Affidavit of Dr. Ronald E. Weber (Redacted)

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Case Files, Chisom Hardbacks. Affidavit of Dr. Ronald E. Weber (Redacted), 1988. 1b42876d-c83e-ef11-8409-000d3a4eea03. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/669f53b1-74d3-445a-b6b4-50f2c8cd59f3/affidavit-of-dr-ronald-e-weber-redacted. Accessed April 06, 2025.

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT :0 1,-RT 
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOrISIANA 

RONALD CHISOM, et al., 

Plaintiffs, 

BUDDY ROEMER, et al., 

Defendants. 

AFFIDAVIT OF DR. RONALD E. WEBER  

Ronald E. Weber, being sworn, deposes and says: 

1. I make this affidavit in opposition to Plaintiffs motion for 

summary judgment. 

I am currently Professor of Political Science at Louisiana 

State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; co-editor of The Journal of  

Politics; and President of Campaign and Opinion Research Analysts 

Inc., 118 E. Cornerview, Gonzales,. LA 70737. A copy of my current 

curriculum vitae is attached to this affidavit as Appendix A. 

3. I was retained by the defendants in Clark v. Edwards, No. 86-

4.35A (M.D. La.), to analyze several issues relating to the 

opportunities of minority group voters in Louisiana to participate i 

the judicial elections process and to elect the candidates of their 

choice. I was qualified as an expert in that case. In particular, 

was asked to examine the results of judicial elections to determine 

whether such elections were racially polarized and whether or not-any 

polarization resulted in vote dilution. I was also asked to determine 

whether the minority group populations in judicial districts were . 

Ti 

1 



sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majel-i 

in single member sub-districts of existing multi-member districts. 

was also retained by defendents in Quant v. Edwards, No. 84-3 8/4-1-D 

(E.D. La), to analyze whether minority group populations in Louisiana 

havt. equal opportunies to fully participate in the registration and 

election process. 

The plaintiffs in Chisom v. Roemer make the claim thar the 

current method of electing Justices to the Louisiana Supreme Court 

the First Supreme Court District violates the "results" test of sectiu 

2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as amended, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1973. 1":1 

my opinion, this claim fails due to the following analysis of several 

factors called for by the Senate Report accompanying the 1982 section 

amendments and by the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Thornburg  

Gingles, 478 U.S. 30 (1986). 

5. On the basis of my analysis, I conclude that black voters in 

First Supreme Court District have elected candidates 'of choice, .that 

black voters in the plaintiffs' proposed sub-district of Orleans Parish 

are not politically cohesive, that extensive cross-over voting on the . 

part of both whites and blacks occurs in the plaintiffs' proposed sub-

district of Orleans Parish, that blacks and whites participate equally 

in the electoral process, and that the proposed sub-district is too 

small to be a viable sub-district. 

6. I have analyzed a total of 160 cases of contested judicial 

district elections and 30 cases of contested circuit court elections in 

Louisiana. I have examined all elections from 1976 to the present for 

which election and registration data were available by voting precinct. 

The 1976 date was chosen. as the beginning point for the analysis since 

2 



that is the year when judicial elections were first conducted under th7 

open election rules of the state. Until 1976, judicial candidates we.!. • 

nominated by closed primary and elected in the general election. .F.Lr 

the most part, this system meant that the contested judicial election 

occurred in the Democratic Party primaries and the Demdcratic nominee 

was erected unopposed in the subsequent general election. Beginning 

1976, judicial elections were open to all registered voters in the 

primary election, and these rules have been used for all judicial 

elections up through the present. I have used precinct level voter 

registration by race in my analyses rather than sign-in data by race 

because time and money limitations did not permit me to obtain the 

sign-in data from the Commissioner of Elections and Registration or the 

parish registrars. I employed bivariate ecological regression and 

extreme case analysis techniques to determine whether or not racial 

bloc voting is an element in judicial elections in Louisiana. 

7. My analyses revealed that the judicial election system 

employed in Louisiana does not dilute black minority bloc preferences 

and that black preferred candidates win a strong majority of the 

elections that I analyzed. My analyses included 35 cases of contested 

judicial district elections and 16 cases of contested circuit court 

elections.held within the four parishes of the First Supreme Court 

District. The regression and extreme case analysis results for these 

51 elections are provided in Appendix B. Thirteen of these elections 

produced plurality winners and in 100% of these elections the 

preference of black voters was successful in winning a place for the 

runoff election. The remaining 38 elections produced majority winner!,, 

and in those elections the black preferred candidate won 68.4 percent 



of them. Stated another way, black preferred candidates lost: ont 12 

out of the total of 51 elections held within the four parishes of the 

First Supreme Court District. 

3. The results of these 51 contested judicial election cases 

indicate low political cohesion among black voters in elections in the 

f o u r pArish area. In particular, blacks are not cohesive in judicial 

elections held within Orleans Parish, the plainti‘ffs' proposed sul)-

;Jis r9ic. t. 

My analyses also reveal that in judicial elections in which 

blacks participate as candidates there is a growing degree of black 

cross-over voting for white candidates and white cross-over voting for 

black candidates. 

10. The report of Dr. Engstrom focuses solely on judicial 

elections conducted within Orleans Parish in which black candidates 

participate to determine whether voting within the First Supreme Court 

District was racially polarized. In doing so, he confuses racial 

polarization with vote dilution. Racial polarization occurs when a 

majority of one race votes opposite to a majority of another race. 

Vote dilution occurs when racially polarized elections produce a 

pattern of results over time in which a minority group is unable to 

elect candidates of choice. A focus on just elections in which black 

candidates participate provides an incomplete picture of racial 

polarization and vote dilution. Thus, I have analyzed other elections 

to give the Court the full context within which judicial elections 

occur. 

11. I have analyzed another non-judicial election that has 

occured within all four parishes of the First Supreme Court District. 

4 



This is the 1987 primary election for Secretary of State in Olich 

black candidates--Lombard and Rivers—competed against seven white 

candidates. Within the four parish area, Lombard vias the plurality 

vinner v:ith 33.0% of the vote, with McKeithen running second garnering 

• Q 
- . ) (see Table 1). Lombard ran first in Orleans Parish, and 

in Jefferson and Plaquemines Parish. McKeithen was first in joffers-c::. 

Plaquemines, and St. Bernard Parishes, and came in second in Orleans 

Parish. Rivers the second black candidate did poorl - in all four 

parishes. 

19 . 1, also ran bivariate ecological regression and extreme case 

analyses of the 1987 primary election for Secretary of State (see 

Appendix C for the full results of these analyses) for the four-parish 

First Supreme Court District and in Orleans Parish--the plaintiffs' 

proposed sub-district. These analyses reveal that Lombard was 

preferred by over three-quarters of the black voters in the First 

Supreme Court District. The remainder of the black vote was split 

among the other candidates with McKeithen gaining about 12% ,of the 

total vote of blacks. White voters were much less cohesive, with 

McKeithen, Cutshaw, and Lombard dividing up about 75% of the white 

vote. Lombard got slightly less than 20% of the white vote in the fouL 

parish district. In Orleans Parish, the regression and extreme case 

analyses indicate patterns of cohesion similar to those for the four-

parish district, except that Lombard won almost 30% of the white vote 

and runs a close second among whites to McKeithen. 

13. I have examined all parish-wide elections held in Orleans 

Parish from 1980 to the present for local offices other than judge to 

determine how racial bloc voting is operating in non-judicial election 

5 



• 

TABLE 1 

SUPREME COURT, FIRST DISTRICT 

Secretary of State Results in 1987 Primary 

Candidate Jefferson Orleans Plaquemiaes St, Bernard Total Pct.  

Cutshaw 24,097 12,936 1,564 5,854 43,911 14.7 

Lombard' 27,081 71,146 2,00.2 4,026 1U4,255 35.0 

McKeithen 41,091 . 29,613 2,680 11,452 34,836 78.5 

Riers 1,233 2,889 111 • 365 4,598 1.5 

Tassin 16,039 6,545 925 7 ,877 26,386 8.9 

Others 17,789 10,802 1,396 4,102 34,089 11.4 

Source: Official Returns from Louisiana Office of Secretary of State 

6 



4 IC 

(see Table 2 for the results uf these elections). I have examined 

elections in which both white and black candidates participate for the 

purpose of assessing the degree to which cross-over voting is 

present in Orleans Parish elections. As stated earlier, however, to 

determine if the 'candidate of choice" was elected, I would look at 

all elections from 1976 to the present. Bivariate ecological 

regression and extreme case analysis techniques were used to estima:: ,:2 

the preferences of black and white voters in these non-judicial 

elections (see Appendix D for the results of these analyses). These 

"cross-over" elections reveal a clear pattern of increased black 

candidate -success for local offices. The bivariate ecological 

regression and extreme case analyses suggest that successfql black 

candidates are able to garner increased levels of white voter support. 

Mayor Barthelemy made the runoff in 1986 because of significant white 

voter support and won a majority of white votes in his successful race 

against Jefferson. Criminal District Court Clerk Lombard won 

reelection in 1986 by attracting about two-thirds of the white vote. 

And in other less dramatic elections, white cross-over votes are makinz 

the difference in close black candidate wins for councilman at-large 

and school board. When one looks at elections tor non-judicial offices 

in Orleans Parish, the picture is one of repeated black candidate 

success and of the preferences of black voters usually being converted 

into wins for candidates of their choice. 

14. I do not believe that Louisiana's past history of official 

discrimination "continues to have an adverse effect on the abilities of 

its black residents to participate fully in the electoral process." 

Major v. Treen, 574 F.Supp. 325, at 339. It is now 25 years since the 

7 



• 

TABLE 2 

ORLEANS PARISH 

ELECTION RESULTS FOR PARISH-WIDE OFFICES 

INVOLVING BLACK VS. WHITE CANDIDATES 

1980-1988 

Date of 
Election Office' 

9-13-80 School 
Board (2) 

9-6-82 Civil 
Sheriff 

Mayor 

Councilman 
At-Large (2) 

Criminal 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. I) 

3-20-82 Civil 
Sheriff 

Mayor 

Candidates  

Ahern 
Galman (B) 
Johnson (B) 
Kelly (B) 

*Koppel 
McCollister 
Metoyer (B) 
*Sperars (B) 
Watson 
*Zanders (B) 

Bush (B) 
*D'Hemecourt 
Ivon 

*Valteau (B) 

Ali 
*Faucheaux 
Fertel 
Jefferson (B) 

*Morial (B) 
Waters (B) 

*Barthelemy (B) 
Dee 

*Giarrusso 
Koppel 

*Julien (B) 
Kogos 
Meyer 
Scaccia 
Wilson (B) 
*Wimberly 

D'Hemecourt 
*Valteau (B) 

Faucheaux 
*Morial (B) 

Vote Vote % 

7,636 
15,437 
5,165 
7,627 

52,938 
3,168 
3,689 

37,752 
12,117 
23,398 

5,908 
45,934 
33,398 
61,130 

355 
73,441 

462 
11,327 
75,929 

347 

103,176 
12,039 

104,864 
54,331 

27,146 
14,850 
24,932 
4,045 

20,163 
47,002 

95,172 
104,416 

88,583 
100,703 

4.3% 
9.1% 
3.1% 
4.3% 

31.3% 
1.9% 
2.2% 

22.3% 
7.2% 
13.9% 

4.0% 
31.4% 
22.8% 
41.8% 

0.2% 
45.4% 
0.3% 
7.0% 

46.9% 
0.2% 

37.6% 
4.4% 

38.2% 
19.8% 

19.7% 
10.8% 
18.0% 
2.9% 

14.6% 
34.0% 

47.7% 
52.3% 

46.8% 
33.2% 

8 



• 

Date of 
Election Office  

3-20-82 Criminal 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. I) 

9-11-82 

11-2-82 

6-18-83 

School 
Board (2) 

School 
Board (1) 

Civil 
Dist. Ct. 
(Dist. D) 

9-29-84 School 
Board (1) 

District 
Attorney 

Civil 
Dist. 
(Div. 

