg3-95.

Member, Steering Committee, I€g?1 Division, New Orleans Chapter,American Foundatj.on for Negro Af fiirs , Lg77-79.

Vice President, L975-76, and Member of the Board, LTTG-77 and 1g77-78, Diversityts Gallery: A Foundation for the Arts (New orleans).
Service as expert witness in numerous vote dilution cases in federalcourts- Enplgyea by the United StateS Department of Justice,Lawyers| Committee for Civil Rights Under r,aw, NAACP Legal DefenseFund, Center for Constitutional Ri.ghts, and oiher organiiations andplaintiffs.
Numerous Presentations bef_ore groups such as the Louisiana MunicipalAssociation; - I-eague of Women Voters; Pubtic policy Forums atSouthern University in- Baton Rouge; Louisiana uunilipal ClerksInstitute; (ta.) Black Legislative-Caucus Institute; Robirt A. Taftfnstitute of C'overnment Seminars, Southern University; SleciafCommittee on E1ectj-ve Law and Voter Participation, airericair BarAssociati-on; Subcommittee on Civil and Constiiutional Lahr, UnitedStates House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary;Institute of American Culture, Academic Sinica (Taiwan); rounaitionfor Scholarly _Exchange {Taiwan), University College Galway,university \ - college Dublin, dueen's univ6rsity -"t g"ii""i,University bf Kee1e, APSA Summer Institute for Black Students,college of william and Mary, Sangamon State University, univeisityof Queensrand, and Griffith univeisity (Brisbane).

REFERENCES

Dr. Robert E. Darcy, Department of Political Science, Oklahoma StateUniversity, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074

Dr- tlichael D. McDonald, Department of Political Science, Stateuniversity of New york at ainghamton, Binghamton, Ny 13901

Dr- Robert B. Thigpen, Department of PoIitical Science, Universityof New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 7OL4g



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Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 5

REFERENCES - contrd

Dr. Jewel Prestage, Department of Political Science, SouthernUniversity, Baton Rouge, LA 70813

Dr. David W. Neubauer, Department of Political Science, Universityof New Orleans, New Or1eans, LA 70148

CURRENT RESEARCH

"Council Size and the Election of Blacks from Single-MemberDistricts: 9}"Iif1,ing an Apparent Inconsistency Between iheory andData" (with Michael D. McDonald). fnitial draft presented at thexIIIth l{orld Congress of the International Political ScienceAssociation, Paris, France, 1985.

"At-Large Plus: The Impact of Anti-Single Shot Voting Rules andStaggered Terms on Black Councilmanic Reptesentation" (wittr MichaelD. McDona1d).

"The Politics of PR: Electora1 Manipulation and Reform in freland"(in progress). 
!

"Minority Representation and Councilmanic Election Systems: ABlack and Hispanic Comparisonr' selected for inclusion in volumeentitled Ethnic and Racial Minorities in Advanced fndustrial
Democra"i "ftE][,_ nc onomicl-EdEltTtiEr
E' EEFoTrt-C s sGli,aurje TEoaeEEEr<I Tlre?er r"ffi ' 

r,u is n.
Fraga

"Frontiers of loling.Rights: Vote Dilution and the Voting RightsActr' selected for inclusion in volume on American politiis eaiteaby David K. r Adams. Initial draft presented at the Fourth BiennialResearch Colloquium, David Bruce Centre for American Studies,University of Keele, England, 1989.



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Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 1

II{ONOGRAPHS

ARTICLES, RESEARCH NOTES, AND

Rouge: Louisiana I'Iunicipal
fnstitute, Louisiana State

$ome . 
nlfS Eor Iouisiana Parishes (Baton Rouge: Police Jury

as sociEElon -6t -ffi]3iil'a -Anli--6vernmental s6nrices rnstitute,Iouisiana State University, L9741.

Municipal llome RuIe in Louisiana (Baton
ffiffionTnE coGrIffienEllTe:rrices
University, L97 4l .

