Order for Canton School District to Modify Findings of Fact and Recommendations
Public Court Documents
August 24, 1971
16 pages
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Case Files, Alexander v. Holmes Hardbacks. Order for Canton School District to Modify Findings of Fact and Recommendations, 1971. fb9836d2-cf67-f011-bec2-7c1e52467ee8. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/55079385-547a-4343-b519-4c3cfa70ab5b/order-for-canton-school-district-to-modify-findings-of-fact-and-recommendations. Accessed November 19, 2025.
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United States Court of Appeals
FIFTH CIRCUIT
EDWARD W. WADSWORTH OFFICE OF THE CLERK ROOM 408-400 ROYAL ST.
CLERK NEW ORLEANS, LA. 70130
August 24, 1971
Mr. Robert C. Thomas, Clerk
U. S. District Court
P. 0, Box 769
Jackson, Mississippi 39205
Nos. 28030 & 28042 -~ U.S.A. vs. Hinds County,
Dear Mr. Thomas:
Enclosed is a certified copy of an order entered by the
court in the Canton Municipal Separate School District
case. :
Very truly yours,
EDWARD W, WADSWORTH, Clerk
Deputy Clerk
/fcw
Enc.
cc and enc. to:
Hon. Dan M. Russell,
Mr. Jack Greenberg
Mr. David L. Norman
Mr. Melvyn Leventhal
Mr. Joe R. Fancher
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
U. S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT :
FILED
NOS. 28030 & 28042 AUG 24 1971
EDWARD W. WADSWORTH
CLERK
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellant
V.
HINDS COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, ET AL.,
Defendants-~Appellees
JOAN ANDERSON, ET AL, PLAINTIFFS
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-INTERVENOR
Vi.
CANTON MUNICIPAL SEPARATE
SCHOOL DISTRICT, ET AL.,
DEFENDANTS
Appeal from the United States District Court
Southern District of Mississippi
(August 24, 1971)
Before BELL, THORNBERRY, and MORGAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
The findings of fact and recommendations dated August
16, 1971 of Honorable Dan M. Russell, Jr., United States Dis=-
trict Judge, relative to student assignment in the Canton Muni-
cipal School District having been considered, and the objections
of plaintiffs having also been considered;
IT IS ORDERED as follows:
(1) The findings of fact and recommendations are
modified to leave the grade structure in grades 1-3 as they
presently are in the McNeal and Canton Elementary schools; and
(2) The equipment and materials in the present Canton
Junior High school which is to be closed shall not be sold or
otherwise disposed of without court approval.
As modified, the findings of fact and recommendations
(appended hereto), are made the order of this court.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR TIE FIFTH CIncUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF
VERSUS NOS. 28030 and 28042
HINDS COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, ET AL, DEFENDANTS
JOAN ANDERSON, ET AL, PLAINTIFFS
UNITED STATES "OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-INTERVENOR
VERSUS DISTRICT # 3700(J)
CANTON MUNICIPAL SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT,
ET AL, DEFENDANT
FINDINGS OF FACT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
By order dated November 7, 1969, the Fifth Circuit
Court of Appeals in the above docketed cases, Nos. 28030 and
28042, directed the Canton Municip&l Separate School District,
among other school districts, to adopt the school integration
' plan offered by the Office of Education of the Department of
Health, Education and Welfare. The said order also set forth ’
procedures by which the HEW plan could be modified, Prior to
the implementation of the HEW plan at the beginning of the
second semester of the 1969-70 school year, the Canton school
had a total enrollment of 4998 students, 3672 black and 1326
white, After the implementation, total attendance dropped to
3697, of which 3661 students were black and only 36 were white.
On August 18, 1970, the school board filed its motion for
modification with this Court, alleging that, as the HEW plan had
resulted in a more than 99% black attendance with a loss of 1290
white students, the plan was not working nor was it administrative-
ly or economically feasible, After unsuccessful conferences by
this Court with all-'parties secking a mutually acceptable plan,
and, after a full hearing on all issues, this Court, on October
6, 1970, issued its Findings of Fact and Recommendations. On
October 14, 1970, the appropriate panel of the Appellate Court
issued its order approving the student assignment plan recommend-
ed by this Court and adopted this Court's findings of fact and
recommendations. On October 16, 1970, the same panel stayed its
order pending receipt of the record and until further order of
the Court, assigning no reasons therefor. On November 13, 1970,
this Court received a copy of a letter addressed to counsel of
record and signed by the Clerk of the Fifth Circuit Court of
Appeals stating:
"The court has reached the tentative conclusion that the
district court erred in approving a plan based on the present:
composition of the student body from a racial standpoint rather
than on the composition at the time the dual system was dis-
established. Having reached this determination, it follows that
the plan approved by the district court must be considered in
r . ‘ :
light of student residences regardless of their attendance in
public schools.