Ct. 
F) 

Civil 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. I) 

Criminal 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. B) 

Juvenile 
Court 
(Div. A) 

Candidates  

Julien (B) 
*Wimberly 

Jefferson (B) 
Lombard (B) 

*Loving (B) 
*McKenna (B) 
Pope 
Rittiner 
*Robbert 

McKenna (B) 
*Robbert 

Davis (B) 
*Di Rosa, L. 

Beverly 
Charitat 

*Glapion (B) 
*Higbee 
Hirsch 
Lombard (B) 
West (B) 
Zanders (B) 

*Connick 
Marcal 
Reed (B) 

Dorsey (B) 
*Roberts 

Harris 
*Johnson (B) 

*Douglas (B) 
Myers 
*Quinlan 

Dannel 
*Gray 
*Horton 
Martin 

(B) 
(B) 

Vote  

88,222 
91,160 

7,105 
11,267 
47,502 
9 7,246 
11,734 
93,459 
97,040 

38,387 
44,375 

21,675 
29,256 

3,372 
7,315 

34,334 
35,582 
3,104 
6,130 
1,441 

32,827 

70,966 
2,956 

61,004 

40,372 
69,592 

48,449 
64,450 

45,135 
28,137 
46,038 

23,078 
47,251 
42,860 
6,718 

Vote % 

49.2% 
30.8% 

4.6% 
7.3% 

30.6% 
17.5% 
7.3% 

15.1% 
17.4% 

46.4% 
53.6% 

42.6% 
57.4% 

2.7% 
- 5.9% 
27.7% 
28.7% 
9 .5% 
4.9% 
1.2% 

26.5% 

52.6% 
2.2% 

45. 9% 

36.7% 
63.3% 

42.9% 
57.1% 

37.8% 
23.6% 
38.6% 

19.2% 
39.4% 
35.7% 
5.6% 

9 



Date of 
Elect-ion Office  

9- 99-84 

11-6-84 

7- -86 

Candidates  Vote Vote % 

Juvenile Ducote 26,705 
Court *Mule 64,011 
(Div. C) Young (B) 27,590 

School 
Board (1) 

*Glapion (B) 
Higbee 

Criminal Douglas (B) 
Dist. Ct. *Quinlan 
(Div. B) 

Juvenile 
Court 
(Div. A) 

Criminal 
Sheriff 

Civil 
Dist. Ct. 
Clerk 

Criminal 
Dist. Ct. 
Clerk 

*Gray (B) 
Horton 

Aubrey (B) 
*Foti 
Ghergich 

Begg 
Ciamarra 
Douglas (B) 

*Foley 

Carroll 
*Lombard (B) 

Recorder of Bogan (B) 
Mortgages *Demarest 

Registrar of 
Conveyances 

Mayor 

Councilman 
At-Large (2) 

*Lewis (B) 
Merrity 
*Schiro 
Watermeier 

*Barthelemy (B) 
Hardy 

*Jefferson (B) 
LeBlanc 
Lombard (B) 
Rauch 

*Bagneris (B) 
Detweiler 
*Giarrusso 
Kent 
*Taylor (B) 
Williams (B) 

100,681 
77,929 

84,818 
89,282 

99,574 
78,861 

10,866 
113,512 
17,399 

8,418 
10,481 
29,129 
81,435 

25,539 
103,660 

27,236 
69,623 

30,650 
10,851 
55,154 
29,507 

53,961 
373 

62,333 
40,963 
3,721 

278 

53,025 
39,384 
75,432 
18,740 
47,935 
17,393 

92.6% 
54.1% 
23.3% 

56.4% 
43.6% 

48.7% 
51.3% 

53.8% 
44. 9% 

7.7% 
80.1% 
12.3% 

6.5% 
-- 8.1% 
22.5% 
62.9% 

19.8% 
80.2% 

28.1% 
71.9% 

24.3% 
8.6% 

43.7% 
23.4% 

33.4% 
0.2% 

38.6% 
25.3% 
2.3% 
0.1% 

21.0% 
15.6% 
29.9% 
7.4% 

• 19.0% 
6.9% 

10 



Date of 
Election Office  

2-1-86 Civil 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. F) 

Criminal 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. J) 

3-1-86 Registrar of 
Conveyances 

Civil 
Dist. 
(Div. 

Ct. 
F) 

9-26-86 School 
Board (2) 

11-4-86 

10-24-87 

Municipal 
Court 
Judge 

Juvenile 
Court 
(Sec. D) 

School 
Board (1) 

Municipal 
Court 
Judge 

Candidates Vote Vote %  

*Hawkins 
*Magee (B) 
Wilkerson (B) 

Blanchard (B) 
*Cannizzaro 

Lewis (B) 
*Schiro 

Hawkins 
*Magee (B) 

Evans (B) 
Jones (B) 
*Koppel 
*Lambert-Busshoff 
Lombard (B) 

*McKenna (B) 
Meyer 
Perkins (B) 
Thomas (B) 
Tilton (B) 
Williams (B) 
Zanders (B) 

*Comarda 
Fitzsimmons 
*McConduit (B) 

Dannel (B) 
*Lagarde 

*McKenna (B) 
Lambert-Busshoff 

Comarda 
*McConduit (B) 

31,672 
47,613 
30,839 

32,034 
74,821 

63,660 
77,311 

70,938 
78,885 

31,854 
2,817 

64,986 
34,927 
9,368 

33,069 
2,800 
3,332 
2,064 
3,822 

19,823 
17,234 

47,720 
26,639 
44,326 

54,636 
57,696 

83,274 
66,295 

68,661 
82,368 

4th Circuit Douglas (B) 47,274 
1st Dist. *Plotkin -81,053 

28.8% 
43.2% 
28.0% 

41.0% 
59.0% 

45.1% 
54.8% 

47.3% 
59 .7% 

14.1% 
1.2% 

28.7% 
15.4% 
4.1% 

- 14.6% 
1.2% 
1.5% 
1.0% 
1.7% 
8.8% 
7.6% 

40. 9% 
22.4% 
37.3% 

48.6% 
51.4% 

35.7% 
44.3% 

45.5% 
54.5% 

36.8% 
63.2% 

11 



I 

Date of 
Election Office  

3-8-88 Civil 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. G) 

4-16-88 Civil 
Dist. Ct. 
(Div. G) 

Candidates Vote Vote % 

Barnett 
Cresson 
Exnicios 
*Giarrusso 
*Hughes (B) 

*Giarrusso 
Hughes (B) 

17,625 19.6% 
11,875 13.2% 
3,081 3.4% 

39,355 43.8% 
17,911 19.9% 

40,633 
33,602 

34.8% 
45. 9% 

12 



passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, and significant progress has 

been made in minority voter participation in Louisiana. 

15. I have demonstrated in my previous expert report on white and 

black voter registration rates that the history of voter registration 

in Louisiana since the adoption of the Voting Rights Act has been one 

of increased black participation in the act of registration. My 

analysis statewide of voter registration rates by race indicated that 

by the summer of 1984 the percentage of whites of voting age population 

who were registered to vote was 78.4% and the percentage of blacks was 

71.9%, leaving a gap of 6.5% between black and white registration 

rates. 

16. I have updated this analysis -through March 1988 for the four 

parishes in the First Supreme Court District. In Table 3 I report 

voter registration rates as a proportion of voting age population by 

-race for 1980-1988 for Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, and St. Bernard 

Parishes. In each year the voter registration figures come from the 

Commissioner of Elections and Registration quarterly report for March 

of that year. The rates for 1980 are based on the actual voting age 

population as reported in the 1980 Census. The 1984 rates were 

computed using population estimates by race, sex, and age for each 

parish released by the U.S. Bureau of the Census in 1987. The 

registration rates for the other years were calculated employing voting 

age population estimates based on trends revealed in the 1980 and 1984 

voting age population data. 

17. The data in Table 3 indicate that blacks are registered at 

higher rates than whites in Plaquemines and St. Bernard Parishes, while 

whites are registered at higher rates than blacks in Jefferson and 

13 



TABLE 3 

Voter Registration as Proportion of Voting Age Population by Race 

for Parishes in First Supreme Court District (1980-1988) 

1980 1981  1982 1983  

Parish White Black White Black White Black White • Black  

Jefferson 60.0 59 .9 59.9 48.3 59.1 46.6 57.0 43. 

Orleans 69.0 55.0 70.8 54.4 71.9 58.7 68.0 55.2 

Plaquemines 78.7 61.5 77.9 70.6 75.0 69.1 79.1 81.0 

St. Bernard 88.0 86.1 . 85.4 85.2 80.3 83.3 78.8 80.3 

1984 1985  1986 1987 

Parish White Black White Black White Black White Black  

Jefferson 59.1 45.2 61.3 46.2 58.5 44.0 57.3 49.7 

. Orleans 68.3 60.2 72.0 61.3 69.7 60.7 65.8 58.4 

Plaquemines 81.8 84.3 84.0 86.4 78.9 .84.2 79.0 78.1 

St. Bernard 83.6 90.9 85.1 92.9 81.3 91.4 78.8 93.3 

1988 Point  

Parish White Black Diff.  

Jefferson 58.3 42.8 -15.5 

Orleans 64.4 57.6 -6.8 

• Plaquemines 76.3 78.1 1.8 

St. Bernard 81.1 95.2 14.1 

14 



S 
• 

Orleans Parishes. Although blacks are registered at lower rates than 

whites in Orleans Parish, the gap is half as much today as it was in 

1980. I would expect a similar increase in black registration rates in 

Orleans Parish this year due to the impetus provided by the 

presidential campaign. 

18. The gap between black and white voter registration rates in 

Jefferson Parish is deviant from the pattern in the other three 

parishes. The black population in Jefferson Parish is dispersed 

throughout the parish, with some population concentrations in Gretna 

and Marrero on the west bank and Kenner on the east bank. This 

dispersal may serve to hamper efforts to mobilize black voters to 

register, even though the Registrar of Voters in Jefferson SLarish has 

for many years had an active program of field registration. 

19. Further evidence that a history of official discrimination 

prior to 1965 may no longer be having an adverse effect on the 

abilities of black residents to participate in the electoral process is 

found in a recent study of voter turnout in the United States by race. 

