Newspaper article from The Charlotte Observer
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March 4, 1984

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Case Files, Thornburg v. Gingles Hardbacks, Briefs, and Trial Transcript. Newspaper article from The Charlotte Observer, 1984. 1095e134-d592-ee11-be37-00224827e97b. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/27c1a335-2bb4-4e8d-ba44-4adc081191e3/newspaper-article-from-the-charlotte-observer. Accessed April 06, 2025.
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rO, 3ls-bb5z Ohr 0h;rrlotlr Olbscrt'tr I oro,r\rED By THE KNTcHT puBLrsHrNG coMpANy Tur, (ltt.cnLortr Nnws I 't ao^32188! IrrA^torrE N< 2a232 ' t)rr()N.7o437!,6300 March J, f-g8lf Lanl: Thanks for alL youl3 help ln the rodlstrictlng story. Hero tt Ls -- Jrollp very own copy. I enJoyed taLklng wlth your and appreclate your3 thoughtftrlness ln caLllng me agaln en noute to youn d.estinatlono fhe repontorl s Life would be much easier if more soturcos were so enthuslastl,c and helpftll. Glngles ls a fasclnating case to fo1Low, and we plan to stay on top of it. CalL me lf I can help you out sometLmoo Agaln, many thanks. SlncereLy, A## Clouds Partly cloUdy to day with a 40% chance of ehow· era tonight. High in the mld-108. Low in the mid co.. Detallt, Pg. 2A N.C. State's Leader In Waiting Sports, Page 1 D uilts: Homey o High Fashion Carolina Living, Page 1 E Index 8ooka ............ 10F LIYI~ .......... 1E Buatn••• .. "··-·58 Movlu ........ .2F Cfa .. lrted ....... 7C Obltuarlu.20A Edltorlal .......... 28 People ........ 11F Entertaln't ...... 1F PertpeCttve.18 La"d•r1 ........... 6E Sporti .......... 1D TV Changes on Page 2C Contenta (C) 1984, The Chatlolte Ob- Foremost Newspa11er of the Carolinas Sunday, March 4, 1984 A For Home Delivery Assists ce 379-6666, 7 a.m.-Noon 5 Price: 75¢ Black VoterS See Di tricting As Tool For Change By JOHN MINTER And GAIL SMITH two candidates, the late S n. Fred Alexan· der and Rep. Phil Berry, ha e won. Staff Writers Lucie! McNeel hasn't missed an N.C. _leg islative election since she registered to vote in a west Charlotte precinct in 1962. But for McNeel, 63, a retired black do mestic worker, voting has been a frustrat ing mixture of hope and disappointment. She would pass out campaign flyers fpr black candidates and vote for them, only to see most of them defeated. McNeel believes her votes would have counted for more if the lack candidates she supported had run in small, predomi nantly black districts ra her than coun tywide. "(Majority black) distric s are one of the greatest things in the world," she said. "You have a chance to c oose the person you like." Luciel McNeel Since McNeel's first vote 22 years ago, Mecklenburg blacks have lost a dozen cam paigns for the N.C. House or Senate. Only McNeel's feeling that h in Mecklenburg's large, lative district is shared judges who ruled in J RAT~S NEST Sanitatio11 Crew Tacliles A Lifetime Of Debris By RICKI MORELL Staff Writer · In a neighborhood of green lawns and plant filled kitchens, where little girls visit their grand mothers on Sunday and most men live with wives, children and pets, James Reynolds has Jived with junk. Mildewed rugs, old mattresses, boxes of rot ting tangerines. Stacks and stacks of canned food bought years ago,.bits of lumber, squashed toma toes, a twisted hanger. Early Saturday morning, the man remained hidden. But the things he has been collecting for much of his adult life began streaming out the windows and the doors of his three-bedroom house in south Charlotte's Starmount section. Reynolds agreed last week to let city officials begin emptying his house, which neighbors say is infested with rats. At 8:45 a.m. three city sanitation trucks pulled up in front of the house at 6721 Woodstream Dr. Seven men from the Taylor Garbage Service put on white face masks and prepared to go in the house, where Reynolds sat, waiting. See MAN'S Page 13A A cleanup crew loads a daybed into a garbage truck behind the house votes were lost white legis federal that seven such districts across the state violate 'the Voting Rights Act. Black voting power, the judges said, is diluted by the state's long-standi,ng practice of grouping concentrations of black citizens within large, predominantly