Connell v. State Court Opinion1

    782 AIa. 3I8 SOUTEER,N R,EPOR,TER, 2d SEN,IES

^^In-Stalluorth zt. Statc,52 Ala.App. 619,296 
.So.2d 213, we hetd that ,h. .;;'til.;;;

ll^Y._",.."ncerning a threateninC ;;;;:pnonc call made and presented 
" questionlor the jury,s determination ;';;;;;true in this case.

,nfit!o,nT:j:ff::':".n"t 
a suspect bv tele- co,rt or crinrrn.r Al,penrs or Arabarnr. -

l,p,.i. i",;il;1..:ri:.;:1,x:;. May 7, 1e7,1

;':::,:i:"*ta' 123' ,, So'2d sr: il;:i; Rehearrng Denred ,une 28, rs?{. ,,.

Ronald Ketth GONNELL

v..
S7ATE.

5 Olv. t33.

J. lndlctment and lnfo

Overruling of m<

n:cnt rvhich \\'as mac
frndartt and rvhich wa

,r.t irlns rrnder 25 yee

frirl.v included in jury
grarrrl jurors rvere dr
Code of Ala., Tit. 30, $

a. Gnnd Jury €5
tuty @41

_ I:nfrenchiqement,
IS ;rrrrl 2l years of age
srl,ilir.r. for ju11. service
lS arrd 2l years of age.
.r). \ 21.

l. Grend Jury @s
Jury €38

States remain free
f jtrrors to citizens, I

.;'c,.i ficrl qualifications
,.,,.::rI ;tttaillrnent, and t
i,,.',1 irrtclligence, sound
, li.,r;r.rt'r. Coclc of AIa

..t_r."l,n*- generally, communications
lhlgqs1-the .naeoiu- -r-,;'::::|^"1: -- The !-i1cg1 lourr
rr2v he cl,^.,._ :- ., o{--the -{elephone*-.--I]rnei. I.. G*;n:i::;at il rrto*, in t.'-{{<rc'rerepnone 

,--Tfneil, toura-0.1.,,0"il;r"Tff

;:*::i ::l].F,ffi ,[1,1T]; il1 {;:,:":J::,.1*::: :: ::ren!an1 app,ed
tween individuats face t" f;;;, ;;; * 

rne uourt of Crirninal Appeats, B";;T
identity 

"l * ,1.,,.:""i:,-11t"',but 
the SImmons, srp"rr,,-..",

conversation,',";;:^!i!: *"#,:I 5ll* ;#+i,Th:i'*u-ry
I::,,?:^::,"orished by some testimony ei_ ,":,:.:: :l':.1.:^i 

.,"in, persons undcr Bther direct or circumstantial.,, 
'--"/ Lr )ears of age \vere not adequatefy 

-..prf

See "r"^ rr):t-^.. - A"?lll^*:: 
not €rror, that refusal ," p.J=See also lttitson t,. .state,20 Ara.App. .1:3::.::,:..r-rq .o-r;;til[X-l3Z,lol So.417. witness(had_uut O;a ,o, ,,"r_*r. n^. _-;,ilillfft@.m

. . 
In this case Fulmer made a positive cross-e.xantine victim,s

:1,"1,11,.",:i "; ;;ll"r,,s 
'oice r+.h,e the sr,di,,;;; il;:i;::Ll.l;-;:-;tl;*-

li'-?l"r:.,in" *", ope, and also made a error. ' '- -""crnents.rvas re'ersibl
posttrve identification of his voice *lrif" ;n \.-__,
a seParate office at police Heair;;;;: Feversed and renranded.

There was no motion to excrude the 
Decarro, J., dissented.

state's evidcnce i there was no motion for ^ ^{udgment reversed, ?94 Ala. 4ZZ, lEa new trial; there, were no exceptions re- So'2d 710, on remand, ar..cr.epp. Iserved to the orar charge ,; ;;;'j;;;: lla:Ale. 717, 3tB So.2d 718, ...ttorJ r.there were no adverse rulings on the ad- nied, 29{ AIa. 
-, 

318 So.2d 7lg.mission of evidence. ff,... iu", " ;;;;for the affirmative charge but in the lightof what we have said clearly th.;';; l' crlmlnal lsv @dQ,t(r)
properly submitted to the jury. clothing and knives which n,crc *

rhe case is arrirmed. ::l";lr,:,fl::.:J:,"fl:.flfi:.?r"f5
Affirmed. admissible in prosecution of defendut r

nurder charge.

__TYSON, DeCARLO and
JJ., concur.

CATES, p. J., not sitting.

5. tndlctmont and lnform;
Pcrsons of lg_25 y

::,,r irrdentifiable group, :
rr{)nr grand jury box di
i r,,r) to quash indictmen
l rr. 30, g 2t.

7. Wltnesses 6256

. \\'here state witness
t,trt did not refer to notrlrx;,.;1. discretion in rr
0crcnse counsel to see not(

t. Crlmlnat Law e= il7lt/z|
Wllnesses e26S(S)

. 
'l'rial 

court committedr,) refusing to allow detcr(,ss-e.\amine 
widow of ho

xardirrg her prior statemen

BOOKOUT, 2' lndlctmcnt and lntormaflon e'to(t) i
Under many factual circumstanctl l t

fendant is errritlc,.l to judiciai i..rlrr . *
motron to quash i.,'ictnrcnt o-,1 glglll_6d __-+__e. H_onricide c=2g411;Jur)'\\'as inrpr6p,.rir rllr*.r, -"--

\. l:,.r.t, tl:t re rr ir\ ll{) I(
. :lrr:,,ii i.rr:r; l:ri



CONNELL

'E.

r33.

peals of Alablrnn.