The court is inclined to approve a combination of the HEW
plan and school board plan as follows:
Canton High (formerly Rogers) Grades 10-12
system wide
Canton Junior High (formerly Grades 8-9
Canton High) (all students
residing East of U, S. Highway
51 to attend this school)
crs Junior High Grades 8-9
1 students residing West
U. 8S. Highway 51 to
Ro¢s
ED
al (:
of
a ttend this school)
Nichols Elementary Grades 5-7
(system wide)
Canton Elementary | Grades 1-4
(all students residing South
of U. S. Highway 22-16 to at-
tend this school)
McNeal Elementary Grades 1-4
(all students residing North
of U. S. Highway 22-16 to at-
tend this school)
In this connection the school board is directed to
supply the following data by December 1, 1970:
(1) The student population, by race, assum-
ing all children resident in the stated zones
attended the named schools and the capacity
of each school:
(a) Canton Junior High
(b) Rogers Junior High
(c) Nichols Elementary (capacity only)
(d) Canton Elementary
(e) McNeal Elementary ‘
The court will appreciate suggestions and objections
as to the feasibility of this plan."
This Court was advised of no further action in this
r -
cause until July 14, 1971, on which date the defendant school
board filed a motion to modify the original HEW student assign-
ment plan approved by the Appellate Court on November 7, 1969.
Prior to a hearing and upon questioning by the Court, all parties
stated that they have been unable to agree on the suggestions
appearing in the Clerk's letter of November 13, 1970; that the
Appellate Court. has taken no further action beyond its order of
October 16, 1970, staying the implementation of the plan
recommended by this Court; and that the school district has
continucd to operate under the original HEW plan. Upon this
state of the matter the Court agreed to hear the defendants!
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motion to modify. Attorneys for all parties were present and
participated.
In its motion the defendant reported student attendance
at the end of the 1970-71 school year, its latest figures, as
Y bJ & y
follows .
| STUDENTS NO. OF
SCHOOL GRADES CAPACITY WHITE N SCRO TOTAL LASSROOM OMS
McNeal ; 1-3 588 14 536 550 21
Canton Elementary 1-3 840 20 483 503 30
Nichols L-6 1344 30 1131 1161 48
Canton Jr. Hi 7 750 9 257 266 25
'
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Canton Public Hi 8-12 1680 15. 1208 1276 56 plus.
gym & library
5202 «91 3615 3706 180
* The number of white students rose from 36 in the second!
semester of 1969-70 to 76 in the first semester of 1970-71, and
to 91 in the second semester of 1970-71, the latest enrollment
reported. ! .
The board proposes to modify this plan based on a
projected enrollment for 1971-72 as follows:
STUDENTS NO. OF |
| SCHOOL ‘GRADES CAPACITY WHITE NEGRO TOTAL CLASSROOMS!
: |
i McNeal 3 gs | 588 22 366 388 21
Canton Elementary 2-3 840 30 693 723 + :30 i
| Nichols 4-6 1344 32 1097 up 48
Canton Public Hi 7-12 1680 28 1662 1690 50 plus
: wR gym & library
4457 32 3818 3930 155 |
The modifications would assign all first grade students
to McNeal, all second and third grade students to Canton Elementary:
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t add the seventh grade to Canton Public High, and involve no changes!
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| . . : i” Wy a We Pil B gl po ~ > A Yn a on " = }
! in the assignment of the fourth, fifth and sixth grades to Nichols.|
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(20 a - = ’ ~r a ! —- - 1- PTT S.C . rn ow tv > i a sa a { | The plan would provide for the partial closing of Canton Junior
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High School, leaving open a band hall to be used for a materials
center and adrinistdacive offices. The board contends that the
proposals are sound ‘educationally, and administratively, are
economically justified, and are not racially motivated. The board
showed through its witnesses that, as a result of the drop in
enrollment over a period of three semesters and a concomitant
reduction in operating revenues from state funds based on average
daily attendance, it requested HEW's assistance in studying the
feasibility of reassigning students in a manner which would bring
about maximum economic use of present building facilities without
changing the desegregation status. This request was forwarded by
the Atlanta HEW office to the Mississippi Educational Service
Center, Mississippi State University, which sent a two-man team
to Canton for an on-site survey. As a result of their cilrey
and analysis, this team submitted a written report, approved by
HEW .and made a part of the record herein, in which two proposals
were made, Alternate I, being the proposal adopted by the board
and adva mced here, and Alternate II consisting of the present
student assignments except for assigning the seventh grade to
Canton Public High school. Both plans are analyzed as to their
advantages and disadvantages; however both recommend the closing
£ of Canton Junior High school with specific justifications therefor
Counsel for the United States of America, plaintiff-
b J
intervenor, announced that the Government has no objection to
the board's proposal. Plaintiffs objected to any plan eliminating
wire No 7s Sn. ren Tg. SEER ME ete TRE, 2. mis eT
an existing school on the grounds that such would close the doors Cr
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to the possibility of returning whites.
