State Defendants' Replies and Objections to Plaintiff-Intervenor's First Request for Admissions; State Defendants' Answers to Plaintiff-Intervenors' First Set of Expert Witness Interrogatories

    Tir ATTORNEY 4ERNERAIL 

OF TEXAS 

JIM FIATTOX 

ATTORNEY GENERAL June 21 1989 

Sherrilyn A. Ifill 

NAACP Legal Defense 

and Educational Fund, Inc. 

99 Hudson Street, 16th Floor 

New York, New York 10013 

Re: LULAC Council #4434, et al. v. Mattox, et al., 

No. MO-88-CA-154 

Dear Ms. Ifill: 

Enclosed are the State Defendants’ Answers and Objections to 

Plaintiff-Intervenor Houston Lawyers’ Association's First Request for 
Admissions, and First Set of Expert Witness Interrogatories to Defendants 

Mattox, Rains, and Members of the Judicial Districts Board. 

  

  

Renea Hicks 

Special Assistant Attorney General 

P.O. Box 12548, Capitol Station 
Austin, Texas 78711-2548 

(512) 463-2085 

Encl. 

 



  

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS 
MIDLAND-ODESSA DIVISION 

LULAC COUNCIL #4434, et al., 

Plaintiffs, 

Civil Action No. 

MO-88-CA -154 

VS. 

WILLIAM CLEMENTS, et al., 

Defendants. LO
R 

LO
R 

LO
» 

OP
 

LO
N 

LO
R 

O
P
 

STATE DEFENDANTS' REPLIES AND OBJECTIONS TO PLAINTIFF- 
INTERVENOR HOUSTON LAWYERS' ASSOCIATION'S FIRST 

REQUEST FOR ADMISSIONS 

The State Defendants reply and object as follows to Plaintiff- 

Intervenor Houston Lawyers’ Association's First Request for Admissions: 

Request No. 1: Historically, Texas maintained an official policy of 

racial discrimination touching on right of Blacks to participate in the 

electoral process. Graves v. Barnes, 343 F.Supp. 704, 725 (W.D. Tex. 

1972) (three-judge) aff'd in relevant part sub nom. White v. Regester, 

412 U.S. 755 (1973). 

Reply to Request No. 1: 

It is ambiguous whether the request is to admit or deny that the 

cited case stands for the stated proposition or whether the proposition 

is intended to be independent of the cited case. The State Defendants 

admit that the request reflects statements and/or conclusions expressed 

in the case cited as the source for the request. However, due to the 

inadequate time available to do a thorough job of historical, legal, and 

factual research on the topic into which inquiry is made, the State 

Defendants deny the request. 

Request No. 2: Primary elections were officially restricted to whites 

only in Texas, until the Supreme Court outlawed the practice in 1944. 

Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944). 

 



  

Repl 2: 

Deny. 

Request No. 3: The State of Texas prohibited Blacks from participating 

in the Democratic party primary election, until this practice was held 

unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Nixon v. Herndon, 273 U.S. 536 

(1926). 

Repl R : 

(Same as Reply to Request No. 1). 

Request No. 4: The State of Texas required the payment of a poll tax 

in order to vote until 1968. This requirement was enacted in 1902 for 

the purpose of disenfranchising Blacks. United States v. State of Texas, 

252 F.Supp. 234, 245 (W.D. Tex. 1966), affirmed 384 U.S. 155 (1967). 

Reply to Request No. 4: 

(Same as Reply to Request No. 1). 

  

Request No. 5: Blacks and Mexican-Americans were systematically 

excluded from participation on juries in Texas. Smith v. Texas, 311 U.S. 

128 (1940). 

Reply to Request No. 3S: 

Deny. 

Request No. 6: According to the court in Graves v. Barnes, "it 1s not 
  

unlikely that Texas' use of multi-member districts, taken in the entirety 

of Texas electoral laws and of Texas history, unconstitutionally infringes 

the voting rights of racial and political minorities in all Texas cities that 

are districted as multi-member." 343 F.Supp. at 725-726. 

Repl R 

The State Defendants admit that the case said this. 

Request No, 7: According to the Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census, the total population of Harris County in 1980 was 2,409,547. 

Reply to Request No. 7: 

Assuming that the request refers to the 1980 decennial census 

figures produced by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau 

of the Census, the State Defendants admit that the 1980 census showed 

Harris County with a total population of 2,409,547. 

Request No, 8: According to the Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census, the Black population of Harris County for 1980 was 469,290, or 

19.5%. 

 



  

Reply to Request No. 8: 

Assuming that the request refers to the 1980 decennial census 

figures produced by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau 

of the Census, the State Defendants deny the request. 

