Brief for Appellees

    I

s 6778 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
to have thls matter brought to B vote Although r dlsaEree wlth the conclu.
a.s expeditiously as possible. f have sions of the distlnEruished Senator
sald that from day one. I s:ill vote for from UCah, I thlnk that the Senate ls
cloture today as I have always lntend- ltself ln his debt for the numerous, ex-
ed to do. tensive, and comprehensive heartngs
I have made the potnt that I dls- which were held on thls blll.

a.gree with sectlon 2 and sectlon 5 and My own sense, as I shall dellneate, ls
that my primary obJectlons lie wtth that the bill ls constltutlonal as lt ls
sectlon 2. I have made the polnt thet wrltten; that lt ls not necessary that
the constltutlonaltty of thts matter ls the Votlng Rtghts Act parrot the 15th
not concluslvely resolved. regerdless of emendment tn terms ol any constttu-
what the Senate or the House of Rep- uonal requlrement of an lntent stand-
resentagves do here. Thts matter wlll ard tr order to be constttuttonal that

I qo I5 procee(l Eo mBEe a recoro. . - ttve hlstory Ol the a,nendrnent tO SeC;
l.l1o!u^jJ"Iv,Io!_r._fl!-cgopelat€ to tron z ano-provin recod ot judcral re.

not be resolved finally untll the Su- the Congress has full euthortty to
preme Court speaks deflnlttvely. I be- have a dlfferent stenda.rd of prool, and
lleve that when tt does, lt wlll strtke that the results test wlll pess consutu.
down the asrended sectlon 2. tlonal muster.

Although I differ trom s eonstltu- Stnce we have Eome 63 nlnutes tg,
tlonal perspecttve wlth these two oof nelntnC untU the tlmo for the cloture
vlslons, I slrongly Eupport tnc Voitns voler I thlnt thlr would be an sppr6
RlghLr Act and 

-strongly 
cupmrt lti prlete tlme to eleboratc brlefly on ny

tradltlonal goals and obJecttves. ngYs.

"Jfl,;il"-f"li[t??:?3til"til:fl 'T;"T',ll33iliH,lHf"1f"f *:iuttonar Offiicur-Ues ,4thE.ffifi;ft. proceed as promptly !6 posslble to the
blll reenectnent of leglslailon to protect

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*t fr i;;31ffIi#5,T# n#H l8ff-#,.'*ffi 

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f$n$rt #i *,rt"lf$ H-"*"' "'f; 
-ffi'r',"r""u tr_hqy9-pGg..3 grrsr-

ffiHffia, rrrrtrner aS pOSSlble.

;*r,"*"'"X-5il,Ff i5,iry5gHPf"i;;3h"rl'"'"'."Iffi Tiffi 
"ucndnents and r.esolve thlr natter *i'r- hopcl,t ttrrt thc gcnete wlllonc way or the other.

,ffi

Ihave been maklng. tremes are enuued to llttte wetght tn
. ,t-t the present tlme, 

-a!I 
thet.I wtsh ii,;l;ht ;G;;;ne,;ci-crt", legtsla,to do ls proceed to meke a record. iirl 'rrrot^* at i.tea onanzlmanO 0a aa-

June 15, 1982
bers almost purely and simply have
prevailed. In the context of charges of
raclal discrimination, numbers have

. always assumed and will likely conttn.
ue to assume a Iess prominent rote as
one part of the fabrlc of the clalm.

Neither I nor any of the other co-
sponsors of the perfectlng language to
sectlon 2 have spoken ln favor ol
"raclal quotas". Indeed, the btll passed
by the House, the Senate bfll 65 of us
heve cosponsored, and the compromlse
language aecepted by the Commlttee
on the Judlclary each expressly dts-
avows the lntentlon and result wlth
whlch opponents seek to color the
debate.

The Eouse blll and the orlglnal lan.
guage of S. 1002 proclalm:

Thc lac0 tJrat meDrbeE of. r mlnorlty
tiroup havc Dot bcen elected ln numberr
equel to the lroup't Droporilon ot the popu.
latlon ghall not, ln and ol ltselt. consutute r
vlolatlon ol thls eectlon.