Municipal Government Within the L974 Louisiana Constitution: Aneference Crid-e E; tu RougF-I"oui;iani

-

EuniciFil as socTatffi ffi-l6vernmenETEnr i ce s rn s t itite, r.o ui s ianaState University, 1975)

Louisiana Malgr's. Handbook (Baton Rouge: Louisiana Municipal
Association and Governmental Services Institute, Louisiana Stateuniversity, L9771 , (with Edward crynch and Konrad Kressr"y).
Mavoral Tenure in Laroe American ,Cities (New Orleans: School of::+-urban and Regionar studies, university of New orleans, 1993).

PUBLICATIONS

?

BOOK CHAPTERS

" statutory Restraints on Administrative .robbying r regalFictionr ", Journal of pubric r,aw, vor. 19, No. 1 (1920), 9o-i03(with rhomaF-E]TaEeil . -nep?inted in Denni.s rppoJ.ito and Thomaswalker (eds. ) , Reform 4. Respgnsiveness: Ieagings in AmericanPoritics (New vorffi uiliffi., ffip.azg:86.-
rRace and Compliance: Differential Political Socialization, " polity,
3 (Fall 197q) , 100-111. Reprinted in charres s. Burlock, rffiaHarrell Rogers, Jr. (eds.), Black PoliticaI Attitudes: Implicationsfor Poritical support ( chicagillraEEEmlFEEri.sErng 6.,35a[-
"Political Ambitions and the prosecutorial
Politics, 33 (February L97Ll, 190-194.

Office, " Journal of

"Life-Style and Fringe Attitudes Toward
Urban Governmentsrr Midwest Journal of
1971) , 47 5-494 (with ffiryonsl . -

the Political fntegration of
Political Science 15 (August

nExpectations_ and rmages: A Note on Diffuse support for Legalrnstitutionsr' Law and society Review, 6 (uay 1972t-, 631-G36 (witrr
Michael W. GiteET.



Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 2

ARTTCLES, RESEATRCH NOTES, AND BOOK CHAPTERS - cont'd

"Black control or consolidation: The Fringe Responser"
Quarterlv, 53 (June 19721 , 161-162 (with t{.E. l,ions).
ilife-Style and Fringe Attitudes Toward the Political fntegration ofurban Governments: A comparison of survey Findingsr" AmericanJournql of Po.litical science, t7 (February 1973), rgz-leg (wffiEl
i,yonsT:

"Racial Gerrymanderi'ng and Southern State Legislative Redistricting:Attorney C,eneral Determinations Under tha Voting Rights act]"Journal of Public r,aw, vol. 22, No. 1 (19731 , 37-66 iwith stanrey A.
----:-Halpl-nr .Jr. I .

"Socio-Political Cross Pressures and Attitudes Toward political
fntegration of Urban Governmentsrn Journal of politrcs, 35 (August
19731 , 682-7LL (with W.E. Lyons)

"Candidate Attraction to the Politicized Councilmanic Office: A Noteon New orleansrn social science euarterry, s5 (March 1925) , 9?5-gg2(with James N. pezant[ 

---nHome Rule in Louisiana -- Cou1d This Be The promised Land?r',Iouisiana History, 1Z (F.all tg76l, 431-455.
nJudicial Activism and the Problem of Gerrymandering, " in Randall B.Ripley and Grace A. Franklin (eds.), Nati6nal Goveinment and public
Policv in the United States (rtasca, E-Ecocm6Tl=her-sr-E;

'Ih" Supreme Court and Equi-Populous Gerrymandering: A Remainingobstacle in the Quest for Fair and rflective iepresentationr;Arizon? statg Law Journal, vo1. 1976, No. 2 (t977r, zlt-ztg. citedextensively in -Karcher v. osggett, _ u.s. (1993)(bv J. stevens,-Effiringl-,ii?T. @TEsentinE-Il---
nState Centralization Versus Home RuIe: A Note on Ambition Theoryrs
lgI"l:- Proposition,n Western PoIitical_ Quarterly 30 (June Lg7il,288-294 (with patrick rfrGEnorT.
nPruning Thorns from the Thicket:
of Racial Gerrymanderingr, IE

An Empirical Test of the Existence
(November L9771 465-479 (wittr Joffi

islative Studies O:arterly, 2-Tr_- wEasdI--ci teffilGi ve I y

Social Science

in Thofnburg v. Gingles,
Erennan, .

u. s. (1986) (by J.