white districts. Considering evidence that most white voters don't vote for black candidates, the judges said, blacks face an often insur mountable obstacle to election. As a result, the judges told the state to redraw the districts where, as in Mecklen burg, separate, predominantly black dis tricts can be drawn. The General Assembly is to meet Wednesday in a special session to make the changes, and that means many voters like Lucie! McNeel will become part of a black voting majority. The judges' order applies only to districts with large concentrations of blacks. But it brings North Carolina closer into line with some other Southern states in which most legislators are elected in single-member dis tricts. In North Carolina, districting before 1982 was based on county boundaries. Pop ulous counties elected more than one repre sentative to the House or Senate in at-large elections. See BLACK Page 12A Credentials Of Doctors Investigated By RICHARD D. LYONS New York Times In the largest investigation of its kind in 50 years, federal and state officials are probing the medical credentials of several thousand people working as doctors or seeking medical certification in many areas of the United States. The investigations, reported under way in 15 states, stem largely from the Postal Service's discov ery last year of what it called extensive trafficking in fraudulent medical credentials that originated pri marily in Caribbean medical schools. Those who bought the fabricated degrees were mostly American citizens who paid $5,000 to $50,000 for them, the federal and state officials said. The investigators say they do not know how many individuals are posing as doctors, and they empha size that not all those with suspicious credentials will prove to be practicing medicine illegally. But the scope of the nationwide investigations is believed to go beyond anything undertaken in the United States regarding the proper certification of doctors since the early 1930s. Dr. William Rial, a spokesman for the American Medical Association (AMA), said the association was deeply concerned and fully recognized the need for criminal investigations. The AMA "is as outraged as everyone else over this trafficking in medical credentials," he said. "The time has come to put a stop to it," he said. "The question now is how." Investigations are also known to be under way in New York, California, Florida. Maryland, Illinois and other states. A federal official who requested ano nymity said at least 15 states are involved. He de clined to name the other states, saying this might compromise the inquiries. Investigators say the total number of cases is well . See FAKE Page 13A . Maine Caucuses To Focus On b · Mondale Race I ': By DICK POTHIER Kni9hi·Ridder Newspapers PORT~ND, Maine - Perhaps 25,000 Maine Derpocrats will gather today to cast caucus vofes in what has turned out to be the nation's , first head-to-head contest be tween former Vice President Walter Mon dale and Sen. Gary Hart. But tytaine voters are considered so inde ' il pendelt ,that there is no way to foretell 1 . which presidential candidate will emerge ·~ ~t. from the caucuses as the winner. ~ On paper, Mondale's big statewide orga- nization should virtually guarantee a cau ' tus.,win. But since Hart's unexpected vic tory in the New Hampshire primary on Tuesday, what is on paper might not mean very much in this contest. Maine voter hemselves were not saying much about h they'll vote. Requests for predictions ab ut caucus results usually draw short, nkee-style replies: "Nope. ' Can't tell. Gott wait til tomorrow." ently growing more nervous in recent days, took the risky road of calling the vote an "all or nothing" proposition. None of the remaining· Democratic can didiates has actively campaigned in the state in recent weeks. A defeat In Maine, Mondale's advisers privately concede, would be a severe blow that would, as one put it, "leave us twist ing" until the primaries in three Southern states March 13. "It's David and Goliath here in Maine," said state Rep. John Michael, .an Augusta Democrat and Hart supporter. But "maybe we can hit him in the noggin." ks ago, the caucuses had a minor political event. Now they are ing viewed as an important contest that co ld