Motion to Tax Costs

     [||208867d9-f397-463b-a15c-ac01b16575c2||] JAMES E. SWANN, et al., 

Petitioners, 

CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION, 

Vv. 

JAMES E. SWANN, et al., 

  

MOTION TO TAX COSTS 

Petitioners James E. Swann, et al. respectfully requests 

that the Court enter an order allowing petitioners their costs 

this Court in No. 281, including the cost of printing the 

appendix, for the reasons stated below. 

Statemen 
  

l. This case was decided April 20, 1971, with an opinion 

Chief Justice Burger for a unanimous Court. This Court's deci- 

sion of April 20, 1971, concluded by stating: 

ons herein set forth, the 

ourt of Appeals is aff 

in which it affirmed the 

  

T™ 
-— dA 

 



    

Judgment of the District Court. The order of 
the District Court dated August 7, 1970, is ” ~~ . EE la 
also arrTirmec., 

Pe, Tr. SR. 3 id VY 2S oy um a ~ = ~~ + 3 al TE fo ) AE ~~ y Mog BP Tn A = vm 
4 petition ror rehearing filed by the Charliotte-Mecklenburg Board 

une 8 requesting that they be allowed their costs in No. 281 

- re \ 
- pursuant to Rule 57(2). The Clerk responded July 7, 1971--having 

in the interim requested and received a response from opposing 

counsel--that no costs were allowed to petitioners and stating: 

The judgment of this Court, entered April 20, 
1971, by its term affirms the judgment of the 
United States Co.rt of Appeals for the Fourth 
Circuit. Under Rule 57(2), costs are allowed to 
the appellant when the judgment of the court 
below is reversed or vacated, which is not the 
case nere. It appears, therefore, that the judg- 
ment was entered in accordance with the rule. 

2. A brief resume of the somewhat unusual procedural history 

granted three separate petitions for certiorari in the case. See 

399 U.S5, 926; 400 U.S. 805: 400 U.S. 802. The first petition in 

No. 281 (previously No. 1713, Oct. Term, 1969) was filed June 18, 

1970, and granted June 29, 1970 (399 U.S. 926). The petition in 

No. 281 was filed by Swann, et al. seeking review of a decision 

| py the Fourth Circuit which, on the school board's appeal from a | 

district court desegregation order of Pebruary. 5, 1970, had 

iv 
"vacated" the district court judgment. The Fourth Circuit 

- that the elementary school plan unduly burdened the board. 

  

No
 

£ Board of Education, 431 F. 
. district court decision 

w.D. R.C., Feb. .5,:.1970). 

+1/ Swann v. Charlot 

138, 160 {4th Ci: 
  

C 

rol 
reported at 311 F, Su 

 



  

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ng acted on he request that the matter 

printed record (see note 2), it thereupon became! 

petitioners to prepare an appendix. he voluminous 

more than 1,300 pages (including more than 240 pa 

was printed at petitioners' expense and | 

The cost of printing 

(see Appendix A, infra). 

  

Because 

inting of 

the primary item of costs at issue in this case is the! 
the appendix, it is perhaps relevant to mention that | pr 

in the Motion to Advance petitioners asked that this Court "con- | 
2 ider the case on the 

alternatively, 

in the Court of Appeals by other 

at 

copies were 

original record without printing 
to permit reproduction of the appendix r 

than standard typograph 1c means." 

attached printers’ bill (Appendix A, infra) indicates 
petitioners printed 65 copies of the appendix. We submit 
in the circumstances of the case most, if not all, of the 

=] reasonably necessary. 

 



  

board filed a cross-petition for certiorari (No. 349, Oct. Term, 

1971) in which the board challenged the entire district court 

K plan. In July 1970 the district court conducted further hearings 

and entered orders on August 3 and August 7, 1970, which left in 

0}
 

th
 ffect the February 5, 1970, judgment. . The Fourth Circuit 

declined to issue a stay at the board's request, and the board's 

motion for a stay addressed to the Chief Justice and referred by 

ela fd £ A = UY ae LS, £ ~~ Dna I LR Es =I a MmoTioN LOY an anciliary writ of certiorari ercaining to tne - 

treating the motion as a petition for certiorari, granted it as 

well as the petition in No. 349, on October 6, 1970 (400 U.S. 80 

803, 805). In the meanwhile, the parties had been notified that 

  

