Newspaper article from The Charlotte Observer

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March 4, 1984

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  • Case Files, Thornburg v. Gingles Hardbacks, Briefs, and Trial Transcript. Newspaper article from The Charlotte Observer, 1984. 1095e134-d592-ee11-be37-00224827e97b. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/27c1a335-2bb4-4e8d-ba44-4adc081191e3/newspaper-article-from-the-charlotte-observer. Accessed April 06, 2025.

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Ohr 0h;rrlotlr Olbscrt'tr I oro,r\rED By THE KNTcHT puBLrsHrNG coMpANy

Tur, (ltt.cnLortr Nnws 
I 

't ao^32188! IrrA^torrE N< 2a232 ' t)rr()N.7o437!,6300

March J, f-g8lf

Lanl:

Thanks for alL youl3 help ln the rodlstrictlng
story. Hero tt Ls -- Jrollp very own copy.

I enJoyed taLklng wlth your and appreclate
your3 thoughtftrlness ln caLllng me agaln
en noute to youn d.estinatlono fhe repontorl s
Life would be much easier if more soturcos
were so enthuslastl,c and helpftll.
Glngles ls a fasclnating case to fo1Low,
and we plan to stay on top of it.
CalL me lf I can help you out sometLmoo
Agaln, many thanks.

SlncereLy,

A##



Clouds 
Partly cloUdy to­
day with a 40% 
chance of ehow· 
era tonight. High 
in the mld-108. 
Low in the mid­
co.. 
Detallt, Pg. 2A 

N.C. State's 
Leader In Waiting 

Sports, Page 1 D 

uilts: Homey 
o High Fashion 

Carolina Living, Page 1 E 

Index 
8ooka ............ 10F LIYI~ .......... 1E 
Buatn••• .. "··-·58 Movlu ........ .2F 
Cfa .. lrted ....... 7C Obltuarlu.20A 
Edltorlal .......... 28 People ........ 11F 
Entertaln't ...... 1F PertpeCttve.18 
La"d•r1 ........... 6E Sporti .......... 1D 

TV Changes on Page 2C 
Contenta (C) 1984, The Chatlolte Ob-

Foremost Newspa11er of the Carolinas 

Sunday, March 4, 1984 A For Home Delivery Assists ce 379-6666, 7 a.m.-Noon 5 Price: 75¢ 

Black VoterS See Di tricting As Tool For Change 
By JOHN MINTER 
And GAIL SMITH 

two candidates, the late S n. Fred Alexan· 
der and Rep. Phil Berry, ha e won. 

Staff Writers 

Lucie! McNeel hasn't missed an N.C. _leg­
islative election since she registered to vote 
in a west Charlotte precinct in 1962. 

But for McNeel, 63, a retired black do­
mestic worker, voting has been a frustrat­
ing mixture of hope and disappointment. 
She would pass out campaign flyers fpr 
black candidates and vote for them, only to 
see most of them defeated. 

McNeel believes her votes would have 
counted for more if the lack candidates 
she supported had run in small, predomi­
nantly black districts ra her than coun­
tywide. 

"(Majority black) distric s are one of the 
greatest things in the world," she said. 
"You have a chance to c oose the person 
you like." 

Luciel McNeel 

Since McNeel's first vote 22 years ago, 
Mecklenburg blacks have lost a dozen cam­
paigns for the N.C. House or Senate. Only 

McNeel's feeling that h 
in Mecklenburg's large, 
lative district is shared 
judges who ruled in J 

RAT~S NEST 
Sanitatio11 Crew Tacliles A Lifetime Of Debris 

By RICKI MORELL 
Staff Writer 

· In a neighborhood of green lawns and plant­
filled kitchens, where little girls visit their grand­
mothers on Sunday and most men live with 
wives, children and pets, James Reynolds has 
Jived with junk. 

Mildewed rugs, old mattresses, boxes of rot­
ting tangerines. Stacks and stacks of canned food 
bought years ago,.bits of lumber, squashed toma­
toes, a twisted hanger. 

Early Saturday morning, the man remained 
hidden. But the things he has been collecting for 

much of his adult life began streaming out the 
windows and the doors of his three-bedroom 
house in south Charlotte's Starmount section. 

Reynolds agreed last week to let city officials 
begin emptying his house, which neighbors say is 
infested with rats. 

