Gingles v. Edmisten and Pugh v. Hunt Notice of Motion for Preliminary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Order (Rule 65, Fed. Rules of Civil Procedure)
Public Court Documents
April 29, 1982

Cite this item
-
Case Files, Thornburg v. Gingles Working Files - Guinier. Excerpts from the Senate Report (Episodic Barriers), 1982. c96ca17e-dc92-ee11-be37-6045bdeb8873. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/6809b7e8-1e26-45e7-a26b-448dca71d525/excerpts-from-the-senate-report-episodic-barriers. Accessed August 19, 2025.
Copied!
?f .to-tt t n.r.4p. tfi-fl f. l'{ [p. ti tl z? ( p.zob) gErrait A";"n re*rr-qr*U^W"W Rqe Soth th. Bourc rnd 8.natc bclrlnl rcco?di eootrlnaltfftl6 lol dtnkr .ltuttt,.fo Efiltbortir DrrtlclDrtton. lneludldnt pbyrl(tl vl6l.hl. ,nd lpflmldi. 1i|;; o(ioia; anA-ernOtOrtcr. dtrcilEln.iort mrnlOuhtlotr oFwtiFrr. Rr.drttrtlo!-FE'UIIF Iiatien,i iuilnioiiotrn- cbansint th. locrtlon of pollllna Dlieer lnd lotlrteneG on r* 'iiiiGi'ii-ijnidiiilnirouii ini miirtiitton hotrrr. Eoua. R.m?t No. n?-22?._nD.. I!-4. rnd i;e;H;-;;i;;-iiii sinia-fuliaiii Sutconmttt* oa th. eoritltntlon br Rtrth J. Eln.?- iiii.-priitaini.-L-ail {t( Women vdten. J.nurr t, ,lge2 rt lt lnd Lrtt6 co'hmlttts H*l*i{r*iii$qi.'*111"'i'IlTlt:t'.:;lffii1x['i1'rl'fi1':ff'8ffi df$l!i':,1i"ifi[: iiio -ntroi-.-Ltniifr 2, tet2 at 2-? vllmr u.rtlo.r' b"to?. ttc Eoula Judlclrt, Subg Elttc. on Clrll rDd CoBrtltutlonrl nl8bt!, JuD. 18. 1981, tt l8?8, ft0t ("Eoort bErlDn") (Dolltna phe6,: Iloup Hc.?lDt!. tdtlEony o, RolaEdo Rlo!. Mrt 6, lgEl rt {2 (ItrtlEl: dittoni:-tbc Scaatr. h?irlDar-tatlEoDy ol VllEr llrrtlo€z. JtDui?y 27, let2. at 5-6 (D{rslnr). Clrll Rtibtr CoEElulon Beport. Thc CoEElralon !ct! out nuEriou! atrEpld dl ru-ehlbpcolmcnti to Dlaorlty cudldit.! rDd tb"tr rupnortcrr (Dp. 50-Cl): harltaE.Et rod htlmldrtloo Io r.llrtrrtloD (o"- 22-211: purtlog rDd mr.Blstrrtloa (27-2,,l; DolllDa Dhccr (20-31 ; rnd brr.um.ut and lntlEldatloa lD votlDr (3135). the tio of ihe iLne Erp or cne broadly from i -*.*str;atr'wcrsrEE-iifr nft 'flnrrroff yorets_-r.,oeneeE6EG-','ili ,::H:?Xffi: ffi ploin-tTfrts could.show n varietv of fuctot's' oe- E"[ff;T;;';[f"6{i ";;''i'r"' i'*l'ii'"' "' p"o""dure colled into I quesfrorL ?' 77b (W zo*e] MVWZbnmzr, ond their Proggny dealt rith elfurcl svstem feetuies such as at-lorge elections, mejority vote requirements ahd districtins Dlans. Howevei, Section 2 rcmains the meior strtutory "-tiUiiio" ofail vr*in*+ichts discriminotion. It also prohibits prrc' fil;-;fi ;ii. -*[ii6pi#aiDnd not involvin g permanenc str-uclural barriers. rcsult in |hedciriffof equrl scces to any phasc of the elector- /-t --- - . l- t---:,-^-:.-- -..^ -^-L^-'ol process for minority nroup members.- fi til.t 4!"Eg"q {rEctici, t 1.".