provide an answer to the question that at the center of the battle between the o leading candidates: Can Hart's newfo d momentum and popular ilty overcom Mondale's advantage in money and or nization? The feeling among many Maine politi cians Saturday was a Mondale victory was far from assured. · "Mondale definitely has the edge in orga nization, money and people," said James . Henderson, deputy Maine secretary of state Former Gov. Kenneth Curtis, a key Moo dale supporter, countered Saturday by say ing that Maine voters would not repeat the sentiments expressed by New Hampshire voters. "Maine is bigger and has more sense" than New Hampshire, Curtis said. Mondale's mpaign managers, appar- See MAINE Page 1 OA UPI Pholo one network producer said, Reagan, who was sed in an Army parka, "hit his mark, he squinted an slowly lifted the binoculars. It was a very classic bi of acting, all costumed with the fur collar." Takes The Presidential Stage By FRANK GREVE Kni!lht·Ridder Newspapers WASHINGTON - Jimmy Carte 's personal secretary used to underline phr s in his speeches; Carter himself rarely t that in volved. "He was an engineer whe It came to language," recalled a former speec writer. Gerald Ford practiced his speec s by read ing them to aides. "It was like lstening to Jerry Ford delivering a speech de ," said one of them. Before Ford, there was Richard writers remembered, edited hi speeches like a lawyer-debater an ,have his back against the wall w ing TV cameras. Before that, Lyndon Johnson's I bery face filled TV screens. T forceful in private, Johnson cam "a phony Uncle Corn Pone on Robert Squier, a Washington g and rub mendously across like , " recalled Ia consul- since John Kennedy to enjoy himself on TV. He faces cameras and microphones with a unique political asset: The confidence of a man whose performances consistently have inspired applause for 48 years. He is also the only president known to have quieted aides, who were sitting in on a videotaping in the Oval Office, by shouting: "Quiet on the set!" Before Reagan ever ran for office he had performed live on radio for about 4,000 ha,urs. He had made 58 movies and delivered, by his own count, another 4,000 hours of speeches as spokesman for General Electric Co. seconds of live air time for his Jan. 29 reelec tion announcement, Reagan hit the mark at four minutes and 41 seconds. To deliver speeches shorter or longer than normal, Reagan can slow or speed his reading, without strain, by up to 20%, according to A vram Bakshian, his former chief speech writer, now a columnist for the Washington Times. Furthermore, Reagan always - and deftly - edits speeches on his feet. It's a skill he learned as a radio news and sports broadcaster in the 1930s reading live from unedited wire service copy. The changes in middelivery are small, prosaic and important. Reagan at the Korean DMZ in November 1983 taut. Enter Ronald y president This experience has earned Reagan the title of "The Great Communicator." And it consti tutes, in the eyes of his aides, one of his great est assets. With the occasional exception of Jesse Jackson, the Democratic presidential~ candidates cannot match his standard as a pub lic speaker. Reagan is a pro. Allotted four minutes and The advance text of Reagan's Slate of the Union message, for example, talked about edu cation and the decline of "SAT scores." Instead, Reagan said "Scholastic Aptitude Test scores," thereby making his point to millions of listeners unschooled in educational jargon. See A SEASONED Page 14A , 12Lr. CHARLOTIE OBSERVER Sunday, March 4. 1984 • • • • • • Blacli Voters See District ng As Tool For Change Continued From Page lA Mecklenburg is an example of such a multimember district, in which voters elect more than one legislator. As a result, all eight Mecklenburg House members are electe.d by a constituency that Is 75,% white. Single-member districting could a~ign two of the eight seats to two districts in west Charlotte and North Charlotte - where most of the county's 107,000 blacks live - with black majori· ties of 60-70%. In 1982, the U.S. Justice De partment ordered the General As· sembly to ignore a 19th century state constitutional ban on divid ing counties in legislative dis trlcting. Redistricting that year pr,oduced three such predomi nantly black districts, but many multimember districts such as Mecklenburg's survived. N.C. HOUSE Black Candidates In Mecklenburg Slacks have lost 12 of 16 campaigns in Mecklenburg legislative district elections since 1966. Here are the can didates, all Democrats, and how they fared: 1968 • George Leake fost nomina .. tion for House by 5,076 votes. 