Request No, 9: According to the Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census, the total voting age population of Harris County in 1980 was 

1,685,081. 

Reply to Request No, 9: 

Assuming that the request refers to the 1980 decennial census 

figures produced by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau 

of the Census, the State Defendants admit that the 1980 census showed 

Harris County with a total voting age population of 1,685,081. 

Request No, 10: According to the Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the 

Census, the Black voting age population of Harris County in 1980 was 

306,451 or 18%. 

Repl 10: 

Assuming that the request refers to the 1980 decennial census 

figures produced by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau 

of the Census, the State Defendants admit that the 1980 census showed 

Harris County with a Black voting age population of 306,451. The State 

Defendants admit that the Harris County Black voting age population is 

approximately 18% of the Harris County voting age population. 

Request No. 11: According to the Dept. of Commerce, Texas State Data 

Center, the total population for Harris County in 1987 was 2,782,414. 

Repl R 11: 

The State Defendants object to this request. Rule 300-6(f) of the 

Local Rules of the Western District of Texas limits all parties to ten 

requests for admissions unless they have obtained leave of court to 

exceed that number. The Plaintiff-Intervenor Houston Lawyers 

Association have not done so. Having replied to the first ten requests, 

the State Defendants need answer no more at this time under the local 

rules. 

Request No, 12: According to the Dept. of Commerce, Texas State Data 

Center, the Black population of Harris County in 1987 was 543,353, or 

19.3%. 

 



  

Reply to Request No, 12: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Request No, 13: Currently, there are 1,266,655 registered voters in 

Harris County. 

Repl R 13: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Request No, 14: The inquiry of racially polarized voting, in 

accordance with the Supreme Court's decision in Thornburg v. Gingles, 

478 U.S. 30 (1986), is properly focused only on those electoral races in 

which a minority candidate sponsored by a minority group ran in the 

election. Campos v. City of Baytown, 840 F.2d 1240 (5th Cir. 1988). 

Reply to Request No. 14: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Request No, 15: Historically, the Texas Constitution required that 

white and Black children attend separate schools (Texas Constitution, 

Art. 7, Section 7, deleted from Texas Constitution in 1954). LULAC vv. 

Midland Independent School District, 648 F.Supp. 596 (W.D. Tex. 1986) 

(Bunton, J.), affirmed 812 F.2d 1494 (5th Cir. 1987). 

Reply to Request No. 1S: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Request No. 16: Texas law continued to prohibit Black students and 

  

  

white students from attending integrated schools until at least 1969 

(Texas Revised Civil Statutes, art. 2900). See, LULAC v. Midland 

Independent School District. 

Repl R 16: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Request No. 17: Until 1967, it was required under Texas law that 

Blacks and whites ride in separate trains and buses (Separate Coach 

Law, Texas Penal Code, Art. 1659). See, LULAC v. Midland Independent 

School District. 

Repl R 17: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Request No. 18: Until 1969, it was required under Texas law that 

Blacks and whites use separate library facilities (Texas Revised Civil 

 



  

> 6 
\ 

Statutes, Art. 1688). See, LULAC v. Midland Independent School 

District. 

Reply to Request No. 18: 

(Same as Objection to Request No. 11). 

Dated: June 21, 1989 or 2 x 

\ Sv 3 N.S *Y NC js, / dy > 

RENEA HICKS 
Special Assistant Attorney General 

  

  

P. O. Box 12548 

Austin, Texas 78711-2548 

(512) 463-2085 

Attorney for State Defendants 

 



  

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS 
MIDLAND-ODESSA DIVISION 

LULAC COUNCIL #4434, et al., 

Plaintiffs, 

Civil Action No. 

MO-88-CA-154 

VS. 

JIM MATTOX, et al., 

Defendants. LO
R 

LO
R 

O
R
 

O
N
 

LO
N 

O
N
 

LO
N 

STATE DEFENDANTS' ANSWERS TO PLAINTIFF-INTERVENORS' 
HOUSTON LAWYERS' ASSOCIATION'S FIRST SET OF 

EXPERT WITNESS INTERROGATORIES 

The State Defendants answer as follows to Plaintiff-Intervenors’ 

Houston Lawyers’ Association First Set of Expert Witness Interrogatories: 

Interrogatory No. 1: Have you employed an expert to test, analyze or 

examine any data with regard to this action or in any way to give you 

expert advice regarding this action? 

Answer Interr r (Be 

Yes. 

