Attorney Notes; Memorandum from Jones to Guinier; Hispanics Take Voting Fight to Court News Clipping; Annotated Legal Research on 39th Congress Session 1 (Redacted)

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ltftufld/iL {W rtsahe? ts tfTc.f?e E G,

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Hr€/\firfi t*/A^, A{fovf T\r?-ft !
6. { voulo $t/ln tr T}}*r hTE ?Lvflot Ctt?r

til(ot { Q o r/t,\t ftfe I t{ n+ r+a2/2rt

(tn Suawtey |Ttl€rts * tlout*u-g SP€cch*t)
+le r{ !74 rfr,pT cft* Mr rtfi'?2 t7t.c /t6C

froo Ottcao llorLe Sa-crlttzED 'loSp76,sg

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us s of NP*
Cq
C-ourts

rio
rtFr\
ble
9US

td aa

ld aa

I Doa
ropri
I tJS

$ r02

inquire into the motives c! (','r:-.Ere.ss, nor may
it inquire into the *'isdom of rhe legislation'
nor may it pass u1rcn the n€.esit.v for the
exercise of a po*er yrs..es-:eC }{lmilton v
Kentucky Distiller:es & W (,, 251 US 146.
40 s ct 106.

€{ L Ed r9r
When Congr.-*. irc!: $'ll:;-. :ic limits of its

conetitutional 3uthorl:\'. lt :-i :): the provinc:
of the judicial branch oi '.;.e guvernment to
question it^s rnottres S,'nttl v Kansas City
Title & T co 15.5 I'S lir, 1l : ('r f.t3.

65 L Ed 577

:e:nto motives
t'.rlrfornia,2&3

7s L Ed ll5{
r: - r'alid. rt rs

:::l:lance thal:
' ,- ,. rn vierr
.,J i r c1)nst:!u.

i:,.F)11. nsui i
: Irl. ri? ALR

77 L Ed 2{r8

The courts mas r)J' i:rr-;
inducing legisi.rt:rn,\r::"r',
US 423, 51 S ('i :il

If one of the r.'::- . ' .'..i . .

not re.nderei :. : ,.: ' . :'
the lt'gtsial'rr. ^.r:
uyhlch. g,rrrsr.ir'r: .,' r '

tiotr,rl p.,s. ' ,' '''

721.

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Validity, construction, and application of fed'
eral statute ,50 USC Appx !464b)) per-
uining to pcs€36ion, misuse, forgery, al'
teration. destruction. or mutilation of
draft cards. 20 L Ed Zt 1576.

Crci,s References
('ommerce clause. motive as aJIerting validity

of ererclse of power under. see CoxxsacE
t 1.)i.-.

Courts' po\aer to look to real purpe of stat'
ute. see infra. S 106.

Florrd control, see infra. $ 120.

Itunicrpal matters. s€€ infra. $ 154.5. 155.5.

Se..also infra. $ I24.5.

i\.hcre the leglslature may constituilonally
p:tss .rl) act. the r.otl\es which actuated the
r:r,-':'.Lrers rr, it-s;)3ssJge cannot be inqurred
n: i,rlllit..r:rilr .:.1 sult bel*t'en indi\.iduals
I i..1. irt r v P,'ck 'i t'ranch 87.

3LEd162
( irurts cilnnot :nquire into the motives of

the legislaturc. ltut onl-! tnto tts plrer under
tht. ('onstrtutir.r. Ex parte \lcCardle. i Wall
i{\i 

l9 L Ed 2o4

(')urts have n,'lhing to do urth the xrotives
ol ll'.e l-er:lslutu:'i, if uhirl thev do ls within
ihe :cope ui ther:' grwens under the t-onstitu'
tr\,. .\ntonr r G:'t'enhou, 107 LiS :69. 3 S ft
el 

27 L Ed 46{t

t'!\urL. (ann(rt:nquire into the tn(llives ac'
tu-rt:ng :1 state ieg;slarure irr ihe piLis.ase of
u:rr l.rrs for the i.,.r'trn:TlPDt trf the srtte. Anrr'
r' \\'etertoun. 130 L'S '101,9 S Ct 5&).

3! L Ed 948

The Federal Supreme Court will not inquire
rn!o the motives i:f legislative bodres. New
Orieans u Warner. l?5 US 120. 20 S Ct 'l{.

{{ LEd 96 -

'[ he niotive !'1 ('or)t:('ss in exertln{ it^s pie-

n:rr\ lx)r\er rn.r.r nol |te takt'rr i1;.r vielt lor
.h(r rrrlrp(lse trl- rri'u:inE to gl\'(' effa': rrt such

l-,'\\r':'\hr.t. .,t.:. -e.i \\-..h.', r Frai. lil9 t'S
.r'li ,16 S ('i l.ll 

60 L Ed 3Oi

1'he Supren:e L'!\urt :rt'('d Ilot cJ-s! .Ilxrut for
rrr.rsons frrr the .eFisi.tilre judgment. lror is !l
required to be sure trf the precise :e.r-'ons for
ItS exercl*. or trrh\rnctd of lts $Mom: it is
enough if the leSisiatron be passed rn the
erercise ol a F:s'er of governmen!, and h:r'''
relation to that poser. [.rr Tourette r' ]lcltas'
ter. 248 tls 46.5. 39 S ft 160.

83 L Ed 362

The Federal Supreme Court rnay nol. in
passing upon the validity of a Federal statute.

tnqu.r.:rt, 1 .

Corlqre:i\ l.' r \i'- ,', :"
conlerrt rl u 1,, '
the C()urt\ :-: - '. 1.

-Adhins. :ll'r [ - -' -" :

Tire e .'u:"'.- :::.: \ :

tives ft'r lt't;i:..:' . ::
('ioesae:'t '. r'i:.,:r 1.

l9''t.

Tenne'; r S:
?ri:1.

The mottl t : (- , r;':"-- ', r ! rnt tc the
validitl e'i it. .. -i .: i.' . :, :,i r Smith.
30? US it 5'f i ( ' ,.i\

\:i L Ed t002

! : n)ilr nl'.f\ e
.-'r) -: ,! ut:onai i]'

' ,:'tpetenc).'i
' .:r i,.rill (.'tr r

ri L Ed 1263

.. .. t he n'..>

. i :d{. 69 s (-r

lri L Ed !r.7
: '. .- .ii7. il S Cr

q.-r l. Fll l0l9
The ni,rl: r i. r'. : '.dul bil:]r'

ing on tlrt' ,.':. -' - -' 'utttrnal:lr'
Da1t.,l r t':t:,. - ' ., ii:t6 L'S

220. ti:l : ('r ' '
:i:l l. Ed 632

court: .trr .:' 1: : l'li(rvtrrties
aristng ltrrn: .l'.'..., - I -:rtlve !'i.rrn'

mittee lost s:ti.:.,t '. - ..-:littt'res!ed-
ness or at'ttrl .': r:.-'1. :l'. -. ., d vin.lictrse
motiveE TIte ;,,ur's --r1.'i...: :)'t go bnlond
determininS :htt rr .'lt:t:::,::,'(': inquir).. may
faU|t tt" deemei'.t :i'tr .': :it.)\lnce. Tenney
vBrandhote.3{i t S ii;, -l \('l;63.

I5 L Ed l0l,
While the lack of iu!!:.:.1\ in rhe judiciar.t

to rertrain a lsq'lui err, .se of pon'er by

177

I

t'i

tat



$ 102

i::iltion :lS t(-. !he e ilita:.:--r:.i:-i r:.a:r --uCh
.r-\ r(: ine e ilita:.:--r:.i:-i r I

I r.t 1g;1(ir,)p-s ::i.r\ pr.\j:- -.r B.r:*:B.r:*::b..rr \':ri Statr,s. iri,f (_'.j i,F. -- : \-r : ...!.

3LEd::dlllJ

s:;.tr $ffi$t'it".!,Lfiy*:* S,aes v

20 L &t 2d672

_ 
S-pecu.lation as .to legislative and erer.uiivemot!\'e is to he rhunired b.v courrs. ii;;;';\l'r'man, 197 l'S :tS:. s:) . O, tiii 

;;;

Courts
.rnother depanment of the government,
"l:T t wrong motive or purpqse has im-
ry!t' ,^h" erertron of the porr.er. ma-v renderrDu!€! ten ',rrrrily effectual. the rernedu fies
1.1t 1n t.!e abuse by the j:.rriicial .r,f.,oiity 

"l:ri iunctton. hut in the oeople. upon *.homr:.:i.rnce ntust-bc placed fir il" .o..n.rion-,ri-... \ ;rh_uses:. thrje prinrip'qr ,pp;l .,. ""ii t,,'1{r€s-slonirl ii:r.,rgjq;11i,,xs ::tn :hc .:r?d li.r. In determ::.:::.:i

doubt as
States s I

The ie1
tions of i
,'L)nst it u i:
ston Cou:

The ie
s isdom -.

:rolled :'
P. R. C,.r

Quesr r .

be nrade
,rpinions
*'isdom :
ers !'lest
Henning
:086.