This study was completed recently by Paul R. Abramson of Michigan State 

Uhive-rsity and William Claggett of Florida State University, and is 

titled "Race-Related Differences in Self-Reported and Validated Turnout 

in 1986." - This is a study of turnout in a mid-term congressional 

election in which no special factors were present to stimulate black 

voter turnout in southern states. Using data collected by the Center 

for Political Studies at the University of Michigan on voter 

participation in the 1986 mid-term general election, they report that 

in the South blacks with low levels of educational attainment voted 

more frequently than whites with comparable levels of education. On 

15 



the other hand, southern blacks who were high school graduates or . had 

higher levels of education voted at lower rates than whites of 

comparable educational attainment. Among southern blacks, those who 

had completed eight grades or less or some high school actually voted 

at higher rates than high school graduates or those with some college. 

Only southern blacks with college degrees voted more frequently than 

those with low educational attainment. The results reported in their 

paper are for validated turnout measures and not for self-reported acts 

of participation, and thus are the best measures of voter turnout 

available. Abramson's and Claggett's results are significant because 

they suggest that southern blacks who have probably suffered the most 

from past acts of official discrimination in education are 40 longer 

-experiencing adverse effects on their ability to participate fully in 

the electoral process. Similar findings to those of Abramson and 

Claggett were also reported in the recent Census Bureau study of Voting 

and Registration in the Election of November 1986. 

20. The final evidence to support my contention that Louisiana's 

history of official discrimination may no longer continue to have an 

adverse effect on the abilities of blacks to participate fully in the 

state's electoral process comes from my analysis of tables prepared by 

Dr. Richard Engstrom in another case. In my view, these tables form 

the basis for the affidavit he submitted in this case. In the tables I 

examined, which contain Engstrom's numerical analysis, he employed the 

bivariate ecological regression and extreme case analysis techniques to 

examine black and white rates of election specific participation in 

judicial elections in Orleans Parish from 1978 to the present. In 

examining his data, I see several patterns over time. First, there is 

16 



• 

an increased rate of black voter "participation" (even in Dr. 

Engstrom's limited use of this term) in these elections. Second, 

except for a couple of recent elections, the difference between black 

and white "participation" rates is decreasing over time. Third, the 

black and white "participation" (again, using Dr. Engstrom's limited 

terminology) rate differences are negligible in high stimulus 

elections. In the 1982 municipal general election between Morial and 

Faucheaux, the 1984 presidential general election, and the 1986 

municipal general election between Barthelemy and Jefferson, the 

difference between blacks and whites in "participation" in concurrentl 

held judicial contests.is very small. In two of those three 

circumstances black candidates for judge won, while in the 1-hird case 

the black judicial candidate narrowly lost. Engstrom's data clearly 

indicate that blacks "participate" (in his limited use of this term) at 

equal rates to whites in Orleans Parish when they are interested in the 

election. As I understand Dr. Engstrom's use of the term 

"participation," he uses it to mean those who voted for a particular 

candidate at an election. He does not use "participation" to mean 

those who voted for any item on the ballot. Therefore, if a voter went 

to the polls and cast a vote for an item on the ballot but did not cast 

a vote for the "judicial post," Dr. Engstrom would consider that voter 

as having not "participated" in the judicial election, even though that 

voter had the opportunity to vote by being in the voting booth. 

2 1. Plaintiffs propose that Orleans Parish would be an ideal 

black majority sub-district meeting the Thornburg requirement that "the 

minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently 

large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-

17 



member district." Thornburg, '478 U.S. at '48. They present evidence 

that Orleans Parish has a black population majority as of 1980 and a 

black voter registration majority as of March 31, 1987. In evaluating 

this claim, I begin with the assumption that if one is to racially 

gerrymander sub-districts, the gerrymandered district must be within a . 

5% deviation of the ideal district size. The ideal district size is 

computed by dividing the population of the state by the number of 

districts to be created. Although I am aware that the concept of one-

man, one-vote" does not apply to legislative creation of judicial 

districts, I am of the opinion that any court-created racial 

gerrymandering must be in accord with "one-man, one-vote" principles 

because the legislature creates judicial districts for the purpose of 

the administration of justice and qualifying caseload in a particular 

jurisdiction. The same criteria are not applicable to court-ordered 

racial gerrymandering. 

99 . Louisiana has seven Supreme Court Justices and if each were 

to be elected from a single-member district, each district would 

average a total of 600,567 persons. The 1980 population of Orleans is 

557,482 according to the P.L. 94-171 Reapportionment Database 

disseminated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Thus, Orleans Parish 

has approximately 43,000 persons less than the average district size 

for Supreme Court districts. Table 4 reports a statistical summary of 

the seven Supreme Court districts that would be created by the 

plaintiff's sub-division of current .District 1 into two districts. 

District 1 in Table 4 is the Orleans Parish district, while District 7 

is the residual district composed of Jefferson, Plaquemines, and St. 

Bernard Parish. Both districts would be underpopulated in comparison 

18 



• 

TABLE 4 

SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA 

SEVEN DISTRICT PLAINTIFF'S PROPOSAL 

POPULATION 

STATISTICAL SUMMARY 

District Population  

1 

3 
4 
5 
6 
7 

537,482 
582,096 
692,799 
409,608 
860,724 
556,525 
544,738 

White Pct.  

236,967 
386,222 
537,406 
273,612 
396,558 
419,047 
461,431 

42.51% 
66.35% 
77.57% 
66.80% 
69.31% 
73.30% 
84.71% 

Black Pct.  

308,136 
188,428 
150,046 
133,697 
256,446 
129,558 
70,952 

55.27% 
32.37% 
21.66% 
32.64% 
29.79% 
23.28% 
13.02% 

Total 4,203,972 2,911,243 69.25% 1,237,263 29.43% 

Ideal District Population = 600,567 

Overall Deviation = 75.12% 

Based on 1980 Federal Census of Population 

Pop. 
Dev.  

Pct. 
Dev.  

-43,085 -7.17% 
-18,471 -3.08% 
+92,232 +15.36% 

-190,959 -31.80% 
+260,157 +43.32% 
-44,042 -7.33% 
-55,829 -9.30% 

19 



• 

to average district size of 600,367 persons. 

23. Table 5 reports the voter registration data for the seven 

districts called for by the plaintiff's proposal to sub-divide the 

current First Supreme Court District. The proposed Orleans Parish sub-

district would have the second smallest number of registered voters of 

any district. The only reason that the proposed Orleans Parish sub-

district has a black voter registration majority is because the sub-

district is smaller than average in population and is below average in 

its number of registered voters. If the plaintiffs had proposed a sub-

district of average population size, they would have found such a 

district to be lacking either a black population majority or a black 

voter registration majority. 

9 4. To further illustrate .this point, I have constructed Table 6 

using recent U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for Louisiana 

parishes'. The Bureau estimates that Louisiana's population had 

increased by about 300,000 persons by 1986. Thus, an average Supreme 

Court district would have 643,000 persons based on this more recent 

data. These data indicate that Orleans Parish has declined in 

population while the state as a whole has grown. According to Table 6, 

the proposed Orleans Parish sub-district would have about 88,000 

persons less than an average district, while the proposed suburban New 

Orleans District 7 would have about 68,000 fewer persons than an 

average district. These estimates also reveal that the current Fifth 

Supreme Court District in the Florida parishes and Baton Rouge area 

would have more than twice as many persons than the Fourth Supreme 

Court District in northeast Louisiana. There is no way that a black 

population or voter registration majority district can be devised in 

20 



• 

TABLE 5 

SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA 

SEVEN DISTRICT PLAINTIFF'S PROPOSAL 

VOTER REGISTRATION AS OF 7/16/88 

District Total White Pct. Black Pct.  

244,511 110,247 45.09% 132,210 54.07% 

9 278,330 202,781 72.86% 73,994 26.58% 

3 373,690 299,881 80.25% 72,875 19.50% 

/ 
4 209,440 149,155 71.22% 58,357 27.86% 

3 473,059 349,658 73.91% 121,411 25.67% 

6 309,555 237,294 76.66% 71,432 23.08% 

7 259,438 227,756 87.79% •29,474 11.36% 

Total 2,148,023 1,576,772 73.41% 559,753 26.06% 

Registration data is from Commissioner of Elections and Registration 
Report 1A. 

21 



TABLE 6 

SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA 

SEVEN DISTRICT PLAINTIFF'S PROPOSAL 

1986 POPULATION ESTIMATES 

STATISTICAL SUMMARY 

District . 

3 
4 

5 

7 

Total 

Population 
554,500 
629,800 
738,200 
427, 900 
965,400 
611,600 
574,600 

4,501,300 

Pop. 
Dev.  

-88,543 
-13,243 
+95,157 

-215,843 
+322,357 
-31,443 
-68,443 

• Pct. 
Dev.  

-13.77% 
-2.06% 

+14.80% 
-33.57% 
+50.13% 
-4.89% 

-10.64% 

Ideal District Population = 643,043 

Overall Deviation = 83.70% 

Based on 1986 Federal Census Bureau Estimates 



S 

the New Orleans metropolitan area with a population of about 643,000 

persons as would be called for by the 1986 population estimates. 

Sworn to and subscribed 
before me this ‘2,5-  th 
day cf August 1988 

23 



APPENDIX A 



CURRICULUM VITA 

Name: Ronald E. Weber 

Personal Data: 

Home Address:   
Office Address: Department of Political Science, 221 Stubbs Hall, 

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 
Home Phone: (504) 767-1121 

Office Phone: (504) 388-2538, (504) 388-2141, or (504) 647-1767 
Born: June 14, 1938, Staples, Minnesota 
Marital Status: married, two children 

Present Position: 

Professor of Political Science, Louisiana State University, 1979-
Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, 

Louisiana State University, 1986-
Co-Editor, The Journal of Politics, 1988-

Education: 

B.A., 1964: Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota 
Ph.D., 1969: Syracuse University, Syracuse, Nev York 

Previous Experience:  

Visiting Fulbright Professor of American Studies and Lay, Hiroshima 
University, Hiroshima, Japan, 1982-83. 

Director, College of Arts and Sciences Division of Research Services, 
1981-82. 

Director, Institute of Government Research, Louisiana State University, 
1979-81. 

Director, Political Science Laboratory and Data Archive Program, 
Indiana University, 1970-79. 

Acting Director, Institute of Public Administration, Indiana 
University, 1975-79. 

Associate Professor of Political Science, Indiana University, 1973-79. 
Assistant Professor of Political Science, Indiana University, 1969-73. 
Research Associate, "Two-Party Competition and Policy-Making in the 
American States," National Science Foundation Project (Frank 
J. Munger, Principal Investigator), Department of Political 
Science, Syracuse University, 1967-69. 

U.S. Navy, June, 1956 to June, 1960. 



S 

Teaching and Research Interests  

1) Policy Analysis; (2) American Politics; (3) Empirical Theory and 
Methodology. Subfield interests in American state and local 
policy-making; comparative policy analysis; American state politics; 
public opinion and electoral behavior; political parties; interest 
representation; empirical democratic theory; survey and aggregate data 
analysis techniques; and computer simulation. 

Undergraduate Courses Taught (1969-1988): Introduction to American 
Politics, State and Local Government, State Politics in the United 
States, American Federalism, Political Parties and Interest Groups, 
Electoral Behavior, Political Behavior, Political Science Laboratory, 
State Legislative Politics, Political Science Internship, and Scope and 
Methods in Political Science. 