Interrogatory No. 2: If the answer to Interrogatory No. 1 is yes, for 

each expert, state: 

(a) The expert's name or other means of identification, address and 

telephone number; 

(b) The expert's profession or occupation, and the field in which 

he/she is allegedly an expert; 

(c) The name or description of the data that was tested, analyzed 

or examined or the nature of the advice given; 

 



  

(d) Whether you intend to call the expert as a witness during the 

trial of this action. 

[Answer the following Interrogatories separately for each person referred 

to in the preceding Interrogatory, identify the person by name.] 

An r Interr r 2: 

The State Defendants have designated Dr. Delbert A. Taebel as their 

expert. Dr. Taebel is currently a professor of Urban Affairs and Political 

Science at the University of Texas at Arlington. The State Defendants 

intend to call Dr. Taebel as a witness during the trial of this action. 

Attached is Dr. Taebel's current vita (updated on June 1, 1989). The 

information in Dr. Taebel's vita answers most of of the interrogatories as 

further developed below. 

Interrogatory No. 3: Has the expert referred to had a formal education 

in his/her field? 

Answer to Interrogatorv No. 3: 
  

Yes. 

Interrogatory No. 4: If so, state: 
  

(a) The name and address of each school where the expert 

received special education or training in this field; 

(b) The dates when the expert attended each school; 

(c) The name or description of each degree the expert received, 

including the date when each was received, and the name of the 

school from which received. 

Answer Interr r 4: 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answers to interrogatories 4(a) through 

4(c). 

 



  

nterr : Did the expert have other specialized training in 

his/her field? 

An r Interr r 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer to interrogatory 5. 

Interr r : If the answer to the previous Interrogatory is yes, 

state: 

(a) The type of training the expert received; 

(b) The name and address of the school or place where the expert 

received his/her training; 

(c) The dates when the expert received this training. 

An r Interr r 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answers to interrogatories 6(a) through 

4(c). 

Interrogatory No. 7: Is the expert a member of any professional or 
  

trade association in his/her field? 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 7: 
  

Yes. 

Interrogatory No. 8: If the answer to the preceding Interrogatory is 
  

yes, state: 

(a) The name of each professional trade association; 

(b) The date the expert became a member; 

(c) The description of each office the expert has held in each 

association. 

An X Interr r 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answers to interrogatories 8(a) through 

8(c). 

 



  

Interrogatory No. 9: Has the expert written books, papers, or articles on 

subject in his/her field? 

An r Interr r 

Yes. 

Interrogatory No. 10: If the answer for the preceding Interrogatory is 

yes, for each book, paper and article state: 

(a) Title and subject matter; 

(b) The name and address of the publisher; 

(c) The date of publication. 

Answer Interr r 10: 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answers to interrogatories 10(a) through 

10(c). 

Interrogatory No. 11: Is the expert licensed by any governmental 

authority to practice in his/her field? 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 11: 
  

No. A licensing procedure is neither available or required. 

Interrogatory No. 12: If the answer to the preceding Interrogatory is 
  

yes, state: 

(a) The designation of the authority by whom the expert was 

licensed; 

(b) The date the expert was licensed; 

(c) The general requirements that the expert had to meet to obtain 

this license; 

(d) How the expert fulfilled these requirements. 

An r Interr r 12: 

No response required. 

 



  

Interrogatory No. 13: What experience, other than that stated above 

has the expert had in his/her field? 

Answer nterr I 13: 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answers to interrogatory 13. 

Interrogatory No, 14: Has the expert had any previous experience in 

his/her field which involves problems similar to those encounter in this 

action? 

Answer Interr r 14. 

Yes. 

Interr r 15: If so, describe each similar problem with which 

the expert has had experience. 

An r Interr r 15: 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer to interrogatory 15. 

Interrogatory No. 16: At what address is the expert presently 
  

employed? 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 16: 
  

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer to interrogatory 16. 

Interrogatory No. 17: Between what dates has the expert been so 
  

employed? 

Answer Interr r 17: 

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer to interrogatory 17. 

Interrogatory No, 18: What are the expert's present duties? 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 18: 
  

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer to interrogatory 18. 

Interrogatory No, 19: What did the expert test, analyze or examine? 

An nterr I 19: 

 



  

The scope of Interrogatory 19 is not clear. If 19 refers to the 

"similar problems" in Interrogatory 15, then see Dr. Taebel's vita for the 

answer. If 19 refers to this case, State Defendants have already already 

provided an answer. See answers to Interrogatories 1 & 9 and the answer 

to request for production 1 in State Defendants’ Answers And Objections 

To Plaintiff-Intervenors Houston Lawyers’ Association's First Set of 

Interrogatories And Requests For Production Of Documents. 

Interrogatory No, 20: During what dates did the expert make such test, 

analysis, or examination? 