And the report ol the Eouse Com-
mlttee on the Judlclary explalneil
Itc Dropoced araendhaBt doca not creatGr rtsht of DroDortlon8l reprelentailon

Thur, the trc0 thst nemberr ol . nctal or
len8rlasc Elnorlt, 3roup have not be€n
clcctcd ln nunbcr! GqUEI to the Sxoupt Drc
Dorttorr ol ttrc Dopulatlon doer not, ln ttseu.
ooutltutc a vlolBtloD ol the recuon el-
tJrough arch proot ilona rrtth ottrer ob,eo
Uve frcton would bc hlShly ttlevsnt. Net.
thcr doee'tt creetc r rlght to DroDotilonel
reprcrentrilott rr I renedy.

lf that lenguBgc lett eny doubt ln
others' Elnd4 thc blll rcportcd by ttrc
courmltt€c leever ao roon tor nlrun-
derstandtng when lt !ays:

Ttre ettcnt to ?hlch nembcrr ol r Drot ctcd clelr hevc bcen electad to olflcc ln
thc Etrtc or Dollttcsl lubdlvhlon lr onc ..clr-
cuEltalroG' rhlch nry bc coruldercd, Dro-
vldcd thet lothlDt h thll rcctton ccttblbh6. rlght to brvc nemben ql r protcct
Gd drlr clectcd ln nunbert cqurt to ttretr
proDottloB ln thc populetlon

Could there be a nore dtrect denlal
of any tntent to enact ractal quotas?
Could there be any more preclse dls-
evowal of thet whlch lncltes the rhet
orle ol rsce? I.et u8 not shrtnt lrom ln
surlng the fundamental rlghts of
raclal and language mlnorltles ln

ol such sn

lng or some portent of the raclal
quotas opponents of the totality-of-clr-
cumstences test conJure forth. I-et
them polnt to an exarnple of excess or
guota m8ktrg. They have not because,
slmply stat€4 they cannot. The courts
have been most careful and restretred
ln thls reSard and declare at every
turn that raclal quotas ere not the test
nor goal.

As the commlttee report notes:

gettlng thts bfll resolved one wBy or gtralnL
the oth-er. I persolally hope that ell-ot Anr. 

--prestaent, 
ttrc ucndment toour colleszues wlu conrlder voflng tor secflon z oittrc ict-aos not tniroaucecloture on thls matter. prool oI resurts oi dlgcrtntneflon G-iMr. SPE9IER. Mr. Eesldent, f Joh radlcal way; such o nethod of piooi

wlth the dlsttngulshed Senator from has atwayJ exbted. f.foi aoej tfie
utah- ln the hoge that cloture wlll be amendment to secilon 2 tnJec[-nim-
voted and thst we can proceed to the bers wlth any new maglc. Btattsttcat
conslderaiion of thls lmportant plece evldence wlli rematn -whet lt hasof leglslatlon. r comnenq the- dlsiln- always been, a pert of a showlns tromgulshed senator lrom utah for the whtcir a co-urt- ntgtrl conctuae ttratvery extenslve work whlch he has. racial dlscrlmlnauoir tn the aeuat of
9oqg ln the Judtclary Commlttee and abrldgment of vottng rlghts has been

were held before the subcommtttee on rn reapporttonment cases not lnvolv.the constltutlon. I Dertlclpatea ur trrs cladB ol dlscrtmlniuon no ptatn-
those hearlng,' glthough not e ilfl ts requlred to prove the ud;wful
member of thet partlcular subcommlt- "purpose" ol the- leglslature ln ltstee. uneven drawlng ol dlstrlct Unes. Nu;-

Juru
A1rts

the a
Court
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puts 1

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'i 'lane 15, 1982
ltk dbclalmer te cntlrely oartct Dt Tlttr

ttrc lbove-menlloned Eupremc Cour3 ud
Court ol Appeelr prectdentrt rhlch contrla
dntlas rtst€ments rcgerdng thc ebccncc ol
uu rlght to proportlonel rcprercntetlon It
Drrtr to lcst rny GoDo?llr t'lrrt brve bccn
volc.d about rsclal quotrs.

i;- Ihe great value ol rccoaltmlns
rorltnSi test ol thc courts ovcr.
rut decade up to tlrc Boldcu llt
b lt! utlllW lP dlstlnsxdlhfng: ctrer ln rhlclr e radelor lengnnSp
nclty ltx bcen cllectlYply lcnced
ol thc polltlcel Dmccal ton tlrm ln