974.

,une 25, I&7{.

' Ala. 427, 3tt
Ia.Cr.App., !J
certiorari de

t 718.

otes whiqh s111. i

3. ,nd,,mort i,,d Inrormrr,^- - 
to"YI-XlLl.'#' 

Ara. zg,
overruring 

", ,J;l'::;j.3f::r,.,_ 1j.."",.0 mind, triar
rrrent rvhich was mad
fcndant and which *"-. 

j-{ ,r-;;;;:";;1'.'- ;::'.l?iilj Trlyf#r.o;l. :;",:::.';
I)ersons under 25 ,.r:-o"t:d 

on claim that

;llt'li:..' Xffi: ii:;#;,I.T l: ff:::::,:T':}
c,a. 

"iar"., rii'io,Tll.' *"";;';;;;: :j,T$:i#'31.$l}{,lt }ili;
{. Grend Jury 6=5 court properr, ,.rrr.ot 

no evidence, trial

Jury @41 [[fH;;;''il;:"";';H['1.'i:'1'J:

il
IIlr

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ILee County, L I
rnt guilty of 

"ri.erendant-ifrcalod
ppeals, Bowen lli
I 

. 
Circuit 

.Judgq
otton to guash in.
persons under 2J

Ill".:*:.:.nt of persons between

lilll., 
r,i:::: ef ase oo;;:#|I# 1,: !;irrrr

L'iT? i::.i::r ::*il;; ;;#1T:;T .::: li|1:.-::. ground or oul..tion to
.30, s 21.if,iT,i,years or 

"r.. 
"iJr."""i'^?:: dl l::?"._y:: 

J;;,;;rng' on oLrjectionnot revienable.

rdequately repre.
refusat to pcrrnit

ie was not error. l

:fense counsel h ,'vrvrng. n.ife rr. l
:s was reversibir I

5. Grand Jury e>5
Jury 9>36

. . 
States remain frer,,r Jrrrors to citizens.:to 

confine selection
.peci f ied r r",,i,.",r'r. 

tlr'^tllont 
.meeting

ri,,r,ar attairrm.;;, ;;' 
or age and educa-

x.,,t r | 11 lcu is;;;;' J;;o':.. jhose pos sessing
( r .,r;,crer. L;;;;il;::,iXifri;;i.". *,,
6. ,ndlctmont and lnt

pcrsons o, ,*'ot'"'ron 
6137(2)

,r,,r in<lentifiaur" gro15^ {TI:. "l a8e were

,i 

rorr r 
. 
gra nd ; r ri ";;nr;r, ji ::.:],:j,, ;::r r,,1; 1o guash indict'l'it. 

30, S Zl. "'uterrlent' Code of AIa.,

7. Wltnesses e>2S6

, \\/here state witn,,:,, u,u 
"",-..r..*,Itj:.hto 

notes in hand

;:';:;, : :",1x x : Lii$J 1:';:#:
8. 

.Crtmtnal 
Lew 6t lzot/2$,

Wflnorscs 626S(S)

,, ,lii:1,,;','j* ;;H,',,.d 
reversibre error

; :: ;,,.fi l, hlffi,.,j #: ;.":[1 H,::

12. Wltnossos C52,6
ft rvas not errorpermit 6.-1.;;r'Tfor court to refuse to

agext as ,o ,.i.irr.'*^cross-examine FBI
indicated tont"jriJo T:t::gt *'hich record
tion not ,,ui.., i" ol,.:::j:t,,', inrornra_

,3, Cr,mlaal Law G7E2

. trIotion to excludt

"**.*; ";i 
l1{r 

flt+::Ttr r }:
sustain i r.yt "".li.llr 

t*tliir 
."'n 

ich rvotrI<i

t4. Homtctrto 6234(4)

- Evidence was sr
tendant,s conviction 

rf{icient to sustain de_

gree murder .r.n ,h.on ,thlt*t of first-de-
rect proof 

", to ,uh"lJ8h 
thcre rvas no di-

other men il;.'JY 
defendant or two

?f murder *i.io*'i'",irso Present at time
<teath. lrte to effect victim,s

15. Crtmtn8t Law f7a2(2)
- lury coutd drawr.* r....r,i.- ;;;.jt"tonable inference
and their nroi,. 

"r.'l'.tence 

by three men
ant who *.;; Ii'ir 

r,..r,, that defend-
pri.. to-r,o,i;#:: 

.;J: jl::,:T,i.[:d

16. Crimlna, Law G35t(3)

..,.,,lt'"lt": of fliqhr of rrt f,:,..,:;r froru:C('ll( u f (.ri./.( r. iitlr
Slirri,', l1; 51,,,, 

irr'rillle as circttrt-

!

I

ich were ot
:d by defco&
r arrcst *rcr3

Cefendenl a

at40(tl

rstanccs, dt
hearing c

ground dtl

t

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:

9. Homtctde 6294(l)
t) 

'l:':,,i::T r'as no testimony that dt.-. . . . rrrcrrtal retardation $,as d111. r,,



7U 318 SOUTIIER,N REPOR,TER, 2d SEBIESAIa.

this indigent appcll, rvas cortrmitted in Lee wherr they reached Lr.s. 29 on the n
- 

- 
County wherein.a,-Sraudj-uly-itrdicredald - tunr-trig,-,.Mr_ ,.Froncy,_elected_..'.'-{i
a petit jrrrl'tltrly and larvfully impanelled u,ife's protest to pick up four hitchhilen

:::'::.:,:n:,_1lo1l"u,-Ueferrda,t of. mur- rvho u.ere importuning a ricle. Ererythir;

ffJ.J :, l[ iil:,,::T1i,,."'"n 
prrn i sh m ent 

:T,iil,:l,,:"; i;T:*;;ri, jH:,:
The recorrl co,taills threc 

'olunres 
total_ pcrsorral appearancc that they l.ere dut.

ing 479 pages, ;Lll of g.hich the rvriter of gcrous' I{r' I;rortey stopped in routc rd

:,''',ifil{ii.#Jti I":*t'I: -hffi:;$
rvere frec of prciudicitrl crror;rs \\.ill lre cn Elairre Jordan, nnd Ilo,raltl Keith Con.noted later in this olrirriorr. Strffice it to 1cll, appcll:rrrt-<lefcltl;rnt.

