Legal Research on Evidence

    .I

71|9

.. r.:i,r i I' 1.1.!, .lLrl,,

!1(;.iio1s of eqtttte. rr,Lr rr

LXOI i, -'i:. '., ,,'Ilrir. l

! rr:i:i. i-.--irti -\l:r. (il-1.
\\'irltr i .,rfn,..rs in('our-

ri l,ii I l.\ l,' ;; [rfor'r'erl-
i'r,tlrl,r'1,' t rriln.rss.-3ll

r :rrrl(,i,rrri([,.rrt cotrrl)ADY
rr rilr,ler t irr' itoulL'stead
I,ltir) t ilI 's int('{tiltr wts
)etent t() testifv as to
irl t,tr,.l lrr,:v lrt relir'\'od
.:,'i:rrr rtrirv testiil tlrlrt
,'r iris,!":r:h.-lj:i Alrr.
:lrullt t(l rr "call by the
stitr.- I.l.-, Al:r.:l(i{ (3{r
ttse. the tralls:r('ti(,rI or
:,,.1 t, it)r ilrr ,1,.' t,rrsr'rl

ll ll'. rllilr..:f. r,1 r flt,lr,l
i.t11tior.al.---.t-: .\ )rt. -lirr.
I'r.li ir's .is ,i, t,'rtl,.r,r',1.
,olishe:; the coniuon-larr
rrl,('t('ilt to tt'stitv in all
].-35 Ale. Tltl 4l Ala.
S: 66 Ah. 366: 57 Ala.
, 7 So. llIii ,. To render
':r'\i l:: Iirt r, -trlt. r,1,
'l:r. "r, :'. , . .rlr' r,f
,,i llr,' ..i1. or il,r' ,lr'
',rr :t!: :1,-t rl'r.rltr 11,t,

I I :-, '. ; l. To frII
llrilst l)r' 1,f st;tiL :r t,lir, r-
Iit ittg. tlre pr('slrnrlltiorr

-i:).,\ll. !i1.,; r-1 ,11,,,

f ilrtercst.-5t) AIa. 5!s
rl' Ala, 41t6 r2 So. 30rl) I

.\la. 6ti (10 $,r. iii<t;
Tltc right :iud privrlege
,i1r't)', tlr,' I,u)ir'.r' r,l t lrr'

-\ trr. lllt i : (ii -\ lrr. li\(i:
rl:.)i lr I rve.. stretrg'.iretring
. .. i ": ti.- -\.r,. .:i r.-,. t -

\Yjtl,,'s', s: (',,1r l,r 1r'trr 1. r,f \\'i,, ),!:,\' 'l-. ":i'\.