An r Interr r 20: 

See the response to Interrogatory 19. 

Interrogatory No. 21: What facts or information were you seeking 

having this test, analysis or examination conducted? 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 21: 
  

See the response to Interrogatory 19. 

Interrogatory No. 22: Explain in detail the steps used in this test, 
  

analysis or examination. 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 22: 
  

See the response to Interrogatory 19. 

Interr r 23: Did anyone assist the expert? 

An r Interr r 23. 

The scope of Interrogatory 23 is not clear. If 23 refers to the 

"similar problems" in Interrogatory 15, then see Dr. Taebel's vita for the 

answer. If 23 refers to this case, the answer is yes. 

Interr r 24: If so, state: 

(a) The name and address of each person who gave assistance; 

(b) The type or amount of assistance given; 

-6- 

 



  

(c) The inclusive dates that each person gave such assistance. 

An x Interr r 24. 

Dr. Taebel is receiving assistance from various colleagues at the 

University of Texas at Arlington: Dr. Richard Cole, Dr. Ann Smith, and Mr. 

Lawrence Jones. These individuals assist in data input and data analysis. 

Interrogatory No. 25: Were any results or conclusions reached as a 

result of this test, analysis or examination? 

Answer Interr r 25: 

The scope of Interrogatory 25 is not clear because it is not certain 

what test it refers to. If 25 refers to the "similar problems" in 

Interrogatory 15, then see Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer. If 25 refers to 

this case, State Defendants have already already provided an answer. See 

answers to Interrogatories 1 & 9 and the answer to request for production 

1 in State Defendants’ Answers And Objections To Plaintiff-Intervenors 

Houston Lawyers' Association's First Set of Interrogatories And Requests 

For Production Of Documents. 

Interrogatory No. 26: If so, what were the results or conclusions? 
  

Answer to Interrogatory_ No. 26: 
  

See the response to Interrogatory 25. 

Interrogatory No. 27: Did your expert submit a report of his objective 

findings? 

An r Interr r 27. 

See the response to Interrogatory 25. 

Interr r 28: If so, is this report available for inspection and 

copying by plaintiffs? 

Answer Interr r 28: 

See the response to Interrogatory 25. 

7 

 



  

Interrogatory No. 29: What is the name and address of the person who 

has present custody of this report? 

An r Interr r 29: 

See the response to Interrogatory 25. 

Interrogatory No. 30: Has this expert ever testified during a trial in 

which the legality or constitutionality of an electoral scheme or practice 

was challenged under the Constitution of the United States, or Section 2 of 

the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as amended. 

Answer to Interrogatory No. 30: 

Yes. 

  

Interr r If so, please provide the name, civil action 

number and case citation of each case in which the expert has testified, 

indicating whether he testified for the plaintiffs or the defendants. 

Answer to Interrogatorv_ No. 31: 
  

See Dr. Taebel's vita for the answer to Interrogatory 31. Not listed in 

the vita is a case in which Dr. Taebel recently testified styled Rangel v. 

Mattox, No. B-88-053; Dr. Taebel testified as the State Defendants’ expert. 

The case citations (as well as the civil action numbers) are obtainable 

through a Westlaw search. 

Dated: June 21, 1989 ——— 
py 4 
a =X ar Vall C 4H 

Renea Hicks 

Special Assistant Attorney General 

  

P. O. Box 12548, Capitol Station 

Austin, Texas 78711-2548 

(512) 463-2085 

Attorney for State Defendants 

 



DELBERT A. TAEBEL 

EDUCATION: 

CURRENT POSITION: 

PRIOR TEACHING EXPERIENCE: 

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE: 

B. A. Ripon College, 1956, Major in English 

M.A. “Political Science, San Jose State 
University, 1965 

Ph.D. Department of Government, The University 
of Texas at Austin, August, 1971 

Professor of Urban Affairs and Political 
Science and Graduate Advisor, Ph. D. Program 
in Administration, Institute of Urban Studies, 
The University of Texas at Arlington 

Instructor, Department of Government and 
Politics, University of Maryland (Far East 
Division) 1965-66 

Teaching Assistant, Department of Government, 
The University of Texas, 1968-70 

Divisional Chairman, 1970-73, 1980-81 

Graduate Advisor, M.A. Program, 1970-76, 
1279-81 

Graduate Advisor, Ph.D. Program, 1974-78, 
1980-81, 1983 to Present 

AWARDS, FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS: 

Republican Educational Fellowship, Ripon 
College, 1955-56 

Research Fellowship, San Jose State College, 
1964-65 

Dissertation Grant, National Science 
Foundation, 1969-70 

Samuel E. Ziegler, Fellowship in Human Rights 
and Civil Liberties, 1972-73 

Urban Mass Transportation Administration 
Grant, 1972-73  



  

COURSES TAUGHT: 

PUBLICATIONS: 

URBAN AND STATE POLITICS: 

Organized Research Grant, University of Texas 
at Arlington, 1973-74, 1974-75 

Public Service Fellowship Grant (Project 
Director) 1978-79, 1979-80, 1981-82, 
1982-83, 1983-84. 