(Continued) 

Horack and Waggoner representing the Board of Education, as well 
as upon the Solicitor General of the United States and the Attor 
ney General of North Carolina. We also served counsel for the 
National Education Association and the United Negro College Fund 

© had filed amicus briefs with leave of this Court 

Di 

et al. wh {300 1] 
U.S. 926). Subsequently, we served Mr. Blakeney, counsel for 

nts in a related case, No. 444, Moore v. Charlot Mecklen- 
  

te- 
ourg Board of Education, which Mr. Blakeney sought to have 
consolidated with No. 281. Furthermore, petitioners were twice 
requested by the Clerk's office to furnish additional copies of 

  

the petition for certiorari and the voluminous appendix containing 
the many opinions below, so that they thought it a reasonable pre-] 
caution to print a number of extra copies of the appendix. 

The board's counsel, by letter to the Clerk, has also argued | 
that if petitioners obtain costs they should be limited to 72.59 
per page, the price paid by the board in printing the appendix in 
No. 349. Petitioners in No. 281 printed the appendix by Stenaard 
typographic means at prevailing rates in New York without overtime, 
or rush charges notwithstanding the great bulk of the material and 
the short time involved. The ruling urged by the board would, if 
it were adopted by the Court as a precedent, haw the effect of pres 
venting 1 Tikimants from having their printing work done in union 
print sl I 

© be adopted, beyond the general notion that work shall 
2) a 

in advance by rule of Court and not applied after the fact as 
urged by the board. 

- 4. 

shops. If any limitation on the price per page for printing 
4 
- 

\'t the prevailing printing rates, it ought to be announced 

 



  

~STAl Srcumant Tv Fhe 2 © oh a 5 schedulad vA mE de Chiat OILdal argument in ail the cases was scheduled by order of the Chief 

Tita 3 rr += we \ Ns 1 7 mis TN wn -~ PN > 3 ~ . - —~ Justice ror Octooer 12, 1970. The board then prepared an appendix 

= NO 3 AQ AOTC ot Tm AF +ha J 4 c = t t edi vu C = ££ wal INO, or COIS AIS TLNOJg OL Cli dist ric COUY proc aings Ql Lgl Cai 

/ 
etal 

! 
~ant  ~AF ye rs 2 mn = + Q 1 grant of certiorari in No. 281. ~ 

I) mia v3 vide cu SY ry me svn} ry} Rl Re TS, ~. RR Ss This Court's decision completely affirmed the district 

bruary 5, 1970, desegregation order. Thus, the Court wo ¢ 

on] a cyt or oe in ST IE 3 FIVhR zs pees oni ls I AE ee Tt rn Sie WINO DAC Suppor Lea The orcer. ileére 1s no alspute over Clic 

the winning litigants; thls was 

. - acknowledged by counsel for the school board in his letter to the 

5/ 
971. Clerk of this Court of June 16, 

DT2ACANC TNT CRANTTNC TID MAMTA? 
RLAOUNS bB OR GRANT LING THR MOT ION 
  

  

  

Rule 57(2) of the Rules of the Supreme Court states that "In | 

cases of reversal or vacating of any judgment or decree by 

sought to have the Fourth Circuit judgment of May 26, 1970, 

reversed or vacated only in part, that is insofar as it vacated 

  

LX in No. 349, consisting of 510 pages, was much 

ri d in No. 281, since the earlier appendix 
cord before the Court of Appeals. 

5 Mr. Waggoner's letter to Mr. Seaver said "Referring to | 
Mr. Nabrit's letter of June 8, we acknowledge that in general, 

vailed in both appeals." 
fd 

 



  

proceedings, including the final decision, confirmed that result. 

