Excerpts from the Senate Report (Episodic Barriers)

    ?f 
.to-tt t n.r.4p. tfi-fl

f. l'{ [p. ti tl

z? ( p.zob)

gErrait A";"n
re*rr-qr*U^W"W Rqe

Soth th. Bourc rnd 8.natc bclrlnl rcco?di eootrlnaltfftl6
lol dtnkr .ltuttt,.fo Efiltbortir DrrtlclDrtton. lneludldnt pbyrl(tl vl6l.hl. ,nd lpflmldi.
1i|;; o(ioia; anA-ernOtOrtcr. dtrcilEln.iort mrnlOuhtlotr oFwtiFrr. Rr.drttrtlo!-FE'UIIF
Iiatien,i iuilnioiiotrn- cbansint th. locrtlon of pollllna Dlieer lnd lotlrteneG on r*
'iiiiGi'ii-ijnidiiilnirouii ini miirtiitton hotrrr. Eoua. R.m?t No. n?-22?._nD.. I!-4. rnd
i;e;H;-;;i;;-iiii sinia-fuliaiii Sutconmttt* oa th. eoritltntlon br Rtrth J. Eln.?-
iiii.-priitaini.-L-ail {t( Women vdten. J.nurr t, ,lge2 rt lt lnd Lrtt6 co'hmlttts

H*l*i{r*iii$qi.'*111"'i'IlTlt:t'.:;lffii1x['i1'rl'fi1':ff'8ffi df$l!i':,1i"ifi[:
iiio -ntroi-.-Ltniifr 2, tet2 at 2-? vllmr u.rtlo.r' b"to?. ttc Eoula Judlclrt, Subg
Elttc. on Clrll rDd CoBrtltutlonrl nl8bt!, JuD. 18. 1981, tt l8?8, ft0t ("Eoort bErlDn")
(Dolltna phe6,: Iloup Hc.?lDt!. tdtlEony o, RolaEdo Rlo!. Mrt 6, lgEl rt {2 (ItrtlEl:
dittoni:-tbc Scaatr. h?irlDar-tatlEoDy ol VllEr llrrtlo€z. JtDui?y 27, let2. at 5-6
(D{rslnr). Clrll Rtibtr CoEElulon Beport. Thc CoEElralon !ct! out nuEriou! atrEpld
dl ru-ehlbpcolmcnti to Dlaorlty cudldit.! rDd tb"tr rupnortcrr (Dp. 50-Cl): harltaE.Et
rod htlmldrtloo Io r.llrtrrtloD (o"- 22-211: purtlog rDd mr.Blstrrtloa (27-2,,l; DolllDa
Dhccr (20-31 ; rnd brr.um.ut and lntlEldatloa lD votlDr (3135).

the tio of ihe iLne Erp or cne
broadly from i

-*.*str;atr'wcrsrEE-iifr nft 'flnrrroff yorets_-r.,oeneeE6EG-','ili 
,::H:?Xffi:

ffi ploin-tTfrts could.show n varietv of fuctot's' oe-

E"[ff;T;;';[f"6{i ";;''i'r"' i'*l'ii'"' "' p"o""dure colled into

I quesfrorL

?'

77b 
(W zo*e]

MVWZbnmzr, ond their Proggny dealt rith elfurcl
svstem feetuies such as at-lorge elections, mejority vote requirements
ahd districtins Dlans. Howevei, Section 2 rcmains the meior strtutory

"-tiUiiio" 
ofail vr*in*+ichts discriminotion. It also prohibits prrc'

fil;-;fi ;ii. 
-*[ii6pi#aiDnd not involvin g permanenc str-uclural

barriers. rcsult in |hedciriffof equrl scces to any phasc of the elector-
/-t --- - . l- t---:,-^-:.-- 

-..^ 
-^-L^-'ol process for minority nroup members.- fi til.t 4!"Eg"q {rEctici, t 1.".*: to s.ugh. a series,of ev^ents glgt:

sodes, thtffi-E5uffidient to establish a violati.on



Egidic&.rr-r'e*s 3-

?.63 Lyv zzl -,

(pzzD

--Thobailoutprorisionarsi--requirestlruar jrisuicd6i-undertake
posrtyogteps:

, I P eliminate intimidation lnd harassment of minoritv votens-,, I :: :IL1ll^gppoguniries f_or minority pa"ti.ipil-ion;.'"nI*'-', ro eriminate voting procedurcs ana rireiroas i[i.tr'inlii'it 
",I dilute equal cccess 6'rh;;";;;i;r;;*.