UTA Instructional Grant, 1979 

Institute of Urban Studies Research Grants, 
1981-82,1982-83, 1983-84, 1984-85. 

Undergraduate Courses: American Government; 
Public Administration 

Graduate Courses: Urban and Metropolitan 
Politics; Government and Administration in 
the Urban Community; The Politics of Minority 
Groups; Urban Public Policy and 
Intergovernmental Relations; Political 
Protests and Civil Violence in the Urban 
Community; Organizational Theory and 
Bureaucratic Responsiveness; Urban Politics 
in Dallas; The Economics and Politics of 
Urban Transportation; Civil Rights and the 
Urban Community; Research in Urban Politics: 
Research and Analysis; Urban Education; 
Grass-Roots Politics; the Management of 
Intergovernmental Policy; Innovation in 
Municipal Government 

Ph.D. Courses: Seminar in Urban Policy 
Processes; Dissertation Design 

TEXAS POLITICS AND PUBLIC POLICY (San 
Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 
1987) Co-author 

URBAN LIFE IN TEXAS: A Statistical Profile 
and Assessment of the Largest Cities (Austin: 
University of Texas Press, 1986) (co-author) 

Co-editor, Special Issue: "Assessing the New 
Federalism," PUBLIUS, Vol.ls, No.l, Winter, 
1986. 

 



  

"The New Federalism: Promises, Programs, and 
Performance," PUBLIUS, Vol. l6, Ro. ‘1; 

Winter, 1986, pp. 3-10. 

"Managers and Riots," NATIONAL CIVIC REVIEW, 
LVII (Dec., 1968) 

AN ACTION PROGRAM FOR URBAN TEXAS. Austin, 

Texas, Texas State Legislature, 1971 
Senate Interim Committee on Urban Affairs, 
Senator Barbara Jordan, Chair 

"Urban Politics in Texas" in POLITICS IN THE 
URBAN SOUTHWEST, ed., Robert D. Wrinkle 

(Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New 
Mexico, 1971) (co-author) 

"Reformism and City Councils: The 
Incongruity of Institutions and Ideology" 
URBAN DATA SERVICE REPORT (Washington, D. C.: 

ICMA, September, 1973), pp. 11-18 

"The Political Process in City Government" 
THE STATE OF THE CITY OF FORT WORTH, Mary G. 

Almore (ed.) (Arlington: Institute of Urban 
Studies, 1973), pp. 43-50 

"The Corporate Model and City Government," 
THE EL PASO ECONOMIC REVIEW, Vol. XIV, No. 2 
(Feb., 1977) 

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TEXAS (Manchaca, Texas: 
Sterling Swift Publishing Co., 1979) 
(co-author) 

"Changing Urban Issues in Texas: A 
Comparison of the 1970's With the 1980's," 
TEXAS JOURNAL OF POLITICAL STUDIES, III 
(Spring, 1981), pp. 39-59 

INNOVATION IN TEXAS CITIES (Arlington: 
Institute of Urban Studies, Aug.,. 1982) 
(co-author) 

 



"Political Innovation in Municipal 
Government," TEXAS JOURNAL OF POLITICAL 

STUDIES, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Spring/Summer, 1984), 
Pp. 22-38 (Co-Author) 

"Initial Attitudes of Local Officials to 
President Reagan's New Federalism," JOURNAL 
OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Vol. 5, No.l(Winter, 1983), 

PP. 57-68. (Co-Author) 

"A Comparative Analysis of Urban Issues: 
Perceptions by Municipal Officials in a 
Sunbelt and a Frostbelt State," JOURNAL OF 

URBAN AFFAIRS ,Vol. 5, No. 4, Fall, 1983. 

"Attitudes and Anticipated Responses of Texas 
Urban Officials to President Reagan's 
Domestic Budget Proposals," PUBLIC AFFAIRS 
COMMENT (Nov., 1981) 

"Cities and Federal Budget Cuts: A 
Comparative Assessment by Municipal Finance 
Officers of Reagan's New Fedealism" 
TEXAS BUSINESS REVIEW (Vol. 56 (March-April, 
1282) pp. 68-70 

"Attitudes of Texas Urban Officials to the 
New Federalism: The First Year," TEXAS 
BUSINESS REVIEW, Vol. 57 (May-June, 1983), 
pp. 113-116. 