::li 'l:,,$' ,..JJ''l;J":,.i,.],]ff: llill"li; rhe seating arr:,nseme't or the rosr
faced with sonle tlifficult <;rrestiorrs, both in \\'as at a <linette table. 11ll four of the n4
fact and larv, that arose out of the factual ers u,ere irr close contact u.ith each othcr
and circtrntstantial evidenct' presented to Connell sat dou'n first orr one of thc br4r
the jury. It r'r'as trot arl easy case from a to the rear of the camper, but Iater morrd
trial point of vierr. trp to the front s'here all four sat al t!.

rhe only rvitness 0,."..,1-:*-h:, the homi- Lil:::',,T:1";,, ,ltJ[ i]..{ Ji: il",icide charge<l in the i,dictr,cnt was. com- i;.. I.-roney asked his wife to drirrmitted was I\[rs' Sharorr lironel',. u'ife.of ,\tro^..1 thc vchicle was a television rct. rthe r'ictinr. l\lrs. lrrorre_r. sur.vivcd a knife radio, and a tape player or sterco sf,i)

;::::,i "'Ji:,i":ir.l' ?rl...;T'l'*l.-i:,:1il *:*:1,::l;,"ffi a,,,he af,e'rr
stabbed rvith a knife or Iike instrunrent.

Mr. and illrs. Froncl.temporarily resided Before reaching I-85 and after they bf
near Tallassee, Alabanra, rn.h.r. flf.. fr"_ been talking for some time, Karen rOrl
ney \4,as cnrplol'ed and temporarilv sta- IIrs. Froney to turn up the volume of tl.
tionecl as a natural g", .o,,r,,lt"nt. Thev stereo. She complied. The witncss tcrr
lived in a canrper, r.,.hi.h ,*,". .onr.ni"rt fied that, "I noticed for a while th.t tL,
for station to station tr;rveling, rvhich was were just kinda excluding us from thero
Mr. Froney's tlccuo:rtir,. , I ,.;rre-rarr.. r'ersation, just talking arrrong lhcr: 'r'"'

- '- On lhc nr,,r.rrirrr ,,i Tanri:ti1, 26, lg7,Z, Jlr. lr:rrl rcquested I turrr tIc 1rtr.r,. ,l
:Lnrl \ll':. I .t l)r'. ,, ,il;rrrt;r irt th,,ir l'rr<1cr, + * +,,' ...l.he rrrn.r,. ,.. ,

Walker, IJill, Gullage, r\danrs & Unr-
bach, Opelika, for appcllant.

William J. Baxle_v, Att-r,. Gen., and John
D. Whetstone, Asst. Att1,. Gen., for the
State.

BOWEN W. SIIIIIO\S, Supernumer-
ary Circuit Judge.

The homicide, rvhich is the strbject of

lrusiness, thel. llegan their return rnqg,
jotrrnel., later in the aftcrnoon, back itheir station-the point of departure in 4labama. In traveling, they used I_S5 *
t\r'een .,\tlanta and I\{ontgomery, which had
not been constructed between Newnan rd
Lagrange, Georgia. Bet\r,een these poinq
the motoring public s.as compelled io sg
Ilighrvay U.S. 29, r.r,hich rvas an interntr
tion of I-85.

rh.r' really had to sh<

rh:rt time, the rvitness

crrpying the passenge

rhc hitchhikers were
rahle behind the witnr
nrusic s'as turned up
(.onnell's request, the
rng irr hushed tones-..
longer." As already
rcached I-85 Mr. Iiror
ro drive. She took or

-.-- --.ki+..- -for-some-titne- g,
,rf \lorrtgomery. The
l,;r:rtl <lccirled it u,ould
i'.r\rcilgcrs on to IIor
,lro;,pirr1.1. them of f on t.

\ftcr driving for a s
rhc.r. rr.ere in Alabama,
r,l lrt r hrrsband to dri
:,, thc lrathroom. Ther.
'l:r. rritness rverrt to i
i:rrchhikt rs u.ere all s

\ f rcr the witness
ir,rrr r'hile, 

",rou, 
.'ll,

.1,.n I fclt the motor hor
\ ( r_\. fast an<l prrll off
lrrrrr-r. su<ldenly.', The r
:hc lrathroom door and ,

u'cre huddled over m\.
:h;rt position, kind of c
rrrrrrcrl arourrd in the d,,,,,.., IookinK up at thc
':rcrrrlrtr hinr saying, ,Ta
I}r.nrotor horne, but jtr
.\rrrl rhis is the last thi:
:,,.,. He u,as just lool
tookinK up at the thr(
rrr q1 [;'n.rr

. 
'l'hc 

witness further tet?h(lant, Connell, was on
l"t.t"d over her husbar
hurL;11111 said, ,,Take 

oulrnot<,rr holne, just leaver llncrs \\.as so positiorr
rl,rrJ{l see her husband,

'rt rlrrl rrt)( sec ;t kr:i t,h.r, .t;rrtrling lrcttr r.t,r l.