Graduate Courses Taught (1969-1988): Seminars in State and Local 
Government, Comparative State Politics and Policy-Making, Research 
Design and Quantitative Techniques, Approaches to Policy Analysis, 
Interest Representation in American Politics, Political Parties and 
Elections, Empirical Democratic Theory, Political Data Analysis, Com 
puter Simulation of Political Processes, and Use of Computing Machinery 
in Political Science. 

Publications: 

Books and Monographs  

Public Policy Preferences in the States (Bloomington: Indiana 
University, Institute of Public Administration, 1971). 

with William R. Shaffer, "Policy Responsiveness in the American 
States," Sage Professional Papers in Administrative and Policy 
Studies (Beverly Bills: Sage Publications, Vol. 2, Series No. 03-021, 
1974). (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, Patterns of Decision-Making in State Legislatures 
(New York: Praeger, 1977). (co-author) 

Articles and Book Chapters  

with William R. Shaffer, "Public Opinion and American State 
Policy-Making," Midwest Journal of Political Science, Vol. 16 
(November, 1972), pp. 683-699. (first author) 

with Anne H. Hopkins, Michael L. Mezey, and Prank J. Munger, "A 
Computer Simulation Methodology for Estimating State Policy 
Preferences," Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36 (Winter, 1972-72), 
pp. 549-565. (first author) 

"The Political Responsiveness of the American States and Their Local 
Governments," in Leroy N. Rieselbach (ed.), People 
vs. Government: The Responsiveness of American Institutions  
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), pp. 189-225. 



• 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "The 'Politics' of Redistribution: Towards a 
Model of the Policy-Making Process in the American States," American 
Politics Quarterly, Vol. 3 (April, 1975), pp. 130-170. (secoa------ 
author) • 

with Anne H. Hopkins, "Dimensions of Public Policies in the American 
States: A Research Note," Polity, Vol.8 (Spring, 1976), pp. 475-489. 
(co-author) 

with William R. Shaffer, "Computer Simulation of Voting: A Test of a 
Revised Model." Political Methodology, Vol. 3 (Fall, 1976), 
pp. 253-279. (second author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Changes in Legislator Attitudes Toward 
Gubernatorial Power," State and Local Government Review, Vol. 9 (May, 
1977), pp. 40-43. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Partisan Cues and Decision Loci in U.S. State 
Legislatures," Legislature Studies Quarterly, Vol. 2 (November, 
1977), pp. 423-444. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "U.S. State Legislators' Opinions and Perceptions 
of Constituency Attitudes," Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 4 
(November, 1979), pp. 563-585. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Public Support for Pro-Choice Abortion Policies 
in the Nation and States: Changes and Stability after the Roe and 
Doe Decision," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 77 (November, 1979), 
pp. 1722-1789 (co-author). An extended version appears in Karl - 
Schneider and Mans Vinovskis (eds.), Perspectives on Abortion and 
Law Since 1973 (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1980), pp. 206-2i3. 

with Robert S. Montjoy and William R. Shaffer, "Policy Preferences of 
Party Elites and Masses: Conflict or Consensus?" American Politics  
Quarterly, Vol. 8 (July, 1980), pp. 319-343 (co-author). Article also 
appears as chapter in Norman R. Luttbeg (ed.), Public Opinion and  
Public Policy, third edition (Ithaca, IL: F.E. Peacock, 1980), 
pp. 280-296. 

with Wayne L. Francis, "Legislative Issues in the Fifty American States 
(1963-1974): Managing Complexity Through Classification, Legislative  
Studies Quarterly, Vol.5 (August, 1980), pp. 407-421. (co-author) 

"Gubernatorial Coattails: A Vanishing Phenomenon?" State Government, 
Vol. 53 (Summer, 1980), pp. 153-156. 

"Redistricting in Louisiana," in LeRoy Hardy, Alan Heslop and Stuart 
Anderson (eds.) Redistricting in the Fifty States (Beverly Hills: 
Sage Publications, 1981), pp. 134-140. 

with John J. Cogan, "The History Textbook Controversy in Japan, "Social 
Education Vol. 47 (April, 1983), pp. 253-257. (co-author) 

with Eric N. Uslaner, "Policy Congruence Among American State Elites," 
Journal of Politics, Vol. 45 (Feb., 1983), pp. 183-196. (co-author) 

with Michael A. Maggiotto, "The Impact of Organisational Incentives 
on County Chairpersons," American Politics Quarterly, Vol 14 (July, 
1986), pp. 201-218. (second author) 

with T. Wayne Parent and Calvin C. Jillson, "Voting Outcomes in the 
1984 Democratic Party Primaries and Caucuses," American Poltical  
Science Review, Vol. 81 (March, 1987), pp. 67-84. (co-author) 

with Harvey J. Tucker, "State Legislative Election Outcomes: Contextual 
Effects and Legislative Performance Effects," Legislative Studies  
Quarterly, Vol. 12 (November, 1987), pp. 537-553. (co-author) 



S 

"Historical Development of the Louisiana State Tax Structure," in James 
A. Richardson (ed.) Louisiana's Fiscal Alternatives: Finding 
Permanent Solutions to Recurring Budget Crises. (Baton Rouge: 
Louisiana State University Press, 1988), pp. 43-61. 

Contract Research Reports  

with William Kimberling, David Skelton, and Carl Banks, An Analysis of  
Laws and Procedures Governing Absentee Registration and Absentee  
Voting in the United States (Bloomington: Indiana University School 
of Public and Environmental Affairs Research Division, 1975). 
(contributor) 

with Rex D. Hume, Robert S. Montjoy, and James A. Palmer, An Analysis 
of Lays and Procedures Governing Contested Elections and Recounts  
(Bloomington: Indiana University School of Public and Environmental 
Affairs, Institute for Research in Public Safety, 1978). (major 
contributor) 

with Lance E. Brouthers, Jay R. Lueckel, and H. Gordon Monk, Final 
Report on State-Local Fiscal Study (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State 
Legislative Fiscal Office, 1982). (major contributor) 

with Jay R. Lueckel and George Silbernagel III, The State of Local  
Finance in Louisiana, 1983 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Legisl&tive 
Fiscal Office, 1984). (major contributor) 

Professional Papers  

with Anne H. Hopkins, "A Methodology for Synthesizing State 
Policy Preferences," 1968 Conference on the Measurement of Public 
Policies in the American States, Ann Arbor, Michigan. (co-author) 

with Frank J. Munger, "Party Identification and the Classification of 
State Party Systems," 1968 Annual Meeting of the American Political 
Science Association, Washington, D.C. (first author) 

"Dimensions of State Party Systems," 1969 Annual Meeting of the 
Northeastern Political Science Association, Hartford, Connecticut. 

with William R. Shaffer, "The Comparative Study of American State 
Policy-Making; What Lessons for the Policy-Maker?",1970 Conference on 
the City and the State: Problems of the Seventies, Bloomington, 
Indiana. (co-author) 

with William R. Shaffer, "The State Public Policy-Making Process 
Political Culture, and Public Opinion: A Limited Consideration of a 
General Model," 1970 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science 
Association, Chicago, Illinois. (first author) 

with Anne H. Hopkins, "Dimensions of Public Policies in the American 
States," 1970 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science 
Association, Los Angeles, California. (co-author) 

with William R. Shaffer, "Computer Simulation of Voting: A Test of a 
Revised Model," 1972 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science 
Association, Chicago, Illinois. (second author) 



S 

vith William R. Shaffer, "The Costs and Benefits of American 
State-Local Government Policies," 1972 Annual Meeting of the 
Southwestern Political Science Association, San Antonio, 
Texas. (first author) 

with William R. Shaffer, "Political Responsiveness in the American 
States," 1972 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science 
Association, Washington, D.C. (co-author) 

with William L. Shade, "The Determinants of Party Structure and Party 
Competitiveness in the American States," 1972 Annual Meeting of the 
Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta, Georgia. (second 
author) 

with William R. Shaffer and Robert S. Montjoy, "Mass and Political Elite 
Beliefs about the Policies of the Regime," 1973 Annual Meeting of the 
American Political Science Association, Nev Orleans, Louisiana. 
(co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "The Electoral Impact of Reapportionment," 1973 
Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, 
Atlanta, Georgia. (co-author) 

with Wayne L. Francis, "Legislative Issues in the States: 1963-1973," 
1975 Annual Meeting of Western Political Science Association, 
Seattle, Washington. (first author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Partisan Cues and Legislative Decision Making in 
the American States," 1975 Annual Meeting of the Midwest PolitiEal 
Science Association, Chicago, Illinois. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Legislative Professionalism and Legislative 
Reform: A Reconsideration," 1976 Annual Meeting of the American 
Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Patterns of Gubernatorial Pover and Influence in 
the American States," 1976 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political 
Science Association, Atlanta, Georgia. (co-author) 

with Eric N. Uslaner, "Reapportionment, Gerrymandering, and Change in 
the Partisan Balance of Foyer in the American States," 1977 Annual 
Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 
Illinois. (co-author) 

with Eric N. Uslaner, "Public Opinion and Linkage Politics in the 
American States: Which 'Elite' is Most Representative," 1977 Annual 
Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, 
D.C. (co-author) 

with Debra L. Dean and Robert V. Behrman, "Elite and Mass Opinions in 
the Formulation of American State Public Policies," 1977 Annual 
Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, 
Louisiana. (first author) 

with Rex D. Hume, Robert S. Montjoy and James A. Palmer, "What Happens 
After the Polls Close?: Recounts, Contests, and the Integrity of the 
Electoral Process," 1977, Annual Meeting of the Southern Political 
Science Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Legislators' Opinions and Perceptions of 
Constituency Attitudes: Linkage Politics in the American States," 
1978 Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Los 
Angeles, California. (co-author) 



with Eric M. Uslaner, "Policy Congruence in the American States: 
Descriptive Representation Versus Electoral Accountability," 1979 
Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 
Illinois. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "The 'String of Votes' Hypothesis," 1979 Annual 
Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Gatlinburg, 
Tennessee. (co-author) 

with Edward D. Feigenbaum, "Contested Election Disputes in the 
U.S. House of Representatives: A Longitudinal Analysis," 1979 Annual 
Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Gatlinburg, 
Tennessee. (first author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Representing People Who Have Interests," 1980 
Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, 
Illinois. (co-author) 

with Eric M. Uslaner, "Cognitive Consistency and the Politicization of 
the Abortion Issue Among the Mass Public, 1972-1976," 1981 Annual 
Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Cincinnati, 
Ohio. (co-author) 

"The Political and Social Beliefs of Evangelical Protestants in the 
United States," 1983 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science 
Association, Chicago, Illinois. 

"Evangelical Christians in the American Electoral Process," 1983 Annual 
Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Birminghii, 
Alabama. 