The *-r
quest i,rn
the scopr
rng ulth
enac t rne:
based on
the best
whether
within it
cised in ,

the jufu
nest ccnl
to bring
cognizan
Guirp. :ll

Wherir
3n tlceno
matter o

court rs '

v Blaisdr
1481.

The w
islatron
/'.:aranl
59SCtr

The s
appropri
which ir
wh.ch tl
Anthr.r'
S Ct 9Ul

Thc q

feir or
tho pcq

.il(,r:al itct,3,
:Iues.1,p'*u3 -.

I irrr:,-J Stl:e.

:1. b-r' a ptrrtitular mxlc r: :.e-1.. r.:.:. :he..:):t;tllti(,n.rlltr. rt le{tsl.r::, i .::.i} 5a .;.r'.,.:'.,d, :t r.i lrrr.i!..utt qL_:h<r .rai ,o.o,r-i. ri',,n illct untit,:.ia.v rhe :,.*bi.rtlre Jecrs:on,
.-. :,. ts atso lrre ri.\.:ull thilt :he stJtu:e Jrd not.\!.nd to all to *hr.lm tt" aotu.i:".f 

-oi,,,
:...., 

ie. lixht In lc'src .rppl.v l':emn" i;.; .. i*;tri.i l-'$ ti{J;;, 80 S t't iiO:.
{ L &t::d l{3,1t

,):'l-r the r.le;rre-sr p:.g.rl iJ^ ::Scs : , ,:t.rh--i lhe unconstltutl,)nalit.\ .t .t stJij:e ,1 lherr.'lnd that it r+.ls motivated,o pu.,.i,,i.rr"
r.r_ s.[g11 it wa-. .1ppg1."ble. l.rdr;ie.l ,;,,_,;l;;,::i,) congressiona! motir.es ere rt !r=r i hez.,1":or:s matter, and when such.r:: raoulrl..e.'ks ro go behind objective o"",f".iri,r},.'ii.\'$mes a dubious atfair inderrC Flemrnin,r u.\esror, 363 US 603. 80 S C\ l3d:. 

' '!i'r"r'r'F r

{ L Et 2d tr35
So long as Congress acts in pun;usnr_e of its

. nsrr:utional pos.er, the judic:ar_._ :..-t"-.,it:r.-.rir.v to intenene on the basis of rf,. io.rr\ps $.hich spurred the txercrse ,i-,ii,f.u'* Communist party , S"h.";;.e .f.1;.;:r:(': (-onrrol Board. :lr;Z uS r. ii St:i ii+. "'
6LElrd625

- 
Tne Lrnited State Supreme Coun rrll :rotsrr:Re down an otherwE€ constrturion.rl sui-uie ,:1 1fis bagis of an alleged ,flicit j*g;la-;;

rn..\rrre; the.jud_iciary may not restrein the
:I::-,* ot Iawful power on tbe asurnptroirnar l wrongful.purpoee or motirr h"s .ju*J
:n: power to b€ exerted. United Sratcs ,O'Brien, 391 US 36?, 8s S O rOiS.-

,0LEd2i6t2
A court's inquiry into tq"islatise DurDC o.

Ti * tr pnoper for the lrrnrrcd i"#; ;oetermrnlng whether the ststute r.nder r+ri.e* is punitive in nature. Un,tua Sr.tcs'.,O'Brrcn. Jgl US 36?,88 S Ct 16?&
20 L Et 2d 6112

l:li. ,..i .i Cr l

.lt L Ed 2d it2{
. In ..rme er::..rr:rrdi:::rv instanr.es. the r:..nrbcr. of a lea:i.rtlvo or edmrnr.trai,_= f,,a,sronrn.rking b,rd.r. ma_r. :e called ,"-ii.. ,,.,^iirt- triJl tu t.-t,i.. c.-lnc*rning ,f," p..p.="".ri
otficral actions.-although 

"r"n th"n'.;;[iil;:
mon.t !requen:i.u will be barred by prr.,teg;:
srnce ;udie.ial :nquiries i;rto legrslstive o. 

"*I.utl\e motrvati.in repre..ent r *ut}St.rntie: :n-trust.:n rnto the 'sorkrnls of othL,r l.-*.:i 
". ,,gr)vernment, pl.rcing a lecisionmak"r on rh.,itilnd,s rrsuajir to be avorded..\rlrr:tron

Ile rri h :s 
.r' 

.ttet rrpol r t a n Hou"in g 6".;;.;;;;;
Li)rp . 1..:9 US :5:1. 9; S Ct i5i,

50 L Ed 2d r50

\ IO3 )todr:, polic.v, wisdom, or erDedieneyot teglslation. generall-v.

R<earch References
l6 Am .lur 2d. C.,nstitutronal Larv S!(.1{Glt]]

t'ro-.s References
Administratir.e order or regulation. revie*. ,;r.s;l1ril or =rprediene-u of, ,.," .rfoari--i-.r*^rrvr Lru' S .l.ii.
[.e{islai.,:n reg.rrdinE rd!ei. scc pt.auc L.rrrl-

11s-s j ;13.

Ilunicrpal marrers. see infra. $ lS{.S.
Political questioirs. see supra $ {9.

Ttre court cannot erarnine questionr as er.pedienr or inerpedient or as politic ,. l-p"iitrc:.considerations of that sort mur! in ien-gral._be addresscd to rh. legislatr;. Lr;;Tar Cases, S Wall {62.
18 L Ed {9',17

Tlre L:nited Starea Supreme Court has noth-rng to do with lhe q.isdom and polrcv of rstate statute which the legislature had oo*erto pass. Nichol v l-c"y. S Wall {3j}.
16 L Ed s96

).
'':

,-Thc principle that e cour! rrll noa stnLe
l3]i "." 

otherwie constitutrood rtrtuc oi
Il-. 1asf or a.n alleged illicir ie3rshda! moutaa -tr urpplicablc. and thc prrpe of thc
l?!I"y" ir irretcvaal .tlc; id ir";rJf
:l.ct-rt DeoEr.rJ, roF rnd opati|D_
a7c

.Cgurts cannot srt in jufument upoo rhc
ylsd^om and policy r,f statuti f"gaf fy'e^acrJby L:ongress. and must determi-ne luestionrarising thereuod.r acrording b il;-i;meaning of tho strtut .hcn iis *;"d, - ;Uar itr roooo, sfirit, aad inteitioi.Jcr m



to courtffiffiffiffirt&boudartcetnOcncd Srr, ffiffi"iffifrffi#trffirffiffimnffiE1rffi uorrNr - uvGri-dffiri'

'o,'r*ff"ffi ffiffi#"# ffi$ffiP"ffiffi ,

-_.



{\
\a

t '
S

j griru adoircl in the United Stetes jl of ratirication. It is absurd to srrppose that il tlefect, ond rllows C,rnaress to corrcct the un.
trj, ll snyEoretlrtnthreelourthsof thcSiatesttratil justlegislstionof theSiates,roio.it,oitUof".-*Ho"r,n"l'ix.il;xlil,* 

order or il lJ:xfli: ,i:,i1q;1i:1il::#,txit::r"t}; il ::l,';]t"ffi:i"i,,l'"i,fi',x"l,ji"ioill"iffst
th,rr..or.Massechusctts. r hopo the 11ffi,ffi$:;ir3;",um'l;:'Jli::'#,'#.ili il ;Hr":i"t?'':n:m:*l,lxlrl"ilrilli:5
s[r{,;ytt '#:"*l:*:.m:*--*--^--. ll ::::r'"1:;,^l'.0:ll:* }.::':Y'-:]1.1 ']=l'.9. ll 9sry,."..- lv,hi,:::Ll?'-!.^"-,".it' i[*" i"n't" 

"'-"J4GB"$''#liilf f:"ld[*,".y.ooogu ll ::::..t"liil,"l1'J',1]",: lrilll?]"'x, 
.J;r,ii:: 

li 3fll'";JtlH:ih'rr,t'"iii{,l;Xlinii
jtt firA. ll |lYl"^ r^t rs nolperlect.. I' wr-ll-take,rll. I cau get jl mon. lYh.ateverrneens of redre_ss is afforrled
.ri, - BrcossrBgcrroy-ao1rlf. ll L.lhqcrrrtssol'humanityandleareittobepir-ll tooneshallbecffordedtoall. ivtoiere.t.,,
r-:'. - ll tect€O by bettcr men lD. belter tlmes. It mnv ll rllowe tha vhite msn to tostifv in anr*r .!.-lt5 " .---''- - ll fectcd by bettcr men io belter ti.mes. It -mny 

jl allows tha vhite mgo to tostify in 
'ci,irt 

.t,ott
S.*sru.vExs-,T:='-!"*_,',T31lfove_d,b.rllu"ii"iil"iti,ou*iiiout.o"'i'l'it"ranheiiril;ii;;ih'"-;;nofcolortodotheseme. These

E#ffii.i:.:"!ir:,"h&lutffi:!: il; il ni:J.,i.",1:"'*ir:: u,l,lrl* iJ: jl:lu"i:,, 
il ii"",%i.H.tu",,"1H,."T""T 

,,0,.*,E::::l'"",;"i?

i:''!CSf pmPg$og qr9agmeat to- t!8 
f f 
. The llousa should reoember the great labor ]l Bicted. not on acclun! of t6e msoniirde of rhc

