Defendants' Memorandum Brief on Motion for Preliminary Injunction; Sworn Statement of Gycelle Tynes

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A AMCRALA E ale HOOL BOARD, 

Fahd Uk 

The primary issue before the court at this time is 

whether it should now issue 2 preliminary and temporary 

injunction order whereby defendants woul 

restrained and enjoins S00 of the 

races in any school under their supervision, im and after 

such time as way De necessary to 8 

admission of children to such schools on a racially non~ 

discriminatory basis with all deliberate gd, a8 required 

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to submit to the court, within a time to be 

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an immediate start in the desegregation of the schools of 

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the Clarksdale Municipal Separate | 

gi such dessve in the affirmative Should the court wy,
 

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with particular attention (a) to the time which will be given 

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thie Order. MNOSt Of this meémorandus 

brief will be devoted to the principles and rules to be taken 

into consideration in determining such corollary issues. 

temporary injunction sought by plaintiffs will not, as plain- 

a & 

tiffs seem to argue in thelr me 

nat will come after a hearing of the case on its merits, 

when such factual and legal issues defendants raise in their 

m2 AB ye " g | fn -_ oe oy ie a 4 a wy 9 % 4 £ Go Jo F ERR LL arn 4 pleadings will be passed on by the court, As the Court of 

Appeals for the Fifth Circuit said in Evers v. Jackeon Munici- 

pal Separate School District, 328 FP, (24) 408 A
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And Gaines v. Dougherty County Boaxé of Education, £42 
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op £5 vies gt % Ba Hn ne Pra ae anid a8 P. Supp. 166 (1363), wherxein it was said 

# & ® The oy a 8 bop wi Fy ich WW % app ¥ we h 4 & 

tO bring about an orxderiy anc elilegtive trans pition 

Ql & FHECLELLY HEU TeUAated systom TO 4 Xa Welally 

non~segregated system, faking into aggount the gon- 

deh exist An the gommunity. 

Thus we see that this court, in fashioning its prelimi 

nagy and temporary injunction order, must -- and shoulg -- 

take into conesidersatior problems to the Clarksdale 

Bun ic Cae ipa i 3 wai Sapar & 4 & ols 500 a AA & + Xai i » wi 8 &Yy bi id Tile SOUrt % & 

including the Supreme Court of the United States. 

THE TIME ELBERT, BOTH FOR THE FREBEVTATION OF 

THE PLAN AND AS IT AFFECTS THE RBAINING TERMS 

OF THE PRELIMINARY IHJUBCTION ORDER, ARE r— 

THE MATTERS WHICH SHOULD BE DETERMINED in 4 

LIGHT OF TEE FROBLEMS YE PULIAR TOU THE CLARKS ~ 

DALE KRURICIE AL SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT ® 

é £5, 04 on 8 ap I § a S08 anc ain & 28 20 - y site dhe fa é Tn an 
One of the matters tO Se deglidad Ly THe COUrt As tae 

Ah sich CelonGancts wiii O68 I@ ud Lea ol PE Een ¥ Aes WILE Tod ad 

wilii Cone within the daeiinition OL "& Prop anc 3 reasonable 

start towards full compliance” with the requirements of Brown. a 

As we have geen, the decision should be made in the light of 

& 

the problems peculiar tv the Clarksdale Municipal Separate 

School District, 



"Ho plan or basis for general rearrangement 

of an entire local school system should be required 

by this or any court without affording to both the 

school authorities and the public ample time for 

consideration and discussion of alternatives. The 

arbitrazy, hasty, and premature imposition of a 

plan would defeat the intended purpose and would 

greate confusion, and impair the educational pro- 

cass for all pupils.” 

And -- what with the local problems facing the defendants 

in meeting the requirements of Brown ~~ the decision with re- 

spect to the time elements of the order should, in oux opinion, 

take into consideration the fact that the Fifth Circuit Court 

of Appeals stated in Calhoun v. latimex, 321 F. (24) 320, that 

gradualism is an accepted mode of bringing about desegregation. 

And, above all, it should be remembered that Brown itself 

permits a district court, if the facts of the case justify it, 

to grant additional time to carry out the ruling in an effeg~ 

tive manner, once a start is made in the direction called for 

by the Supreme Court. 