l,:: \l:i. :i i,- ,1., Sil. il1, Defeud:rnt sIo('l Iol {ielrt to dc eilerlt caulllt
tet,l1' t,, rir,:ir r':rrrl I,iri,,'r'. t:,-',,1 l, l\,.,,r' " 'rr il' .\'. lr'1. Nor'
that hc'cieposited certaitr raih'oad stol'k 1,,1,, :r1,1,1i,,i i, ,1,,],' -'ti .\lr.:l'lli.
Grarteo carrnot t€stify as to contents of Iost deed r'\,','r:','(l l,r' ,i,',',',1,'rrt.-'-llti
-\lI.,1,r.: lS So.6tr+). Party caDDot testify to tlre fact ar.rd recult of a for'-
mer s'ilt l,oirvrerr ]rirn:rrrl llrc rlt,r'r-,1|rr1..-'li(i -\l;r. lr!, lrti. Nor to tri1&saction
with a personal representative sirr(n rl|,'('irserl.-..11; ,\l: . ;\r). Statllt€ calulot be
evaded bt suing ad.ndnistrator individually.-{1 r\l:r. ;,rrr. Coutrty ofncer may
testif, to oincial transaction \\'itlr tlt'rr'rrst'tl trt':t'rirlr'r.-Sll -\ll. l'il{j (ll So,
i3:,.. "Bepresentativg or fiduciary relation." 1'lrt incornpef err..r does not
roti r.ri tlre ngtnt or clcrk; he mar lostil'.r'1'or his I,r'irreilel a;lr iltst a dece-
rl.nt.---.1 AIa.9l7 (3 So. lJSr): S7 -\1a.4(){l (r; S('. JS,: .; .\ll. i.lt,'i (0 So.70ll)l
Itli -\ir. li3 (9 So. 7;i6): ltl ,\l:r. .l 51, ('l tt So. I jri r. IDterested party cxnnot tes-
tify " l!)Sn('tir,ns uitir,l,r'rusr',1;igllit of:rri,,llr,'r l,r.r1\'.- \j -\lrl. illl rS S,;.
jri I : .i ,\l:r. ;li,l iri Srr. 7illl ,, The exclusiotr applies to parilrership and cor-
porate triusactiolls, \\'lrcr )r;l,l \itlr trirrll(r i,r rrllrr','r sitt, r' rlc, r'ililri.- r:; .\ln.
jr:,r , ; i . ii {l; ri ,\11. l{6 (.1 So. tili r: Si ^\l:r. il('i : (l Sr,. l1,ti ; S$ Ala. iii6
, ri S ,'.1 . lrit .\lrr. 3(ij i t) So. l7;,. llrrr not when htd $1th person still
[r'iit'. , .\ "i. ,-,i;r:. "unlcss cal]1d 1o testify thereto by the pr.rty to \shom
sll'). :r)lerest rs oppos;ed." lj .\l:r. l-,,: il .\i:r. i-li: .; .\llr. 7..,1 ((i S,'. ;,ril';
\. .\ i:,1 ; >,. j.it; r; l1|l _\lrr. l]l ,l{; S,. il,. Opposite pxrti' deired.--
\lt \l: -,r 'i S,,. .i-'i1 r. No persotr cart nlake himself cotr)petent l'\' tr:,r-1(.r-
rirrg L.. i!rt(rcsl.-lr14 Allr. jl:] ilti So.:lS). Burden of sholrillg incompetency
rests ou I,art.r' olrjcr,tir)g.-(;: :\la. ;1(i(i. Objoctiou Dot waived b1' merel.v
filirrg rro.s-itrterrogttories aftor ol'jccting to eoml)eterrtr of s;itnr.ss.--7{ Allr.
!l:j. Nor by or:rl cross-exanlinatiolr :rftr'r Irr('),(,r olr.ir,, li11n.-lr)i ..\la. fi:ti (li
s.,. -.' Whell \t;aiied. -ii .\l:r. tltl. Statilte l)eirlg for protectioll of estat€
01' Clf' ':reilt. :r lt,.'.,1\ l,rrl li,.. r.r,r ', ,: ,,1,.i,.,'1 l,rl ,\ i 1 l.i ,'l { I I Iit,1i.

;t:'l i l, \ri:.\ t(, (1irII , rr1\ 'l .i,, l,r L - i:,1,,:l:1', - \rr -\!lL ll.i.
Me:l:, . ::i, allacity goes to cleriiLility. lr,tl ,.,,,Iin r, , lri -\ " ,,lr) r l 1 sr,.
;- \; i- >,'. (:i Cotrrl,ctcil:y of chrldren , r' '',rr,l, I '.,..,1..-.-,i .\1 1.

It,: -r 1... .;-: il .\l:r. l'rl' \\ .\lrr. I l7 ; s(,. .i; : \\ -\lr. :'1 1; s,'. :lS :

l{i,-, -\.i,. cri (l? So, lSl): lril} -{l:r. (il (1{t Sr,. i:i{ri.
. i".\.-{l-}: l.;.\.5-lj: Iti:\. iltii: 17.\.5r1.

7722. 1-lo0s) (l7l);r) (:7(i(i) Competency of witness as &ffectd.
by coni'iction for crime. .\,, r,lr.it'r'1i.11 11111.1 lri' nll,rrv.tl 1o 1ltr.'