..."1,':r,--_::::{jsE'E.lNqrq.Y"il, ll c(,rorsasccrHun;:6uraEloerolsaJuslUoU. ll :lorvdlfierent degrces of punrshnrent are in-'b'... ProPo$oo auraadmeat. to t[8 ll. f he IIousa should reoember the great labor jl Bicted, not on acclun! of tf,e magnitud" oi in"6-,lurav ask $e indulgeuco of the lf rhich tlre co.mrniuee. nad to peiio?m. fh;i ll ;;i;;d;;".JJi"g id1r,"."r"?;-ath",,ki;:

ffin *::*i*ryl q{sqq,., ll X,:l!J3Hf"'fq',e;.!1ff,:X',Xl',:{il$:"ir:i ll ;::t:t?i:H}",".,,,ji:lfh:i"[T,'$'f;g,l:
brs.beensomeimpotienceotthedelry llsoughr, often iniain, t" J..ii"-it.i;j;6;it Il ;;.-'i;;;J'e;;;r;oi",;1ii"l'1l.T*iiii,T
P!f9pgf;lbat,lt"rrltdtomnall hwrandstotuter. Thoylooktheeviden6eof ll oppressivelors. UulesstheCoustitoiiosshouidffi "x'iqTl[:fi {!]H;ll"r""'"f i",t",'*'!:"J*ir#*:ilrm'"*:*il1t,',ls'*l.i:il*txl*r-
g.tf".l!ll19 <loobt, but nohra.lly ll chieloftheiiarmiesdownto thohumblestfreea- !l hited freedmen. Soho .o.t 

"., 
;y-"* 

"irii6t llreclec .oEl rood meo. 'Ihir 
ll .pt,. . Ths sub-committees who wcre cho-rged ll rights biil sepulgs the snmc rhini!.', ftnni ir'ts roodered at oi comptained of. ll *iiiiihat a"tl:of ;h;; i;*;tonJ, ioa'8ii ll ;;;if iro",-ffit", isrepeelabte bv a mnioritr-

could be inforucd 6115i ns"pasity ll thererbie sp["p-6".1j-".4lpiiil;'dln;;-;i ll i;J'I-;;a'i*.iri iii","n"tffid'#;il.tiilil
olay. Besitle,reare notsllcudoweil llnltj"n.o",i,t.tliljgenge.''hich *"s o;;;;-; ll;[;s;"rh;ih ih={. .'oppo.r,."a'"rriii.ini}ri,.J: ,o,""'';o;;;;;-;;iii's.tt*, ll i"ffiil""d;;Jliiililr'i'ii".""alt Jiiilli' ll iii; ;"tfi""i'E;;:l-Til;iir f;l,','"T:i:i:tr loeJr Dave ocuTe mrud! sod deep ll of evidenco taken may wcll be- considered et- ll The veto of the Prcsident and their rbt"r oo

. ll traordinary_. It.mustEercrnembered, olso.that il the bill ors conclusioi "ria."..;ii'il. l;e r.
ge.ntlegeJr to eonsider tlc magni- ll three monihs since, cnd -o.", it" 6o*;iii.i ll ;;i i;;;;;;;a'aoa'otar.easitr"iii"tii"ii
Egbwlrich rssirnooled unonlhe ll 'r.n'r,.l n.rl rha iln,,- o,t^^ro,t ^ ^.^-^"..1 ll i.i ^--,-:--*^n-;:--;-:-;::.:ii::::-v--'i-'i.':gft!."t i"r 

"Bs !eeFid.-;p*ii; ll ;A;;t".r ili-iU k;,;f;;t;ii;;;;;;; Il '";'.'"ffi;T:ir:;H,1iH:;;;ii::f.n"jl"i;"
H;"..'01:ln';:'". :iffi.:f, T^i,"f"tg Il l:::3*":: i".:t,,\1""1:l: *::p"x::,"'il: ll ::,:[':q.1*llh-"^'^"I"t-s,':r":-l:'ill]" G.ii:for .rebuikling a sh-attered .natioa--a ll in aucu *ry as 

'"6utd 
so'eit l;;;".;;;A-;h; ll a;ii;;;i,;riii? ameodcrl os to rcstrnin thcirrhi.ch.though not dissevered. rar yet ll enfranchisimcnt of evcry citizen st o;di.t""i ll a"rp"tic,iiii*r. tni."..ra.urtL".uri"nt.O

1d;tyea by.tho gigcotic and perslsh ll perio_d. 
_ 
Tho! tosetire''*itu tt" n.;",t;;;a ll ;;;;;t;;;;;ilA;irh;;1-.;-thi.;;';j'Gr-

ucrt Lsuuxrr nor ursseYereq. t8! IeE ll entrsnchlsqmcnt ot evcry cltlzen o,t oo distaot ll despoticdesircs. Thissmendmentonceadofrted
rd rivea by.tho gi.gcotic and perslsh ll period. Tho! togetirer'*itu tt" n."",t;;;a ll ;;;;;t;;;;;ilA;irh;;1-.;-thi.;;';j'"d;;'-
*otsrx mrtlton able andardentmeal ll repudieting the rebcl debt, which vo olso Il s.css. That they will ha:dly ret. And ve!rebelsttriving th.rou6h fouryears.o-f ll paised, wo-uld have gone far'to cr.t tteieuet- il E;.t"i. o-r-oo.li.l;ncoirh.e];i.;;;n.on"r"'to
--tLt:-rnuolnclfm"f ,ttr!,!F44lious spiritolseqlgi"n.aod=lo_havegivento_ll arlmitStnta olterStute before thisbccbmesafi.Htttfiffi#ili#x;X',.'.'.1:F^.'s$l*,*il;l"i?*'#l [=llHfi'lFJfnrf"H.,*ili,*$i"",t*ih"ffsr*- -.rnto tbe tnstrtutions ofour ll the other end of tbe Caoitol. and was there ll iheir iudsment misled bv thcir kin,lno*s, o.rrareo lnto tDe tnstltutlons of our ll the other end of the canitol.r fathers hod been comrrelled to ll mortallv wounded in the ^housi

principL.s of tbeir gre:rt'Declara- Il After'havinq received the cothe.principles of ttreir grc:rt'Declara- ll ert"irru"i"ii*.ir.Jit*-."'.irt-ei"-"i;"i: ll ;i;;;;.;i-tU;'iil;;J;fiil"u .iJ"r-":r''ii"rgl-for theirfull cstablishmen-t till ll tion an,l cppiobation of the committee, snd ll ooi.uwectit, t,ot ott,"rs rrill. 
-

99lg*Cq:-tipS - Sf!-tipq 9og!t to l[ horiog rcce]i'ed thsunited Bepublicarnoieoi ll 'fne Jccood section I consid* the most irn-
Pqf--rrntthepEbltats]]c{rbs^b€eD'i[.onehuntlrcdaodtwouryBepreseutativesofthalf portantintheg?tiele. Itfisestheb"rirofr"rr-\
r.i,'#.i"dir,ffi;tirffi,ffi.llr:"i,.,r",:rffiiirfffl,...sftJ,iti,flftT'is 11il.":illii1{:#Tfir1i:,'ltl{tl:$i:ilfl: \- - t.ru srrruorr. rL ru rumlrurrti rE tl l[ tr€OSIDler" 8nO "unpBrOOnAOle;" "tO bO OD. ll CxCtoOAanyOl her Adutt Etlecitizers frolnth8

to clesr aray the_ rotteo an-d deGc!- [ cbuutered as o pudic enemylt' "positively ll elective frinchise, or ebritleo thnt right. she.:sof thcold fonndatio.gs,altdtosink ll endaugering the'peace of tfirj .ouf,t.y, o"[ ll rtr"it fo.feiiiei-risltt" ."iiiJ,r."i"ti"3-il;[;.
lorno tue rePcrred. edrhce upon the ll covering its name with disbonor." ..A wick- ll s:rme proportion. -The effett ofthis provisioo
litlou ot eternal lustice. If. oer- ll odness on n lnrqer scala thrn the orima roainqt ll will hi pithcr tn onmnel rho Srato" i^ ---^r-a.d1!iou 

of ,et6rnal 
justice.. If,. pot ll gdnes- ;" ;-i;.g* ..utu.it ." tle c.l-e ag"i'i't ll 'ii[LE-iItt;;-i; c;;;"t-th" i;tii.r il- cil'rt[e accu mtr lated qtticksonds reoder it ll Kaosas or the fugitive slave low I grosrf foul, ll universol suftoge or io to shear them of itrelr

to-reach in every psrt so 6ro alloutrageous; oniicredibleinjustide"asaidstth6ll po\yer aE mfee'J thenr foreveri".t"""i"*
Hq:.TT,:-t:-"-.d-utf to drive $eep ll rholi.lJrican ra.ce.1"-with.iveryotlie-r-vulgar ll ininority in tho 

-natio-nsl 
G-overnmeut,'botb

subsrituted-pilcr on rrhieh tb llep;ifer.tricii pJi.n.a 
"uitiiotirin 

ooot-,t cLT: ll t.ci.l"1i"" 
".a """.iiii"i. li tb';;;;";;;