. thlch r Sroup rrm mcrclt ldled tO
I frdclDltc glvar en cqud omorfirnlt,I or bcto uncuccc$ful tn elcgtln3 rcDrc'
, centattves ol lte cbolce gtrco r lelr

e,hrnce.
In thls regard, I thlnt tt lnDortlnt

to note, lI only brlctly, why I levor ttre

CONGRESSIONAL RE@RD - SENATB s 67?9

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holdlng ol dbcrlnlnruon on remlnA
Tlre rtshts ol raclel rnd lengurm ml.
aorltles should not be Eade to depend
on tbc rdrnlrston ol rrdrl EoUvstlon
or erallebtllty of ancb cxtcndvc locel

Bponrcrr, thll neasure should notr
pmoeed to spcedY Pessrga ltrlth the
contlnued cooperetlon of our col'
leagues ln the Eou8e, we ghould now
be eblc to meet our AuSuct deadllne

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------4. end lulllu our leglslettve recponslblu-..
thc adrclrtlstlnccstrty.ffia*.illrtda;IE:'*-

t st, on trrc other hr'T!^ryj5ql9l _I1l9 ryryP^qo oEEICER. rtle
conotnend lL It doc. not reqdrc tJrot senatorfronUtalu
cblrSe or. shco Dn vcoi tlrc bnod ol tlr. EATICE lf,r. Ecaldent, I I'tnt .

rrclrm- It doce not tnvoltc tlrc Fldcn! to thrnl ttre dlstlngglahed Ecnator
,udtctr ln nlolntl -thc -uncxprcaacd fron Pcnnsylvrnlr lbr b1' Llnd 1"
noilvaflonr ol atrla lcglelr,tlvc of cr' merfr eUoufnc tn h1' ctrt mcnt hct."
cetrtlvc actlon todrv. Elr ellortr tlosclvu deterre

htgh ptelrs.
Tbc tlentlemen her rtsted bortver

thst thc opDoncntr ol ttre rcsuftr t tt
h*vc lelled to cltc e ctngle easc tn
whlch there has been the lmpocltton
of Droportlonsl repreaentatlon Al-

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iotelliotcfiurnsten&s iesl over the cW--!v voEurg ror uroEG ,uao---IlrL thowh I egrec thEt t!! cannot caslly
p'-t.t+"p;* rea{1flffiffi ffi1f*Ltl1ltgt ts13. *}* f,*"# HrHry,?j*l#'r5munctated bv JusUceainctuddsi-J,sticefi KH,H,H#ffi #Brt"r;*ffi E"":11i;#J*H[ieT#$plurallty oplnlon ln )
E^ldon
pru,.urlv uPuuvs a *=1==: end totercatr ctanot E -Sy11f* frinii, i;uld sttC rcverat-eximpliBoldeIL

r"iilfi il""rv,rsw.plf;tJ;ffi ,,BT]rEh$:-fr !,ffiS,ffiillJffi,#Str*"drffsiEillcrly con@med wlth t

rn bsr'-to'acra a-l,]Iffifffl' ffiJ$j-]Lllffi'# H*j $:*,x?B$ FE*;.ff ]f*;nortty clttzens. It l,s theffiiH#fir#itilfi,ffi;.i#ftiit 13tt rs wher may bc requtnd by rbc ifi#),"cttt ot pctcnbao a. t nttzd
:' ityot', thst rie * 44m}Iilll} :'#'i"tffi["*-t-"1p"-s:l- *f'j J#-* Si";;'g ;S,'*f;' It b at least qulzdc' rY.oer.ou**;#;;;;I; dence ncceasat?. ln amrdan_ce-rlt} iiiiii"i{lo us. 062.e?3), t.-tt,,d' ol mr colletsue! slil

reaker, objeetlve cten

llitTiln'i'#Igffi,xr,ig;:f;5"ili1'Lts#'i#,8.srpi?5;.?P,:'.g;-*mgiiygxr,
rtrh reason ro beueve tt woutt iaenti: ed-the ptutrlltv'e'rper!tqgl-!!9."Iq -ii#;;. iurai-ciiiti-si"i cd si:
l*;aiit'm**";:"""tl,1tit'r,:u: f':Iofy"f l,rffiFffii;lfriHtg iffi[i3fl;,Ti,LX*1."ffi8:,,{,
;ii;;ito;-toaiaarttonattesalstinaaras sovernlns tnlercnces lrom_facts._a'nd ffi;;ndfoii Crty and therr are
;d value". ln s ctvll bw Jetttng. there clrcumgtancer' t'lre nrler- tlt8l r.n8ke l.t, ;;;;. Tfire arc casei where the ..et-