(.r,11i,,. ,.:rr.) ')f it \\'ilu(,s\ lrr'r'irtl.r, r,1' lri. r.otrvi,'1i,,tt l,,t' itl)\' ('t iln('.
r,\ ,.. i ' ;, 1.i ,11.i ,rt \lllrrt n:tl iIrt ol' 1rr't.irtIt' : 1,,;' i1' lr,, ll,. lrr,,,ll Iott-

'llt11;

,,. . :;, t',,, .,,,tirrg,.\,,.iriI(.!lo!- Iol ,i., rrilr l:,-.\1. ,l.l.;:i:.,,.:i1r,
lrl r . ' .:i ir i,l, ;lny,)i, s f,,n),'llli,rf itrr:r ,:;il. 11,; -\1. . lil:l ,;:i >.,. ;11,, ' l,:.-'

-\,: r -: lil-r -\1.. ;i. ( r,11..i1iir,rt |1 ,'r,rtrlr|,ir lr\r ,,1 :1:r1Il(,rJ- :, li,llr' :):r\' I,
.1,,'r'r. n-;19-g,r1irrg crc,lil,ilitl thouglr it (l(,{'s lr,,t,lisr1r:l)itr-. l.i7 -\l:r.:j; \11 S,,,

7;l '. strttlte , (,rit('ttrl)lllt('s \iolltir'tt ()l' :ii,tI I:r\ s. lrtrt liIt lrnu)icilllrl (r1'

rlinance: assault und batterl does not jrrr olve nrorai tuqritudc.-l6,1 Ala. l:ji
(i1 Srr. Tjl''. Cc,nstnring this section in ctrnntction r\-ith (400t-l', of the Cotle of
')tttr7. z s'itness nl:11' l,o askcrl if lre lras s,,rvtrl tr tt rrn in thr Innitentrar.r':
(:lir)g,. a- to kiI)(l of t,r-irlent,t, t'oquiriilg ;1 ,'r,r1r ir.1ir,r )telrl inrpr,rJ,t'r'.-1-9 -rl.r.
riS /{i So. ti68,. C'our-iction for illicit dislillin(,loos rrrrt,lisrrtirilifl' .tritlress.-
3r)i,\l:. irl6 (J,3 Str.471). llorlc 1o l)r(rvc r'('trvi,.tirrrr r,f litrrr,.{:t{ to lris rredi-
l,il,r..: '.iliee,l r,,I,)'r,J'rc,.r,r',1 firr' :u(,)l I)ulJ,,,{r.. lr'; r\lrt. :li' l,l ,q,,. tllir. -\
(.,tr\ i(''i .tI itI st;11r, t,t 1'r'rlcrttl coult l'irt rlistlli trg )ir1I,rt rl ,i.s I !,: i1l\'()lIt nl(,r:ll
tury,i'u,l:.-3t1$ -{111. l8(1 (S9 Se. titr;1.

-{n-.-n,1i.1 to lrcet (lr'r,isi()}ls in l-},r .{lrr, :0. :tn,'l l:1, .{la. E9.
,r''i:rr". Di:r,.s1, f,. I6l).,i l: -Fob.:;i. lqsii, p. l{ri.) A judgilent of coDviction
iq 11e.er.:iry'1,, t",r, 1111. .1.1:1'1,, ii i,\ jr:iir.jl: l,,,tjt Iirr,,,lr\' :- l,n i'::.,r,r,,lls lrirr)C.- -
)llr 1 lr'; ,:i; So. i:i _\n alpeal does not vacate ii1,lgtn, :t: ,,t rorrr.irttillr

t.ri. l.: .-,i -\1,. r:ll: .-i
. ,. :- r, : t' -\l r. ;ll. li:;
.. jrr;l Al<i ruey delly
r.iirirrsi iri:rr.-i'ti,\ilt.
s and ccrltroversles be-
:ilisb ilr,, tstete ol' tLt,
. ll;); ;lr -{l:r. :}il; 6i
a legatee or devisee is

.{ -\lrr. ;.1 ({ So. :l.i):
It" or trt , lrtitu in stril
;.i: sS -\lrr. 401 17 sr'.
.,1 A stlrety L,r,ri.l f,,r
r'q s1.,'. iii, I)r t I'r)rlll:lll('rr

--\ lrr. i i.l i ;l .\ltr. 1!l i

:t liirr{ i.,rtrli,stit c.-r?.1
Ileirs or devisees s-hcrr
--\l:r. i- i: iS .\lrt.. il7ti.

r::1 1 i,L ' -ilttt'. - r.ii .\l:r.
p2id b-1' hin. i 1 ,\ la.