I

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I

ril:it,:l;trt t:t(. ,,,r:,.1, lurrdt.r th:rrr trstritl lrrrt nt,l



rn motc
, becl to
rre in A[
I-85 Uo

vhich hed
unan a{
se poinq
:d to gr
intcrrup

L thc rs
rver li
chhilm

rcrc rill
dresc ot
rrc du!
,tttc rd
r ridcn
hmcntr

Steptrr
a, Klr
h Cqr-

CONNELL v. STATE

rrr..v rearv had to shout to r,e n."rJ,'j':,*T;tt:t;r.n pointed a knife ",i:'-,r:.1:th;rt tirne, the rvitness I\Irs. Froney *", o.- and told t,.. to t"t. i...y.crrn.1i19- the passenger seat. All four of
the hitchhikers were sitting at the ainetie The witness then be
rarrrc behind the witness. At the time the down on "";-";;;.";;:f ffiXti:r.tiitrtttsic u'as turned up the second time li not help f,., f,,,ru"ni. She sat there for a('orrnell's request, the four *ere stitt t"tt- whire, untir 

"".;;;;. boys came back andrrrg irr hushed tones-"not tarking to ,, 
"ny 

directed her to ,"-'i, ,rr. bathroom. Askrttgcr'" As atready stated,- i"r,.n ti.y she was ,ro...a;'r* 
"l oir..t.a, she fert arcached i-85 Mr' Froney asked the *itn.r. b-lorv on i.. rt,",rii".r-,,.n,.n knocked her tot' rlrive' She took over and continued to the froor. ali.r-.ri.r,ng the bathroomrlrirt' for some timc going in tl,. a;r..i;* and rocking tr,. loor,'rr," fert a wetness onof .\lontgomery. The ri,itness 

"na 
r,".i,* the shoulder. 

",it"i-,.1"" *,^^,

l.ri:(rrrlJcrs on to I\'Iontgorn.ry ;rrr."a'ot - ,|,f,.t. 
being in the bathroom for a short,lr,;,pittg th*m off on the roadside. while, she heard a couple of voices, 

"r. ",\rrcr rrri'ing ror a short r'hire and arter ;lIt";11; Tt l,:t ,ff .t"T: *:lirhc-r' *'ere ir, Arabarna,.the r'itness r";;r- grabrred the witness by her ,r,rists andr'l ht'r hust'and to,dri'e- so she ."riJ-;; puiled her to t.r-r..t and then to the be<ir, rhc 1'"trr'.r. Thel' changed pr;;;";; in the aisre. in. i,,r.r. further testifiedrhc rr.irrress rr.ent to the t,"ihroom. il; that she *"r-;;.; directed to put her
'rtt'hhikers 

*'ere aI sitting in ;;; ;; hanos behinJ- r,.r-u".t, rvhere they *.ere1,l.rr.(.5. tied u.ith , ,"hi;" handkerchief. She did\fttr tlte *'itness *.as in the bathroonr a not know which one did this. F"li"rr;;
'1r,,11 lrhile, alrorrt a,rinrte, .,all of " r,,Ul further orders, she lay do*r, orr;;;";:,' rr I iclt the ,notor honre kincla .lo* d;;; u,here a pillow rvar

,r'i 
r' f:tst arr<l pull off the road in a 'er). 

one *'as;;;;;" ;;t rlll":j;t;' # 
t:f;

lrrrrr.r su<ldenly." The witness ,t,"n op.,i"i :.:1,-**,.d. 
a.nd both fell on th" fl;;;. ;;;:hc lt:rthroom door and "saw the,;;..';;;; witness fell on her stomach. It rvqs thentvcre htrddlecl over m)' husband, r.ira" in that she felt a sudden sensation i; ;;rl'rt positiorr, kina of or.er him. H. ;;; back. She could feel the k;;;.' ;;.;;;rrrrn(,(l :lround in the, driver,s ,."t "t ttlJ down on her back, and after ,f,. .;*_ii"*rlt.trttc. looking rrp at thenr. Ard ,o-I 

-r;- she stopped struggling and pretended she

l;ll":l'l hinr saving, 'Take our ,,o".r.,-r"t" was dead. someone th.n pt"..J 
";;;;rIr( trrotor horrre, btrt just leave ,. ;i.;;j over her.

\rrrl this is trre rast thing I did h.;;j; Thenrotorveh.icrestartedupandsomeone
.'''l' IIe was just looking ,.o o.r;J,i tolo Karen to arir.. 

-rr,.) 
were all tatkingr()('ktnK rrp at the three people hovered and one of them sala ,,well, we,ll have to

(lYcr hinl.,' 
get rid of the rno,o, home some way_,,.