Beyond the outricht elimination of discriminatorv bariers. the ao-
t..r lnaf,e ure
eontinued efiects of mony yeors of discrimination in order to be
reliev-ed of special obligrriiohs under the Act. the Supreme Court
found it appropriate fgr' Co-rlgryss "to,counte#,he ieroeiuatio!=olg6

p.5..l

f-_'..Befoqg a ffin r coverags. it should eliminotsdrerrmudory.vot$s nro-cedures on4 methods-of election which deny
€qu8l pccess to tJ'e electoral proces* Thb does not mesn thet, minoritiesnrustlrave been elected in plroportion to cheir nu.u"".. LuC6"i, ilit
*f"$;""ruff*unity io pericipate on * A;Jili"*;ilf, ;;-

rn. determining whether proeedurce or methods qnhibit or dilute
equar. rccet8 

-to_ths electoral proeesg" thc strnderd to bc used is the
trsults test of w llitc. rn other words, che tpst would be the same as thatfor a chcllenge brought under Seciib" z Li ttre votinc Rishd AJ:-;.
3mencl91l by. thc committee bill, except that the burden"of Sroor -oiiaDo on. the lunsdtction eeking to boil out. As discussed under the
amondment to section 2 of the Act, the whitc stendsrd is one with
f.! _:\ tl".,yy*t l1e fg gdlb&snt i"triA nas ueei- .t. "ni.a{i;*toeqgrderable [trgation.r

yeErs_of pervrsile loting discriminotionJ City ol Rame v.

Eliminate and lfa

iolenee prone

'igilante or para-miritary'-organizations. hate groups and other meanso.f phvsieal intimidationl,* It is ;;;"i"r;l"r rcha.+ ^r --_. :.-_:_r:-;lJl';'H'"i*xl*:::"1:'^l:.':il6ii.di"fi::;l?H!Tl*?*:
l';Li'H}""""1PllT"*,,?iTi:^t:'Itri*fr fi;#;;;'*Hl,"iil;paftieipetion in the p.trtr9glfEg._ss,

p.s't (pp z3z - il

ffffiment thet rhe politiool-and 
election be "equally open to par

ses leading to nomination
ion by the goup in ques-
to Ecis@rins and votinc.tion" extends beyond fdrmilorolfici

The rcrson for the rei{ili.tm-"n-of constEi"e 
"tevident. particularlv at i time of ,.n"*.d e;;;;"" ,



Q-'sa&'
Eo-;o.:. 3

P'{f Lrtl Other Constnrctivu Efiorts

tunitv for minoritv oarticioaiion
fnir statnte listi i,wo of'the most likelv channels for such efiorts:

(l) enhanced ooportunitv for rcqisrrrtioi: and (2) the appointrnent
of mrnonw er&cron ofrcrars tnirrranorrr- r.np rrrrrqrffiiititGrti?

tive rssistrotion practiceiand procedures, such as restriatod hours ud
locatio"ns for recistrstion. duof rpcigtrati6n practices, and discrimine'
tory rcregistration rcquifuments,-which contqlg to €rigc tlmughout

through tu" tppoiif,'
ment-of deputy rcgistrars who ore prcscnt at locations accesibte rc |

, minoritv ciiizeirs. o-fferins evenins arid wekend recistmrion hourq or I
providiiq patcard rcci;Etion.bth"r eramplesif curdrnctive ef' lf
iorts incfude eppointming of minority citi4ns as deputy registrpra or I
pollworkers, oi -othcr oftcials, thcrcliy iadicrting to .mlngrlty g1guq I
mcmbers that they ero eucourrged to ptrttcipste rn the Pouucd 

I
PTOeSE