*: to s.ugh. a series,of ev^ents glgt: sodes, thtffi-E5uffidient to establish a violati.on Egidic&.rr-r'e*s 3- ?.63 Lyv zzl -, (pzzD --Thobailoutprorisionarsi--requirestlruar jrisuicd6i-undertake posrtyogteps: , I P eliminate intimidation lnd harassment of minoritv votens-,, I :: :IL1ll^gppoguniries f_or minority pa"ti.ipil-ion;.'"nI*'-', ro eriminate voting procedurcs ana rireiroas i[i.tr'inlii'it ",I dilute equal cccess 6'rh;;";;;i;r;;*. Beyond the outricht elimination of discriminatorv bariers. the ao- t..r lnaf,e ure eontinued efiects of mony yeors of discrimination in order to be reliev-ed of special obligrriiohs under the Act. the Supreme Court found it appropriate fgr' Co-rlgryss "to,counte#,he ieroeiuatio!=olg6 p.5..l f-_'..Befoqg a ffin r coverags. it should eliminotsdrerrmudory.vot$s nro-cedures on4 methods-of election which deny €qu8l pccess to tJ'e electoral proces* Thb does not mesn thet, minoritiesnrustlrave been elected in plroportion to cheir nu.u"".. LuC6"i, ilit *f"$;""ruff*unity io pericipate on * A;Jili"*;ilf, ;;- rn. determining whether proeedurce or methods qnhibit or dilute equar. rccet8 -to_ths electoral proeesg" thc strnderd to bc used is the trsults test of w llitc. rn other words, che tpst would be the same as thatfor a chcllenge brought under Seciib" z Li ttre votinc Rishd AJ:-;. 3mencl91l by. thc committee bill, except that the burden"of Sroor -oiiaDo on. the lunsdtction eeking to boil out. As discussed under the amondment to section 2 of the Act, the whitc stendsrd is one with f.! _:\ tl".,yy*t l1e fg gdlb&snt i"triA nas ueei- .t. "ni.a{i;*toeqgrderable [trgation.r yeErs_of pervrsile loting discriminotionJ City ol Rame v. Eliminate and lfa iolenee prone 'igilante or para-miritary'-organizations. hate groups and other meanso.f phvsieal intimidationl,* It is ;;;"i"r;l"r rcha.+ ^r --_. :.-_:_r:-;lJl';'H'"i*xl*:::"1:'^l:.':il6ii.di"fi::;l?H!Tl*?*: l';Li'H}""""1PllT"*,,?iTi:^t:'Itri*fr fi;#;;;'*Hl,"iil;paftieipetion in the p.trtr9glfEg._ss, p.s't (pp z3z - il ffffiment thet rhe politiool-and election be "equally open to par ses leading to nomination ion by the goup in ques- to Ecis@rins and votinc.tion" extends beyond fdrmilorolfici The rcrson for the rei{ili.tm-"n-of constEi"e "tevident. particularlv at i time of ,.n"*.d e;;;;"" , Q-'sa&' Eo-;o.:. 3 P'{f Lrtl Other Constnrctivu Efiorts tunitv for minoritv oarticioaiion fnir statnte listi i,wo of'the most likelv channels for such efiorts: (l) enhanced ooportunitv for rcqisrrrtioi: and (2) the appointrnent of mrnonw er&cron ofrcrars tnirrranorrr- r.np rrrrrqrffiiititGrti? tive rssistrotion practiceiand procedures, such as restriatod hours ud locatio"ns for recistrstion. duof rpcigtrati6n practices, and discrimine' tory rcregistration rcquifuments,-which contqlg to €rigc tlmughout through tu" tppoiif,' ment-of deputy rcgistrars who ore prcscnt at locations accesibte rc | , minoritv ciiizeirs. o-fferins evenins arid wekend recistmrion hourq or I providiiq patcard rcci;Etion.bth"r eramplesif curdrnctive ef' lf iorts incfude eppointming of minority citi4ns as deputy registrpra or I pollworkers, oi -othcr oftcials, thcrcliy iadicrting to .mlngrlty g1guq I mcmbers that they ero eucourrged to ptrttcipste rn the Pouucd I PTOeSE