1968 • R.B. Phifer lost nomination for House by 5,760 votes. 1970 • John Hicks lost nomination tor House by 5,402 votes. "North Carolina is the state that has put up the most resis-' tance to going to single-member districts," said Brian Sherman with the Voting Rights Project of the Southern Regional Council in Atlanta. N.C. SENATE · • James Ross won nomina tion for House but lost In the general election by 1,676 votes. '1972 ·Lani Guinier, a lawyer for the Mecklenburg - Cabarrus ' •. . • Fred Alexander ' won Sen ate nomination but lost In the general election by 3,031 votes. Staff Maps by GEORGE BREISACHER • John Hicks lost nomination for Senate by 13,668 votes. . NAACP Legal Defense Fund in New York, said North Carolina has long been viewed as a pro gressive Southern state. Yet, she said, "Nobody really looked be hind the image to see what was happening to the voters in the state. In North Carolina, as well as · across the country, politicians do.not want to change the elector- Redrawing The Lines: Changes in state legislative districting ordered by three federal judges could elect two members of Mecklenburg's eight-seat N.C. House dist_rict from predomi· nantly black districts uch as those in· dicated · above, left. the four-seat Mecklenburg-Cabarru Senate district, one senator could . be ected by voters in a predominantly b-ack district re- sembling the shaded area above, right. • James Ros~ won nomina tion for House but lost in the general election by 6,626 \ ate or the type of electoral system that brought them to office." :one result of single-member · districting is clear. More blacks Leslie Winner of Charlotte, the haye been elected to legislatures principal lawyer in the suit that in ~Southern states that have gone led to the ruling, said not only to ,single-member districts. South blacks will benefit from more sin Carolina's 124-member House in- gle-member districts. Candidates clddes 19 blacks, up from three will be more evenly distributed be'fore single-member districts across the county, she said. Six of were drawn in 1974. Mecklenburg's eight current . j3lacks make up about 22% of House members live in southeast th_r N.C. population. Before 1982, Charlotte. they accounted for no more than ' The' key to the judges' order is six of 170 House and Senate mem- the requirement to break concen ber'' - giving them one of the tratlons of blac.k voters out of lowest shares of state representa- multimember districts. While the Hoi?. in the South. judges did not specify that single- the first black N.C. legislator · member districts must be created, in •this century - former Rep. they said the existing multi· He»:ry Frye, D-Guilford, now a member districts illegally dilute staUl Supreme Court justice - blacks' voting strength. · was elected in 1969. The order covers multimember Helped by the 1982 redistrict· House districts in the urban coun· tnt; the number of black legisla- ties of Durham, Wake, Forsyth tors grew to 12, or 7% of the and Mecklenburg; a four-seat seats. House district composed of Edge- '!'In recent years, the major combe, Wilson and Nash counties; obstacle to black representation and the four-seat Senate district has been white bloc voting in of Mecklenburg and Cabarrus combination with either at-large counties. or:Unfairly apportioned electoral ' A single-member Senate district district,s,." Sherman said. covering a!J or part of nine cou·n- . Not e,veryone ties In the northeastern part of the Winner agrees that sin- state also is included. The judges g 1 e • m e. m b e r said the district line cut through a districts will heavily populated black area, part better serve of which was assigned to an adja· black resident~. cent district. · and some, such The state is appealing the order as Rep. Parks to the U.S. Supreme Court but H e 1 m s , D - failed in two attempts to get a Mecklenburg, delay on the March 16 deadline to