At 8:45 a.m. three city sanitation trucks pulled 
up in front of the house at 6721 Woodstream Dr. 
Seven men from the Taylor Garbage Service put 
on white face masks and prepared to go in the 
house, where Reynolds sat, waiting. 

See MAN'S Page 13A 

A cleanup crew loads a daybed into a garbage truck behind the house 

votes were lost 
white legis­

federal 
that seven 

such districts across the state violate 'the 
Voting Rights Act. 

Black voting power, the judges said, is 
diluted by the state's long-standi,ng practice 
of grouping concentrations of black citizens 
within large, predominantly white districts. 

Considering evidence that most white 
voters don't vote for black candidates, the 
judges said, blacks face an often insur­
mountable obstacle to election. 

As a result, the judges told the state to 
redraw the districts where, as in Mecklen­
burg, separate, predominantly black dis­
tricts can be drawn. 

The General Assembly is to meet 
Wednesday in a special session to make the 

changes, and that means many voters like 
Lucie! McNeel will become part of a black 
voting majority. 

The judges' order applies only to districts 
with large concentrations of blacks. But it 
brings North Carolina closer into line with 
some other Southern states in which most 
legislators are elected in single-member dis­
tricts. 

In North Carolina, districting before 
1982 was based on county boundaries. Pop­
ulous counties elected more than one repre­
sentative to the House or Senate in at-large 
elections. 

See BLACK Page 12A 

Credentials 
Of Doctors 
Investigated 

By RICHARD D. LYONS 
New York Times 

In the largest investigation of its kind in 50 years, 
federal and state officials are probing the medical 
credentials of several thousand people working as 
doctors or seeking medical certification in many 
areas of the United States. 

The investigations, reported under way in 15 
states, stem largely from the Postal Service's discov­
ery last year of what it called extensive trafficking 
in fraudulent medical credentials that originated pri­
marily in Caribbean medical schools. 

Those who bought the fabricated degrees were 
mostly American citizens who paid $5,000 to 
$50,000 for them, the federal and state officials said. 

The investigators say they do not know how many 
individuals are posing as doctors, and they empha­
size that not all those with suspicious credentials 
will prove to be practicing medicine illegally. 

But the scope of the nationwide investigations is 
believed to go beyond anything undertaken in the 
United States regarding the proper certification of 
doctors since the early 1930s. 

Dr. William Rial, a spokesman for the American 
Medical Association (AMA), said the association was 
deeply concerned and fully recognized the need for 
criminal investigations. 

The AMA "is as outraged as everyone else over 
this trafficking in medical credentials," he said. 

"The time has come to put a stop to it," he said. 
"The question now is how." 

Investigations are also known to be under way in 
New York, California, Florida. Maryland, Illinois and 
other states. A federal official who requested ano­
nymity said at least 15 states are involved. He de­
clined to name the other states, saying this might 
compromise the inquiries. 

Investigators say the total number of cases is well 
. See FAKE Page 13A 

. Maine Caucuses To Focus On 
b 

· Mondale Race 
I ': By DICK POTHIER 

Kni9hi·Ridder Newspapers 

PORT~ND, Maine - Perhaps 25,000 
Maine Derpocrats will gather today to cast 
caucus vofes in what has turned out to be 
the nation's , first head-to-head contest be­
tween former Vice President Walter Mon­
dale and Sen. Gary Hart. 

But tytaine voters are considered so inde­
' il pendelt ,that there is no way to foretell 

1 . which presidential candidate will emerge 
·~ ~t. from the caucuses as the winner. 

~ On paper, Mondale's big statewide orga-
nization should virtually guarantee a cau­

' tus.,win. But since Hart's unexpected vic­
tory in the New Hampshire primary on 

Tuesday, what is on paper might not mean 
very much in this contest. 

Maine voter hemselves were not saying 
much about h they'll vote. Requests for 
predictions ab ut caucus results usually 
draw short, nkee-style replies: "Nope. ' 
Can't tell. Gott wait til tomorrow." 

ently growing more nervous in recent days, 
took the risky road of calling the vote an 
"all or nothing" proposition. None of the remaining· Democratic can­

didiates has actively campaigned in the 
state in recent weeks. 

A defeat In Maine, Mondale's advisers 
privately concede, would be a severe blow 
that would, as one put it, "leave us twist­
ing" until the primaries in three Southern 
states March 13. 

"It's David and Goliath here in Maine," 
said state Rep. John Michael, .an Augusta 
Democrat and Hart supporter. But "maybe 
we can hit him in the noggin." 

ks ago, the caucuses had 
a minor political event. 