, 
'l'hc witness further testified that the de- YIl":: ways- of disposing of the vehiclelcntlattt, Connell, was one of the three still 

were discussed. The suggestion was made

l:t:tt.l over her husband at the time her 
to burn the vehicle and thus get riJ-o;-;;".

il"li:,,.: said, .,Take our money, take our 
evidence.

ro're' Just reave us arone.,' The The camper then began to traver over
hrrt)('\\ was so positioned tt,.n tr,"t .i" sn:ooth surface and continued to ao so for
(',rttlrl 

5' 
" hcr husband:.1,,,t 

_,lot ,t,a u"yr. some tirrrc. .r.hen 
the vehicle ,eg.rr sr'ar -*. ''',',,,11',1;.i;:,,1"j;;l:, 

lri3,#-jns o' " 'o"*i',,,,,i i,,-r, ,i.";.i,,.1.
' ', zr)*50 

trrc tllrcc canle to ;t \l('l), llll<l thc' l)c()J)lc \r (,r (. r.r.r\.-

e fmr
he rrd

otha
c lxd'
movod

at rb
Lt$
nr3ir
driw.
$t, t
whicl
rno

rbl
r&l
fOr
lcri
thq
OD
lrl
0rl,
fiilI
ttu
rEr -

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786 AIa. 3I8 SOUTEEBN REPOBTER,, 2d SER,IES
rng around. The u.i
ro; abo;;';e, ;;,J::"'s. 

remained quiet

about the .,n"u"",iirl'l _"'9..)"r *'orrving

wh", ,l;";;;,;l'1:l'.s fiuins the room.

on the floor dead. ,, l:t-""':d. 
rvas lf ing

rigr,t. iniiJ,;:il 
",::":as 

night and the

established, they u.ere
mrtted irr er.iderrce on
prosecution that thev
of appellant. ;TJ:JTITE

art I '-:(:\ f
'-'.!c' :: t::.r

lc !r", .r'
trra '! ',:r
r; 1,',. ..' it la'
r.. r(rrllilllil
Lr?tl,}:

i' t. lo lrr

lr.r(a .r illl!l(
.l , t,. ir:. t vc ;i

rntroduced

It{r1. Fronel', su f fering f rom kni fewounds and in a ,ue"ker.j"rJ 
"_n.r.,.icondition, started walking ,; ;';;;;"";;deserted roacl and c,

upon she toor ,i. ,ilr', 'l,i'#, ;li::for a while until sl
st,. tt,.n irrr.o'"r"l,trot""Tj .:.oT rif i:;;fork until she reach
y"r. Finary., 

" ;;;#.:, ::?"l#.1':l;stopped. 
. 
Trvo patrol of fice.s ;;;";;;, ;;the patrol car. One

f::: _;* ;;;;T "J,.I.;:ff ,:"";:
I rooper B. G. Brown
i;.a tr,,t 1'r,J';;il' 

"l[X"fi:]JT:camper *'as located. The.eupo,, t;; 
";;;::ers 

put her in the other car and asked theoccupant, a tr{rs. }{ols
tt,". t o.pi,or.' ;;r. ;;:i:;,,':.1;:::#:,,7
took her to the East T"ll"p";;-;;;;;;

The record is re
]::: .:f";..;;.;i ;;?l:::. ';':"::Iil: ;ilntensive and extenr
trr.e ioenliiy .;^;;:'';;.;;;:::'H ilj:rvhereabouts._ Also, a minute ,*.;";,;;"camper and the area of tt,. .rirl;;;il;;evidenie pertinent to

rrom ici ie ; 1; : :1,1'- ":T T:::}::i:;r'as conducted. The investig";r; ;;;;:sufficient probable 
<

tr,. io",tity' o"r"lJ,ri..ti."t 
that 

-pointed to
r,it.r,r,iti.i ;il;.";,rr not alt four of the

a federal ;r;;;'"t 
arrested Pursuant to

federar ,rtr,.i;ty.' #1tt"nt 
isstted under

hitchhikers,""ui,"..'li ;:lTi;:,ff,,i:::
nia, by ten FBI oifi..rr.

_^Il. :t{,..rs took posscssion of a pair ofooots, knives, sheaths
*t,;.r, ,r..r.l; ,ilffi and other articres

officers. il.';il;:l "'o in view of the

occrrpicd l)) the hitchh,k.:.:t" 
in the room

$g,*ffi
dence at ttre ti;ar'orih,;H;#E
frce it to say, the inv

n' |:::t[ ly 
:i[:;fi :l;i':H:sttlts frorrr rvhich an i, -1"''"' uroutrl

arlt *.as retrrrnecr. luJ:"',:n, of &r{
trierr separar.,, ;;;,n'"it n.'rtl."oant 

r
We rlill now adr.er

procerrure arte, ;nai.tl.ll^tnt 
pleadiry ri

ro the triar.'ii,;';;;':i::';lfl.::.lH
terrtiorrs 

-of the rleferrdant ,,,rir* n. I
1n<] 

set forth in the deferr<Jarr,,;:;X
arrd corrrprehelrsive brief.

If .;

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(-r'.

t.

I\i :

I ' lr ;:.1;11
. ,,,1, l,r

-1 ,Ltt.1r;s1

(.(.t-i

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' :: ,ltl

ar

: ;', r.,
.'i:( .l I

' tr.., f(,llt(.1
, 'rf.\ for

, .; lt,t:,:t.1.\.,
,. I ll,r.l;rtr

r l:,. clt
.,,,t:1,

!1, I t:rl,.rl
:.:,.t , ! ,t!.1,.