"Competing Explanations of Electoral Success in Gubernatorial 
Elections," 1984 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science 
Association, Savannah, Georgia. 

with T. Wayne Parent, "National Versus State Effects on State and Local 
Elections," 1985 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science 
Association, Chicago, Illinois. (co-author) 

with Harvey J. Tucker, "Electoral Change in U.S. States: System versus 
Constituency Competition," 1985 Annual Meeting of American Political 
Science Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. (co-author) 

with James C. Garand, "Partisan Change and Shifts in State Revenue 
Priorities," 1986 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science 
Association, Chicago, Illinois. (co-author) 

with Harvey J. Tucker, "State Legislative Election Outcomes: Contextual 
Effects, Historical Effects, and Legislative Performance Effects," 
1986 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, 
Atlanta, Georgia. (co-author) 

"Historical Development of the Louisiana State Tax Structure," 1987 
Conference on Finding Permanent Solutions to Louisiana's Recurring 
Fiscal Crisis, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 

with T. Wayne Parent, "National Effects in State Elections: A Time-
Series Analysis," 1987 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political 
Science Association, Charlotte, North Carolina. (co-author) 



Fellowship and Grants  

National Defense Education Act Graduate Fellowship in Political 
Science, 1964-1965, 1965-1966, and 1966-1967. 

National Science Foundation Fellowship to attend Seminar in 
Mathematical Political Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 
Michigan, Summer, 1966. 

National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant, 
1968-1970. 

Research Grant from Metropolitan Studies Program, Syracuse University, 
1969-1970. 

National Science Foundation Grant from the Undergraduate Instructional 
Scientific Equipment Program, 1970-1972. (with John V. Gillespie) 

Indiana University Equipment Committee Grant to match the National 
Science Foundation Equipment Grant, 1970-1972. (with John 
V. Gillespie) 

Research Grant from Metropolitan Studies Program, Syracuse University, 
Summer, 1970. (with William R. Shaffer, Purdue University) 

Research Grant from the School of Education, Purdue University, 
1970-1971. 

Faculty Research Fellowship, Indiana University, Summer, 1972. 
Research Contract from the Clearing House on Election Administration, 

U.S. Government Accounting Office, 1974-1975. (with William 
Kimberling, Indiana University) 

Research Contract from the Clearing House on Election Law and 
Administration, Federal Election Commission, 1976-78. (with Rex 
D. Hume and Janes A. Palmer, Indiana University, and Robert 
S. Montjoy, University of Virginia) 

Research Contract from the Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office, 
1980-84. 

Research Contract from the Louisiana House of Representatives, 
1980-81. (with Lawrence S. Falkowski) 

Research Contract from Louisiana House of Representatives, 1981-1982. 
(with Lawrence S. Falkowski) 

Senior Lecturer Fellowship from the Fulbright-Hays Program to lecture 
in Japan, 1982-83. 

Administrative Activities at Louisiana State University 

Chairman, College of Arts and Sciences Committee on Social Science 
Research Institute Proposal, 1979-81. 

Member, College of Arts and Sciences Promotion and Tenure Committee, 
1987-

Member, College of Arts and Sciences Search Committee for Department 
Chair, 1985-86. 

Member, College of Arts and Sciences Long Range Capital Outlay 
Coordinating Committee, 1984-86. 

Member, Public Administration Institute Faculty Committee, 1983-84. 
Member, College of Arts and Sciences Senate, 1980-82. 
Member, College of Arts and Sciences Committee on Center for the 

Studies of the South Proposal, 1979-80. 
Member, College of Arts and Sciences Computer Committee, 1979-80. 



Director, Departmental Internship Program, 1985-86. 
Chairman, Departmental Graduate Committee, 1986-
Chairman, Departmental Lecture Committee, 1979-80, 1983-84. 
Chairman, Departmental Research Committee, 1980-82, 1985-86. 
Chairman, Departmental Recruitment Committee, 1980-1982, 1983-85, 1987-
Chairman, Departmental Advisory Committee, 1987-
Member, Departmental Graduate Committee, 1979-
Member, Departmental Recruitment Committee, 1979-80, 1983-
Member, Departmental Advisory Committee, 1980-81, 1985-
Member, Departmental Research Committee, 1980-
Member, Departmental Lecture Committee, 1979-80, 1983-86. 
Member, Southern University Public Administration Recruitment 

Committee, 1983-85. 

Administrative Activities at Indiana University 

Placement Director, Department of Political Science, Indiana 
University, 1975-76. 

Acting Chairman, Department of Political Science, Indiana University, 
Summer Session II, 1973, Summer Session I SI II, 1974, Summer Session 
I Ei II, 1975. 

Director, American Political Science Association State and Local 
• Government Internship Program, 1970-1971. 
Director, Lilly Endowment grant for Seminar on "The Study of Public 

Policy-Making," 1975-1976. 
Project Director, National Science Foundation Grant for Purchase of 
Undergraduate Instructional Scientific Equipment, 1970-72. 

Representative of Indiana University to the International Survey 
Library Association, The Roper Opinion Research Center, Villiamstovn, 
Massachusetts, 1969-79. 

Representative of Indiana University to the Inter-University 
Consortium for Political and Social Research, The Institute of Social 
Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1971-79. 

Chairman, Departmental Committee on Data Archives and Facilities, 
1969-1973. 

Chairman, Departmental American Politics Search Committee, 1971-1972. 
Chairman, Departmental Committee on Faculty Needs, 1974-1975. 
Chairman, Departmental Faculty Recruitment Committee, 1975-1976. 
Member, Departmental American Politics Search Committee, 1973-1975. 
Member, Departmental Committee on Graduate Admissions and Financial 

Aids, 1969-1971, 1973-1975, 1978-1979. 
Member, Departmental Committee on Promotions and Tenure, 1970-1972, 

1977-1979. 

Member, Departmental Committee on Political Science Publications 
Series, 1973-1974. 

Member, Departmental Graduate Policy Committee, 1975-1976. 
Member, Departmental Committee on Affirmative Action, 1978-1979. 
Member, University Committee on Use of the 1970 Census, 1970-1972. 
Member, University Faculty Committee on Indiana University Press 
Affairs, 1972-1975. 

Member, University Management Information System Faculty 
Employee/Research Information Projects Task Force, 1973-1974. 



Member, School of Public and Environmental Affairs Committee on 
Undergraduate Curriculum, 1971-1973. 

Member, School of Education, Spencer Foundation Research Proposal 
Review Committee, 1977-1978. 

Member, Arts and Sciences Committee on General Education Requirements 
for Education Degrees, 1977. 

Member, Graduate School Committee on Ph.D. Degree Requirements, 
1978-1979. 

Professional Activities  

Editorial Board: American Politics Quarterly, 1977-1987. 
Sage University Papers on Quantitative Applications in 

the Social Sciences, 1974-1983. 
Consultant to the Book Review Editor: The Journal of Politics, 

1985-87. 

Member: American Political Science Association 
Midwest Political Science Association 
Southern Political Science Association 
American Association for the Advancement of Science 
American Society for Public Administration 
Southwestern Political Science Association 

Executive Council: American Political Science Association, 1981-1983. 
Southern Political Science Association, 1985-

Steering Committee: Comparative State Politics Group, 1983-1986. 
Inter-University Consortium for Political and 

Social Research, State Legislative Electoral 
Data Project, 1987-

Proposal Reviewer: National Science Foundation 

Manuscript Reviewer: American Political Science Review 
The Journal of Politics  
American Journal of Political Science 
American Politics Quarterly 
P211IY 
PaITIcal Methodology 
Public Administration Review 
Public Opinion Quarterly 
Sage Professional Papers in American Politics  
Social Science Quarterly 
Western Political Quarterly 
Indiana University Press 
Duxbury Publishing Co. 
McGraw-Hill Book Co. 
Prentice-Hall, Inc. 



• 

Program Committee: Southern Political Science Association annual 
meeting--1980 

American Society for Public Administration, 
Southeastern Regional annual meeting--1981 

Nominations Committee: Southwestern Political Science Association, 
1985-

Resolutions Committee: Southwestern Social Science Association, 1985-

Awards Committee: Southern Review of Public Administration, Chester I. 
Barnard Award Committee--1980 

Southwestern Political Science Association, Paper 
Award Committee--1981 

Southern Political Science Association, V.O. Key 
Book Award Committee-1981 

Southern Political Science Association, Women and 
Politics Paper Award Committee-1985 

Panel Chairperson: American Political Science Association 
annual meeting--1980 

Midwest Political Science Association 
annual meeting--1974, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1983 

Southwestern Political Science Association 
annual meeting--1974, 1980, 1985, 1987;1988 

Public Service Activities at Indiana University 

Democratic Party Nominee for County Commissioner, 1972. 
Democratic Party Nominee for County Councilman-at-Large, 1974. 
Democratic Party Nominee for County Commissioner, 1976. 
Democratic Party Nominee for Councilman, First District, 1978. 
Delegate to Democratic State Convention, 1976, 1978. 
Democratic Party Precinct Committeeman, 1978-79. 
County Councilman-at-Large, 1974-76. 
County Councilman, First District, 1978-79. 
County Tax Adjustment Board, 1976. 
County Community Action Program Board, 1974-76, 1979. 
County Criminal Justice Planning Task Force, 1976. 
County Jail Task Force, 1977-78. 
County Data Processing Task Force, Chairperson, 1978-79. 
Bloomington Workable Programs Committee, Chairperson, 1975-79. 
Bloomington City Council Dovntovn Steering Committee, 1977-79. 
Bloomington Urban Development Action Grant Steering Committee, 1978-79. 
County Legal Services Bureau Advisory Council, 1976-79. 
Consultant to UAV--CAP, Indiana State Teachers Association-IPACE and 

political candidates for Congress and State Office. 

Public Service Activities at Louisiana State University 

Consultant to the Louisiana Legislative Fiscal Office on State and 
Local Government Finance in Louisiana, 1980-84. 

Consultant to the Louisiana House of Representatives on the 



11 

Reapportionment of Congressional and House of Representative 
Districts, 1980-82. 

Consultant to the Lafayette Parish Charter Commission on the 
Apportionment of Parish Council Districts, 1981-82. 

Consultant to the St. Martin Parish Police Jury and School Board on the 
Reapportionment of Police Jury and School Board Districts, 1981-82. 

Consultant to the Attorney General of Louisiana as expert witness in 
the voter registration case of Quant v. Edwards (U.S. District Court, 
Eastern District of Louisiana), 1984-86. 

Consultant to the City of Gretna on the Apportionment of Board of 
Aldermen Districts, 1985-86. 

Consultant to the Parish of Plaquemines on the Revision of the Parish 
Home Rule Charter, 1985-86. 

Consultant to the Etowah County (Alabama) Board of County Commissioners 
on the Apportionment of County Commission Districts, 1986. 

Consultant to the Jefferson Parish Coalition for Better Representation 
on the Apportionment of Parish Council Districts, 1986-

Consultant to the Attorney General of Louisiana as expert witness in 
the voting rights case of Clark v. Edwards (U.S. District Court, 
Middle District of Louisiana), 1987-

Consultant to the Attorney General of Louisiana as expert witness in 
the voting rights case of Richardson v. Edwards (U.S. District Court, 
Middle District of Louisiana, 1987-

Consultant to the City of Gonzales on the Apportionment of Board of 
Alderman Districts, 1988-

Consultant to the Town of Lutcher on the Apportionment of Board of 
Aldermen Districts, 1988-

Consultant to Political Action Committees and political candidates for 
Congress and State-Local Offices, 1979-

Member, Revenue and Budget Review Committee, City of Baton Rouge and 
Parish of East Baton Rouge, 1985. 

Member, Federal Grand Jury 85-2, Middle District of Louisiana, 1985-86. 