Now they are ing viewed as an important 
contest that co ld provide an answer to the 
question that at the center of the battle 
between the o leading candidates: Can 
Hart's newfo d momentum and popular­
ilty overcom Mondale's advantage in 
money and or nization? 

The feeling among many Maine politi­
cians Saturday was a Mondale victory was 
far from assured. · 

"Mondale definitely has the edge in orga­
nization, money and people," said James 

. Henderson, deputy Maine secretary of state 

Former Gov. Kenneth Curtis, a key Moo­
dale supporter, countered Saturday by say­
ing that Maine voters would not repeat the 
sentiments expressed by New Hampshire 
voters. "Maine is bigger and has more 
sense" than New Hampshire, Curtis said. Mondale's mpaign managers, appar- See MAINE Page 1 OA 

UPI Pholo 

one network producer said, Reagan, who was 
sed in an Army parka, "hit his mark, he squinted 

an slowly lifted the binoculars. It was a very classic 
bi of acting, all costumed with the fur collar." 

Takes The Presidential Stage 
By FRANK GREVE 
Kni!lht·Ridder Newspapers 

WASHINGTON - Jimmy Carte 's personal 
secretary used to underline phr s in his 
speeches; Carter himself rarely t that in­
volved. "He was an engineer whe It came to 
language," recalled a former speec writer. 

Gerald Ford practiced his speec s by read­
ing them to aides. "It was like lstening to 
Jerry Ford delivering a speech de ," said one 
of them. 

Before Ford, there was Richard 
writers remembered, edited hi 
speeches like a lawyer-debater an 
,have his back against the wall w 
ing TV cameras. 

Before that, Lyndon Johnson's I 
bery face filled TV screens. T 
forceful in private, Johnson cam 
"a phony Uncle Corn Pone on 
Robert Squier, a Washington 

g and rub­
mendously 
across like 
, " recalled 
Ia consul-

since John Kennedy to enjoy himself on TV. 
He faces cameras and microphones with a 
unique political asset: The confidence of a man 
whose performances consistently have 
inspired applause for 48 years. He is also the 
only president known to have quieted aides, 
who were sitting in on a videotaping in the 
Oval Office, by shouting: 

"Quiet on the set!" 
Before Reagan ever ran for office he had 

performed live on radio for about 4,000 ha,urs. 
He had made 58 movies and delivered, by his 
own count, another 4,000 hours of speeches as 
spokesman for General Electric Co. 

seconds of live air time for his Jan. 29 reelec­
tion announcement, Reagan hit the mark at 
four minutes and 41 seconds. 

To deliver speeches shorter or longer than 
normal, Reagan can slow or speed his reading, 
without strain, by up to 20%, according to 
A vram Bakshian, his former chief speech 
writer, now a columnist for the Washington 
Times. 

Furthermore, Reagan always - and deftly 
- edits speeches on his feet. It's a skill he 
learned as a radio news and sports broadcaster 
in the 1930s reading live from unedited wire­
service copy. The changes in middelivery are 
small, prosaic and important. 

Reagan at the Korean DMZ in November 1983 taut. 
Enter Ronald y president 

This experience has earned Reagan the title 
of "The Great Communicator." And it consti­
tutes, in the eyes of his aides, one of his great­
est assets. With the occasional exception of 
Jesse Jackson, the Democratic presidential~ 
candidates cannot match his standard as a pub­
lic speaker. 

Reagan is a pro. Allotted four minutes and 

The advance text of Reagan's Slate of the 
Union message, for example, talked about edu­
cation and the decline of "SAT scores." 
Instead, Reagan said "Scholastic Aptitude Test 
scores," thereby making his point to millions 
of listeners unschooled in educational jargon. 

See A SEASONED Page 14A , 



12Lr. CHARLOTIE OBSERVER Sunday, March 4. 1984 • • • • • • 
Blacli Voters See District ng As Tool For Change 

Continued From Page lA 
Mecklenburg is an example of 

such a multimember district, in 
which voters elect more than one 
legislator. As a result, all eight 
Mecklenburg House members are 
electe.d by a constituency that Is 
75,% white. 

Single-member districting could 
a~ign two of the eight seats to 
two districts in west Charlotte 
and North Charlotte - where 
most of the county's 107,000 
blacks live - with black majori· 
ties of 60-70%. 