The most pertinent cases on this subject, are, of course, 

the cases dealing with school districts located in Mississippi, 

particularly the Jackson, Biloxi and Leake County cases, In 

the opinion of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in those 

k 1 
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" + + « Upon remand, pending disposition of 

gr al oT pus an 4 4 $8 gd 25 &v ie &- Bn, a Ey .® J ow, Ob ys Be 

each of the merits, it will be the CQuily OL the 

Wal oy kX ove 9 Sie? po i vse ¥ xo 2 BR | Lah by (3.44 | Ww Li x & t & Ff] % a 

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the pending motions of appellants for preliminary 

injunctions, [5
 

 
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v. Savannah-Chatham County Boa; pd of Education, wd 

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The v Sg SEal E€iLi@s A fo O86 o& A » oe Rw ded May y & & pi 

363, was an order which required the Savannah~-Chatham Cour 

to submit to the Distriet Court not iater 

than July 1, 1963, a plan under wh. the Board proposes to 

make an immediate start in the desegregation of £f the schools 

of Bavannah-Chatham County, which plan had to include a 

statement that the maintenance of separate schools for the 

Hegro and white children of Savannah would be coup ietaly 

ended with respect to at least one grade during the school 

year commencing September, 1963, and with respect To at 

least one additional grade each school year thereafter. 

4 SLEGARNECE LO LE ai Foot ions Of Lo 

Court of Appeals in Evers, Judge Sidney Mize, in March © ee apt SA 

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District should be given ample time and opportunity for 

study, discussion and consideration of alternatives. One 

is the public opposition to the aims and objectives of 

plaintiffs. While defendants recognize that the courts 

have said that public opposition and even actual or threatened 

viclence or disorders constitute no legal basis for delaying 

the handing down of an order such as is sought herein, it is 

recognized that the existence of such public opposition should 

be taken into consideration when the time elements necessarily 

inherent in such an order are being determined by the court. 

Mapp v. Board of Education of City of Chattanooga, 203 F, 

Supp. 843. 

Everything considered, defendants submit that the Board 

of Trustees of the Clarksdale Municipal Separate School Dis- 

trict should be given not less than the time given the 

defendants in the Jackson, Biloxi and Leake County cases to 

submit the plan prayed for in plaintiffs’ motion, and that 

the terms of the order should be no more stringent than the 

terms of the orders in those cases. 

Respectful submitted, 

hdaress: 121 Yazoo Avenue 
Clarksdale, Mississippi 

V4 F 4 
A 

aa) 
Address: Stéveys Building 

Clarksdale, Midsissippi 

ATTORNEYS FOR DEFENDANTS 



CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 

I, SEMMES LUCKETT, do hereby certify that I have mailed, 

postage prepaid, a true copy of the foregoing DEFENDANTS 

MEMORANDUM BRIEF ON PLAINTIFFS' MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNC- 

TION to each of the following: 

R. JESS BROWN 

125% N, FARISH STREET 

Jackson, Mississippi 

JACK GREENBERG 

CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY 

DERRICK A. BELL 

10 Columbus Circle 

New York 19, New York 

JS  SEMMES LUCKETT, ATTORNEY 



SWORN STATEMENT OF CGYCELLE TYNES, SUPERINTENDENT 

OF SCHOOLS OF THE CILARKSDALE MUNICIPAL 

SEPARATE SCHOOL DISTRICT 

While it is true that among the schools of the Clarks- 

dale Municipal Separate School District, there is no school 

attended by members of both the white race and the Negro race, 

it is also true that the Negro school pupils of the School 

District are being given a superior education. The schools 

of the School District attended by them have all been given 

an AA rating by the State Accrediting Commission. The ele~ 

mentary schools of the S8choel District attended by white pupils 

have but an A rating. And it is the further considered opinion 

of affiant that the schools of the School District attended by 

Negro pupils are superior in all respects to most of the public 

schools of Mississippi attended by white pupils. 

The Board of Trustees of the Clarksdale Municipal Sep~ 

arate School District has done its best to conduct the schools 

of the School District in the best interest of all the pupils 

of the School District, both Negro and white. It has not 

heretofore maintained attendance areas, as such, within the 

School District. It has reguired each and every child desiring 

to attend a school of the School District to apply for a 

temporary assignment to a school within the School District. 