Id-lDoE +Tl€S:pqeut'thcrfimrsd. - It ras- rlaughtered' by o puer-ile a.rd ll freoqhpe the- freedoeu, it would'give to thc
=E_E-,EI 

F=II!.I!.. Fswsr EElf E.uo. rl tolt llaogatereo' Dr & puetlle. aEc ll lraoclrlto' ine treeoEeU, ll woulc glgc to tho ,
ne structure becauac eome eoitei'[fpbdautic criticism, by a perversion of philo. ll rebcl Ststes but thirty-eeven lleorientarir.e*,1 .-
bo.foundcil up-oo materials subjcct f l losical de6nition '.hich,- if rhen i t'""sht ll ttiri aborn of theiril;";; ilr;;-;;id s 7
itable lars of mortal decay. : It ll scf,ool a lotl who had studied Lindley }Iuriv Il become rertivs. Soithern nriic rould ""i 

. 
1115 2to sbeltertbehousehold anil trurt ll b-ad-assomed, I rould.hrveexpelledlim frofi ll long brook ahopelessmino.itn tr"eii *ti

t^ 8Y 6,lgb(o TBE COITGRE-qSIOI{,\L GLORE. t tef f

Progre.s!ofrhighermonlityll theinstitutionesunfttoworteaducstionnpon. lf tatrdtrvo,three,iossiblyEveydersbcforether t 1 ,t., ,tooreintelligeatprineipletol[ Botit.is-dead,and.uulees.this(lessefficio'atrlll c-ou-querth-eirprejodicesauttcientlytoalloi t: /'ttti'tl
b" d-e?""ti"" "o-"il--- 

'":-'':- " II i'aiiit'it"rii[1i1t! .i;;iii;"';;'il;;f,;["' Il ;i"#i;t;ftJ;il;;"-if""#il1i"i; #it:
not for e moo.ent inculcate tho idea || protedtioa ol'the iolored roce peihopi for ages. || polk. Tbat rbort delay would not bi injuriooi..
EirIffs.P:inchbdsLtatsdice.- Aotff I confess my mortification rit ita'defest"- I ll In thc mcan tina the ?reedm"n vouH Lecooe.

i6buld noi be oEtiiuled a! ouce I il crie"a espe6i"uy becouso it slmost closed tbs ll more eolichtened; ond moro at i" iir"trr*
fhse-tu-do rbis-pouinlo. " The l[ iloor of hoie forihs gmelioration of the condi- ll thc tich dutier of'their new condition. tn it -ni'

[T-_",':l__:!:.*Sld.!19 his ll tion.of the-freedmen. But meu in pursoit.of lf 1im.e,.ioo, the loyal Cgqerels coutd. mararo
ItchedoniraprcgncblqheiglF:ould ff justice rDnst never despair.. Let us'ogein try ll theiilaws'a"dso i;eod tUt Courtiiuu-ou * to
yrt bernsr.st€donoarchingbirtroopt Il and see wbether ro cannot dcsiso somC vovto ll georro the richts of everv humcn beincr. rrnd
face of a dcrtnrctive 6re merely'to ll orercome ths nnited forces of self-righte'6ua ll ItdE& disunion imposaiSle, Heuvea Tbrbid

@nrege..\Voulditnot-bebette'rtoil Reputrliccnsondunrighteouscoppe.heidr. Iill thattbosouthernSdtes,o;orrrir-it-iiii",
rorks and mcrch rouud rnd round ll will not, do for tbose iho for thiiiv vearg have ll should bs reoreseuted oi this door oniil ,rcf,
Scr.aud .thus sectrre tha gurreu,.ler of ll fought tLe beosts at Epbesus to bi i'rigbtened IJ uruuiments df freedom nre built highaodtiru.
7, thougb. it .migtt -coet timc.? Tbo ll by_ihe fungs of nrotleri catirmounts. ll Against our rill tbey hove been abclnt for fourblbougb.tt.miStt-coettimc? Tholl bythefungsofruoderncallmounts. ll Agsinstourrilltbeyhovebeenabg-entforlour
nrsewould shoivaloroud folly;tbe ll 

-I,et 
us rior rcfcr to the provisions of ths Jl Ut6oUy years; againsr our will they ruurt ooi

ral aad physical courage,ar iellee ll pronore,l rmcndmenL ' . ll .o.rleto.k ooiilie are rearlv tore"'"i"e theo.
rud risdom. f l}re 6rst section prohibits the Sttter fronlil Do uot tell orc that there ord loyal reprcsentr.
rpoaitio-n.is not all tbrt-the compit- | abridging the privileges ond irnmunitiec of cit- ll tivee woiring for odmissiorr-uritil th6ir Strtert-. It falls far short of my rishes, I izens irf -tbe United-States. or unl:rwfully de- ll ore loval tbEv can brve oosonding here. l'tcy1.'d.. It falls far short of my ri-shgs, I izens irf -the l)nited-Stater, or unl*wfully de- ll ore loyal tbEy can bsveoostanding here. l'tcy

ll[.r my hopea. I believe it ir all tboi ] r,ri'ins thcm of life, l',ilri;: ;; ;;r;.i;:-'o..f ll ;;rtf ;;f -irr"p'"'int tt uir Eooaiio"r,t
rlrioed inlhe preseot gtste of publie I ienyiric to :rny Dcrson ritfiirr thiir luriddictioo ll I odrit thlt this irticle ir not rrlood ar ths' Not.only Coirpesr but theriveral I thei'c,iual".irrotection.of the lewi. ., ll qng ro lent to dcath in tle Senati" In my
i- to bo donsul[ed. Upoo r crrcful I I can'hardli bolieve thot gnv n"iioo con'be Il indn.ooi ve chlll nor.DB]o..b tbo mcaroni
thc rhole ground, rc djtl notbelirve ll fouad who wilt not cduric thit'crorv one .f ll 6f iilatice urrlil rve lrare civdn orerv odult freed-
eeu of the loyal States could bc iu- f l these provisions is jurt" They arc all isscrted, ll -i" r hoo-erteed oo the hod r'herc ho ,asl€6u of tho loyal States could bc iu- ll these nrovisions is jurt. They are all Lrscrted. ll min r hooerteed oo the lood rherc ho uas
retify eny pro'porition more rtriogeot ll ia sonie form or ot-her, in ouiDtcr-.n^rror oi ll born aod toiled oad su{Iered. Porty rcres of, I ray ninite6n, for I utterly rep-qai ll orEonic lar. But tho Constitution limire only ll lend eud r hut rou,ld be more vatuable to hin
nru tbo itlea that any State not sctinr l[ thd :rction of Concresg. and is uot, a limitntion ll thoo t}c iamerliotc ricit !o vote. Unles to
ri'or ie to be couatod oo the quertio6 [ ou the $tates. T[ic rmeodmou! rupplier tbrr ll givo theo thir ro shal[ rccoivc t&c consuro of,

)? flt ccL,lG

2459

tbe Capitol, and was there ll their judgment misled by thcir kindncss: or
in the.house of.its friends. il oro they unconsciously dfft-igg into thc h:r:pn



U,S- 96ttfe

nsl zr.tttb ?' z't,f
-



1966. __TBII CONGRESSIONAL GIOBE. 2768
chrirman, on thc port of thc Senatg of tbc !

ioiut committee ot' tifte,.:n. is such as to tlis- .

iblo him tiom oneninc the discussion of this I

. $avc tnd importirnt m-easure. I was on.tious I

ihst ho should take the leod, and the proui- |

aeot lcad, in the conrluctof this discussion, ond 
1

: dill cntertrin tho hope that before it closes i

. the Senato rvill hav-e. the.benelitof o full nnd 
I

'[he 6rst clause of this section relates to the il Stater. It is the case of Cor6el<l rr. Coryell,
privileqes nnd immunitir's <-rf citizens of thc;1 foundin4lYa5f,ilglont.CircuitCourtRep6rts,
t,nited'stotes os such, cnrl ts distinguishcd il pnge3ti0. Jodge-lYasbiogtonslys:
flrom all other-persons not' citizens of the Uni- il .. ff,o nort qnestioa is rhether this ict infrin.G!lrurrl_ull eLusr PL'rrurrs lruu urrr4EIr! ur ru', urrr- il "T'ho Dott.ln-estioa isthethef this rel infrinCG,
ted Ststes. lt ls not, perhgps, very easy to ll thrtseetionofthe eoottitutionrhichdc.clrrcrthrt
de6ne with Bccurocv w[irt is rireint liv tho ex- ll 'tho citizeor-of earh Stato rhnll bo eotitted to all- --: '-7, .::'---!. -i---;; ;:-'--:'-'. -;'--; ll nririleqosandimmuoiticsof citizpnrinth6rcaornl
pf Jjili, t .iii-,iiiiir ii,;' u 

" 
iil- S ;id;,1 ;. 