In 1982, the U.S. Justice De­
partment ordered the General As· 
sembly to ignore a 19th century 
state constitutional ban on divid­
ing counties in legislative dis­
trlcting. Redistricting that year 
pr,oduced three such predomi­
nantly black districts, but many 
multimember districts such as 
Mecklenburg's survived. 

N.C. HOUSE Black 
Candidates 

In Mecklenburg 
Slacks have lost 12 of 16 
campaigns in Mecklenburg 
legislative district elections 
since 1966. Here are the can­
didates, all Democrats, and 
how they fared: 

1968 
• George Leake fost nomina .. 
tion for House by 5,076 votes. 

1968 
• R.B. Phifer lost nomination 
for House by 5,760 votes. 

1970 
• John Hicks lost nomination 
tor House by 5,402 votes. 

"North Carolina is the state 
that has put up the most resis-' 
tance to going to single-member 
districts," said Brian Sherman 
with the Voting Rights Project of 
the Southern Regional Council in 
Atlanta. 

N.C. SENATE · 

• James Ross won nomina­
tion for House but lost In the 
general election by 1,676 
votes. 

'1972 

·Lani Guinier, a lawyer for the 
Mecklenburg - Cabarrus 

' •. . 

• Fred Alexander ' won Sen­
ate nomination but lost In the 
general election by 3,031 
votes. 

Staff Maps by GEORGE BREISACHER 

• John Hicks lost nomination 
for Senate by 13,668 votes. 

. NAACP Legal Defense Fund in 
New York, said North Carolina 
has long been viewed as a pro­
gressive Southern state. Yet, she 
said, "Nobody really looked be­
hind the image to see what was 
happening to the voters in the 
state. In North Carolina, as well 
as · across the country, politicians 
do.not want to change the elector-

Redrawing The Lines: Changes in 
state legislative districting ordered by 
three federal judges could elect two 
members of Mecklenburg's eight-seat 
N.C. House dist_rict from predomi· 

nantly black districts uch as those in· 
dicated · above, left. the four-seat 
Mecklenburg-Cabarru Senate district, 
one senator could . be ected by voters 
in a predominantly b-ack district re-

sembling the shaded area above, right. 
• James Ros~ won nomina­
tion for House but lost in the 
general election by 6,626 

\ ate or the type of electoral system 
that brought them to office." 

:one result of single-member · 
districting is clear. More blacks Leslie Winner of Charlotte, the 
haye been elected to legislatures principal lawyer in the suit that 
in ~Southern states that have gone led to the ruling, said not only 
to ,single-member districts. South blacks will benefit from more sin­
Carolina's 124-member House in- gle-member districts. Candidates 
clddes 19 blacks, up from three will be more evenly distributed 
be'fore single-member districts across the county, she said. Six of 
were drawn in 1974. Mecklenburg's eight current 

. j3lacks make up about 22% of House members live in southeast 
th_r N.C. population. Before 1982, Charlotte. 
they accounted for no more than ' The' key to the judges' order is 
six of 170 House and Senate mem- the requirement to break concen­
ber'' - giving them one of the tratlons of blac.k voters out of 
lowest shares of state representa- multimember districts. While the 
Hoi?. in the South. judges did not specify that single-

the first black N.C. legislator · member districts must be created, 
in •this century - former Rep. they said the existing multi· 
He»:ry Frye, D-Guilford, now a member districts illegally dilute 
staUl Supreme Court justice - blacks' voting strength. · 
was elected in 1969. The order covers multimember 

Helped by the 1982 redistrict· House districts in the urban coun· 
tnt; the number of black legisla- ties of Durham, Wake, Forsyth 
tors grew to 12, or 7% of the and Mecklenburg; a four-seat 
seats. House district composed of Edge-

'!'In recent years, the major combe, Wilson and Nash counties; 
obstacle to black representation and the four-seat Senate district 
has been white bloc voting in of Mecklenburg and Cabarrus 
combination with either at-large counties. 
or:Unfairly apportioned electoral ' A single-member Senate district 
district,s,." Sherman said. covering a!J or part of nine cou·n-