After the applications are in, each applicant is then tempo-~ 

rarily assigned to a school within the School District, with 

the right to protect such temporary assignment or request a 

change therein. In making such assignments, consideration 

is given to the educational needs of the welfare of the child 



involved, the welfare and best interest of all the pupils 

attending the school or schools involved, the availability 

of school facilities, sanitary conditions and facilities at 

the school or schools involved, health and moral factors at 

the school or schools, and in the community involved, and 

all other factors which are pertinent, relevant or material 

in their effect on the welfare and best interest of the 

School District and the particular school or schools involved. 

In reviewing any such protest or request for a change in 

assignment, the person filing the same has the right to 

appear and present evidence in support thereof. Any protest 

or request for a change in assignment is determined by the 

Board of Trustees of the Clarksdale Municipal Separate School 

District on the basis of whether it is well taken and sup- 

ported by the evidence. Not a single one of the minor 

custody of a minor plaintiff, has protested any temporary or 

permanent assignment of a minor plaintiff. The assignments 

thus made have been to the best interests of the pupils 

assigned and to the best interest of the schools of the 

School District. 

Plaintiffs, as they have stated in their complaint, 

have not sought to utilize the provisions of the State Pupil 

Assignment Act of 1954. Had they made application thereunder, 

their applications would necessarily have resulted, in the 

light of the criteria to be considered in passing upon such 

applications, in the assignments of the minor plaintiffs to 



the schools of the School District to which they were as- 

signed. 

Affiant and the Board of Trustees of the Clarksdale 

Municipal Separate School District have seen to it that 

budgets relating to the operation of the schools of the 

School District do not contain racial designations, that 

new construction plans are not based upon the continuance 

of a bi-racial system of schools and that the funds appro- 

priated and expended in the operation of the schools of the 

School District are not appropriated and expended separately 

for Negro schools and separately for white schools. They have 

begun a study looking towards the establishment of attendance 

zones for the School District, applicable to white pupils 

and Negro pupils alike. The problems involved therein and 

in making the transition from the school system heretofore 

legal under the separate but equal doctrine to the school 

~~ 

system called for in Brown v. Board o 
I SSS 

Education of Topeka, 

349 U, 8, 294, 75 8, Ct. 753, 99 L. Ed, 1083, are many, 

varied and terribly complex, and it will be impossible for 

affiant and said Board to study, discuss and consider the 

many facts relating thereto, and to come to a conclusion 

with respect to them, in less time than four months, If 

given less time, the pressures under which affiant and said 

Board will have to work in attempting to solve the terxibly 

complex problems involved in such transition will be such 

that the aim and object of the court's order will be de- 

feated thereby. 



It f
o
i
e
 

1]
 a fact that there is strong public opposition to 

£
 

the desegregation of the schools of the Clarksdale Municipal 

Separate School Pistrict. No public official of Clarksdale 

and no community leadership of the community supports such 

9 

a change from the way in which the schools of the School 

District have always been operated. All activities of the 

community are conducted on a segregated basis, which means, 

£ course, that the people of the community have had ne 

experience with bi-racial activities, such as have the citi- 

zens of most of the communities which have been involved in 

desegregation suits. What is proposed in the complaint will 

be terribly difficult to bring about in Clarksdale, Missis~- 

sippi. 

The only schools operated by the Joint Board of Trustees, 

composed of the members of the Board of Trustees of the 

Clarksdale Municipal Separate School District and the members 

of the Board of Trustees of the Coahoma County School Board, 

is the Clarksdale~Coahoma Junior High School and the Clarks~ 

dale~Coahoma Senior High School. The contract for the joint 

operation of those schools expires at the end of the 1964- 

1965 school session, if not renewed prior to that time. 

Dated: June 15, 1964. 

/ / 

Sworn to and subscribed before me, by GYCELLE TYNES, 

on this 15th day of June, 1964. 

NOTARY PUBLIC IN AND/FOR 
COAHOMA COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI 

AV commission exXplres Jdilualy a4, 1JU [||89ad38aa-8c62-4ec5-9212-e528c9469390||]