say the switch · redraw the districts. will "resegre- If districts are redrawn as ex gate" _the politi- pected this week, eight additional cal system by · legislative seats will be assigned isolating black voters and the leg· to predominantly black districts, islators they elect. creating a total ·of 12 such dis· But Guinier, the NAACP Legal tricts across the state. Defense Fund lawyer, said that Some of those areas already are view assumes the current system represented by black legislators, works well for blacks.and is inte- but the redrawing could raise the gra~ed. Guinier helped prepar~ the number of blacks elected to the N.C. case that led to the federal General Assembly to 17, or 10% judges' order. . of the 170 seats. "There is no evidence the sys- "This is going to make it better tem is working well for blacks," for everybody," said Ralph Ging she said. "They're fooling them- les Jr., 37, a black Gastonia law selves thinking the process is de· yer who was one of four plaintiffs segregated." in the N.C. case. "It gives every~ body an equal chance to .partici pate in the political process." If majority black, single-mem ber districts were created accord /ing to maps considered but re . jected by the legislature in 1981, black majorities would elect two of eight Mecklenburg House mem bers and one of four senators in what is now the Mecklenburg-Ca barrus Senate district. That would be one-fourth of the seats, ·nearly equal blacks' 26.2% share of the county population . . "Single-member . districts are our best guarantee for electing blacks to office," said Larry Little, a black Winston-Salem al- derman. . For example, in 1982, Jim Rich ardson, a 'black Democrat from Meckl~nburg, narrowly ·missed winning one of eight House seats. He finished ninth, just 250 votes behind incumbent Gus Economos in eighth place. Yet, according to an analysis by Bill Culp, Mecklenburg elections supervisor, Richardson received more than 75% of the vote in pre dominantly black precincts; most of which probably will be drawn into single-member districts this week. Richardson's share in pre dominantly white precincts was under 35%, Culp said. "If I had been running in a pre dominantly black district, there's no question I would have won against a white candidate," Rich ardson said •. Single-member districting Is a potential boon to Republicans as well as blacks. Republican offi cials ~re e~bracing the federal judges' order as an opportunity to gain more seats in the Geperal As- sembly. , If many blacks are concen trated in majority black districts, their votes no longer would be a .factor in the remaining, mostly white districts. Black votes - usually . Democratic .,.... sometimes have made the difference in Re· publican iosses. 1'Black districts vote ·over· whelmingly Demo~ratic;" said ·., N.C. Case IS lst Under Extended ,, , ... By JOHN MINTER Staff Writer black candidates and blacks' socioeconomic status. · The black dots indicate the residences of incumbent House and Senate mem· bers, elected in multiseat, districtwide elections in 1982. vote~. ' 1974 • Fred Alexander elected to the Senate. M$cklenburg GOP Chairman Sam Wli).son. · · .. · . pponents of single-member di ricting question whether such a Ian necessarily would better se we the interests of blacks. , Is the right to vote for and int uence the actions and votes of a 'inority of our legislative dele~ ga on as important as voting for an influencing a majority of the ,de gation?" Helms said in a letter tp ecklenburg elected black offi ci 's and community leaders. elms and some other legisla to believe splitting urban dis tri ts to create black majorities al means urban delegations will be ess unified and th~s weaker. · uilford County's multimember di rict was divided in 1982, with m ed results, said Rep. Mary Se mour, D-Guilford, chairman of he delegation. The redistricting " inlshed the effectiveness and cl~ut" of the delegation, she said. The delegation was divided over whether Guilford needed a hotel/motel tax, she said. Because of the split, the General Assembly la year did not include Guilford ·in"' bill allowing Mecklenburg to i mpose such a tax. But the federal judges said such political implications are over· shadowed · by the issue of black voting strength. They