I I "ill l.'.".ir, 
*n

[tion rhich dcclircr tbri
r rhnll bo eotitlcd to sll
of citizeos io the rcrcral

' qln only pronriro to present to the Senote, iu
; r vcry succinct way, tho views ond the motives
i rhich inllueuced thst committee, so fur os I
r uder:tand those views aod motives, in pre-

Irnple stulcmeot of his vicws. For mysell', I

the report which is uov before uf for
rsliou,'ttrd-the euds it oima to aocon-

The joinFie'solufoh cteEtirr that coramittee
lnrsted them with o tery imporleut inquiry,

itvoltirtg-+ vd8t, di*lo1. attentitio
luttuetc&t+ ipouire
ir*oem#Xlrlee,'end

, ro fcr as it wos practicable for them
do so, into the politicafo.nd soeial condition'-I;.i* very kre, they

dition of offairs in
tbo

orinylEirilt otc ptrty tmdenrT-'€wreriety
brs been to escertain the whole truth iu its

EE noG:visiteil'arif loctalithr ootsils of rhe
city of \Yashington ia order to obtain informa-
tion; but they have taken the testimony of o
grcat nuEber of witoesses wbo bove beeo som-
noned by them to lVashingtoor or who hap-
pened to be in Washington, nnd who had sode

Eents, each ooe possesslng a $mcretrcy or 8ov' ll Pertoq

ties of citizeng in the siversl-States."

preSJruur urlr4urr ur rrr0 vtltrcq o.t4L:st_ 4l' ll Stntes?,
thoughthatexpressionoccurstwiceintheL'on- Il "'thoinquiryic,rhatsrotbeprivileqcsnndimmu-
stituli,jn,once'in refercnCc to tlre prcsident of ll nitic!ofcititco! inrhorercrsl Stares., \yofeel Do

;i; u;iiJ irt;i'.i, iii ihii,ti-i;;i"r;;'i;l; ,t;: ll }:illi;ru;n','-l*tli"?'i,h:ir.'o'X;i'il ,i,1l",ll3i3tsg uurtuu Dturslt rrr wrrrsr' rrr!(urrsE ru--rs.uu: ll privile8e!trnd irtrrDunitiesrbicboroin thcirnaturt
clared that rrone but a citizen of the United ll iun,triricniri,wiiict betonr oiririt to tbo ciiircrir
Statcs shall Lre Presitlcnt. and oqcin in refcr. ll of nllfrceOoscrurnebt!.oudwh!cbbcvcstolltimct
;;;""#;;;,".r,i*i "*-iir""i.fi" [. .iiii.-'ir ll ]if'h":'.'J:"d.]'.*th"",i:tt'"':11;I 

t[:X:":',1r1*11:Statcs sball be lrreSidcnt. And Ogcin iO rel'Cr. ii ol eL lrco UoscrulDebll! oEo torcD ataYc at oll tlmct
;'i;"", s;;;G',;'h;;;-iik;';i.."io u. .iiii..' ll }:l':o"ti';;"u"li*,0,"u'lt'"T11""I 1[lTtT']rlfr:::
of the Uuited Statcs. Utdoubtedly the e-rpres. tl uecomli:i-Irei.- ii,iipin,iont.-rni ioicidi'co.-' tVirii
sion is userl io both those ipst-oncei in the iaoo il ttcse funtlqncntnl frinclplqr oro it rould. porLnpr.

.i-"-.Jii Jt'illir-i.-.-.pr;i.qit tri 
"."-"-qi*"i ll H,'^I11x'""913."#lii:"Sr",'""J:,h"j1""t:ltfr:'r"fi*I

now belbre us. A L'ltlzeo ot tbo Untled Slatos ll inqgcnerolhcndr: protmtioobtthocovcraEent,tho
is held bv tho co:rrts to be a oersOn who wOs ll cnjsymcBtoflifoaarl liberty.rith-thc{lhttoaceuirc
born rithln tbo limiu of the Uirited States ond il 3[i"H'd:fn!rur"tJf',ii"",?,"i,i!;f,":#l}f"i3J:",3t"- 'it[I"-tr,uii,it djtl" u;ihd $tat." ilq il 3[i"H'd:fnlru,"l'Jflii"",?:i,i*f,"9:9l;f"i3J:",1
subiect to their laws. Before ths odoption of ll cud[ic!ii-;i';18;-th;d;;Hi;;i;;;d,rti;;#;54
ths coostitution of the U"ik! !gS*-S:.lt ll [?','*St',Til.r?:3[l}ilf;li.J,t""richtor'acrtiso!;; ;ru;t- S;;; ;*",1.- & qua'ueq re.So ll slito. forDuiiio.qrof rrarle.rrris.dl$r:lHi.&?l:5
of lessl oliens to ono anotheri Ior the reason ll purruits,-or othcrrird; to claia tha bcnctit of tf,o: -

liifi:iil.#ltHfinlifuT,$t:l'ai;n:ll*it:i1tffi,.ffi*ifrru;:"";:$,i"ff ilffi
Eents,cschone possessingaEunicreocyof sov. ll perroqnl, enil rn cr.ompt-io-n from higher t rcr oE
re8$rqeu Uy eaco ot[er E ruuEPurqErru uu^YEru' JJ t3Eo. hol(l. oad dispose of property, citbcr rool ot
ments. osch one oossessin( a Eufticreocy of gov- ll perronnl, end rn ctomption from hiEher t rcr oE

;fii*r"""in?mlHi"m:bT,::!r"f"':3f ll ils.,,';#1,$:{":r,i*11},#"#i:ftlilij[t,'[i*
them. They hovs been assiduoua in dis-
rging their duty. They hove instituted on

oossessin(scufficieocyof sov. ll perr6nnl, inil rn ciomptioir riom-tiiEuir trrcr oi
insble it -to claim tho-risht 9f ll ipnogitions thnn rre paid by tbo otber- citireos .of
ud, undoubtedly, each o'oe of ll [iir'r'l'fri.'.Yf"1'f[!Xiff"j:i?itf,3;,"]i[i,'li';
br itself the right of natural- ll glccrll cmbilcetl .by lho teuerol doscriplior of piiri.

noioEtL"tioo i ond, undoubtedly, each o'oe of ll [ii"r'l'fri.'.Yf"1'f[!Xiff"i:i?itf,3;,"]i[i,'li';
tbem nosseseed for itself the risht of natural- ll clccrly cmbiacetl br tho leuerol doscription orniiri.
izioglbreigners, and.each ou-eials9, if it lltl ll ll,t1uu,i"'j3"lf""b&J[.of,1l'":tl},li"Ll,'.^I,i"l,i"B:
sceDhtsOloclerClsert:lEoverelgnp0sYer'ml$nr ll lir6erl by tho t.rs or cousiltutio,'E o, rho Etsao iE
hsve declsred tbe citizens of every otber Stote ll whieh it-is!o beercrcirrd. -Thac, cnd mooy olhcrr
gceu uE so lo sl€fslJc lE EuvtrErSu Purrcrr rurEut ll lished by tho lBrs or co[stltutioE of tho stsao iE
hsve declsred tbe citizens of wery otber Stote ll shieh it-is to beerrrcilrd. Thac, cnd mooi othcrr
to be rlieris iu reference to irself. 

-Mth 
o ,1"* ll r\ir:! minh! bs mentioEod. *" rlfiXl"flTljl?

;;;;";;;ffi;h ilr,.i;;;;f-,li.eiaJi "..i ti ll lillfir"ffiffid"tl[y":"lf?e"8"$,"','" in ove' orhcr
put- the citizens-of the seversl--S^Late-s on an ll Statowjl Eroifcetlycslculotcd (tous.o the 6rpres-oot the citizens of ths Several States on an ll Stst6tis Eroifcetlycrlculotcd (touso the erpres-
ioualitv with each other os td oll fuodameo6l ll lio1g of t-[epreroblc-o!tbe c_orrcrponding pmvision

;.;ffi;i;i;;;;;;fr";-.d'i; rb;-C;;,ri: lllLll:fl$+**li1"",'"*,ll;""fill:lil;13".Ii,!:1"::
tationdeclarincthat"thocitizeaeofeachState ll eourrc cmo-nr-tho pcoptoof thsrlitrcreirt States ef
3rdttr *iltrlre-aUpri*iteges-rnC imqgnii-ll[goion.' "

entire length and breadth, so far ss the fscili-
ties given us would warranL

Ono rqsult of their investigatiooa.bas been
tbc joint resolutioo for tho omeodmeot of the
Oo'nstitutiero&tle- UnitedSt^t.s qow under

