Police Journal Excerpt

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Police

POLICE
Criminal Invastlgatlon #  Polica Intarnal Affairs #  Police Management #  Police 
Organization #  Police Patrol Function •  Police Resource Allocation •  Police 
Traffic Function

DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE THROUGH SNI ORDER 
FORM

NCJ-57163 COMMUNITY CONCERN — POLICE USE OF 
DEADLY FORCE. R. N. BRENNER and M. KRAVITZ, Eds.
NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE. 98 p, 
1979.
Sponsoring Agency: U S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, LAW EN­
FORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMIN, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 
LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE.
Contract Number: Contract: J-LEAA-023-77.
PAPERS GIVEN AT THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BLACK 
LAW ENFORCEMENT EXECUTIVES (NOBLE) WORKSHOP ON 
POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE ARE PRESENTED, AS WELL 
AS STATEMENTS BY JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS AND A 
LITERATURE REVIEW. THE WORKSHOP, SPONSORED BY THE 
COMMUNITY RELATIONS SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 
JUSTICE, BEGINS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF NOBLE AND PRES­
ENTATION OF 11 RESOLUTIONS CONCERNING THE RESTRIC­
TION AND CONTROL OF POLICE AGENCY POLICY ON THE USE 
OF DEADLY FORCE. THE PAPERS FROM THE NOBLE CONFER­
ENCE DISCUSSED THE ISSUE FROM SEVERAL PERSPECTIVES. 
THE NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE 
OF BLACK LAWYERS MAINTAINS THAT POLICE LAWLESSNESS 
IS WIDESPREAD AND FALLS PARTICULARLY ON BLACK CITI­
ZENS (THIS INCLUDES BEATINGS, ILLEGAL SEARCHES, HA­
RASSMENT, AND MURDER ON THE STREET); HE PROPOSES 
STRATEGIES FOR INVOLVING CITIZENS IN POLICE DISCIPLIN­
ARY AND REVIEW BOARD MECHANISMS. A CLERGYMAN DIS­
CUSSES HOW FEAR OF CRIME IN THE WHITE COMMUNITY IN 
THE U.S. CREATES WHITE SUPPORT FOR MINIMAL REGULA­
TION OF POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE AND INCREASES 
THE EXISTING STRAINS IN BLACK-WHITE RELATIONS. A 
POLICE CHIEF FROM WASHINGTON STATE LINKS POLICE 
POLICY ON DEADLY FORCE TO OLD ENGLISH COMMON LAW, 
RECOMMENDS REVISION OF SUCH POLICIES, AND CALLS FOR 
A CHANGE IN POLICE AUTHORITARIAN ATTITUDES, BEGIN­
NING WITH TOP MANAGEMENT. TWO ADDITIONAL PAPERS AD­
DRESS THE NEED FOR CLEAR, UNAMBIGUOUS POLICE POLICY 
WHICH SETS SPECIFIC MINIMUM LIMITS ON THE USE OF 
DEADLY FORCE. A FINAL PAPER REVIEWS STUDIES CON­
DUCTED IN THE 1970'S WHICH REFUTE THE BELIEF THAT LAW 
ENFORCEMENT IS AN EXTREMELY PERILOUS OCCUPATION 
AND SHOW THAT BLACKS ARE MORE LIKELY THAN WHITES 
TO BE KILLED BY POLICE. THE CONCERNS OF THE DEPART­
MENT OF JUSTICE ARE HIGHLIGHTED IN STATEMENTS BY THE

ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL AND TWO OTHER OFFICIALS 
WHO DISCUSS DEADLY FORCE AND CITE RESEARCH PRIOR­
ITIES. THE FINAL SECTION IS A LITERATURE REVIEW THAT 
SUMMARIZES 15 MAJOR RESEARCH STUDIES. THE STUDIES 
CONCUR THAT BLACKS AND HISPANICS ARE FATAL VICTIMS 
OF POLICE SHOOTINGS IN EXCESS OF THEIR PROPORTION 
OF THE POPULATION. GENERALLY THE STUDIES FOUND THAT 
LEGAL ACTION IS USUALLY NOT TAKEN IN POLICE SHOOTING 
INCIDENTS AND THAT RESTRICTIVE POLICIES ACCOMPANIED 
BY STRONG ENFORCEMENT ARE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING 
THE NUMBER OF POLICE SHOOTINGS. REFERENCES AND AN 
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE PROVIDED.
FREE FROM NCJRS: Check Order No. 02

DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE THROUGH OTHER 
SOURCES

NCJ-54064 POLICE CIVIL LIABILITY-NEGLIGENT OPERATION OF 
MOTOR VEHICLES. By G. KIRKHAM and J. D. WHITE. BAY STATE 
FILM PRODUCTIONS. 1978.