"n..\ .i(rt) [
l .! .',1 .i.1,,r.,rlrser

.ara

rhrt tht.(.onst
\.etq. l{, J)rr
'"'::. f0r thci
:yrt:t frc(.to C
f?.:r, to Jrql5gJ
trrllton\ ()f ;rl

_ 
.-rjrt, 

en(l 
Lo_t:'a''' e. ..,t,,,,1

H[[*tffi1
lfi:,TJ"fii.fiTi,:::::1,1;'1.:: I;ur_v .properll. and legall, ,tr"r n trl-i I
Jur-r' bo-x composed oi 

" ir;, .r*r--J Iof elisible jur6rs from L.l'c"*rr]E I
;;':1',1'J'::JT ;:'*.3x9 Iwere not fairly includei in th. i; L I
out_on the contrary \4,ere s,.'stemaii.jrtr Icluded therefronr, ,,and indecd all clirl I
Jurors between the agcs of lg vearr j! Iyears were completeiy exclrrrlj ha d I
;ur1' bo..x 

,from l.hich rhe gr:trrd jur.r # I
:ndrctet! the rl|itr.,...r ir: this casilrrp
lcctcd or dra$ ri... . -.---------.t--

I lrcst. rrrticlcs u.crt, lrrorrght
;t::,;r. irn,l il il(.1. s(.(il:(., ,.r , r | !,,,

I';rt'k 1,,,\l,r
ii j;ri cotrrt I,r(,,ni,ll.\.. ri!b,

l.r uit.r] tlte,lotr,,:, .lith(-.!{4 I

L



.nd s)noft
tlrc a1l

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evilnq
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wcrc g
nro c*
t. Sirf,
crtri{t
u8h r
dcfd
nt rt

ng rrrd
6inrT
rl (G
re rid
lurd;

onb
,rir
ifcnr
ll'B
,f Or
btrr
rhb
rlld
mt
dir
6r
,.'
qF
bq
,4,

ill
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da
Jd
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E

CONNELL v. STATE

\,.rs ri,,er.\' fired and presented ," ,h"".:",iir:"tt*;t.;,"" or the 
Ala' 787

l.:rtrcr nrarr-r' factuar circumstances, the de- Iists, so ,"r" rr';.oJ;l;t;l."ff;i::ricrrrlarrt, as here, is entitled to a judicial flects a ..;r;_;;i", of the populationhcrrirrg orr his motion. However, under suitable i, .h";;;;., and intelligence forrl,plic;rl-lle larv, rve think there was no error that civic duty.,,,r ovt,rruling defendant,s motion without a
hcarirrg. . 

,,Statutory provisions such as those
Ir is to be noted that the motion em_ 

found in $ Zl are not peculiar to AIa_
rrraces )'oung persons betrveen ages lg and 

bama' or to any particular ..dorr. oi i;.
Jr irrcrrrsive and arso those._betwe'e;;r; ffjflll' j,.:::t .il,Xr:?,,;.'il;;;.;rrrd 2.i inclusive, and. alleges tt,"t ttey States, ,.rla.rt.- J, ,1. Iocality, of a$rrc s)'stematica'y excluded from the jury specified minimum-age, and abre to un-
;::,,:',',",1 'I:,Xllffil',fr:Iff,"ilii derstand E"'il;. I,ranv or ,h; s1";;,

-il-mrrli. -*==-------- t -1otou.-+e-o*1jro*-tn'jr-F
ter' or the like; some, thaithey il-.;;_'l'ht lcgislature in Title 30, $ 21, Recom- telligent'or ,u,ell informed., ,,

i',ictl ('otlc 1958, as amended, 
"pp."rirg in'hc lr,cket 'part of volume 8, p..scriUejtte t5] The states remain free to confine

,';:rlificatiorts of persons on 
" Ju.y ,oll ano the selection to citizens, to persons meeting( \\'rrsirrl{ certain persons t.o* ..rria.. specified qualifications of age and educa_ ii'(r\()trs under 2l years u'ere soeciricaill, tional attainment, and to those porrarri,s i

.'ilrrtlerl fr<;m such service. good intelligence, sound judgmcnt, and fair )

:na racter.

i 4 I \\'c do not think the enfranchisc_, ,: r ,f l)crsolls betrveen the lg and 2l.,,rr. r,f;rgc affected, repealed or nrodified'., .:*]. rcstriction, srpra, so as to mandate'rr:) rlit-r, for jury service of thls [e, ,,u1,. nallely, betrveen lg and 2l years if.,i, l.cgislative acti

.,,",,.,. thc etigibilit, "; ]tdt:Hi:: :;,:t!\ 
A f Ollp.

'l l:t. L.rnitcd States Supreme Court in''trt,'t ct^el. i,. ltry Conmtission o1 Crrrn,' ir,r,.\', 396 L'.S. 320, gO S.Ct. SiA, Z+ i.i ,l -',1 S.19, observed:

.. 
" * * * It has long been acceptedthat rhe Constitution doei not f"r;i;;;

-\tates- to prescribe relevant qtralifica-

::?. .t"r their jurors. The States re_rnarrr free to confine the setection ,o .;,i
l.t,r,. ,o persons meeting specified quali_

,l:i:'"r. -of age and educationat attain-
i]lllll ",,0 to those possessing good intet-
;,:..',.., sound judgment, and fair char_u':"t' 'our dut)' to protect the fe<icral'': 'lrtutional rights of all doc-s not r)rciirl' irit or,_shsuld-inrpose on statcs ou:

Ftrrther obscrvations of the SuprerneCourt in Cortcr rr.ith referen.. ,o [ ,r, ;;:pra, although sonre rlay be parti,r".ut,'u..
not necessarl. to this opinion. m Uitit,.,t
States 2,. Olson, I Cir., 423 f..Zi OSO, 

'ii.
Cotrrt there made an obserr.ation ,.,fri.i .*.1.
think has application to de fendant,, rno,ior.

"In sum, there is no support in larv ortogic for the proposition-ihat ,i.li*,r,of jury service is a concomitant subsili_ary of the franchise. Accordingly, uereject appellant's contention tfrli tneTwenty-Sixth Amendment ;pro f".to
rendered unconstitutional the trventy_one
year minimum of 2g U.S.C. S fS6Sful(r)."