s00

\\' ..,r.rr,.. . ....:. \ j.;': \\':r,) 1lai. 'l'estif).

llntil r('\'.rs(,(1.-lilS -\lrr. l,'] ,lli Srr..'li). Arsotr of ginhouse xirllin stittut.. -
1;id -\irr.5j (il-t S(,. ".i PrOper nlode and. practice in prolirrq ittcom1,..t,.lt,rv
un(ler stiltutr..-'li-i5 .\l:r. I t ,';l;l so. {:11\: 119 -{la. 6,11 (2{ So. {59). A ,,on,
li, ti,'n lx'a rourt rvhiih l.rr,l :ro .iuris(liriion does lrot di-rqualifl'.-1!9 Alt. 1a)d

( j1' So. 1126). Iiririt'u, e ( i (r,t)\'i, ti,rn S,r(,s to e rcriibilit'r'. ercept convi(,tiou for
1it.r.!urr-, tu,l sul.'orn:rIi,':r c f J,t.r;u:-r-.-llll lla. Slt (39 So. 61)g). Assault" atrd
carrying colcealed seapons ilrr rr()t inf:rtlious $ ithin stxtute.-139 Ala. Si (!$
So. (it')li). It is trror for the court to extt,ntl the scope or multiply thc objtct
or purllr'scr lor shich tIi,lent'e is introduced.-1ttS Ala. 55 (18 So. 343). I'rior
to stltute. & convictioD of pt't it lart t'nr-. or other infamous crimo, renderod
ritnoss incoBpetent to testify,-;l AIa. 17; 71 -\la. 275; ,-2 Ala. l{2. Did not
include conlieti,'n f(,r Ijurel]'3tatutorJ'offense.-i5 Ale.239; 72 -l,le. l+!; 73
.\1t..{7;}. Under tbis section. ('oDtictiolr for anv crirne, except 1lt'r.jurv or
sul,(,rnrrtiou t,i Ierjurl',:.s to credibiUty.-99 -\la. 196 (1:l So. liSl); ltlt) -\)r.
11) il t So. Sii : lttS -\l:r. :1 1i5 So. S-li\'. ConYiction proved b.r' tlrt, rcr'ortl or
Irlti,,'rl.\' r'or:ili,,',1 , ,,i ).- :1 .\ j;r. :li j 1,,'t .\lir. irl i1{ Srr. S78, : 10i '\1rt. 1r'

\l\ s,)..-J;'. Ofiense assurst city ordi]r&rrce. ur): s'ithiD.---il -\l:r.'.17i. Char-
scter r,vitness lor (icfr'uii.uit Drxy be ('ross-exr:nined:ls i() rrh,,1h,.r'lr, ir:,.
i,, rr: i , i ,lr l,:. lr,rtt r : - ],','r:-.,.1 ,i (e:: l:r -1,e,-r:i,,tl illir::srls lrIl'L'r,' lrelrr ''-
,.i :i.,. :1..,, I, ,, 1,, .: .. .i: :. ,.; \ 'r. i7 ll S0. r, ri,; i:l -\l;r. lli. .\
torrvirll('n l,,r :Lrrl i!]:...nlOtl. erinte ju,,. to , r,,,i-i,iiitr' , f' sitrt,'s.. llLilt' 1','r-
jur.r- or su[,orrIlrtiorr tlrt;',,t' I,,, i tr, ,,-'rj',rtcn(.\.' Itrj other crinl('s (':lll l,r ill
11uir.',1 Lrf.-'-11.1 -\l:1. 1* , -1,, So. 1,,;;.

l) -\. ii9; 11 A. l!r0; l:l ,\. j+ii; li -\. {{; 1{ A. !{; 15 A. 1!ll; l7 A. :iil).

7723. (1009) (1796) Witness may be exanined touching his con-
viction for crime.-.\ rvitrress nril.\' l)0 cxiuuil)('d Ioucltilrs his ctlttvit:-
tion f,,r'(.t'irll(),:rirtl his flr)s\\'crs urir\-hra eontratlictr'tl b1',,ther
r'r'i r l,'tl r't,.