May 1988 



APPENDIX B 



• 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Twenty-fourth Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1978 Primary Burns 

1981 Special Loumiet 
Primary 

198') Special Price 
Primary 

1982 Special Grefer 
Primary 

1986 Special Vondenstein 
Primary 

1987 Primary McCabe 
Faust 

1987 General McCabe 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

45.7 

82.3 

54.7 

86.2 

89.3 

26.0 
8.4 

63.2 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

58.3 

80.1 

63.8 

78.3 

74.7 

46.0 
20.3 

Cprrelation 
Coefficient  

. 9 51** 

.073** 

.565 ** 

.499** 

63.3 .001 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Twenty-fourth Judicial District 

% of Black % of White 
Voters for Voters for 
Winning Winnin g 

Year Election Winner Candidate Candidate  

1978 Primary Burns 51. 9 60.2 

1981 Special Loumiet 85.0 80.3 
Primary 

1989 Special Price 57.4 63.9 
Primary 

1989 Special Grefer 85.3 78.9 
Primary 

1986 Special Vondenstein 87.7 75.9 
Primary 

_ 
1987 Primary McCabe. 32.2 46.7 

. Faust 12.6 20.8 

1987 General McCabe 64.7 63.3 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Twenty-fourth Judicial District 

% of Black % of White 
Voters for Voters for 

Winning Winning Correlation 
Year Election Winner Candidate Candidate Coefficient  

1978 Primary Burns 41.1 58.9 .309** 

. 1981 Special Loumiet 81.6 80.1 .030 
Primary 

1982 Special Price 57.9 64.6 .160* 
Primary 

198 9 Special Grefer 88.6 77.4 .939** 
Primary 

1986 Special Vondenstein 90.0 75.2 .309** 
Primary 

1987 Primary McCabe 
Faust 

1987 General McCabe 

26.0 46.5 
7.9 19.7 

64.4 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

.566** 

.4 9 1** 

63.7 .036 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Twenty-fifth Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1984 Primary Kirby 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

88.8 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

64.5 .340** 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Twenty-fifth Judicial District 

Year  Election Winner  

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate 

1984 Primary Kirby 79.7 69.1 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Twenty-fifth Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1984 Primary Kirby 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate 

86.3 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate 
Correlation 
Coefficienz  

62.3 .373 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Thirty-fourth Judicial District 

% of Black % of White 
Voters for Voters for 

Winning Winning • Correlation 
Year Election Winner Candidate Candidate Coefficient  

1978 Primary Perez 87.9 63.7 .397** 

1978 Primary Lauthier 53.3 54.7 .023** 

1973 Primary McBride 
Tapper 

32.3 46.4 
57.1 32.1 

1978 General McBride 50.7 

1984 Primary Gorbaty 68.8 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

.999** 

.360** 

59.1 .126** 

57.7 .176** 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Thirty-fourth Judicial District 

% of Black % of White 
Voters for Voters for 
Winning Winning 

Year Election Winner Candidate Candidate  

1978 Primary Perez --- 63.9 

1978 Primary Lauthier 54.9 

1978 Primary McBride --- 46.5 

Tapper - 32.1 

1978 General McBride - 58.8 

1984 Primary Gorbaty 52.9 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Thirty-fourth Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1978 Primary Perez 

1978 Primary Lauthier 

1978 Primary McBride 

Tapper 

1978 

1984 

General McBride 

Primary Gorbaty 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

94.5 

55.8 

40.0 
59.9 

60.2 

62.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

65.1 .331 

55.4 .006 

46.3 .115 
32.8 .290 

59.0 .021 

53.8 .086 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Orleans Civil Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1978 Primary 

1979 

1979 

1979 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
General 

1979 Primary 

1983 Special 
Primary 

1984 Primary 

1984 Primary 

1986 Special 
Primary 

1986 Special 
Primary 

1986 Special 
General 

1988 

1988 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
General 

Gertler 
Katz 

Plotkin 

Ortique 
Reily 

Ortique 

DiRosa 

DiRosa 

Johnson 

Roberts 

Tobias 

Magee.. 
Hawkins 

Magee. 

Giarrusso 
Hughes 

Giarrusso 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

30.6 
29.7 

67.0 

91.2 
2.5 

97.6 

39.7 

7.7 

84.9 

49.1 

74.8 

75.0 
3.4 

91.5 

47.8 
35.1 

16.7 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

18.5 
55.8 

31.0 

13.7 
38.1 

14.9 

60.2 

94.2 

30.0 

76.7 

57.2 

9.5 
55.6 

12.4 

39.5 
3.4 

91.5 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.833** 

.641** 

.490*_* 

.969 ** 

.897** 

.965** 

-.593** 

.971** 

.975** 

.935** 

.990** 

.31 9** 

.935** 

.981** 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Orleans Civil Judicial District 

% of Black % of. White 
Voters for Voters for 
Winning Winning 

Year Election Winner Candidate .  Candidate  

1978 Primary Gertler 50.8 ')0..1 

Katz 30.8 55.9 

1979 Special Plotkin 65.3 47.7 
Primary 

1979 Special Ortique 89.2 15.2 
Primary Reily 2.8 36.3 

1979 Special Ortique 95.5 15.9 
.General 

1979 Primary DiRosa 38.6 5_8.4 

1983 Special DiRosa - 7.0 90.9 
Primary 

1984 Primary Johnson 84.5 31.8 

1984 Primary Roberts 48.7 . 76.7 

1986 Special Tobias 75.5 38.3 
Primary 

1986 Special Magee 72.7 9.5 
_Primary Hawkins 6.0 57.7 

1986 Special Magee 88.8 19 .9 
General 

1988 Special Giarrusso 48.3 40.3 
Primary Hughes 32.9 2.5 

1988 Special Giarrusso 18.6 90.5 
General 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Orleans Civil Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1978 Primary Gertler 
Katz 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

50.9 19.5 
30.0 54.3 

1979 Special Plotkin 67.1 
Primary 

1979 Special 
Primary 

1979 

1979 

1983 

Special 
General 

Ortique 
Reily 

Ortique 

Primary DiRosa 

Special 
Primary 

DiRosa 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.8 93** 

.594** 

50.6 .484** 

90.7 13.6 
2:6 38.3 

97.5 

40.5 

8.5 

.963** 

.882** 

14.3 .963** 

61.5 .578** 

94.9 .967** 

1984 Primary Johnson 84.7 29.9 .952** 

1984 Primary Roberts 50.0 77.0 .81 9** 

1986 Special Tobias 74.2 57.2 .686** 
Primary 

1986 

1986 

1988 

1988 

Special 
Primary 

Magee 
Hawkins 

Special Magee 
'General 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
General 

Giarrusso 
Hughes 

Giarrusso 

74.9 
3.2 

91.5 

9.8 
54.9 

12.5 

47.7 39.7 
35.2 3.2 

17.1 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

.973** 

.949** 

.988** 

.475** 

.935** 

91.5 .977** 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Orleans Criminal Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1982 

1982 

Special 
Primary 

Bane 
McKay 

Special Waldron 
Primary 

1982 Special Waltzer 
Primary 

1982 Special 
Primary 

1982 Special 
General 

1982 

Wimberly 
Julien 

Wimberly 

Special McKay 
General 

1984 Primary 

1984 

1986 

Douglas 
Quinlan 

General Quinlan 

Special 
Primary 

Cannizzaro 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

53.1 39.5 
36.7 48.7 

72.3 

74.2 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.4-1 7** 

.369** 

78.0 . 330** 

40.0 .905** 

12.7 50.2 
39.3 4.2 

12.3 

45.5 

72.1 
6.7 

.943** 

.923** 

83.6 .981** 

57.8 .330** 

6.0 
67.0 

12.0 89.1 

.968** 

.946** 

.993** 

27.7 86.8 .966** 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Orleans Criminal Judicial District 

Year  

198 9 

1982 . 

1982 

1982 

1982 

1982 

Election Winner  

Special 
Primary 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
.Primary 

Special 
General 

Special 
General 

1984 Primary 

1984 General 

1986 Special 
Primary 

Bane 
McKay 

Waldron 

• Waltzer 

Wimberly 
Julien 

Wimberly 

McKay 

Douglas 
Quinlan 

Quinlan 

Cannizzaro 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate  

53.2 36.6 
37.6 53.1 

79 .6 78.3 

73.8 41.3 

13.8 
39.8 

50.1 
5.8 

13.7 82.0 

45.1 69 .0 

71.8 7.5 
7.9 66.4 

14.3 88.6 

26.7 84.9 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Orleans Criminal Judicial District 

Year Election Winner  

1982 

1982 

1989 

1982 

1982 

1982 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
Primary 

Special 
General 

Bane • 
McKay 

Waldron 

Waltzer 

Wimberly 
Julien 

Wimberly 

Special McKay 
General 

1984 Primary Douglas 
Quinlan 

1984 General Quinlan 

1986 Special 
Primary 

Cannizzaro 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate 

59 .4 
37.2 

79.9 

74.1 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate 

37.6 
50.3 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.394** 

78.4 .348** 

39.6 .896** 

12.7 49.9 
38.8 4. 9 

12.7 

46.6 

79 .4 
6.7 

.937** 

.918** 

83.3 .997** 

39.4 .330** 

5.8 
67.6 

12.1 89.1 

28.4 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

.971** 

.945** 

.99.)** 

86.7 .969** 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, At-Large District 

Year Election Winner  

1981 Special 
Primary 

Byrnes 
Becker 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

57. 7 
38.9 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

43.3 
48.7 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.387** 

.339** 



• 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, At-Large District 

Year . Election 

1981 Special 
Primary 

% of Black % of White 
Voters for Voters for 
Winning Winning 

Winner Candidate Candidate  

Byrnes 56.5 45.9 
Becker 38.9 46.6 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, At-Large District 

Year Election Winner  

1981 Special 
Primary 

Byrnes 
Becker 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

56.2 
39.3 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

46.4 
47.5 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

979** 

.953** 



S 
Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, First District 

Year Election Winner  

1978 Special 
Primary 

Barry 
Garrison 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

9 3.1 26.9 
53.4 33.7 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.166** 

.505** 

1978 Special Garrison 74.0 43.2 .685** 
General 

1981 Special Williams 63.9 43.2 .598** 
Primary 

1981 Special Ward 65.9 58.1 .268** 
Primary 

1987 Primary Plotkin 47.2 78.7 .881** 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, First District 

Year  

1978 

Election Winner  

Special 
Primary 

Barry 
Garrison 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

9 7.9 
49.6 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate 

9 5.1 
99.9 

1978 Special Garrison 70.0 ).0 
General 

1981 Special Williams 64.0 . 44.3 
Primary 

1981 Special Ward 65.3 59.1 
Primary 

1987 Primary Plotkin 49.1 79.3 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, First District 

Year Election Winner  

1978 Special 
Primary 

Barry 
Garrison 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

22.4 
54.0 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate  

97.5 
34.8 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.909** 

.480** 

1978 Special Garrison 74.6 44.3 .664** 
General 

1981 Special Williams 64.3 43.6 .380** 
Primary 

1981 Special Ward 66.5 58.7 .258** , 
Primary 

1987 Primary Plotkin .47.2 78.7 .880** 
_ 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



• 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, Second District 

Year Election Winner  

1980 Special Kliebert 
Primary 

1980 Primary • Kliebert 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

74.0 

26.3 
Tapper 61.1 

1980 General Tapper 49.6 

1981 Special Tapper 74.3 
Primary 

1981 Special Lobrano 74.7 
Primary 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

60.8 .976** 

23.9 
58.3 

71.3 

56.9 

64.3 

.073** 

.048** 

.501** 

.276** 

.118 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, -Second District 

Year  

1980 

Election Winner  

Special 
Primary 

1980 Primary 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate 

Kliebert 61.8 

Kliebert 
Tapper 

22 .9 
60.8 

1980 General Tapper 70.9 

1981 Special Tapper 55.6 
Primary 

1981 Special 
Primary 

Lobrano 63.5 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, Second District 