H;,t$i':::l*"Xtt"'r**' "l'yS; i:i"i::f.3T"',",Hx'#tt$j"8fi! :f;g; #*:,H;lfr,*:f,tl,x
ctrcumstances or results test wher-eas, demends not Jttst prool of-lntent but ;fiifti:fi idoXea to me llke propor.

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onerous to prove sufflclent, protectlon ^-.'^:."""'-.^ rL^ -.^r,-- -,--.- ^,"^-1ll-i'::;;::: the "results" or "effeets" test has been
is settlng. the objectlve totoltty to the votlng rlghts o( rnclnl nnd l"- vrrs rurur^ vr

ffi8u:rgcmlnorlttes,whlchrightsare*in}f:9.l1-tl9,-?}]l;.I}:I9.1".^r*.^1TI
l5t'1,"f",t*XW*nm:lnt:l"b:i*?,"itl::$i"l'J*:".f'"ffi i

{;,.*ffiR*imff ;lfa,3rfii"Eil}:##"j":}i:ffi*fii+ 
"t iriJi-uv whtch to proteet ry;G,n through aectlon 2'

theCourt dlscrtmlnationfnvotfng-.fneCongre-ss -ft'9 IFESPING OFEICER' The
iiiiiiffii poi;" .iia s"ttroaii-li drern ilom se3ato3!1gt9gloAdo-.f-11"gi1a0, 

-ffi## :li fli*ffimfn,;'#""r,,itl o*#."ffi,if.,ffi,ii:hlffil$:l
fffiitrnnffiL to 6act rdedt8l iegtrieuon ; ffi would vtlld me lmlnute.

F Htrfffi,l$,*,.9*;"[H:ffi * ffi*1#a,ot,r*ronsry
lliJ".lT"si*5;ti*ts*ltlll:xJr"rrffi ffi*"'f '3:Tql}:tri

uef--aefJnaant ts dlgtculf enougtU tattli of ctrcungtiacer test ar th3t Vltlng Rlghtr Act extenslon lr,one of
o16rt.rq the collectlve- subJectlve pur- sove-rnlnr sectlon 2 casea. tlre most tmportant pteccs ol leglsfs-provlng the collectlvg subJectlve pur- gorrernlng sectlon ! casea. . Eno mosE rmporr,aDE plecet or re8lrara'

iose ot a leglslatutt 6r seitea of -gov- - tlhe .ludlclery Commlttee'e ecttonc tlon to be debated by Congtess thls
-erntng poUttca,l bodles ls c aoclologl-cal are testlmony to the hlgh regtsrd vlth ye8r. It rppresents the hope end prom'
trtstortri+ end psychologtcsl enter- whlch all votl4l rlghts aad mlnorlty lse on whlclr t'trls NaUon ls based-the
prbe of 'the m&f ermrmous soope. rtghts should be beld. The eommlttee rtsht to Yote, te8ardless of race or lan'
When the evtdentlery record does not blll ls e most slSnfflcant acblevement guege'
contaln the cmdest 

-ractel 
eptthet or expandlng as tt docs the protcctlon for The blll now belore the Senate ls

;smottng gutr,;' the outcomeLrei well the votlng rlghts ol ractat ana rrn- supDOrt€d bv norc thl! tlrree'tourths
depend on ttre avalleblllty ol I cen- nrage mlnorltlea WltJr tbe healdentl of ttre Members ol thls body. It bes
tury-tong hlstortcal recor( such as strong, personal endortement rnd the been endorsed by tlre hesldenL. It
tbgt wfuch relnstatcd the. Bolden extraordlnery nmber ol Senrte co- pasred ttrre Eouse of Reprccent*t'lves

standard.

3"^Au fr,,*" ru