Attorney Notes on Remedial Powers of Congress 2

Unannotated Secondary Research
January 1, 1985

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Matter
- Gingles
Case
- Thornburg v. Gingles
U.S. state
- North Carolina
Collection
- Case Files
Taxonomy
Identifier
- a3c26890-e092-ee11-be37-6045bdeb8873

Cite this item

Case Files, Thornburg v. Gingles Working Files - Guinier. Attorney Notes on Remedial Powers of Congress 2, 1985. a3c26890-e092-ee11-be37-6045bdeb8873. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/1be0cd5d-1b00-4222-8aa9-aaa21623144d/attorney-notes-on-remedial-powers-of-congress-2. Accessed November 23, 2025.

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-@pa;fs tb qrnrtitutioI'-t autbority-and tbo obligation-to clsnty rt orrg,
o.l^.ig rlr qrctiry Setlon 2 byrmcadiryi tltc.tarub ar 6l Sonaton hrvi propo-d
i! g lg9il frir body ir rell wit}in ita powcr to aoond t.ho etatut punuant'to itt
euAority-to.eaforcc tho Founeoath and Flfrenth Ameadnentr. It 4lrae tlre power
to onact legidrglop which goc beyood tlre apeific prohibitioae of thc Fourtaontb
ead Fiftantb A.uendnoatr themeilvr ro loi8 ar tf,o lesidation ir approoriato to
fulfill th. purpa- of t}o conrtitutionel pmriioan rr Thi Suprsme Cilirrtiar con-
ftuiagty rplintorgd 'L U&ilr. Only four Jurticc h.ld thrt dfucrininatorv motiva.
tioa ru rcquirud to pnova c Fiftaanth ADaadrD.Dt or Sction 2 violation-aad that,
tbo ptcirrsil6 had noi E t ihrt burdaa: ooo Jurtioc h.ld rhat the plainr,ifL had mot
tlp bur&a of provirg intrntionrl dirrininatioo" OD. Jutico bsld that th. d.rd-
ed of pt=oviog . violari.ln .hould b. b..od oa objetivc ratbcr tlrra rubjedve, moti-
vrtiood facton It E JuGicr rlirootr 6 8Dd rSirocd tbat tho plaintifia-hed mot thc
burdco of pnoving intcntional disioinatiol- 6e Jutico ru.oDod tbat proof of dir
crlninrtory ofict i. nrfficioot to plovc a violetioa of thir furdaoontat righl It
coafrrioo brousht ebqqt by tho onflicting or, 8t fet, bcsildering opir.ionr-reultr
h uod. of Judro Whit , ir to.viDS "thi count boloo adrift on irncbaned srrilb tuFct to lro! to prooocd on noand", 4{6 U-S. rr 108 (Whito, J., diratinr:,.

It ir up to tho S.ort oor to at th. counc rtra[bt ard to adopt thc rrril6/
rtfrar rradedr for Scctfum 4 ar ontriacd i! g. l90a-r.

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Attorney Notes on Remedial Powers of Congress 2

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