Year Election  

1980 Special 
Primary 

1980 Primary 

Winner  

Kliebert 

Kliebert 
Tapper 

1980 General Tapper 

1981 ,Special Tapper 
Primary 

1981 Special 
Primary 

Lobrano 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

80.6 

35.4 
58.1 

47.1 

68.6 

73.3 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  
Correlation 
Coefficient  

58.0 .4 94 

90.1 
61.1 

71.4 

60.7 

62 .4 

.3 98 

.045 

. 535* 

.107 

.115 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, Third District 

Year Election Winner  

• 1980 Special 
Primary 

1980 Primary 

Kliebert 

Kliebert 
Tapper 

1980 General Tapper 

1981 Special Klees 
Primary 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

55.6 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  
Correlation 
Coefficient  

65.3 .064** 

9 1.9 22.0 .015** 
72.5 68.4 .059** 

55.5 65.4 .139** 

86.3 57.1 .219** 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, Third District 

Year  

1980' 

Election Winner  

Special 
Primary 

1980 Primary 

1980 

1981 

Kliebert 

Kliebert 
Tapper 

General Tapper 

Special 
Primary 

Klees 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate 

65.9 

21.3 
69.1 

65.3 

57.3 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Fourth Circuit, Third District 

Year Election Winner  

1980 Special Kliebert 
Primary 

1980 Primary Kliebert 
Tapper 

1980 General Tapper 

1981 Special Klees 
Primary 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

68.0 

13.4 
82.0 

58.0 

89.5 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  
Correlation 
Coefficient  

65.8 .0 90 

9 1.6 
68.7 

.148 

.188 

66.2 .120 

53.8 .258 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Fifth Circuit, First District 

Year Election Winner  

1986 .Primary Gothard 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

41.9 73.0 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.75;** 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Fifth Circuit, First District 

Year  

1986 

Election Winner  

Primary Gothard 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Winning 
Candidate 

45.1 73.3 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Fifth Circuit, First District 

Year Election Winner  

•1 986 Primary Gothard 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Winning 

Candidate  

41.2 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
,Winning 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

73.0 .798** 



APPENDIX C 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

First Supreme Court District 

for Secretary of State 

Year Election Candidate  

1987 Primary Lombard 
Rivers 
Cutshaw 
McKeithen 
Tassin 
Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

78.0 
3.7 
1.9 

12.0 
0.2 
4. 9 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

18.7 
0.8 

20.0 
34.5 
11.9 
14.1 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.947** 

.378** 

.913** 

.830** 

.844** 

.813** 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

First Supreme Court District 

for Secretary of State 

Year Election  

1987 Primary 

Candidate  

Lombard 
Rivers 
Cutshaw 
McKeithen 
Tassin 
Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

75.6 
3.9 
2.6 

12.2 
1.0 
4.8 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

18.9 
1.0 

19.8 
34.2 
12.0 
14.1 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

First Supreme Court District 

for Secretary of State 

Year Election Candidate  

1987 Primary Lombard 
Rivers 
Cutshaw 
McKeithen 
Tassin 
Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

78.4 
3.3 
1.7 

12.5 
0.0 
4.1 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

20.9 
0.8 
19.6 
33.8 

•11.3 
13.6 

.Correlation 
Coefficient  

.936** 

.381** 

.391** 

.798** 

.828** 

.785** 



Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

Orleans Parish Civil and Criminal Judicial District 

for Secretary of State 

. Year Election Candidate  

1987 Primary Lombard 
Rivers 
Cuts haw 
McKeithen 
Tassin 
Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

77.0 
4. 9 
1.6 

12.8 
0.3 
4.0 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

29.4 
0.4 

17.8 
31.1 
9.1 
19 .9 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.949** 

.357** 

.918** 

.785** 

.846** 

.780** 



Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

Orleans Parish Civil and Criminal Judicial District 

for Secretary of State 

Year Election 

1987 Primary 

Candidate  

Lombard 
Rivers 
Cutshaw 
McKeithen 
Tassin 
Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

75.6 
4.3 
2.3 

12.6 
0.7 
4.5 

% of white 
Voters for 
Candidate 

?9.7 
0.8 

18.1 
29.3 
9.5 

12.5 



Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

Orleans Parish Civil and Criminal Judicial District 

for Secretary of State 

Year Election Candidate  

1987 Primary Lombard 
Rivers 

.Cutshaw 
McKeithen 
Tassin 
Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

77.4 
3.6 
1.6 

13.1 
0.3 
4.0 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

99.9 

0.6 
17.8 
31.4 
9.0 

12.1 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.953** 

.371** 

.898** 

.771** 

.898** 

.765** 



• 

APPENDIX D 



• 
ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 Primary, Feb. 6 

Year Election Candidate  

1982 Mayor 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

Ali 0.3 
*Faucheaux 1.8 
Jefferson (B) 8.1 
Fertel 0.1 

*Morial (B) 89.3 
Waters (B) 0.4 

Council *Barthelemy (B) 104.3 
At Dee 4.0 

Large *Giarrusso 65.8 
(2) Koppel 25.8 

Civil 
Sheriff 

• Bush (B) 
*D'Hemecourt 
Ivon 

*Valteau (B) 

7.0 
16.3 
9.1 

67.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

0.1 
80.6 
6.3 
0.4 

12.5 
0.1 

53.2 
19 .4 
84. 9 
50.2 

1.9 
43.0 
33.3 
9 1.8 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.909** 
• .970** 
.208** 
.344** 
.981** 
.3'49** 

.923** 

.793** 

.751** 

.780** 

.446** 

.8 9 ** 

.690** 

.889** 



S 

ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1982 Primary, Feb. 6 

Year  Election• Candidate  

198 9 Mayor 

Council 
At 
Large 

Civil 
Sheriff 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

Ali 0.3 
*Faucheaux 3.3 
Jefferson (B) 8.0 
Fertel 0.1 
*Morial (B) 87.9 
Waters (B) 0.4 

*Barthelemy (B) 
Dee 
*Giarrusso 
Koppel 

Bush (B) 
*D'Hemecourt 
Ivon 

*Valteau (B) 

103.4 
3.9 

67.1 
25.6 

% of White . 
Voters for 
Candidate  

0.2 
77.3 
6.6 
0.4 

15.5 
0.1 

56.0 
11.8 
84.1 
4L 1 

6.4 .3 
18.2 44.5 
7.3 29.0 

68.1 94.9 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 Primary, Feb. 6 

Year Election Candidate  

1982 Mayor Ali 
*Faucheaux 
Jefferson (B) 
Fertel 
*Morial (B) 
Waters (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

0.3 
1.8 
8. 9 
0.1 

89.2 
0.4 

Council *Barthelemy (B) 104.3 
At Dee 4.1 

Large *Giarrusso 66.2 
Koppel - 25.4 

Civil 
Sheriff 

Bush (B) 
*D'Hemecourt 
Ivon 

*Valteau (B) 

7.1 
16.0 
9.6 

67.3 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

0.2 
80.2 
6.3 
0.4 
12.6 
0.1 

54.0 
12.7 
83.8 
49.6 

2.1 
43.3 
33.2 
21.5 

Co rrelation 
Coefficient  

.177** 

.966** 

.184** 

.319** 

.979** 

.331** 

.916** 

.697** 

.720** 

.766** 

.4.79** 

.8 93** 

. 670** 

.880** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 General, Mar. 20 

Year Election Candidate  

198 7 Mayor 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

*Morial (B) 98.3 
Faucheaux 

Civil *Valteau (B) 
Sheriff D'Hemecourt 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

14.3 .985 -

1.7 85.7 

86.7 34.3 .937** 
13.3 65.5 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1982 General, Mar. 20 

Z of Black % of White 
Voters for Voters for 

Year Election Candidate Candidate Candidate  

1982 Mayor *Morial (B) 
Faucheaux 

Civil 
Sheriff 

*Valteau (B) 
D'Hemecourt 

96.1 16.7 
3.9 83.3 

85.5 36.4 
14.5 63.6 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 General, Mar. 20 

Year Election Candidate  

1982 Mayor *Morial (B) 
Faucheaux 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

98.3 
1.7 

Civil • *Valteau (B) 86.8 
Sheriff D'Hemecourt 13.2 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

14.5 
85.5 

35.0 
65.0 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

. 987** 

.933** 



• 

ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 Primary, Sept. 11 

Year Election Candidate  

198 7 School 
Board 
(2) 

Jeffrion (B) 
Lombard (B) 

*Loving (B) 
*McKenna (B) 
Pope 
Rittiner 

*Robbert 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

17 .4 
21.6 
92.8 
60.2 
1.5 
4.9 
6.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

6.8 
10.0 
40.6 
17.3 
24.5 
47.0 
53.7 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.517** 

.639** 

.999** 

.870** 

.874** 

.920** 

.930** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1982 Primary, Sept. 11 

Year Election 

1984 School 
Board 
(2) 

% of Black 
Voters for 

Candidate Candidate  

Jeffrion (B) 
Lombard (B) 

*Loving (B) 
*McKenna (B) 
Pope 
Rittiner 
*Robbert _ _ 

19 .7 
19.7 
92.4 
61.0 
2.0 
4.3 
8.0 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

9.1 
43.8 
17.8 
24.3 
44.5 
54.1 

D-8 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 Primary, Sept. 11 

Year Election Candidate  

1989 School 
Board 
(2) 

Jeffrion (B) 
Lombard (B) 

*Loving (B) 
*McKenna (B) 
Pope 
Rittiner 

*Robbert 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

19 .9 
)1.4 
92.8 
60.2 
1.6 
5. 9 
6.6 

*Statistically significant at ..05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

6.8 
10.2 
41.0 
16.9 
23.8 
47.1 
54.2 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.49Q** 

.613** 

.923** 

.87 9** 

.849** 

.913** 

.923** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 General, Nov. 2 

Year Election Candidate  

1982 School 
Board 

*Robbert 
McKenna (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

13.1 83.7 .972** 
86.9 16.3 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1982 General, Nov. 2 

Year  

1982 

Election Candidate  

School 
Board 

*Robbert 
McKenna (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

13.5 89 .) 
86.5 17.8 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1982 General, Nov. 20 

Year Election Candidate  

1989 School 
Board 

*Robbert 
McKenna (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

13.5 84.1 
86.5 13.9 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.70** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1984 Primary, Sept. 29 

Year Election Candidate  

1984 Congress 
2nd 

School 
Board 
(1) 

Augustine (B) 
*Boggs 
Morrison 
Lodrig (B) 
Torregano (B) 