looked at the lingering effects of racial dis crimination in registration and g practices and the use of as an issue in political cam They also looked at the political participation of a result of lower socio ec41np1nic status of blacks linked the demonstrable un· of substantial num the racial majority to vote any minority race candidate or · candidate identified with mi· rac;e interests is the linch vqte dilution by ·dis , said Judge J. Dickson n"""-~ of the 4th U.S. Circuit of Appeals, who wrote the .,., ......... for the three-judge panel. Black candidates typically get more than 90% of black votes but only a small share of white votes, said Bernard Grofman of Irvine, Calif., .a voting rights expert who analyzed state legislative races for his testimony in the N.C. case. Drawing districts with bla~k majorities Is a necessary step to increase the chances that blacks will be elected, Phillips said ... The judges want to speed the process of giving blacks fairer represen~a-' tion and a better chance at politi- cal participation. · . Electing inore blacks because of single-member districts will have a "trickle-down effect" for blacks beyond the General Assembly, ~aid Guini~r, the NAACP lawyer. "There is a spin-off in terms of minority representation on boards and commissions," she said. "Leg islative positions are not only im portant in terms of representing blacks in the General Assembly. They play an important function in grooming other people for po litical office and other leadership roles in the community." • John Hicks lost Senate nomination by 7,556 votes. 1976 • Fred 'Alexander reelected to the Senate. . 1978 • Fred Alexander reelected to the Senate. 1980 • Rowe Motley lost ·Senate nomination by 2,345 voteS. • Bertha Maxwell won House nomination but lost in the general election by 2,195 votes. 1982 • Jim Polk won Senate nom ination but lost in the general election by 1,359 votes: • Jim Richardson won House nomination but lost In the general election bY 250 votes. • Phil Berry elected to the House. EYE ·EXAMINATIONS ·AND CONTACT LENS FITTING SERVICES . AVAILABLE BY APPOINTMENT . CHARLOTTE: DR. RICK D. ~orth Carolina is the first state in which federal judges have ordered legislative dis tricts redrawn under a 1982 amendment that ·extended the reach of the Voting ~.ghts Act· of 1!}65. Those factors, the judges said, could lead a "reasonable" person to conClude a voting prac~ tice Wjl.S meant to discriminate against blacks. · That abruptly halted in 1982, when a more conservative Supreme Court overturned an AI- · abama case and insisted on· strict proof of in tent in voter discrimination cases .. have appealed the ruling to the but have failed to win a delay, the May 8 primary elections coll(l~!Cte~a under the present district BARTLETT :Under the 1965 act, plaintiffs had to prove tftat voting practices discriminated against diem and that pubUc officials intended for the pt;actices to do so. ;.Proving discriminatory intent was much tougher than proving discriminatory effect, hl:fwever. : 'In the early '70s, federal judges began inter pfeting the voting-rights law more loosely, uSing a standard that evaluated int~nt by con sklering such factors as historical evidence of <{!:§crimination, whites' refusal to vote for Ironically, that ruling helped clear the way for changes in the Voting Rights Act that are the basis of the N.C. ruling in January. The Supreme Court action sparked an out cry from civil rights groups, ' which persuaded Congress - then debating extension of · the Voting Rights Act - to remove the strict in tent requirement. Congress complied by including in the law circumstantial measures of intent that some EX SUPER FIRM 510 COIL· 20'I'R, WARRANTY 'TWIN ~~. <~~~ $87 $87 ~~ (z~~ $107 KING ( REG._\ $1}7 EA. PC. EA. PC. 249.9~ A \ COMPLETE WATER· BED Ready To Steep --==~Reg. ~49.95 '129 H:n::~ COMPLETE POSTER WATERBED, Reg. 1499.9~ '249 ~ for a delay wa5 sched· cl)rlsidlerE!d by Supreme Court jus~ no decision was announced. 'Ucm:a .a.• Assembly is to meet ·Wednes changes, and House and Sen- elections probably will be re- hne~ · · of the change in the Voting attorneys for North Carolina Supreme Court may hear their rights experts don't think the DR~JOBNK. LINDSAY 398-0870 FREEDOM MALL '