Gingles v. Edmisten and Pugh v. Hunt Notice of Motion for Preliminary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Order (Rule 65, Fed. Rules of Civil Procedure)

Public Court Documents
April 29, 1982

Gingles v. Edmisten and Pugh v. Hunt Notice of Motion for Preliminary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Order (Rule 65, Fed. Rules of Civil Procedure) preview

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  • Case Files, Thornburg v. Gingles Working Files - Guinier. Excerpts from the Senate Report (Episodic Barriers), 1982. c96ca17e-dc92-ee11-be37-6045bdeb8873. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/6809b7e8-1e26-45e7-a26b-448dca71d525/excerpts-from-the-senate-report-episodic-barriers. Accessed August 19, 2025.

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iiio -ntroi-.-Ltniifr 2, tet2 at 2-? vllmr u.rtlo.r' b"to?. ttc Eoula Judlclrt, Subg
Elttc. on Clrll rDd CoBrtltutlonrl nl8bt!, JuD. 18. 1981, tt l8?8, ft0t ("Eoort bErlDn")
(Dolltna phe6,: Iloup Hc.?lDt!. tdtlEony o, RolaEdo Rlo!. Mrt 6, lgEl rt {2 (ItrtlEl:
dittoni:-tbc Scaatr. h?irlDar-tatlEoDy ol VllEr llrrtlo€z. JtDui?y 27, let2. at 5-6
(D{rslnr). Clrll Rtibtr CoEElulon Beport. Thc CoEElralon !ct! out nuEriou! atrEpld
dl ru-ehlbpcolmcnti to Dlaorlty cudldit.! rDd tb"tr rupnortcrr (Dp. 50-Cl): harltaE.Et
rod htlmldrtloo Io r.llrtrrtloD (o"- 22-211: purtlog rDd mr.Blstrrtloa (27-2,,l; DolllDa
Dhccr (20-31 ; rnd brr.um.ut and lntlEldatloa lD votlDr (3135).

the tio of ihe iLne Erp or cne
broadly from i

-*.*str;atr'wcrsrEE-iifr nft 'flnrrroff yorets_-r.,oeneeE6EG-','ili 
,::H:?Xffi:

ffi ploin-tTfrts could.show n varietv of fuctot's' oe-

E"[ff;T;;';[f"6{i ";;''i'r"' i'*l'ii'"' "' p"o""dure colled into

I quesfrorL

?'

77b 
(W zo*e]

MVWZbnmzr, ond their Proggny dealt rith elfurcl
svstem feetuies such as at-lorge elections, mejority vote requirements
ahd districtins Dlans. Howevei, Section 2 rcmains the meior strtutory

"-tiUiiio" 
ofail vr*in*+ichts discriminotion. It also prohibits prrc'

fil;-;fi ;ii. 
-*[ii6pi#aiDnd not involvin g permanenc str-uclural

barriers. rcsult in |hedciriffof equrl scces to any phasc of the elector-
/-t --- - . l- t---:,-^-:.-- 

-..^ 
-^-L^-'ol process for minority nroup members.- fi til.t 4!"Eg"q {rEctici, t 1.".*: to s.ugh. a series,of ev^ents glgt:

sodes, thtffi-E5uffidient to establish a violati.on



Egidic&.rr-r'e*s 3-

?.63 Lyv zzl -,

(pzzD

--Thobailoutprorisionarsi--requirestlruar jrisuicd6i-undertake
posrtyogteps:

, I P eliminate intimidation lnd harassment of minoritv votens-,, I :: :IL1ll^gppoguniries f_or minority pa"ti.ipil-ion;.'"nI*'-', ro eriminate voting procedurcs ana rireiroas i[i.tr'inlii'it 
",I dilute equal cccess 6'rh;;";;;i;r;;*.

Beyond the outricht elimination of discriminatorv bariers. the ao-
t..r lnaf,e ure
eontinued efiects of mony yeors of discrimination in order to be
reliev-ed of special obligrriiohs under the Act. the Supreme Court
found it appropriate fgr' Co-rlgryss "to,counte#,he ieroeiuatio!=olg6

p.5..l

f-_'..Befoqg a ffin r coverags. it should eliminotsdrerrmudory.vot$s nro-cedures on4 methods-of election which deny
€qu8l pccess to tJ'e electoral proces* Thb does not mesn thet, minoritiesnrustlrave been elected in plroportion to cheir nu.u"".. LuC6"i, ilit
*f"$;""ruff*unity io pericipate on * A;Jili"*;ilf, ;;-

rn. determining whether proeedurce or methods qnhibit or dilute
equar. rccet8 

-to_ths electoral proeesg" thc strnderd to bc used is the
trsults test of w llitc. rn other words, che tpst would be the same as thatfor a chcllenge brought under Seciib" z Li ttre votinc Rishd AJ:-;.
3mencl91l by. thc committee bill, except that the burden"of Sroor -oiiaDo on. the lunsdtction eeking to boil out. As discussed under the
amondment to section 2 of the Act, the whitc stendsrd is one with
f.! _:\ tl".,yy*t l1e fg gdlb&snt i"triA nas ueei- .t. "ni.a{i;*toeqgrderable [trgation.r

yeErs_of pervrsile loting discriminotionJ City ol Rame v.

Eliminate and lfa

iolenee prone

'igilante or para-miritary'-organizations. hate groups and other meanso.f phvsieal intimidationl,* It is ;;;"i"r;l"r rcha.+ ^r --_. :.-_:_r:-;lJl';'H'"i*xl*:::"1:'^l:.':il6ii.di"fi::;l?H!Tl*?*:
l';Li'H}""""1PllT"*,,?iTi:^t:'Itri*fr fi;#;;;'*Hl,"iil;paftieipetion in the p.trtr9glfEg._ss,

p.s't (pp z3z - il

ffffiment thet rhe politiool-and 
election be "equally open to par

ses leading to nomination
ion by the goup in ques-
to Ecis@rins and votinc.tion" extends beyond fdrmilorolfici

The rcrson for the rei{ili.tm-"n-of constEi"e 
"tevident. particularlv at i time of ,.n"*.d e;;;;"" ,



Q-'sa&'
Eo-;o.:. 3

P'{f Lrtl Other Constnrctivu Efiorts

tunitv for minoritv oarticioaiion
fnir statnte listi i,wo of'the most likelv channels for such efiorts:

(l) enhanced ooportunitv for rcqisrrrtioi: and (2) the appointrnent
of mrnonw er&cron ofrcrars tnirrranorrr- r.np rrrrrqrffiiititGrti?

tive rssistrotion practiceiand procedures, such as restriatod hours ud
locatio"ns for recistrstion. duof rpcigtrati6n practices, and discrimine'
tory rcregistration rcquifuments,-which contqlg to €rigc tlmughout

through tu" tppoiif,'
ment-of deputy rcgistrars who ore prcscnt at locations accesibte rc |

, minoritv ciiizeirs. o-fferins evenins arid wekend recistmrion hourq or I
providiiq patcard rcci;Etion.bth"r eramplesif curdrnctive ef' lf
iorts incfude eppointming of minority citi4ns as deputy registrpra or I
pollworkers, oi -othcr oftcials, thcrcliy iadicrting to .mlngrlty g1guq I
mcmbers that they ero eucourrged to ptrttcipste rn the Pouucd 

I
PTOeSE

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