We. hold that $ 21, supra, of the Alabama
Looe, rs not abrogated or modified u,ith re_spect to the exclusion of persons under
twenty-one years of age from irry ,.rr;...'!ve quote pertinent observations of theEighth Circuit in Olson,supra;

"The true basis
nrzr\tcr Iist in this
;rllcgation th;rt thc

of a cl:;,llcrrgc to the
CasC n)u . .t On..the
conrJrillil: ,,i the list



788 Ala. i}T8 SOUTEEBN BEPOBTER, 2d SERIES

2.i, fo. exampte,i 
-:t' rro-/,, ar*t tl.l 

",,,1,.r: ,h. .;;;;;;"ri,,,,lll.,ii,i,],,

:te'xcluded an identifieht" ,s
group, to *i,, o..ronliable, 

communit)' not seern to us of ,,,,, t

i1ed#".".r',fTrii:[':'".x; ;; ;i; 1{:h**rtlffi 
'

:lt:t"t of the cornmur t:ch excluded ,.rr-.-
:'i' ::::h,*i:t#:I'$:fi::?:'Jr ""' i i"'" 

"i" oT"';"# J "J::."#H

ii:'l, t[ffi in: ln**:' i; :i,i-+ ;,,' ;;" r,,iijrffi
srnce a jury is ,..,n,1','11); 

;;;:;l cordinglv' .'e hold

"o,.cience "r._,i.."."ii.a 
ro.,.*p..r, ii. l;i!* t::*f;i}*ffi'{;i:,j;j,'iid:} ,#::'{i:;!,Tit';; : j:r, ",, .",,.,,#

;T"'.'.T,1T",I1.011,:, ".r,:1"1"I#l;' 
ft'i !l:llf6id:",'liq i'j,![i' 

i:T':i:11, ,'."J,':T*:::- "','l.io".nai iur rn harmonr. , - -l
lo,,,t:1,i1y., i;;";.:";;;:;;:,:: ;:,,;; 1;-1n.a ,ono;;;.",:,,,*'th ih. "fo,."q.Lo., 328 Ll.S. ZtZ. 22t

JJ I it;, l r,i :.r r?*, l; r^!!T i," :i !:i j*i* i,'*# ; [I; J' r :t i ffi io" *1i,.,,,];.::;'l-,^lhus. jrrries rnust ,.,1" lr.liriliiX'lll1_'n the motion ri
tematic 

"rJ lrr.,,i, 
serected ,without svs_ ,;o, oo..,no,,.r-j:":,rr, a.nd their cxch

. .substantiao,,.r-.*.ru.iofi :I; ;:T,:1:,1r,, .lfll::,, tr,. o.r.na.,,iT
,rurrir1, . 

--.-"'."' portion of the com- hearing;;; .ill,:"lt: "tlure 
to sranr r

o ; t h o,, t ."1I-i'1,1 1i",, ;"'ihi: 11 # :'?.j:- i.:' :l:"::: "' 
J' i'# l"':::"'5

ttature of the itrrv 
rlcc to the democratic

,*, * i.i,.,.,:li'o'J.".i'. Id., at 22o,

*:: "",",n"",.ii1',,il,; ;lil*lj . rzt ,rpp.u"u,-a.J"rroccss, 1'rlcrs t,. Kiff ,.r,,2-u i"ooJ'Xi ,r,"r'ir"'lfl^lrrant-defendant ne.\r as\,,bs.Ct zrt.r, ,: LIo}.I'd i',',rY;i ,rJ,l,,l,r_ ;:l;;'i",':11"::,,;i,i:,,,,i,,"a .,,o,,,,J

fig'.ffi.iiffi'fffi ;'::l ;:f ':"'',:*;il::d*llH

,. ff:il::'t;.r1'. or:lT,ti'e. q,restion i#{:i#i;. ,..-i'tri*T* *f
twerty compose 

", 
,.'5"d. -eighteen to 1.1.0,,:1".,t notes in t,i.-r,"u,r, u.hen he wu

ilil:',:i,i,"'Jr,#,#ii*i*fl.,', *,''i-[,it**#ii*jr, ;
#:,;-# :ll'ffi;i ;i,'t#,tyi:i fi;;'; il"l"i: i'o,.oo,,o,he cc. 

I

lrr thc inst:

,.,13* lr; hiS I

hc rlrtl r:ot re

r'-r rtllt ttl Rr

hr;r havc aPP

r',, nlr'rit itl d(

t.) rcr'cric l)Cc

t- orrler the iltr

I8 | l)c fe nd;
.h( t, i:rl court
,lc lcr:tl;rrtt's cot
1r(r(r'Cutfix. l\l
urfc uf the hon

i r:"r:tittcnlents

lrr ortltr to il.
' 'l: r)f tlrc part

r::r'cl f6r thc,
I r,.rr ict .\ttorrrc

,rr..rt lt.rrtIth f:

\tr. \\';rlkc
,(.1 \\ r,(.t) th(] p

i.r.t. ( orrrrt_r. <l

, .rl,t;rirr IIcrnr
rrr 'taking an r

>h:rrorr l:roney
u hilt' she rvas
ll,rs11l131 

"1 
pr,

,,r5 J7th, 1972,
\ tc\\' \t.as trans
;r(rcclllent of t
r lris casc and th
l, rvic$., sO tra!]
rn his hand u,h
rrrterrogate trIr_s
frorrr, orr the firs

".\lr. \,\r1;*1.,1 .