"Urban Issues and Federal Budget Cuts for 
Cities: A Comparison of Attitudes of Texas 
Legislators and Municpal Officials, TEXAS 
TOWN AND CITY, August,1983, pp. 11-13. 

"Reagan's Domestic Program and Texas Cities: 
An Analysis of the First Four Years and a 
Look at the Future, " TEXAS TOWN AND CITY, 
September, 1985, pp. 41-49 (Co-Author) 

"Advocates for American Cities: A Profile of 
State Municipal Leagues," MUNICIPAL MATRIX, 
VOL.XV1IIXI, No. 2, August, 1986.  



URBAN ADMINISTRATION: 

CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENT: 

"City Managers and Urban Policy Issues: A 
Comparison with Elected and Other Appointed 
Officials,” ADMINISTRATIVE COMMENTS AND 
LETTERS, Vol, 1 (June, 1982) pp. 113-128 

"Organizational Structure and the Role of the 
Urban Bureaucracy," MUNICIPAL MATRIX, Vol. 1, 
No. 5 (Dec., 1972) 

BUREAUCRACY, POLITICS AND THE URBAN 

COMMUNITY, (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 
The University of Texas at Austin, 1971) 

"Bureaucratization and Responsiveness: A 
Reserach Note," MIDWEST REVIEW OF PUBLIC 
ADMINISTRATION, Volume 7, No. 3 (July, 1973) 
Pp. 199-205 

A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF MUNICIPAL 
ADMINISTRATION, (The Maxwell School, 
Occasional Paper Series September, 1974) 

"The City Attorney: The Emergent Bureaucrat 
in Municipal Policy," (Part I), MUNICIPAL 
MATRIX ’ Vol. XV, No. 2, July 1983. 

(Reprinted by Texas City Attorney's 
Association, MUNICIPAL LAW BULLETIN, Fall, 
1983.) 

"The City Attorney: The Emergent Bureaucrat 
in Municipal Policy," (Part II), MUNICIPAL 
MATRIX (November, 1983) 

"Administrative Innovation in Municipal 
Government," INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF 
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Vol. 7, No. 2 (June, 
1985), pp. 149-178. 

"Strategies to Make Bureaucrats Responsive," 
SOCIAL WORK, Vol. 17 (Nov., 1972) 38-43 

"Citizen Groups, Public Policy and Urban 
Transportation," TRAFFIC QUARTERLY, Vol. 27 
(Oct., 1973) pp. 503-515  



  

"The Soldier and his Congressman," MILITARY 
REVIEW Vol. LIV (May, 1974) pp. 67-75 

ELECTIONS AND ELECTORAL STRUCTURES: 

"Minority Access and Cumulative Voting," THE 
JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLITICS, (Forthcoming, 
co-author) 

"Representation, Participation and 
Competition in Texas Municipal Elections: A 
Decade of Transition," PUBLIC AFFAIRS 
COMMENT, Vol. XXX, No. 1 (Fall, 1933) 

NEW PARTY RULES AND THE PRECINCT CONVENTION: 

AN ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS, (Arlington, 

Texas: Institute of Urban Studies Working 
Paper. Series No. 2, June, 1972). (Revised 
editions, June, 1974, and August, 1976) 

"Minority Representation on City Councils: 
The Impacts of Structure on Blacks and 
Hispanics." SOCIAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY Vol. 59 

(June, 1978) pp. 142-152 

"The Municipal Reform Movement, Elections and 
Constitutional Revision" MUNICIPAL MATRIX 
Vol. 5, No. 4 (Dec., 1973) 

"The Politics of School Board Elections," 
URBAN EDUCATION, XII, 2 (Summer, 1977), Dp. 
153-166 

"Voter Participation in local Elections: An 
Evaluation of H.B. 275," TEXAS JOURNAL OF 
POLITICAL STUDIES III (Fall, 1980) pp. 2-15 

THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION: ITS IMPACT ON 
SUFFRAGE (co-author) (Houston: University of 
Houston Press, 1973) 

"The Political Convention and the Primary 
Election: Representation and the Filtering 
Process," THE MUNICIPAL MATRIX Vol X1v, 
(April, 1982) pp. 1-4 

 



  

URBAN TRANSPORTATION: 

"The Effect of Ballot Position on Electoral 

Success," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL 

SCIENCE Vol. XIII, (Aug., 1975) pp. 519-526 

"Overlapping Terms of Office: Diffusion and 
Defusing of Municipal Democracy," PUBLIC 
SERVICE January, 1978 

THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE: ELECTIONS IN TEXAS 

(Arlington: Institute of Urban Studies, 
1974 

"At-Large and Single-Member District Systems 
in Local government," THE EL PASO BUSINESS 
REVIEW, Vol., XV (June, 1977) pp. 10-21 

"The Texas Presidential Preference Primary: 
Prospects and Issues," MUNICIPAL MATRIX IX 
(March, 1977) 

"Municipal Workers, Local Elections and 
Public Policy: A Case Study of Participation 
and - Voting," STATE AND IOCAL GOVERNMENT 
REVIEW (co-author) Vol. 10 (May, 1978), pp. 
42-50 

Urban Transportation: THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS: 
AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (Monticello, IL: 
Librarians, August, 1973) 

"The Outsiders and Urban Transportation," THE 
SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Vol. 13 (April, 1976) 
PP. 61-74 (co-author). 

"Urban Transportation: A Typology of 
Ideological and Policy Perspectives," TRAFFIC 
QUARTERLY (Co-author  XXIX (Oct., 1975), pp. 
541-554. Reprinted in URBAN TRANSPORTATION, 
PERSPECTIVES AND PROSPECTS, eds. Herbert S. 
Levinson and Robert Weant (Westport, Conn.: 
Eno Foundation, 1982). 

 



"Urban Mass Transit: What Are The Limits?" 
CONSULTING ENGINEER (Co-author) Vol. 42 
(March, 1974), pp. 128-135 
"THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF URBAN 

TRANSPORTATION (Port Washington, NY: 
Kennikat Press, 1977) (Co-author) 

"Evaluating the Quality of Urban 
Transportation," THE TEXAS PLANNER, 1985 

EDUCATION, TRAINING AND RESEARCH: 

"The Urban Community and Political Analysis," 
in TEXAS READINGS IN POLITICS, GOVERNMENT AND 

PUBLIC POLICY, eds. Richard H. Kraemer, and 

Philip W. Barnes (San Francisco: Chandler, 
1971) 

PRECON: THE PRECINCT CONVENTION GAME 

(Arlington: Institute of Urban Studies, 
1972) 

"Educational Games and the Political 

Process," SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL 

EDUCATION Vol. 3 No. 2 (Spring-Summer, 1973) 

The Interim Committee in the Legislative 
Process," PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMENT, (January, 
1971) 

"How Children View Consumer Affairs and 
Corporate Power," THE EL PASO BUSINESS 
REVIEW, (Fall, l978) 

"Public Avoidance--The Great Inferential 
Leap," PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Vol. 37 
(July/August, 1977) pp. 463-646. (Co-author) 

"Sexual Inequality and the Reproduction of 
Consciousness: Analysis of Sex Role 
Stereotyping Among children," (Co-author) SEX 
ROLES, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1980) 631-644 

"The Economic Socialization of Children" 
SOCIAL PROBLEMS,Vol. 26, (December, 1978)  



  

ASSOCIATIONS AND MEETINGS: 

"Does Individual Behavior Cause Systems or do 
Systems Cause Individual Behavior," URBAN 
AFFAIRS QUARTERLY, 15 (Dec., 1979) pp. 
230=232 

"Jewish Enterprise in: Transition: From 
Collective Self-Help to Orthodox Capitalism," 
SELF-HELP IN URBAN AMERICA, ed. Scott 

Cummings, (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat 
Press, 1980) pp. 191-214 (co-author) 

"Industrial Parks in Small Texas Cities," in 
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TEXAS: NEW STATE AND 

LOCAL INITIATIVES, EDS. R.R. Weaver and S.M. 

Wyman (Arlington: Institute of Urban 
Studies, 1988) 

University: Member, Committee on Committees, 
1970-1976; Member, University Steering 
Committee, 1974-1975; Member, Library 
Committee, 1974-1975; Member, Graduate 
Studies Committee, Ph.D. in Administration; 
Member, Graduate Faculty; Chairman, Graduate 
Studies Committee, Urban Affairs Program, 
1975-present; member, Graduate Assembly, 
1987-present. 

Professional: Member, Southwestern Social 
Science Association; Member, the Academy of 
Political Science; American Political 
Science Association. 

Consulting: Partners in’ Education, Inc., 
Arlington, Texas; Arlington Police Study; 
Dallas Community Action; Dallas Child 
Advocacy Commission; NBC News Elections; HUD 
Training Coordinator; North Central Texas 
Council of Governments; 

City Charter Analysis: City of Dallas; City 
of Fort Worth; City of Weatherford; City of 
Denison; City of Benbrook; City of Sugarland; 
City of Cleveland; City of Rosenberg. 