+ Accordingly, although this Court's orders have not used the word 

i ARCA  PADIER Us ray IE a nO Sa Me Te a CNelr plaln ana olbvious l1ntended purpose 

Court 

(xy 3 re] yin y ze 7 SE % ) TI coe Tre Say 2A gg Th ET ESA i " (Willchn continued 1n elfrect the February 5th eleme tary school 

~ 1 3 1 - % om ~ 3 rm As -~ Ta = A - al a - ~ - ~~ "yn — order which the Court of ppeals Nad daAls approved) 8480 amounted vq 

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+ ba vw ~~ - - 4 we wh T y'4 Ll ~ f= SL 1tO the only exten Ltioners in No. 281 complained Or 1, 

bY - 1 ‘and, accordingly, under Rule 57 (2) costs should be allowed. 

Rule 57, which allows costs to a petitioner who succeeds in 

‘Rules of Court prefixed to 37 U.S. (12 Pet): Bradstreet v. Potter, 
  

41. U.8. {156 Pet.) 317; St, Louis § S.F. BR, Co. v. Spiller, 275 
  

U.S. 156, 159-160. Ordinarily costs are awarded to the 

-
 ing party" in accordance with “the long established practice and 

universally recognized rule of the common law." Mansfield C. & 
  

ow AR 

L.M.R. Co. v. Swan, 111 U.S. 379, 387. The practice of awarding 
  

federal. courts. St. Iouis & 8§.P, BR, CO. Vv, Sviller, supra: 
  

 



  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Paxte Peterson, 253 U.S. 300, 317: Newton v. Consolidated GC Co. 

265 U.S. 78; 6 Moore's Federal Practice P.- 1301, et seqg.; cf. 

spraque v. Ticonic National Bank, 307 U.S. 161. Nothing has 

transpired in this case to justify any deviation from the general 

rule of awarding costs to prevailing petitioners. 

It should be noted that this Court has long awarded costs to 

an appellant or petitioner under Rule 57 even where a judgment 

appealed from is reversed only in part. St. Louis & S.F. R. Co. 

v. Spiller, supra. Thus, where only part of a petitioner's argu- 

ments are vindicated on appeal, he is entitled to costs. It 

follows a fortiori that petitioners in this case are entitled to 

costs where they prevailed with respect to the only matters com 

lained about in the judgment below. 

This Court has applied the rule on costs in accordance with 

the purpose and spirit of the rule and has not woode nly applied 

it so as to award costs to parties who prevail in only a formal 

Or nominal sense. Mansfield ¢C. & L.M. R. Co. Vv. Swan, 111 U.S. 

79, 388-389; Rogers v, Durant, 106 U.S. 644. In Mansfield the 

Court, noting that the rule "leaves room for the exercise of dis- 

cretion," awarded costs against a nominally prevailing party: 

~ In the present case, the writ of error is not 

dismissed for want of jurisdiction in this court: 
on the contrary, the jurisdiction of the court 
is exercised in reversing the judgment for want 
Of jurisdiction in the Circuit Court; and although, 
in a formal and nominal sense, the plaintiffs in 
error prevail in obtaining a reversal of a judg- 
ment against them, the cause of that reversal is 
their own fault in invoking a jurisdiction to 
which they had no right to resort, and its effect 
is to defeat the entire proceeding which they 
originated and have prosecuted. In a true and 
Proper sense, the plaintiffs in error are the 
losing and not the prevailing party and, this 

upon their writ of 

in that determination 

court having jurisdiction, 

sO to determine, error, and 

 



    

ari Tr { 

- « 7] Sa. 3 -~ ¥ Sv ~ 3 ’ AL i d= — - d- 
isCGiction, ai80, in order =o give: errect OO: 1s 

- 7 YS py = x de 3 13 9 — ry — - 4 4-1 a fo ~~ juagment upon the wnoie case against nem, To do 

host yy ade TS oe he ye hs PR 1 ee whal Justice and rignt seem tO TedJulre, Dy award- 

+p LE TAO GEST ham F 1 bra Thai hao ing jJuqagnen galnst them for the costs na have ws HEE we 

Borer in thie Tye {111% a 388 .33G) accrued in this court. (lil U.S. at 388-389) 

ve ~ - WN — ym - - : 3 Mavis m= 1 A — P o> rv IN 4 ns TS gus — Tn py gos” png In the instant case, as in Mansrile.CG, COsis ought to be awarded 
  

Pa 1A - 4=va= 11 py : ~a 1A y \ - i" 3 | ar hp - ~ wm rty who actually prevailed 1n order "to do what justice an f ® 
t
g
 

4)
 

=~ ~ + ws ~~ a pe BE by A | Oo oy ~ CG right seem to require” (lll U.S. at 389). 