Iaring that the :

correct statemen
actualll, said to

"'f hc Court: I
I li:. statement
Lo*rt. ,..Iris--Itot-
',1. , rOr) Froney,

l:,,r1,11,1.g1- 
s1

ll";,'".;,:';xtli.i.$ ;l;*t# ***.'ii 
h;]! 

r#'*;r',;,i"':r
l':^,lr:.eightein ;;;'' 

trtan thev, that *-,,lli.in. ,;"i:;,,#r'1,r."/.,,11,,1r,,",# j
ate,a distin_c,,;;r;L'J;:?;ffi.1'?,;:t 

ll^1", 
,. o,0., 

"-*l,nc'ss to permir dcrcr& ;

::i i# iT 
:!ii 

{ i : :ii -;}::,, 
" ;ii'ii il: :, :;:';:1,, ::.'J,'i*, i,,1"1t,, i,,,,ir,,,'

]l'-,I:,1 1.,;;.;'1,*.,.';;J:il'l;ll..ri i ,,,11:,1,r,1..,. 
,,.,a,-'i,,".,r,r,rrr rrr *_

riurri,ii tcstif-virrg.

]I



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CONNEIJL v. STATE
Cite ns 3!8 So.3(l ?82

Ala. 789ignificancc.
rly specula-

outlosk e1
rc differot
fcw yerrr

ited Sht.r,
9i5). Ac.
'sons aged

r identifir.
ch rendcn
f the corrr.

Fifth rnd

aforcsrta,
r and 01.

ersons ol
rotion ut
eir exctu.

ant'g tno
c grant I
reversiblr

overrulc

asrcrtr

rr in rt
ec nol.r
rd irt hrr

ninatioo.

rB,6
ic thial
witrrcrr

hc ru
did d
rncr nF

hilc r
hc cr

'alcr lO

it ra
r oldd
;cfcrl
fr

hinr
rhr+

In the instant case, the witness had the testified that she was ,nder sedation on.ores in his hands but as rve have stated, January 27, rg72, at the time that state_he did not refer to them. The discretion- ment \\.as taken; that it was a statement:rr1' rtrlc in Robirson, supra, *'ourd at reast by her; ;t *a, notes and memorandahere havc application if no more. There is made by the Sheriff.
n() tnerit in defendant,s insistence of error
to reverse because the trial court refused "Mt. Walker: As I understand it, it
ro order the inspection. was what she said, taped by the man.

r Irr.

li t8l Defendant next insistence is that
J rhc trial court erred in refusing to allorv
[ ,lc fcrrdant's counsel to cross_examine the

I l,rosccutrix, I\Irs. Froney_the surviving
i rrifc of the homicide victim, regarding hei
U l,rior statenlents.

ln order to insure accuracy of a stipula-
r!(,lt of the parties and a colloquy betrveen
( rllurscl for thc defendant, nlr, Walker, the
Itr.lrict r\ttorney and thc trial court, u.e
,iil, 

'rc ;tt lerrgth front the transcript :

"llr. \\/alker: It is stiprrlatcd by ancl
l'('l\\ ecn the parties that the Sherif f of
l.t.t ('ounty did participate, alorrg rvith
( ;rl)rlir) IIerman Chapman, and others,
rrr'taking an oral statement fronr trIrs.
5hrrron Froney by tape rccording device,
rr hile she rvas in the East Tallapoosa
llospital at Dadeville, Alabama, on i"nu_:rr1 2z-th, 1972, and that that taped inter_
\ rc\\' \r.as transcribed and furnished, by
;rKrccnteltt of the parties, to corrnsel in
this casc and that this was

n Froney
tr()n), or.r the firsld_ay qf1!e trial.

-harorr Froney, 
"rd .h.' t..tif i.,i-,i,1,+

;:Slf{er _l it and. no'er re;r,I rt

, 
".\lr.-Wright: Now, we arc not stipu-

latrng that the statement as typed, is acorrect statement insofar as to tvhat sheactrrally said to them.

, 
"Thc Court: Let the record show that

;i:'' statement was examined by the

:,,]1,r,. It is not signed by I\Irs. Frone1.,

"The Court, W.tt, it was still the
notes and memoranda by the Sheriff,
rather than a statement, in the opinion
of this Court.

"i\Ir. Wright: .Of course, I_u,ould.lifte
thc record to sho$, that there arc things
ntentioned in that u.riting, in that ,n._i_
randum, that are not the statement of
I\Irs. Sharon Frone1,.

"The Court: That,s trrre.

"The Court: The Court rvould not
permit the defcrrdant to cross-exanrinc
frorrr this statenlent which has becn re_
ferred to, due to the fact that it rr.as
notes or nrenroran<,la rnade by the Sherif f
and that the statenrcnt was not signed b1,
t\'Irs. Froncl- and he said that .t. t 

"anever scen the statement and never read
it, and the Court cited trvo cases at that
time, llabry :.'ersus Stotc, L40 Ala.App.

129,) 110 So.2d 250; cert. den., t268 AIa.
660,1 ll0 So.2d 260. The other case
being Parkcr ?ersils S/ale, ancl I u,ill sup-
ply the Court Reporter with that book aid
page [26 Ala. 63.] 9t So.2d 209|,

r\s rve read the record, defendant,s coun_
sel was not undertaking to introduce the
transcription or any of the notes in evi_
dence, but was tr.ving r^ elieit frem the
witngss certain statements appearing.in the

-transcription and to refresh her recollec_
tion.

We pretermit deciding that the defend-
ant having laid the proper predicate, as he
did, u,ould not have been entitled to offer
irrrpeaching cvidence by the officers as to
s'hat the witness told thenr. f-hc tran-
scription, although not signed .Ll the u.ir.

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.rllcr it \\'as transcril)cd. Shc frrn lr,