Thad E. Easterwood, holding batchelor's and master's .
dgrees and with 20 years experience in the field of education as
PRR TO, Sl rir rd ” MAPUE ETL TN PE. Or - “yi EY . rn ee » oN ~ ~
4 Leach COACH assistant principal and SUpCI mienaent, was one
of the team members from the Mississippi Educational Service |
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| Center. He and the other member, Boren W. McNeill also with a
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’ - 1 duis? . wiih. . | batchelor's and master's degree in the field of education and five
years experience as a teacher, supervisor and principal, both |
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} testified as to thelr survey. Both went to Canton on June 10,
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1971, met with the superintendent and various other members of the
hool staff and board and both visited and inspected” each school
in the system. As stated in their report the purpose of the
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| survey was ''to study the feasibility of reassigning students in |
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a manner which would bring about maximum economic use of present
building facilities without establi (0p
) hing racially identifiable
schools as a result of student assignment."
As a result of thelr survey, their report, as stated
above, recommends the closing of Canton Junior High school with
alternate student assignments for which neither Easterwood nor
McNeil expressed a preference. They listed the advantages of By (D
Alternate 1 as Follows:
"a. All children within a grade would attend the
the same attendance center school, Sheehy
eliminating present dilemma in the first |
three grades of having some children who
live near an appropriate school attend a
school across town. ; |
b. Certain operational and maintenance costs
could be reduced by closing Canton Junior
. and these funds could be more
| effectively spent for other educationa
| purposes.
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~~ m ~FF3 1a T1917 AY ~1 or) nh ¢. A much more efficient junior high school
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: Fy nir a Sey TRI Bt SE el = ee EER NE WS IT | program could be developed through better
Ii i RY of "es Sx fr 3 vy ins rm -~] yr ~~ oy ~~ il utilization of educational materials and |
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- TTY TTY TS A) r a rE ne CT ~1 ayy vy € ~
J caquipnment y 2G by Coop arlive planning on
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| mE ral LE a ee LR UR TE ae MERE WRT “wl | the part of all junior high teachers and
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I - " - ~ ~ ~ i } ou NS MYT ONY 4-1 Ao “~N 1 3 | | pupils, since the seventh grade would no |
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ll longer be isolated.
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i mo " " Facil) iY 1 ve
l a. [he vy}. WOU i Ca TE eR L BE WEL ransnoy { 1.0
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| Ti nh ene ; VERE, Si ' : " re. J ee ! of junior high students since one unloading i
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| poOLNt 1.11 Chi 8 LLY WO: (} DEC cl 1.101 1iated there - |
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by cutting travel time for cach bus by a
| miEryimmuan Ol baton minutes.
RY
The plan would reduce the number
to be supervised by central ities per
thereby enhancing administrative if ficiency.
The present assignment ratio is not
The plan makes use of pairing
split grades.
Except for (a) and (g), the advantages
L are listed
to both plans
involves the neighborhood concept;
Advantages designated (a) and (g
as disadvantages to Alternative II.
are identical in these respects:
rity. a maximum number of students will be assigned
Ce . - . sir} M
Public high school; and (3) plaintiffs’ feeling
nton Junior High will serve as a deterrent to
he public schools.
for both proposal:
neither plan
(2) by closing Canton Junior
to Canton
the closing
specific justifications For closing
'¢ listed in the report as follows:
The original facility was built in
the structure is in need of extensiv
Areas that need i t
heating system, (which will have
ed with a new unit), plast
doors, windows, and the general in
band hall was added in 1958 which
heating system and is in good condi
Athletic facilities are located on the site
including a football field and gymme
EP a. [= TANI SR. Re Nr HLL cg fg - ] gel : 8 parti: duplication of facilities
PE a ~ + 4-1 5 or ~ ~~ es om exists at the high school site.
i | OL ne Canton Junior Hi
NY YC rN + nr yy Sey 3 Ey ve v2 73 7 ao
houses only Le Seven erace 1s
- pm ~y #3 3 am Pe ey] a ~ - At ANI OM ey vy 4 Ac
TO Maintain as an dL EenOIancCe cencer
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pa ly if it is possible
at Canton High School.