 



  

Subcommittee on Presidential Preference 
Primary Systems, Committee on Elections, 
Texas House of Representatives, Oct. 18-19, 
1976. 

Consultant and Expert witness on Voting 
Rights Act cases for City of Amarillo, Oct. 
13-15, 1975; City of Waco, Feb. 10-11, 1976; 
City of Austin, Jan. 24-26, 1977 . and 
Jan.15-24,1985; City of Lubbock, March 30, 

1977; Attorney General of Texas, Sept. 7-8, 
1877. Madisonville County Redistricting 
Case, March 4, 1978; City of Dallas, Feb. 16, 
1979; City of Port Arthur, Dec. 18, 1978; 
City of Abilene; City of Lockhart, Sept. 
10-12, 1980; City of Taft, Jan.,1986; City of 
Corpus’ Christi: City of Killeen; City of 
Baytown; City of Midland; Midland Independent 
School District; City of Pecos; Terrel 
Independent School District; Detroit 
Independent School District; City of Big 
Spring; Abilene Independent School District; 
City of Alamagordo; Cuba (N.M.) School 
District; "City of Griffin, CA; Southwest 
Junior College District, October, 1988. 

Evaluation Consultant, Southwestern Library 
Association, Aug. 19, 1977-January 15, 1978. 
Conferences and meetings: Moderator, "Urban 
Government and the Press," Urban Affairs 
Symposium for the News Media (May 12, 1974); 
Participant, "Symposium on Political 
Violence," The University of Texas at Austin, 
April 14, 1971; Presentor, "The Precinct 
Convention Game," The Texas Council for the 
Social Studies, Sept. 29, 1973; 
Participation, "Urban Mass Transportation 
Conference,” Washington, D. C., June 7-8, 
1973; Teaching Effectiveness conference, UTA, 
September 28, 1973; Paper presented on 
"Citizen Groups, Public Policy and Urban 
Transportation." Transportation Forum II, 
Urban Resources Center, Texas Southern 
University, April 3,.:1975; ' coordinator, 
"Conference on Games and Politics-'76, 
University of Texas at Arlington, March 9, 

10 

 



  

1976; Participant, "EQucaton in Ethical 
Issues in Political Life," American Political 
Science Association, Harvard University, 
April 10-11, and August 14-15, 1976; 
Panelist, "New Laws Affecting Cities," TCMA 
Annual Convention, June 21, 1974; Chairman, 
Panel on "The Administration of Justice in 
Texas," Southwestern Political Science 
Association Convention, April l, 1977: 
Panelist, "Minority Representation" Western 
Social Science Assocition, Denver, Colorado, 
April 26-27, 1978. Co-chair, panel American 
Political Science Association convention, New 
Orleans, 1985. 

Political Activities: Precinct Chairman, 
Democratic Party, elected in April, 1972; 
Election Judge; Delegate, Delegation 
Chairman and Member of the Credential 
Committee, Democratic Senatorial District 
Convention, May 13, 1973; Delegate, 
Democratic State Convention, June 13, and 
September 12, 1972, May, 1976 and September 
17, 1976; Chairman, Program and Arrangements 
Committee 12th Senatorial District 
Democratic Convention, May 11, 1974 and May 
1, 1976; Chairman, Arrangement Committee, 
District 12, State Democratic Convention, 
September 17, 1974; Delegate Conference on 
Democratic Party Organization and Policy, 
December 6—3, 1974; Member Credentials 
Committee, Democratic National Convention, 
1976. Member, Platform Committee, Democratic 
Party State Convention, Austin, June 27, 
1986. 

Environmental Activities: Member and Program 
Chairman £1972) Arlington Conservation 
Council; Delegate and Chairman of the Policy 
Committee, Environmental Coalition of North 
Central Texas (1972-73); Delegate and Member 
of the Texas Environmental Coalition 
Constitution Revision Task Force. 

11 

 



OTHER EXPERIENCE: 

Other: Common Cause, Greater Fort Worth 

Housing Opportunity, American Civil 
Liberties Union, Tarrant County Commission 
2000. 

Lt. "Col., U.: SS. Army, (Ret.) Personnel 

Management Administrative Officer, Army 
Commendation Medal (3 awards) (1957-1968). 

Assistant Public Relations Director, Ripon 
College 1954-1956. 

Reporter, Appleton (Wisc.) POST CRESCENT, 
1956-1957 

Reporter, Wheaton (Ill.) DAILY NEWS, Glen 
Ellyn (Ill.) NEWS, Ripon (Wisc.) PRESS.