:s of cirizeng in the siversl-States." ' if-Suc[EttrEetrfiltf€rof the"yrivilqoe-mC--
Tlo eEect of this clause wss to constitute ll immnaities spoken of in^thesecond section of

ipso facto the citizens of eochoneof the origi- ll the fourth oriicle of theConstitution. Totbese
n-ol States citizeus of tbe United Ststes. And 1l privileges and imrnuoities, wbutever they mrry
how did they antecedeutly become citizeu.s of l[ be-.foi they ore.not oud. cronot be fully dc-how dld they anteceoeuuy Decome cltlzeDs oI ll oe-tor they are not ouo cllonot De lulU, dc-
the eaveral States? By birth or'by naturaliza- l[ 6ned io their entiro ertent otrd precise natun
tiou- Thev became gueh iu virtuo of uational ll -to thess should be cdded the ptrsooal riqhte
lar, or ratf,er of naturol law which recoguizer ll guorantiedandseeuredbythefrlteigbtam6n*.
p""iool horp. within the jurisdiction ofivery ll hentsof the CoiEfiTi-fi6i; suchie t6e.fiE"doo
iountry as being subjects or cifizens of'tbat ll of speech aotl of thc press; tbe right of the :
countrv. Such nersons were. therefore. citi- ll oeoole oeaceably to asgemble anit oetitioncountry. Such persons were, therefore' citi- ll people peaceably to aseemble anit petition
zens of the United Statea os vero born in the ll thcGovCrnmmt fora redress of grievances, r
couutry o? were made such by ncturolizstioo; lJ risht aooertaininc to eEch antl all- tbe oeoole:
ond tf,e Constitutioa declaris tLst tbey ar6 ll tb-erithitoteep-nnd tobear aran; tf,erishi
entitled. ss citizene. to all the privileees rud ll to beixeooted'from theouarterinabfgolcliepentitled, os citizene, to all the privileges rud ll to beixeopted from thequarteringofsolilier
immunitics of citizeoe in tLe seversl Stst€a. ll in e houge *itbout tbe conseut of the owuer;
Tbey lrq..by constiluiiond.ieht, eutitled to l[ tho lrchr h bc exeapt.from unreasonablc'lbey lrei D, con8ttluqonsr n8[r, eullueq rc ll tno ngIB lo Dc SreEpr tror! unreasonrDto
rhesapriyilepg snd ionotritieel and rnat o& ll rearcheo sud seiznres, and from auy acarch or
sort tf,is right and these privileger and immu- ll seizuro e:cept b! virtue of r rarfua! irsoed
oitieg andlsEfor !he!r euforcement whe-never ll upon a-formrl osth or !6davit ;-the righr of ao
thev po rithio tho lioitr of the several StsteE ll accused DeEotr to be iuformed of the oators
of [hE Uniou. ll of tho ac;olttion ogaiost him, ood Lir-right to

It would be o curiour quettion to solve vhst ll bc tried by au impirtial jury of the viciaage y

are the orivilesea gnd immunities of citizens ll aud'slso thc risht to bc secur€ rsaiast excesr
of eeeh 'of the3uteg in tha eeveral SBt€s. t Il ivc bail end a3[inst enrel?itf unirsml ponirb 

1do not propos€ to go a! aoy leugth into thrt ll mentr.
question B! ihic time. It vould be e eonethar ll No., ri4 Lcre ir l paea of privile3er, im.
Sorren discugsiou. But it ia certoin the clause l[ uuuitier; aod righb, rorrc of them Blqgir1tbiEorren discugsiou. But it ia certoin the clause l[ uuuiti6r; aod righb, rorrc of thirm a3critf Ei -
was inaerted io tbe Conatitution for someRood Il the *cood rectioo of the foortb ErtiaIG ol-Ihc
Durpo8e. Ithasiavierromoresultrbene6cial ll Conetitutioo, rLich I hare recited,.gdtd bi
io the citizena of the eeversl Stoter, or it would ll tbe erct eigbl emeodments of the Coostitutionl
not be fouad there: vet I om not arore thsl ll gnd if ir r foct rell rorthy of rttcati0! thsi
tbe Suoreoe Courd f,ave ever oodertlLen to ll thc courao of decisioo of oor c'ootts aod tbc
defae tiither the naturo or €rtent of-tbc priv- lJ p."r-"qt rettled-docuine- ig that all thcas -iro'
ilegea snd immunitier thrrs guarantied. - In- Il irqnities, privileges,ilStt!,thusgu&snticdbt
deed. if my recollection serves meitha!court. Il theConstitution orrecoroizedbyit,rresceorcd
on s'certain occarion not many years aince, Il to tUe citizen solely as i eitizeu of tbc Unihd
when this question reemod to preslat itsclf to ll Sutes aod rc a pirty ir their eourtr. TLot
theo. rerv- modcstly declinetl to qo into o ll do not oDerclo irthc rlicbtcst degrce al r rur
dednitioo of theo. Ieavior questiois orisinr ll straint or prohibition uion State legiclrtixi'
nndertha chnea to be diicrisaedendediudiill Strtararsioteffectedbitheo.aodithgbceaunderthc claure to bo dilc&c€dendsdiudif ll Suter"rsiotafectedbitheo,aodithubceo
cated rhen thev should hoooeo oracticgliv to Il reocatedly hcld that thi rertribtion oatained
arire. Bot re moygother i6mc iotimatioi of ll in'the Coirtitutiou againrl the-tehog of pri.
rhat probably rilfb-e the opiaioo of the judi- ll rate property for publio ure rithoot frrt-com'
eian bv referriol to a care ediudced manv ll nene8tioo iraotrrcltnctioDuDo[gtrtclogr.-

"oi" rlo in oae"of the circait'eou-rtr of thir ll fetion. but apoliee onb b tb; hlirlstior-o,ftgJr tb i;;1e'o! tue 
"!.c'iiJJ"'.u 

ori['g [l L"ti;;; lot apptiee only h tti tcgirl"tio"-o,f
Uoitad Strter bv Judqo Weebincton: and I ll Cooqreg. ..',p*r .; :.
rilt irooble tho'senati but ioi imo6err! by ll !6v, rir, therc irnopgrergiveo io tbccotlr

tnoegprbsa.+ih.BtiOn
bif,'*tr, jo;&lrrsclr q 66d

tb4

tle foture agaiast the recurieacs of tbe enor-

i! ras necesscrg. in order to tregtors oeaca and
qpie! to the coiitry aud again to im'part vigor
rod eEeiencv to the laws. and esoeciallv to
obtain eonetf,iog in the shapeofi aicurity for

=illc.ErctrccilqoC rhcrmeldmentttey hovc
lobnitted for tho consideration of t[e two
Eouges relat€e to the privileger and immunities
of citizeus of ihe se"eril Statis, and to the rights

r ;;,fi ;; t 6;il i;]i ;;.";fr ;';i;;f.;; ; i,"" ;
." or others. under the [asc of the United Statec.
i I| declores that-

-No Statc rbrll rakcot aaforcc ely lrr rhich ehrll
rbri,lro thc priyilegesor immunititrof citizeos of
tbc Uniterl Etater: nor ehall sn, State depriye rn,
Dcrton of life, liberty, or propert, rithou! duo Dro-o.aof lsr; nordeoy to sD, Dorson rithiu itr jurir-
Cictior tb. cqu.l DrotoctioE of tbo lrrr.

ilro orohibitr e-och onc of ihc Statcs from
rhpriving arii persoo of life, Iibertt, or p?op-
crty rithoot due proeesr of lu, or denyiag
!o eay- penon- ritlia tho jurirdictiou of the

- It rill be observed that thir'ir a geoerol
prohibitiou opon all the States, os aocb, from

: ibridcint tle orivilecer sad inmunities of the
l'citirc;! 6f tUri Uniuiit Stater. Ihat is its 6r8t
ldruse, and.[ regord it os v-cry important. It

Stueili equal protection df its lars.

*iai"iil"t i["t;;t1*;J-ana ercitienl ll *iiutioir 6 enfoita ria to Eorry oot ra7.o{'
iudce 

"ssys oboot tberi privilcges nnd imouni- il thesc guarantccrr. Thrg orc not porcn grrrotcd -.'
[ier-of t[e citizens cf edch State in thc severol ll by tbe Coortiotioo to Congesr, sod or oort*



.oteer,_ a porer Dot fooid io the Constia-tiou.
'\ .. Lhe Isst tro cJaurcr of the 6nt rcetion of

". 
tha amendmeot dirsble o Stste from denrivino

IEE CONGBESSIO}TAL GLOBB.'2166
Ma n;'

do noteomc litbio thc rreepiat clrurc of ttre
Con*itntion rutboririug Coi$tao D; eflhrr a eeegrry aud propi.t foi';rrri;(t; tf,e
tot"totog or grsutad porcra..tu,- tf,Ev rtrnd
tuJlty ar a bill of ri8[t ia i]c Conatiation.' rrttout porer or the p"tt ofConcress to qive
tLem foll effect; rhile at thc rate time-the
Et ter ttr oot rcstniaed from violstinc t}e
grinciples enbrar*d ia ttem erceDt b;'th;;
oru locrl eourtiiutioa.r, rhich osy'bs i,ltored
F. yq"r to )rear. The g"e.r o6."t;aii;
Drtt rcctlon 9f rh;i. smsndoeot ir. tberefore.
to-rertrgin thc porer of the iitr6;t;;:
pel -them at rU tioes to reEpect there rrect
ton<la,a6otgl luarantee!. Eoi rill it be'done
uEder-rh. preseut aoendmeat? Ar I bave
!lo.!rlcd, tbey arc uot poren rlrot€d to
Coagrers, and thercfore it [r necerrirv. ifthev

'ril"$dt?".ffi '[Sq",[iifl *#*iit]:i
..: iii:il5?flTlfi :lffirffi:tfJ$#lf'._ rDrct rlcclgrerthst-..lte eouqress rhall h.rvi- porer to enforce biippropriltilOAs:;titrn tI;
t plpvisions o-f -thie ortlcleJ' .EerE ic a directr tttnDattva -delegrtion of poter to Coacrcrs tocrrry out all the pri-acip[er of all theie grar.