. hy Cr ae ity, oh Ly
nate ial 5 C £11. C1 3 OL Ol N< i «tUiNing
Py 1. TEE Td Al Ty nes frase § This building which was construct
Q C yy i 7 Yl 11) "3 > Y*( y 1h > Y
he ho dell afl i 1d La EA L A. LL Vals L il i
high S ¥ 11( 1 via 0. It ha 7 LIS OWil [1
E. All athletic field equipment which is
removable could be relocated from the
Canton Junior High School to the Canton
Public High School field. This would
help provide convenient and adequate
facilities for the high school.
Although Easterwood acknowledged that neither he nor
McNeill is 2n architect or en r, nonetheless their visual
inspection of the Canton Junior High school revealed that the
building 1s in need of extensive repairs, particularly to the
roof, and needs a new heating system. He denied on cross-
examination that the survey was in any manner influenced by the
school board, nor did he and McNeill confer with any member of
the HEW team who formulated the present school plan. To the
5 contrary he stated that he and McNeill based their report on
standards generally agreed to by educators. McNeill concurred in
0 I
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RRL EE be PVE Tr rr TAN Co ey ~’] irs 35 2 CE lle Easterwood’'s testimony bul espe 111ly emphasized the educational %) i
bencfits in not isolating the seventh grade.
Lamar Fortenberry, superintendent of the Canton schools
ies of the Canton
schools made in and prior to 1967 for-the Southern Association
of Secondary Schools, rec ommendations were made that the Canton
High school, the present Canton Junior High, be abandoned and a
new high school be built in the south portion of the district.
The board determined in 1969 to build a new school, and hac
y Far ac T TH mn architect and ~rance for financine wher SO 1a 88 IO employ an architect and ar 18€ IOX rinanCing wien
all new construction was abated by orders of the Fifth Circuit
Court of Appeals. The need fox the building has evaporated with
the large loss of cnrollment; however, Fortemberry stated that if
white students should return to the system, the board's plans for
3 NCW Ii Zh school can readd Ly DOC CVIVEeQd., Meanwhile thi praesent
n
a H-
building has further deteriorated. He described the buildi ing as
a fire hazard, being a two story frame construction with a veneer
I of brick. The floors are of wood
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in 1924 and last renovated in 1937, excej
St THLE TRON er TL TE SE SY. Bn ie TAY INV AL er an yn Re oh band or music hall which is in good condition and usable
mills.
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| - - ry Ph oa HW fi mary oy 7 PN of uo: ery « 4 ry 4 Onn. fa 1 ~ en ~ fe er | ted that revenues from state funds, based on students’ daily i
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a a iar po : 3 : + | attendance, would be less this year, and that for the same reason |
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| the tax levy for operational funds had been reduced by three
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Of the alternate plans, Fortenberry stated that Alter-
nate 1 1s far superior to the plan now in effect in that it
would close an unfit building and result in a savines of o
- rf 3 ing of this building, the seventh Lo
Lional costs. With the clos
om 3 grade would no longer be isolated but would become a part of the
i ae re lie 2, = irs ely relic a oie EEE ee A ar children in the same grade would be at the same school.
ET ey SA a es aT NI ART rrr YA na i ¥ + HH 3 EERE oa Th | customary junior high school grades as it should be. There would
|
~~ i ~ ~ Es | ~ A= - I~ + 1A - Pn AT EE 2: 3 in ~~ : | be less transportation than that presently required; and the
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| sv aa Snmiss 3 TL TY EE Pa Sd NERS, CINE v7 ar] VANE 70 Bove les h seventh erade. lunch program would be greatly 1mproved by 1e1ning
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tt ry Yd +4 1 “1h chin V1 pram In olde d thor ' this grade in with the high school lunch program. He added that,
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i . 3 prs = wv} y < ~ yy ~~ AT YT aN Or «= l n the absence of neighborhood schools, the complete pairing of
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f : . | - ~ ry Al ~ - + ~~ ~1 7 ~~ ~ N Y 3% 99 3 4 ~ my. oy —-~ i all grades is more acceptable to the community than the present
i A = abi ciel tr SR SAE , IR ig vrei tb Ade I plan of a combination of pairing and zoning, and that all f
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i SY Ty Cr Pa NE i ga REE A Nara Sa NAABARA that wi +1 i On CYXoss—-examination 3 I or enoerT VY conc cded that at the
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fi rr EA = wiry a] i Te Se Now LET Ta van i 4 +Y / 30) ann YY vp age ae li expl ained, this was at a time when, with the 1969 enrollment in
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) J I nv PEE + oI Tinie) 0 Bana, 10 aac hope d to have two high schools in ie svystom, QC
CW. and that 38 the cvent the CRroLinmoent returned to Ro. 1C 1
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