,\ r',,rrr ir'ti 'ti itt .tr'.' r ir',1,,r:rl lr)lrit t()r ,li-:illirrq lirltlrrr rl,r, s ttol irti,,lll
trrrrrll lirrJrilri,r(, 

-'r)ri 
.\ r. .,t .l So. ,l 'i): i,.r' ji)l .1 la. t;\li: :ri; ^\lir. .;\j.

I .\. .l(r: ;i ,\. l1r!: - -\. :irl: 'l i -\. 1,ril; ll -\, 'lli; 13 ,\. 1l; li ,\. li;
l5 -.\..13:i; lJ.\..{lj7: 1ii -\. Ill; l7 A. lriS0, tj.'15.

A defendant or a rvitness urrrlt,r this statute may be ernmined orelly touclr-
ing his eontiction.-1;ll Ala. {8 (31 So. 572). See 129 Ala. 92 (29 So. 78:t);
121) .{.Ia. 106 (99 So. 0!6\; l3i! -\la. 'l{ (33 So. -131); 136 Ala. 52 (3-t So. 33);
l3{.\l:t. llr() (,i;' 51,. i.i ; llrr ,\la. l!l r.jiri So. 1r,,11)l; 1-{0 -.\lB. l(i3 r:ii S,r.:ii(i,:
I l.t .\i;,. li . {', S'r. l' .:

7724. ({()l() \ li:,.i n;tj l , , ;i1;l I ) ltl79) 'll;;) Interpreters.

-[rrterpletrt's 
nlil \. irt' .,t-,,r',, to interpret trul,r', ivltell nect'ssal']'.

and mtlst lte paitl 11.'.r-itililsirr; in the cAustl.

Neeessitl- of oath; exenriuttii,u ot' interpreter ns rvitness.-161 .\l:r. {(ll r'l9
So. {li{); :J Ale. ll5{; l3l -\ie. ;lliI i]i So. -liti).

(Aikin's Digest, p.9S3, ( 1{1: Clal''s Digest, p.311, $ 1.5ti; Feb. 13, 1i67.
p. a39.) Court mny emplo)' interpreter.-98 Ala. !3 (13 So. 319).

7726. (1011) Experts.-The opinions of experts on any question

of scienee, sliill, trade. or lilic questions. al'e alwa)'s adrnissible:
an(l rltch opillions llav I'e gir-t'tl on the facts as ploved lly other
\\'itnorscs.

Facts to authorize ,,ni,ri{rtis ir.r' et[,trt ar)(l Don e\[,ert 1\ itnessL's its t() ill'
.;11,ii1'.-1..1 -\lri. lSS i'l S,,. ii,: (TIr:s qpinion rt'r'ios'. tho erttlrc,ritit's). E\
1,,'r r ', , lirg l'rillrr rr . l: ,r l, , l.: :rs ', 1';rtj lilr' ,rf l',';-tilrs li('1,1 ('rl(rr. 1i'i
.\'r :.ill i,., 'liri

.-, \ il" ,

I
It

7726. . {i)1:J;
tr)t'n(,.\' slrlrlI l,,e

in tiris stiltr'. fo
Iitt,,u lt'rlqr ,,t' u'lr
,rl lris l'('lirlir)lls
l)1o.\'nlent ()[ him
lrr,llatile tri testil
tlrirrg lirrorvledgt
lnir rltIe r.

l7 -.1. il1:!04,
7727. +{-)13 )

\{ ,l) . il s ir I ir',1 s. lr
tttrrlr,r'>t:rrrrl tirr' r

772E. loll r

t.nt t't'orrt .itliocr'.

7729. {o l .-r )

. by represeutativt
()n As a tlcfense.
ton ([ilys' notice
s,r lo tlr,. is a eo

t'h:r1. lr,' belicves
I ltt l,:trrlt'r. ttnlc
tll,' 1r'rrllr r,f llrc i

\YIT

7730. ({0r6).
llL'sS'to Lr'protr'
insrrlting demean

7731. r+01?) (

examiDation thor

the rvitnesses ea

ease haYe distinc
Limit to cro!s-e:

and credibilitn eaur
({9 So. tugS). Crol
,'arblo to rlf ing. dccla

8 .\. ll9; 17'A.

7732. l01S'
ally all,,rr',',1 irr

r,1'111'f 1n11.,,5opr, j