il u:t+i*t #iffir't#i,*m# 
ll X.Uii*tr,;ffi

l|;*,.,rn"S;"ffg:,"r *. proposed emend. 
ll fr"d",[,.*ifmt;k iltri'rFff

ll,iili.tFsrui$.','*;ir#,"#"x#"itli{ liiiil,,i:,li;ij*j*i'"';xlT".:t#,irTTii
ll$i,*tliiiffi;iiliiiiff tr,Ji*'ifi,i'ifr lhr"ffi *!f iffi :,i#*,",;:ln$:i:nffr '
ll DortroD of !b EBlc citisenr Dot less thon trenrv-- ll r_ reel I Proloond convtctlon thst it ir not |L,

ll ei*fi:,."1{{",*lf:lrJf,et*j.,"fiririB."ll*'f li fi:H::lJ};i#;;t":}i"ffi1l;,,",11};f**

ll*"f,",If :.;l::ili*::.;:.ff ;ll[-,il'ffij.::i'ffi ;;r]r-;ti]j#ihttrll votiog ia denied or abridr

kmm$r:**lI
'l[i.{,.*;:r"o;1"]"ie;ffi iT,is*i.llli*'ffi1tr;s;"#[i.Tilli::h,ffi
lfi 

,S'"Hi*,,t#i,3,"*'"f i1-1,,',,.,t6,ili:;lit""ti;1q,.J.f i,*t$f i;qi:i'*$,#
lpi"ir""*",c;;-d-t-";ffi I$iJ.*Hfi f lru::Frm;;'*";si'r.*$:':3;j:#.

ig-ffiffi''6rr*mwllI popurar sense ot,o", ",li[3l"rT:rn"rt* ii l]:
li:,H!'S.T"f f l#?l'f,"l"Tfr :T,tJ,i};lir:s"t"ri,til".l*t;'",""#tul'ffi
I here rrbar will we iro; 'it. iJ ;;i a[; d;;;;i;; l: ;.r',;;t"gJ;;;;i;i;J; ffitea, rhot the bon

Ix,!1i#:ii['$Y.'i,:,',""';$'].:ii:f; ],""T jiifu];i:_.;m.g, jxlyi#.8:[,,?J"11H*

ssT"*r,i:x"Tfi iI[,J#ti*,:,rxlilli;xi*rlii#*:tnffi
lj",*'*xt*'-J,fl,1;,s1,.':llu,]f."*',ff..tiirru**,W,**tffi
gmendments ire ti be eubmined do. in uie li iird uJitiie{iriot:ii"r-#odfiT#-&,#Ffr#

i#,,1f; i*fl kT[[,":'i":]J,i'11#TtJi;5::;,,*.*"rut*i*-,1*rulffi+ffiffiil
r*t*Hri',tff "li,1:::ilit:jltiiTjxTf, ll:mr:ii,;1"i,:'xl*n*f :#;:"11":Biored race. It hae nothinc't;_do;irhih;tq*;- ll ;;;;;;; t[;;[fi;;;;il];r" r]e rroueo oftion-,_ae.I.shatt sbow befo're t t"t<e .y-ae"i. 

-i 
ll ii;;*."ntatives.

eoold wigh tbat the elective fronchiic aho_uld ll 
- 

dhe [r;e-6i]br priacipLc]cr.cersed ia i!..;be extcnded eouallv to the rhite man end t" ii a"i[iclid."I;:iiidrfrIffm,qfffieffi
tbe black -an;' and if it "ro,"oo.ia"".ti";;;;i j"",[,il+ci':':{ll}i"{rffi;$iffi .t'*f.T#,
iTii-i*l*",1i.r:lllr:ixi*iliii lli"r:t#r*t$f *iql#;f i[{f*and.so did the.iorumiuee. . ' 

ll iistA'i.;[i-c"]iiri"tii"".'rTiir ..,,uin ,o"r.The cotored race are dearined to -remain llrtiri-r"i.ili ?;i;;-;;il;;;;:,Xiil1Jff;
iT:l'.''{d:f 

,"i",::.[::.;m;t',1'l$ll:mJll"x*i*,ffi#ffi
fr:ry"**.",1!o;:r$,'":ln'gr, ;i:g *; i i iit"trsort to expel or erpatriore that roee-ttoi Il c*.Gilll"r.y-6;;ffi_EtH;iffi-ffi
$ji.,J:ir**"?#'i:i:":t"iiili;,,f :..Hlli".tl,m":f *,f*,Hffi "#S;fl rI-
J"i:"'.":T":?":i:.',"',"j;;ii.UL?#ii: li ff"uli#lilfi "rT":fily:1"jf,n "'*"tXfIcolored rsce in rhiscou.qtryi..efrffi{ID:titrr ll ini-siit-, ,Eir.;t;;;iff["#.*Htt"ti*i
?qr-qIgj t.uel {€ to remain-in our midst, ond ll the whole of their [laek noouletion. be enti.

li{:iiffi T:,:l{liJiri{t:il:.,?:r ,\i{ ll 1i"",!3.,,J:,itf.1l.,x}.".,.".$"t*,ryru,il,;ll:
iiJfird':i:"il"Tfri,ii:i".f:'Jil.,il;:",TH,; 

ll :"yi:,;lufir"":J#ffill:,1"*:l"i#,#""ri;nidst. lYe cannot help ii. our forcfstrrcri il ;i,;;, .u"I *" noirnii'it to-t u-.rr".c ihar onentroduced them, and. th.eir deirin-v i;;;;;: Ii ;?;i,; [*it.:id'"if";;;tilHil'f iil;;;rnlre among us; and the practical qrrestion jl is to incenrc tbe llcnr6rcntstives of the larsynreD now presenrs ttselt-to us ie as to thc best lj eloveholding Starcs? 'I obiect to tlris. I think
uooe ol Setung slong with-tht'm. ll thcy cnnrrofvery eonsisieritlv call unon nl tolhe commrttee were of ogrinion thrt the l'grant them ou odditionol n'umber bf Bepre.
;ll!:::f Dot yet preprred.tosanction ao fun- ll ientati*ei iirpt--rr""",i1, i',i-i""?q,i.i.-J "iIam.ental acbsnge jr.s would be the concession ll their o*n miscbnduct tbev Lave lostil,e prop-
I the rtght ol sutlrage to tbc colored roce. lj erty which they once p6ssessed. and rhi6h

il1t"JJ:f,ii'ff;;;1J,,'fi:l{,:li, j}':'I',iliiiillf.



2.'7 T_vry CO}IGRESSION AL (iI,Ul,.UL

io 6rinr tbe basis. Tbo committee
i. nuobei s tLe mool jrut ond satis'
bosisi rnd this is tbe priociple upon
rhc-€eoerirui,oo. itsqlf _rrqr 6rigi nilly
r tt f ttrcbE bof rrprergntalioulhould

rrrxlarreL' I thiirk, after
uilrt-r*urc- principle
rm6tr! can rcsL Num-

, This leaves ofthe colored populatiou of
United States in the otber States unrepre'ted SBtes ln tUe Otber btales uDrepre!

l'our million four hundrcd snd fourteeo

tliis ptovisiori ctts down ttc represeolalion of
thlrt Stste.

IIr. tIOIVARD. Ccrtainly it does, no mat'
ter what mny be the occRsion of the restric'
tion. It follows out the logical theory upon
which the Goverument wrs founded, thst num'

tioo of the Senstor to tbe word t'abridged"
before he ossses from thot bmnch of the sub'
j-ect.- I s[ould like to understaod the opera'

bers shall be the basis o[ rcpresentction in
Congress, tho only truo, practical, and safe
reou-Llican principle. If, then, ll$ssschusctts
sbbuld so fir foriet herself as to ercludo froo
tho riqhi of suffrase oll oersons who do not
beliert with mv ho-norablo'friend rho sits nesr
me [][r. Suvlenl on the rubjeet of negro
suffrise. sbo woulal lose her neprcsentotion in
orooo"rtion to that exclnsion. 