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Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 3

ARTICLES, RESEARCH NOTES, AND BOOK CHAPTERS - cont,d

'Racial Vote Dilution: Supreme Court Interpretations of Section 5 of
!!g_.volllrg Rights Act,' southern uniyers:lf Law Review, 4 (spring
1 97 8) , 13 9-164 .

rThe PoIitical Behavior of Lawyers in the Iouisiana House ofRepresentativesr" Iouisiana Law Review 39 (Fall 1978), 43-79 (with
Patrick F. orconnorEtE-.lIcreen7 and chong Lim Kim).

'rRestr.ucturing the Regime: Support for Change Within the Louisiana
constitutional conventiorl,n pority 11 (spring 19791, 440-451 withPatrick F. OrConnor).
rThe Hale Pogg" Gerrymander: Congressional Redistricting, 1969r"Louisiana Historv, 2L (Winter 1980), 59-66.

"Lawyer-Legislators and Support for State Legislative Reformr,Journal of Politics, 42 (February 1980)-, 257-276 (with patrick F.oGnnor) .

"Racial Discrimination in the Electoral Process: The Voting RightsAct and the Vote Dilution fssuer''in Robert P. Steed, Lawrence W.Moreland, and Tod A. Baker, (eds.) r? pafly_politics in itre south (New
York: Praeger Publishing, 198 0) , pp.-TffiZIT-
nspatial Distribution of Partisan Support and the . Seats/VotesRerationship-," -!Fql?l?tive studies euarteirv, s (August 19Bo), 423-435 (with John R:-EIIAgenI
trcomputer Graphics and politicar cartography: AspEx ofGerrYmanderingr' in Computer Mappinq Applicationt in Urban, State,
and Federal -coygrnment, E ffip[GrGapEl.cs fi' }ffiffin,-ffi
- 

.---
I 6' Ha rvard, Library of cornpuEEr-CraphilflTqe-l Map;Lni,pfi g GT1ection
_(Cambridge, 

'Mass.: Laboratory for eomputer eraphiLi ind SpatialAnalysis, Harvard university, 1981), pp. 51-52 (wittr John K. wirdgen)

"The Election of Blacks to City Councils: Clarifying the fmpact ofElectoral Arrangements on the Seats/Population Relatioishipr,'American Political Science Review, 75 (June 1981) , 344-354 twiinEfffieef-D.-fffinalIl);-
nPost-Census Representational Districting: The
Person, One Voter r and the Gerrymandering
Universitv Law Review, 7 (Spring 1981); L73-226:

Supreme Court, rOne
Issuer' Southern



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Dr, [Ulchard
Page {

L. Engstrom

ARTICLES, RESEARCH NOTES, AND BOOX CHAPTERS - contrd

iMunicipal Governmentr' in James Bolner
f'estival !g a Labvrinth (Baton Rouge:
Press, L9821 , pp. 181-219.

"The 1980 Election and the Realignment
Ame:ican Studies (Mei-kuo-yen-chiu), L2

nRacial Vote Dilution and the rNewt
Mobile v. Boldenrn American Studies
@rnber f@ zsT

(e4.1 , Louisiana PolLtics:
r-oui s i aiE--ffiE ui:lffiilEy

Thesis: A Note of Cautionrn
(June L9821 , L07-L32.

Equa1 Protection Clause: City of
(Mei-kuo-Yen-chiu) L2

"The Underrepresentation of Blacks on City Councils: Comparing theStructural and Socioeconomic Expfanations for South/Non-SouthDifferencesr' Journal of poritics, 44 (November l9g2l, Lo88-1099
llcoonaTE(wittr Michael D.- MEDon'ani)-.

rThe Impact of the 1980 Supplementary Election on Nationalist
chinars r,egislative Yuan, " As:lan survey, 24 (April 1984) , 447-459(with Chu Chi-hung).