9; Tall rig me Lo NR Sm re ew SERIE EUR LR I ETE Le =~L 18 edgulitap.e LO award costs O petltloners oswann, 
  

  

The Court may exercise an equitable discretion to award 

~ + . . y + : $= - CIITA MA SS 17 J ; 4 - = 4 "= oY Se me ~ PNY COSTS. even 1.x. 1 fe assumed arguenao ial tne mater 1s not gov- 
  

  

  

all - "13% TT Ce i | O CS pc a omy - Mm « eo AT NF WR. - I am PE —_— owan, RE ie ihe 3 379; oprague Ve 141CON1IC Na 10n AL DSL, ouUpla,; 

Te Davd+ra DAs - NT Aav.7 += ~ 1 Jad ard C= - ~ LX 2arte reterson, supra; Newton v, Consolidated Gas Co., s ra. 
  

and expensive litigation to vindicate the constitutional rights ao 

of thousands of individual students attending the public schools 

of Charlotte-Mecklenburg. They maintained the litigation more as 

+ ANAT TS . No | ~ (cf. Newman v. Piggie Par 

  

tO 

  

390 U.S. 400, 402) to vindicate the public interest and that of 

countless other children in securing obedience to the Constitu- 

tion than as private litigants vindicating their individual 

interests. In the Newman case, supra, this Court construed the 

  

counsel fee provision of Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 196 

to grant counsel fees routinely to prevailing plaintiffs who sue 

 



  

, 

-— - vn -~ Tm ~ oe To [Rp - ~ asoning OI Le LOourt ln Newnan a ORL 1ieS Witn even grxe i 

= 31 - —~ nm fo ~ wn ~ - 1} vy wee fu de - -— ~~ LO The award Or conventional court costs in a school deseg- 

on case. It would be a positive discouragement of private 

tion to vinalcate the constitutional principles of Brown v. 

  

  

tional court costs to petitioners who succeed in such litigation) 

Thls 1s a case where the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of 

cation has vigorously resisted every step of the litigation 

igned to eliminate the unconstitutional dual system of segre- 

J y i I + 4 1 FRA Try wed | TRA a WIR, wo " i €d Schools malntalned by the board. Chief Justice Burger's 

2 am &~ . ~ a. = TL ~ 73 = Tn , LL J SQ Ta | of et te " NEY og A TN Lnion, for the Court, referred to @ "total failure" of the 

~~ be | 1 - ym wp "mae + oe ta g 2 EP Sa. a ~ + 5 mr "Hd I~ ~~ 1 OO0JL Doardad To meet 1ts obligations nNotil 1g THe sSCNo0l1l Dard nad 

vst = TA wn] = ~ - dm ony ~ - ~ FE PRE - [f= ny gn of eptadble plan of its own, notwit hstanding the pacient erliorts 

3 « a a | + ~~ 1 — 3 ny de bh - nT INYO ~ ~ aistrict judge who, on at least three occasions, urged 

  

EN 
lag Newman the Court said (390 U.S. 400, 401-402): 

When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, it 
was evident that enforcement would prove difficult and E f 
that the Nation would have to rely in part u 
litigation as a means of securing broad compl 

the law. A Title II suit is thus private in form only, 
When a plaintiff brings an action under that Title, he 
cannot recover damages. f he obtains an injunction, 

he does so not for himself alone but also as a 

vate attorney general," vindicating a policy that 

Congress considered of the highest priority. If suc- 

cessful plaintiffs were routinely forced to bear their 
own attorneys' fees, few aggrieved parties would be in 
a position to advance the public interest by invoking 

Rjunchive powers of the federal courts Congress 

ore enacted the provision for counse ol fees--not 

nalize litigants who deliberately advance 

Y know to be untenable but, more broadly 
to encourage individuals injured by racial discrimina- 
tion to seek judicial relief under Title II. (Foot 
omitted.) 

9 

 



  

 
 
 
 

  

 
 

  
  

 
 

    

    
  

  

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