. Not e,veryone ties In the northeastern part of the 

Winner 

agrees that sin- state also is included. The judges 
g 1 e • m e. m b e r said the district line cut through a 
districts will heavily populated black area, part 
better serve of which was assigned to an adja· 
black resident~. cent district. · 
and some, such The state is appealing the order 
as Rep. Parks to the U.S. Supreme Court but 
H e 1 m s , D - failed in two attempts to get a 
Mecklenburg, delay on the March 16 deadline to 
say the switch · redraw the districts. 
will "resegre- If districts are redrawn as ex­
gate" _the politi- pected this week, eight additional 
cal system by · legislative seats will be assigned 

isolating black voters and the leg· to predominantly black districts, 
islators they elect. creating a total ·of 12 such dis· 

But Guinier, the NAACP Legal tricts across the state. 
Defense Fund lawyer, said that Some of those areas already are 
view assumes the current system represented by black legislators, 
works well for blacks.and is inte- but the redrawing could raise the 
gra~ed. Guinier helped prepar~ the number of blacks elected to the 
N.C. case that led to the federal General Assembly to 17, or 10% 
judges' order. . of the 170 seats. 

"There is no evidence the sys- "This is going to make it better 
tem is working well for blacks," for everybody," said Ralph Ging­
she said. "They're fooling them- les Jr., 37, a black Gastonia law­
selves thinking the process is de· yer who was one of four plaintiffs 
segregated." in the N.C. case. "It gives every~ 

body an equal chance to .partici­
pate in the political process." 

If majority black, single-mem­
ber districts were created accord­

/ing to maps considered but re­
. jected by the legislature in 1981, 

black majorities would elect two 
of eight Mecklenburg House mem­
bers and one of four senators in 
what is now the Mecklenburg-Ca­
barrus Senate district. That would 
be one-fourth of the seats, ·nearly 
equal blacks' 26.2% share of the 
county population . . 

"Single-member . districts are 
our best guarantee for electing 
blacks to office," said Larry 
Little, a black Winston-Salem al-
derman. . 

For example, in 1982, Jim Rich­
ardson, a 'black Democrat from 
Meckl~nburg, narrowly ·missed 
winning one of eight House seats. 
He finished ninth, just 250 votes 
behind incumbent Gus Economos 
in eighth place. 

Yet, according to an analysis by 
Bill Culp, Mecklenburg elections 
supervisor, Richardson received 
more than 75% of the vote in pre­
dominantly black precincts; most 
of which probably will be drawn 
into single-member districts this 
week. Richardson's share in pre­
dominantly white precincts was 
under 35%, Culp said. 

"If I had been running in a pre­
dominantly black district, there's 
no question I would have won 
against a white candidate," Rich­
ardson said •. 

Single-member districting Is a 
potential boon to Republicans as 
well as blacks. Republican offi­
cials ~re e~bracing the federal 
judges' order as an opportunity to 
gain more seats in the Geperal As-
sembly. , 

If many blacks are concen­
trated in majority black districts, 
their votes no longer would be a 
.factor in the remaining, mostly 
white districts. Black votes -
usually . Democratic .,.... sometimes 
have made the difference in Re· 
publican iosses. 

1'Black districts vote ·over· 
whelmingly Demo~ratic;" said 

·., 

N.C. Case IS lst Under Extended 
,, , ... By JOHN MINTER 

Staff Writer 
black candidates and blacks' socioeconomic 
status. 

· The black dots indicate the residences 
of incumbent House and Senate mem· 
bers, elected in multiseat, districtwide 
elections in 1982. 

vote~. ' 

1974 
• Fred Alexander elected to 
the Senate. 

M$cklenburg GOP Chairman Sam 
Wli).son. · · .. · 

. pponents of single-member 
di ricting question whether such 
a Ian necessarily would better 
se we the interests of blacks. , 

Is the right to vote for and 
int uence the actions and votes of 
a 'inority of our legislative dele~ 
ga on as important as voting for 
an influencing a majority of the 
,de gation?" Helms said in a letter 
tp ecklenburg elected black offi­
ci 's and community leaders. 

elms and some other legisla­
to believe splitting urban dis­
tri ts to create black majorities 
al means urban delegations will 
be ess unified and th~s weaker. 

· uilford County's multimember 
di rict was divided in 1982, with 
m ed results, said Rep. Mary 
Se mour, D-Guilford, chairman of 
he delegation. The redistricting 
" inlshed the effectiveness and 
cl~ut" of the delegation, she said. 

The delegation was divided 
over whether Guilford needed a 
hotel/motel tax, she said. Because 
of the split, the General Assembly 
la year did not include Guilford 
·in"' bill allowing Mecklenburg to 
i mpose such a tax. 