'The Marginality Hypothesis and thb State Legislative Salary Issue,"
Foutbepstern Poriticar Review, 13 (spring 1985), L69-LB2 (with
Patrick F. O'Connor) .

'Racial vote Dilution: The concept and the courtr'i in Lorn Foster(ed.), The votinq Riqhts ,Act: consequences and rmpEggllcnq (New
York: PrEE!-erffisfiEil19'E'5-) , FF--13-4 3 .-
"Quantitative Evidence in Vote Dilution Litigation: Political
l?Ill"ipation and Polarized Voting,n Urban Lawyer, L7 (Summer
1^?8sl , 369-377 (witn_Michael D. M9991?EJ.-tI-tea in rhornburs v.
Ginqles, U.S. (1985) (by J. Brennanll
rThe Reincarnation of the Intent Standard: Federal Judges and At-
r,arge Election casesrn rloward Law Journar 28 (No 2, 1985), 495-51.3.cited in Thornburg v. ffiEsI .-- u.s. (rgas) (byJ. srennETll-EbreviEffirsi6i-li@ed in F6lffiffine, r bast I(locus is a monthly publication of the Joint CeiEF for Politicalsffis in Washington, D.c. ) .
nThe Effect of At-Large Versus District Elections on Racial
Representation in U.S. Municipalitiesrn in Bernard Grofman and ArendLijphart (eds. ) , Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences
(New York: Agattronffinc., lffi), pp. 2WitE-Tffi
McDona1d) .



Dr. Richard L. Engstrom
Page 5

ARTICLES, RESEARCH NOTES, AND

rRepairing the Crack in
Nullifies rC;erryduckt, "

nDistrict
Electoral

llagnitudes

Publius 15(FaIl 1985), 109-121.
iQuantitative Evidence in vote Dirution Litigation,Itlinority coalitions and Multivariate Analysisr; urban19(Winter 1987), 65-75 (wittr Michael D. McDona1d) .-

CHAPTERS - contrd

New Orleans' Black Vote: VRA|s Results Test

Part If:
Lawyer

and the Election of Women to the Irish Dailr,
(August L9871 , L23-132.Studies, 6

nThe Election of Blacks to Southern City Councils: The DominantImpact of Electoral Arrangementsri in Iaurence W. Moreland, RobertP. Steed, and Tod A. Baker (eds. ) Black Politics in the South (NewYork: Praeger Publishers, L9871 , pp. W -(wiTE-r.dEEEEf 
' 

D.[lcDonald) .

nRace, Referendums, and Rolloffn Journa-l of
L9871 , 1081-L092 (with James M. vandffiw)l

Politics 49 (November

"Definitions, Measurements, and statistics: weeding wildgenrsThicket," Urban Lawver 20(Winter 1988), 175-191 (with-Michaei D.McDonald). !

"The Desirability Hypothesis and the Election of Women to City
9":l:i1-:," sgale and r,ogql Government Review 20 (winter 1988), g-g-no
(wr-tn MichaeL D. McDonald and Bih-Er Chou) .

rBrack Politics and the voting Rights Act(s): 19G5-1gg2r, in Jamesr-ea (ed.1 , conter.npgrary_south_e-r? politics: continqi$ and chanqe
-(Baton Rouge :ffiis@esreEfii,lp. [p
105.

'Race and Representational Districting: Protections AgainstDelineational and Institutional Gerrymandering" Comparative -state
Politics Newsletter 9(October 19gg), ti-Za.
"Detecting Gerrymanderingr' in Bernard Grofman (ed.), Toward Fairand Ef fective Sepresentgtion: Po1itical GerrvmanderiiG-EE Ee
9=-res;ffion Fress, inc.) trorEhc iffiaiifr:aerD. McDonald).
nCumulative Voting as A Remedy for Minority Vote Dilution: The Case
?I^_Alamogordo, New Mexicor" Journal of rlw and politics v (spring
198 8) (forthcoming) (with petbffirEEbeT-aFRl=E'aEiT.-co1e) .