- [f she sboulil
lxelude oll oersoos of whot is known as tho
orthodox faiih she loses rapreseotatioo io pro'
oortion to thst esclusioru No matter wbst
ircy be the grouud of er-cluaion, rbetber o
wait of educotioo, o ront of prcpercy, a v8nt
of color, or s rantof anythins o[sE, iL ia su6'
eient thgt the oenoo is excluded frou the crcua
qorv of voteri- aud the State hrea rcDrclGnta'
liori in propo*ioo. The principlc a'pplier to
ayew ooe of the Statrr in Dreckely tha srrD€
manhe". Ancl. sir. tho inro borii of reprs
sentstion is thb whole populotion. It is oot
DroDertv. ib ie oot educCtion. for grest cbuseq
iro,ita iiise from tho adoption oI the one oi
the other of these two tesli. Experience hoe
shoru tbat numbers snd uomben oaly is the
only true and gafo basis; vhilo nothing ir
cleirer tban that pmperty qorlifcatioos snd
edocatioagl ouali66a66or-hdve aa i.uevitoble
oristocrotic tindency-o tbing to bo Evoided.

llr. STEIYART. I wish to call the atten.

of !Ir. Madison, whose re6ections upon thc
rrgirr ot- suiGnge wdlFdr![!!F!Etftur-!otrS*-
eried ood prolbund, to show rvhat vere hit
iders respecting the right of suffrage cnd thc
per.sons to whom it ouglrt to be grsnted. It
npplies to this whole subject. They epply ar
riell to the negro es to the whito man. Mr.
lfodison has beeo discussing the question of
conGning tbe right of suffrage tc freeholderr,
ond he observes:

"Coo0nioc tbc rirht of sufrragc to frccholdcr
oad to such-rr hold oo'cquivoleol nroDortt, con-
vG?tiblc. of conrse. into frechol,lr. Tbc ohioctiot
to tbi! i€sutstioo ir obviour. Il violale. thc vitrl
priaciplc"-

Eere mv honoroble frieod frou Ugssschu.
setta will'obserue rbat I regard es the vital
principle of repoblicao goverument I il is.not
iepreseotation because of taratiool it it thir-
"tho ritot oriociolo of frco aovehocot, thrt th6a
rho rrc to-bc bound by ths lorr ouaht to brro r.
voicc io mdrin3 thoo."

Th.Bt is thc ooint: ths! those rr.ho gre to tlc
boond bv tho'lsrs'outht to havo c voicc iti- '-
iraEiai,ihelstrt'. -. -.-".1--.-- U!. JO ENSOIL-' I)oes the bonoitlg-fi&*. '- .

bcr read froo Modison's lYritiogs? -.'lUr. EO\YARD. The fourih volune'bf
Madisou's Writings, pzge2l. I

Mn SUIINEB.- [s thot opplicable co all
without distioctioo of color?

Ma EOWABD. Certainly it is, and whether .

thev csn reod aod write or not" The point ia
thgi the person who is bouod by the lawr iu
a free Golvernroent ougLt to hsve E voice iu .

making them;- It is the very esseoccof repab
Iican goveroment. Agein heobserves, page 27:

" Uodcr overy vier of thc subjeot it sccmr indk
pcnsablc"-

I wish the attention of my honorable frieud
frbo Naryland to this, for I kuow hor much
ho 

'eqore-nces the character tnd tsleuts of

one geveoth porl of the whole population
o Utited States. Of tbis lasr nuober,

losc treotv-bor nedberg of thE bthei
rc of Confress. Sooe bove esuiosted

ir loe! moroind sooe lesr; bot accordiog
the berl calculatioo I bcve b€eu oble to

uiue huudred on8 thirty.6ve, or ot

)I thinlr thrt will be tbc erteoL It ir

The

Mr. EO\YA
regard as a Etere inteositive,- applicoble to

"Uoder orery vier of tbc rubject"-
t'Everv view of tbe subiect,tt not a partiol

view. but'everv view whichLud'presented itself
or could preseot itself to the mi-nd of thol, great
UlOn-
'51 mmr indliri-corablc tbit tbc mro of citirenr
eh6uld oot bc rithout r voicc in pakin8 tbc lrrr
rbich thcv rrc to obcr. rod ia obooliDr thc E{ii}
tirrrrhd rrc to rdEiiister tbeo. And if thc oolv
ittoinetiJc bc Setreeo nn equol rad uoirercrl rilh!
of eufrxc for erch bronch of thc GoeornncnL iDd
iconinc-ocntof tho cotiro rigbt to o psrt of thc cit-
irioe. ii ir b.tlcr tlat tho!. bovios tho 3rortor intcr-
iitii rtrlc. nsmalv. thot of propcrtv rnd Dcrront
boilL. rhould bo dedrived of holf tbcir rbsro iq thr
Oovemooot. thon lbat those bovina thc lescer intcr!
crt. tbat of pcrsougl rigbtt oaly. shou.ld be dcprivcd
of tho rhola"

- T,",: i.lltl jlt'ilY *tii'*x r,H?,'JI
from rhich f heve read, andhorcan aDJ, tDl!
of tro s republican feeli n g, ottsched to tb€ eqseD
1161 pfilbiples of our systeo of governoentl
refuce tbe 

-right 
ofruffroge to tbe whole oeg5o

oooulstion ts e cl8ss?' kr. JOENSON. Femalerorrell ar males?
Mn EOWABD. Mr. MadisoodoernotsaY

ravtbioe. sbout feoales.
[tr. Iogxsox. "Penon!.". IIr. EOIVABD. Ibeliove Ur' yadison rlt

old ooburh and riec enough to trlc itforgrsoted
there reJ cuch rthingas the ler of nrture rhicL
har r cerisin iaf,ueoie eveu io political rFoirq
rud that bv thet lav womeu aad childrtn retl
not recerdtd as thc eouslt of men. f,r. Modi-
son ro-utd not havo quibbted rbout the question
of rooeo's yotior or of ao infga!'s volioS.
Es lavr down a bioad dernocratic principlct
tbst ihoss rho are tobe bound bythe larr
ourht to brve r voicc in mcking tbem; ud
cvirvshero Datoro Esobood is tho reprelo[t'
rtivi tvoc of the homon race.- I hai6 brrt verY litlle to ray, )(r- Preridooh
.r to th6 Oird section of thir rosadoeot. It
rerdr rr follorr:

8rc. t Until tlc {tb rlr; of-fulv. io tlo .rcu lSlB

*fi 3fi?i"o..'l*tl;tY"tP."r.n['.8J:?.i"ijf,
fmo tbr TLbt to Yot fot EcptIcBttElg! lE-uoq-
rio ud fot Gl..to?, for Ptcidon3 rDd Yroo rlar:
ilorr o( tho Uuiud Strtor.- 

fr ir rtue p ny..lf to 80, thot I did q,it ilni

Jaoes Uoalison=
th6 preceding sentencer " but nhenecer, in any
State, the elec^tive franchise shall be deoied to
rov nortioo of. its male citizens ttot less tben
rwi rity- ooe years of agg d'r in aoy way abridged "
to anv uorti-ffif ite malecitizeor lot less tbaa
tweniv-'one "e:ceot for oanieiparioo ic rebel'
[ba. cLother erim6, tLcdasis of represontolioo
in sqcf, 

-Stste 
iiEs[ be reduced in the propon

tion which tho nuober of auch msle citizeos"

to'be discuised-the couuiuee have no di+
ition to ioncell tbc fsct-that thir eoeod-

-tbat ie. the number of citizeos as to whom
it is eithir denied or abridged-"ehall bear to
the whole uumber of molo citizens [oi less
tlan twentv-ono Yeant ofose."
- I euopoie it ioold ed;i3 of the following
ibolicaiioo:: a Ststc in thc exerciro of. iu
eoicrp*lrlgqcr.oEr' thc question of suEage
miqht oeroit one ieriod to Yoto for. Eoobor
l6f lue State Lesisfgturs. but prohibit the ssme
oerson from v6tinc foi r Representstive io
Conrreer. That r:oold be an- obridgrnent of
the -risbt of auftare: ond that Denon rould
be included io the-eidusion, co'th8t thc rep'
reseotstioE from the Ststc roold be reduced io
proportion to the erclocion of D€rrou! tholc
iirt'tg reethr rbrkli"d, -.-trIr. STEWARE-- IaLc a carc of tbia kind:
buppodu thath tbi Sdtl they rlould allor tbc
nei'roca to vota rho had bcen iu the Armyr or
vb-o bad - ttrrcrt&rerl. qnrlifisldqqa 1 rould-
thoce rho did voce bo inituded io tb'c-berir of
reDr*entstion. or rould thrt bc ro ebridg'
Eaotof tblt clasrof peraonr rotharthoyvoold
ell be exclutled?

Un EOIVARD. It i3 Dot ao abridgment
to o c.st€ or clsrr of penoos, but tho ebridg
rnenl or tho denicl appliec to tho ponont
indisiduallv. If thc honorable Senalor rill
read tbe riction carefully I rhioL hc rill no3
doubt ar to it! truo interpretslion. It rpplier
individually to each aud every pcrron rho ir
deoied or ibridsed, aod not to the claar to
rhich he mov belonr, Itnr&er no dircioctioa
bctreeo bb6lc rod ihito, or bctreoo red rn{
rhite. erceo! thor if ro ladian ir couated io Do
mosl be nrSjCCt tO trxrtiot- . -- r. -.. *{

But u toiha priaciplc of rcprereotrtionr f
bec to call the-rlreoiioo of S6noton to tro
pdsrge. rhich I vill read from thr lTritiop

ffi** -ruffi*tt*Lt#"'Ui
luiou -to tbe right of ruffrage, ttrrt bal'
ofoorer in Coosresr rhich har been ro
their pride aod tf,eir boast

I[rill be obgerved, horever, tbat this amead'

!ft.-CLABE If thc Scortor rill pardon
rfor r'mooeo! I rish to ioqoirc-rhetb-er
r'committoc'e ittentioo rac -cellod, to tlo
* thoc if ooy Strta ercloded say pcrrorr rlr
Xosrachuretu doer, for raat of intellfooce,