Beverly 
Charitat 
*Glapion (B) 
*Higbee 
Hirsch 
Lombard (B) 
West (B) 
Zanders (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

64.6 
34.5 
0.4 
0.4 
0.1 

1.9 
1.9 

49.2 
1.3 
0.2 
6.2 
0.7 

38.5 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

7. 
90.6 
0.6 
0.5 
0.6 

3.6 
9.7 
6.3 

56.3 
4.7 
3.7 
1.6 

14.2 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.949** 

.948** 

.117** 

.091** 

.415** 

.409 ** 

.546** 

.917** 

.973** 

.806 ** 
..367** 
.350** 
.767** 



S • 

ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1984 Primary, Sept. 29 

Year  

1984 

Election Candidate  

Congress 
2nd 

School 
Board 
(1) 

Augustine (B) 
*Boggs 
Morrison 
Lodrig (B) 
Torregano (B) 

Beverly 
Charitat 

*Glapion (B) 
'Higbee 
Hirsch 
Lombard (B) 
West (B) 
Zanders •(B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

69 .2 
36.7 
0.5 
0.4 
0. 9 

1.9 
1.8 

49.2 
3.2 
0.5 
5.5 
0.7 

37.1 

% of White 
Voters .for 
Candidate  

9.) 
89.1 
0.7 
0.4 
0.6 

3.5 
8,4 

56.6 
4.9 
3.3 
1.6 

14.5 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1984 Primary, Sept. 29 

Year Election Candidate  

1984 Congress 
2nd 

School 
Board 
(1) 

Augustine (B 
*Boggs 
Morrison 
Lodrig (B) 
Torregano (B) 

Beverly 
Charitat 
*Glapion (B) 
*Higbee 
Hirsch 
Lombard (B) 
West (B) 
Zanders (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

63.9 
35.2 
0.4 
0.4 
0.1 

1.9 
1.9 

48.7 
1.2 
0.3 
6.5 
0.8 

38.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

7.5 
90.8 
0.6 
0.5 
0.6 

3.6 
9.4 
6.6 

56.4 
4.7 
3.7 
1.6 

13.9 

1' 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.931** 

.930** 

.119* 

.104* 

.363** 

.375** 

.525** 

.999** 

.970** 

.77 9** 

.395** 

.3 1 9'** 
77 9 ** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1984 General, Nov. 6 

Year Election Candidate  

1984 School 
Board 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

*Glapion (B) 96.9 
Higbee 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

16.1 .988** 
3.1 83.9 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1982 General, Nov. 6 

Year  

1984 

Election Candidate  

School 
Board 

*Glapion (B) 
Higbee 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

93.9 15.6 
6.1 84.4 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1984 General, Nov. 6 

Year 7lectin Candidate  

1984 School 
Board 

*Glapion (B) 
Higbee 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

96.9 16.3 
3.1 83.7 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.986** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Feb 1 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 Mayor *Barthelemy (B) 
Hardy 

*Jefferson (B) 
Leblanc 
Lombard (B) 
Rauch 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

94.9 

0.3 
70.5 
1.7 
3.1 
0.1 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

49.9 

0.2 
6.7 

49.1 
1.5 
0.3 

Council *Bagneris (B) 70.6 15.4 
At Detweiler 3.0 57.5 

Large *Giarrusso 48.3 70.3 
(2) Kent . 0.2 28.5 

*Taylor (B) 66.6 19 .5 
Williams (B) 11.2 15.9 

Crim.Dist. *Lombard (B) 93.3 
Ct.Clerk Carroll 

Registrar *Lewis (B) 
of Merrity 

Conveyances *Schiro 
Watermeir 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.704** 

.178** 

.970** 

.960** 

.423** 

.169** 

.946** 

.966** 

.7 96** 

.932** 

.999** 

.367** 

67.5 .916** 
6.3 32.5 

46.3 
10.8 
28.1 
14.7 

Recorder of *Demarest 49.3 
Mortgages Bogan (B) 

4.9 
7.0 

57.7 
30.5 

.951** 

.456** 

.808** 

.631** 

90.6 .891** 
50.7 9.4 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Feb. 1 

Year  Election Candidate  

1986 Mayor 

Council 
At 

Large 
(2) 

Crim.Dist. 
Ct.Clerk 

Registrar 
of 

Conveyances 

Recorder of 
Mortgages 

*Barthelemy (B) 
Hardy 
*Jefferson (B) - 
Leblanc 
Lombard (B) 
Rauch 

*Bagneris (B) 
Detweiler 
*Giarrusso 
Kent . 
*Taylor (B) 
Williams (B) 

*Lombard (B) 
Carroll 

*Lewis (B) 
Merrity 
*Schiro 
Watermeir 

*Demarest 
Bogan (B) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

94.5 
0.3 

69.8 
2.6 
9 .8 
0.1 

69.0 
4.7 

47.4 
1.9 

65.2 
11.8 

% -of '?;hite 
Voters for 
Candidate  

41.7 
0.2 
8.7 

47.7 
1.3 
0.3 

15.4 
57.9 
66-.9 
29.7 
13.4 
16.8 

92.7 68.3 
7.3 31.7 

45.6 
10.1 
28.4 
15.9 

48.1 
51.9 

6.0 
6.5 
56.1 
31.4 

90.0 
10.0 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTION 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Feb 1 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 Mayor 

Council 
At 

Large 
(2) 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

*Barthelemy (B) 94.3 
Hardy 0.3 

*Jefferson (B) 70.1 
Leblanc 2.0 
Lombard (B) 3.2 
Rauch 0.1 

*Bagneris (B) 
Detweiler 

*Giarrusso 
Kent 

*Taylor (B) 
Williams (B) 

70.0 
2.8 

49.6 
- 0.1 
66.7 
10.9 

Crim.Dist. *Lombard (B) 93.3 
Ct.Clerk Carroll 

Registrar 
of 

Conveyances 

*Lewis (B) 
Merrity 

*Schiro 
Watermeir 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

/9 

0.2 
6.9 

49.0 
1.5 
0.3 

15.4 
57.6 
70.3 
9 8. 9 

13.0 
15.3 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.704** 

.164** 

.970** 

.933** 

.439** 

.944** 

.961** 

.692** 

.993** 

.920** 

.338** 

67.2 .898** 
6.7 32.8 

46.2 
10.9 
28.0 
14.9 

Recorder of *Demarest 49.7 
Mortgages Bogan (B) 

4.6 
6.9 

57.6 
30.9 

.954** 

.460** 

.798** 

.603** 

90.8 .893** 
50.3 9.2 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 



S . • 
ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Feb 1 (Cont.) 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 Criminal Aubry (B) 
Sheriff *Foti 

Ghergich 

Civ.Dist. Begg 
Ct.Clerk Ciamarra 

Douglas (B) 
*Foley 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

10.5 
76.6 
12.9 

3.1 
2.8 

41.2 
52.9 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

5. 9 
82.7 
12.1 

9.6 
13.2 
5.7 

71.5 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.36 9** 

.499** 

.084** 

.7 9 1** 

.765** 

.930** 

.698** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Feb. 1 (Cont.) 

Year  

1986 

Election Candidate  

Criminal 
She 

Civ.Dist. 
Ct.Clerk 

Aubry (B) 
*Foti 
Ghergich 

Begg 
Ciamarra 
Douglas (B) 
*Foley 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

10.2 
77.3 
12.5 

3.3 
3.1 

39.2 
34.3 

% of Vhite 
Voters for 
Candidate  

3.4 
83.0 
11.3 

9.6 
12.8 
5.0 

72.6 



S 

ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Feb 1 (Cont.) 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 Criminal 
Sheriff 

Aubry (B) 
*Foti 
Ghergich 

Civ.Dist. Begg 
Ct.Clerk Ciamarra 

Douglas B) 
*Foley 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Can  

10.5 
76.7 
12.8 

3.1 
2.8 
49 .0 
52.1 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

9.3 
12.9 
5.3 
79 .5 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.333** 

.403** 

.060 

.685** 

.739** 

.943** 

.740** 



• 
ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 General, Mar. 1 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 Registrar Lewis (B) 
of *Schiro 

Conveyance 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

73.4 
26.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

17.0 
83.0 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.960** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1986 General, Mar. 1 

Year Election  

1986 Registrar 
of 

Conveyances 

Candidate  

Lewis (B) 
*Schiro 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of Whit.e 
Voters for 
Candidate  

79 .4 18.0 
27.6 _82.0 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 General, Mar. 1 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 Registrar Lewis (B) 
of *Schiro 

Conveyances 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

73.5 
26.5 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

16.8 
83.2 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.959** 



7 

ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Sept. 29 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 School 
Board 
(2) 

Evans (B) 
*Koppel 
*Lambert-
Busshoff 
Lombard (B) 

*McKenna (B) 
Williams (B) 
Zanders (B) 
White Others 
Black Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

30.6 
24. 9 
3.9 

11.8 
41.7 
94.3 
25.8 
1.1 

16.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

8.8 
86.7 
55.7 

5.3 
18.0 
10.7 
6.0 
3.7 
5.1 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.884** 

.969** 

.968** 

.686 ** 

.803** 

.663** 

.829** 

.637** 

.603** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Sept. 29 

Year  

1986 

% of Black 
Voters for 

Election Candidate Candidate  

School 
Board 
(2) 

Evans (B) 
*Koppel 
*Lambert-
Busshoff 
Lombard (B) 

*McKenna (B) 
Williams (B) 
Zanders (B) 
White Others 
Black Others 

30.5 
25.3 
4.3 

11.0 
42.1 
25.1 
94. 9 
1. , 

16.3 

% of White 
Voters for . 
Candidate  

10.8 
83.5 
53.5 

5.1 
19.2 
11.8 
5.4 
3.4 
5,4 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 Primary, Sept. 29 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 School 
Board 
(2) 

Evans (B) 
*Koppel 
*Lambert-
Busshoff 
Lombard (B) 

*McKenna (B) 
Williams (B) 
Zanders (B) 
White Others 
Black Others 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

30.8 
24.4 
4.1 

11.9 
41.3 
23.9 
26.1 
1.1 

16.4 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

9.1 
86.7 
55.9 

5.3 
17.9 
10.4 
5.8 
3.7 
5.1 

Correlation 
Coefficient  

.388*" 

.968* 

.963** 

.686** 

.794** 

.659** 

.834** 

.630** 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Weighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 General, Nov. 4 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 School 
Board 

*McKenna (B) 
Lambert-
Busshoff 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

87.9 
19 .1 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level. 

% of White 
• Voters for 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

9 3. .989** 
• 76.5 



ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Homogeneous Precinct Analyses 

for 1986 General, Nov. 4 

Year  

1986 

Election Candidate  

School 
Board 

*McKenna (B) 
Lambert-
Busshoff 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

86.6 94.8 
13.4 75.9 



.4) 

ORLEANS PARISH ELECTIONS 

Results of Unweighted Regression Analyses 

for 1986 General, Nov. 4 

Year Election Candidate  

1986 School 
Board 

*McKenna (B) 
Lambert-
Busshoff 

% of Black 
Voters for 
Candidate  

% of White 
Voters for 
Candidate  

Correlation 
Coefficient  

87.6 23.4 .987** 
12.4 76.6 

*Statistically significant at .05 level. 
**Statistically significant at .01 level.
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