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Dr. Richard t.
Page 6

Engstrom

BOOK REVIEWS

Review of
Journal of

Review
HUSTLE:
Books,

John Wilson
Politics,

Lewis (ed. ) , THE CITY IN COIUi{LiNIST CHINA,
34 (February L9721 , 310-311.

Ln

of Arthur I. Blaustein
I{HITE POWER AND BLACK

1 (,June L9731 , 215-229.

and Geoffrey Faux, THE STAR-SPANGLED
CAPITALISM in WalI Street Review of

Review of Carroll Smith Rosenberg, RELIGfON AND THE RISE OF THE
AMERICAN CITY: THE NEW YORK CrTY MISSION !,IOVEMENT, 18L2-L870, in
Christian Scholar's Review, Vol. 4, No. I (19741, 73-75.
Erceffis, z (September Lg74l',- 226-22't .

Review of Robert Higgs, COMPETITION AND COERCION,
AI'IERICAN ECONOMY, 1855-1914, in WalI Street Review

BLACKS TN THE
of Books, 5(Spring L9781, 117-119.

Review of Herbert E. Alexander,
Alexander, FINANCING pOLITfCS:
REFORI*,I, in Wall Street Review of

IN POLITICS, and Herbert E.
ELECTIONS, AND POLITICAL

6 (Summer 19781, 209-2LL.

MONEY
}IONEY,

Books,

of Books,

Review of American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,
ZERO-BASE BUDGETING AND STNSET LEGISLATION, in WaI1 Street Review of
Books, 7 (Winter 19791, 53-55.

Review of
DEFICIT:

Review
CASE OF
75-?7.

Review of Kevin R. Cox
AND THE URBAN SCENE,
1984) , 531-532.

,fames M. Buchanan and
THE POLITICAL LEC-ACY OT'
6 (Fal1 1978), 319-320.

Richard E.
LORD KEY-I{ES,

Wagner', DEMOCRACY IN
in WaIl Street Review

of David Rogers, CAN BUSfNESS II{ANAGEIIIENT SAVE THE CTTIES? THE
NEW YORK, in Wall Street Review of Books, 7 (Spring L9?gl,

and R. J.
in American

Johnston (eds.), CONFLICT, POLITICS
78 (JunePolitical Science Review,

Review of }lanuel Carballo and Mary Jo Bane
POOR IN THE 1980s, in American political
1985) , 523-524.

(eds. ) , THE STATE AND THE
Science Review, 79 (June

Review of Terry Sanford, A DANGER TO DEI!{OCRACY: THE PRESIDENTIAI
No!,lrNATrNG PRocEss, in lresidential st:gies. euarterlv, 16 (winter
1986), 153-155.

Review of Charles l{. Whalen, Jr., THE HOUSE AND FOREIGN pOLICy: THE
IRONY OF CONGFESSIONAL REFORM, in Presidential Studies Quarterly, 16(Spring 1986), 369-371.



Dr. Rlchard L. Engstrom
Page 7

BOOK REVIEWS - cont'd

Review of Arend Lijphart and Bernard Grofman
ETECTORAL SYSTEM: ISSIIES AND AITERNATf\IES,
Studies, 1 (1.986), 125-t27.

(eds.l, CHOOSING AN
in Irish Political

REViCW Of DAVid MCKAY, AII{ERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY,
Studies Quarterlv 17(FalI 1982), 784-785.

RCViEW .Of ShEilA D. COlliNS, THE R.AINBOW CIIALLENGE:
CAI'{PATGN AlilD THE ruruRE oF AIt'lERrcAN Polrrrcs, in
Studies Quarterlv 19 (Fa1l 1988), B74-875.

Review of Abigail M. Thernstrom, WHOSE
ACTION AND IIIINORITY VOTING RIGHTS,

in Presidential

THE JACKSON
Presidential

VOTES COUNT? AFT'TRMATWE
in PoIicv Studies Review(forthcoming).

Review of Herbert H. Haines, BLACK
MAINSTREAM, 1954-1970, in Journal of

RADICAIS AND THE
Southern History

CTVIL RIGHTS
(Forthcoming) .