Supplemental Note: 30 MINUTES. 16MM COLOR, 1978 RENTAL ALSO 
AVAILABLE CONTACT DISTRIBUTOR FOR SPECIAL DISCOUNT.
THIS TRAINING FILM ON POLICE CIVIL LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENT OP­
ERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES DISCUSSES RESPONSIBLE DRIVING IN 
BOTH EMERGENCY AND ROUTINE SITUATIONS. APPROXIMATELY 400- 
500 PEOPLE A YEAR ARE KILLED IN ACCIDENTS INVOLVING POLICE VE­
HICLES. LAWSUiTS RESULTING FROM THESE ACCIDENTS ARE A 
GREAT EXPENSE TO POLICE DEPARTMENTS AND TO THE INDIVIDUAL 
OFFICERS INVOLVED. MOST ACCIDENTS COULD BE PREVENTED IF 
POLICE OFFICERS FOLLOWED SAFETY RULES FOR VEHICLE MAINTE­
NANCE AND OPERATION. IN NONEMERGENCY SITUATIONS, POLICE OF­
FICERS SHOULD ALWAYS OBEY TRAFFIC RULES, REFRAIN FROM 
USING EMERGENCY LIGHTS OR SIRENS, AND PARK IN SAFE, MARKED 
PARKING AREAS. IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, PARTICULARLY IF A 
FELLOW OFFICER IS IN TROUBLE, POLICE OFFICERS OFTEN PANIC 
AND ENDANGER THEMSELVES AND OTHER DRIVERS BY FAILING TO 
USE SIRENS AND OTHER WARNING EQUIPMENT. AND BY CARELESS 
DRIVING. THE OFFICERS MUST KNOW, OR REASONABLY BELIEVE AN 
EMERGENCY SITUATION EXISTS BEFORE BYPASSING REGULAR TRAF­
FIC RULES. THEN THEY MUST GIVE ADEQUATE WARNING TO DRIVERS 
BY USING BOTH SIREN AND WARNING LIGHTS DURING THE WHOLE 
TIME THAT THEY ARE VIOLATING NORMAL RULES. OFFICERS SHOULD 
BE CAREFUL NOT TO OVERESTIMATE THEIR DRIVING ABILITIES OR 
THE ABILITY OF THEIR WARNING EQUIPMENT TO BE PERCEIVED BY 
OTHER DRIVERS. EVEN IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, POLICE-OFFI­
CERS SHOULD NEVER JEOPARDIZE THE SAFETY OF OTHERS BY CARE­
LESS OPERATION OF THE POLICE CAR. CASE STUDIES ARE USED TO 
ILLUSTRATE THESE POINTS.
Availability; HARPER AND ROW MEDIA ORDER FULFILLMENT/CUSTOM- 
ER 2350 VIRGINIA AVENUE, HAGERSTOWN MD 21740, Film $370.00; Item 
Not Available Through NCJRS Document Loan Program.

NCJ-55193 CRIME TRENDS AND POLICE EXPENDITURES — AN INVES­
TIGATION OF THE LAG STRUCTURE. By J. A. FOX. SAGE PUBLICA­
TIONS. INC. EVALUATION OUANTEFILY, V 3, N 1 (FEBRUARY 1979) P 
41-58.
Supplemental Note; PRICE QUOTED FOR SINGLE ISSUE.
CENSUS AND UNIFORM CRIME REPORT DATA FOR 1950 THROUGH 
1974 ARE USED TO ESTIMATE A MODEL FOR MEASURING THE IMPACT 
OF CRIME TRENDS ON POLICE EXPENDITURES. CROSS-SECTIONAL 
STUDIES EMPLOYING COMPARISONS OF BETWEEN-CITY VARIATIONS 
IN CRIME RATES AND POLICE EXPENDITURES HAVE BEEN INAPPRO­
PRIATE FOR MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CRIME TRENDS ON POLICE 
EXPENDITURES STUDIES OF LONGITUDINAL DATA FOR SINGLE CITIES

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