But the federal judges said such 
political implications are over· 
shadowed · by the issue of black 
voting strength. They looked at 
the lingering effects of racial dis­
crimination in registration and 

g practices and the use of 
as an issue in political cam­

They also looked at the 
political participation of 
a result of lower socio­

ec41np1nic status of blacks linked 

the demonstrable un· 
of substantial num­

the racial majority to vote 
any minority race candidate or · 
candidate identified with mi· 

rac;e interests is the linch­
vqte dilution by ·dis­

, said Judge J. Dickson 
n"""-~ of the 4th U.S. Circuit 

of Appeals, who wrote the 
.,., ......... for the three-judge panel. 

Black candidates typically get 

more than 90% of black votes but 
only a small share of white votes, 
said Bernard Grofman of Irvine, 
Calif., .a voting rights expert who 
analyzed state legislative races for 
his testimony in the N.C. case. 

Drawing districts with bla~k 
majorities Is a necessary step to 
increase the chances that blacks 
will be elected, Phillips said ... The 
judges want to speed the process 
of giving blacks fairer represen~a-' 
tion and a better chance at politi-
cal participation. · . 

Electing inore blacks because of 
single-member districts will have 
a "trickle-down effect" for blacks 
beyond the General Assembly, 
~aid Guini~r, the NAACP lawyer. 

"There is a spin-off in terms of 
minority representation on boards 
and commissions," she said. "Leg­
islative positions are not only im­
portant in terms of representing 
blacks in the General Assembly. 
They play an important function 
in grooming other people for po­
litical office and other leadership 
roles in the community." 

• John Hicks lost Senate 
nomination by 7,556 votes. 

1976 
• Fred 'Alexander reelected 
to the Senate. 

. 1978 
• Fred Alexander reelected 
to the Senate. 

1980 
• Rowe Motley lost ·Senate 
nomination by 2,345 voteS. 
• Bertha Maxwell won House 
nomination but lost in the 
general election by 2,195 
votes. 

1982 
• Jim Polk won Senate nom­
ination but lost in the general 
election by 1,359 votes: 
• Jim Richardson won 
House nomination but lost In 
the general election bY 250 
votes. 
• Phil Berry elected to the 
House. 

EYE 
·EXAMINATIONS 

·AND 
CONTACT LENS 

FITTING 
SERVICES . 

AVAILABLE BY 
APPOINTMENT 

. CHARLOTTE: 

DR. RICK D. 
~orth Carolina is the first state in which 

federal judges have ordered legislative dis­
tricts redrawn under a 1982 amendment that 
·extended the reach of the Voting ~.ghts Act· of 
1!}65. 

Those factors, the judges said, could lead a 
"reasonable" person to conClude a voting prac~ 
tice Wjl.S meant to discriminate against blacks. · 

That abruptly halted in 1982, when a more 
conservative Supreme Court overturned an AI- · 
abama case and insisted on· strict proof of in­
tent in voter discrimination cases .. 

have appealed the ruling to the 
but have failed to win a delay, 

the May 8 primary elections 
coll(l~!Cte~a under the present district 

BARTLETT 

:Under the 1965 act, plaintiffs had to prove 
tftat voting practices discriminated against 
diem and that pubUc officials intended for the 
pt;actices to do so. 

;.Proving discriminatory intent was much 
tougher than proving discriminatory effect, 
hl:fwever. 
: 'In the early '70s, federal judges began inter­

pfeting the voting-rights law more loosely, 
uSing a standard that evaluated int~nt by con­
sklering such factors as historical evidence of 
<{!:§crimination, whites' refusal to vote for 

Ironically, that ruling helped clear the way 
for changes in the Voting Rights Act that are 
the basis of the N.C. ruling in January. 

The Supreme Court action sparked an out­
cry from civil rights groups, ' which persuaded 
Congress - then debating extension of · the 
Voting Rights Act - to remove the strict in­
tent requirement. 

Congress complied by including in the law 
circumstantial measures of intent that some 

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for a delay wa5 sched· 
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no decision was announced. 

'Ucm:a .a.• Assembly is to meet ·Wednes­
changes, and House and Sen-

elections probably will be re-
hne~ · · 

of the change in the Voting 
attorneys for North Carolina 

Supreme Court may hear their 
rights experts don't think the 

DR~JOBNK. 
LINDSAY 

398-0870 
FREEDOM MALL 

'

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