Memorandum from the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights RE: Amending Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act

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alactld ratun3.

tll. Conraou.mcr 0t Ih. lbbll. o'ci'lm

fh. crtar lltl9.t.d tlnc. )bblla ttq th't GvGn btlt'nt dltGrl'lnltlon Grn b' ln-
*f ,.iliiri-ii-pi.iii'oi-rnicnt'ri?6itico, tlorr rho dlrcrlrlmtc do mt cotDtrly .d-

iliiii-ii.i'rliil' [,v oi 6'i-priiiicir 90 b.cl d.c.dr'-rnd m rGcordt rrr tvrllrblr'
il;:'i";;i;;;i mi i"rn o.-.ii'..'-ii ihc !intngtru Port Hcr'ld F't lt: 'lt muld

r. auttr I trtcr tor rnyonr ti iriiii- ir,i-t.ott tnitr.gTliir-I6F-[ctttmn, lbout thGlr

ii.ili'lritiliii";-: 
-1'n'tr'r;.;;;i-;; iicrntlv raoptio pr'ctlcci' th'r' rr' pmbl!'

ot loolrl.tlv. lrtrlV to lc-iiny oi ttr rttvrilm 6rhlna rn 'nrclrnt' ln ' v!r'
;.;i';.;;:'il frii1'-ci..rri-i.i-ici trrt drcrrtont bJ r1't orn.1l .lGctor.t. rlso

l;-i;;;i;-rrir, tmrr.y.- ir,iriio"i, ,J/3t$ .dopt.ooi r.lnt.tn.d b, r.f.rtndr_
ili.lTli.'lA;;:";Iti;;r; priiitiit-iNvc'r' 'i'ort 

to r't thc leqllt rtrn&rd'

rn o". c.3.. rn rde.rr,l,l"ll,l;.1?lll.i::lll!.,*il.,nT[:":i:f:;,[::.il:',
.ln.t.d to th. cqrrt ol lPP.
;i;;i:i;;-iii'rurrni'.ii-oi'rp'iirr.lrSolilvrd'Yrlrt'rlbbllcrrtdrcl'cd'
il.ililc,,;;;rrr io*ia'ii ,.".lri'r,il'cicirton rna uelota tm66E rlcctloe lrr.

IT-::::l';^I':f:Hlll.:'il::'#'3:':H;[l'ii'lll." ilii.ifil il:Il:lil;," ;tl";.::Ui'!fiillil:?::i#"ri*.::irit*,"11,*:,:,::'t:[t l["':l'[:iL'ir,.'"o.ral tocus.d ov.rrhchlngly on thl contt clrl$. ;athrr than on Scc-

ilLT .iri"'iil.Itlii.iiiiiiiioi ,iir-iiciiiirul-I^:t:i:1.1.:1,,1:.:.:.::1":,,itrm z' lur ro rB crr3trr "';'il;i.-ilt;;i;-ii;t' oi ittttt r'qulred Prmt ot ln-
thl SuPre Court'3 dacltton tr

urh,i th. o--r.o .Jnfrfr iiif* t rtll ig!-bcil r 'lr'lq''rGN' Qt'ti lorbcc r q1clol, rtcmr
olrlntlltr tortultoutlv llnd afi *'iHiiy,ri;*i:;'uffiT,:r I 1"h1.;' ll.{F" ?ii?'i,[il$',' Iit'.o'

28'.1

Hor yeuld thc ProFrad tn.[d.cnt o, 5rcrton 2..]!pr.t.l

larond thrlr rlrrlrdlh! ot ttr l.9lrl.ily..nd l.9tl hlrtory, thr Jurtlctoep.rt ant .nd thG Slmtr opgonants ot tha prol{tcd Dcod[nt to Srctlon 2 .rl! thafl.t.3rrrtlm th.t th. trrt ot th. l&od.rnt rlll ln.vlttbt, mrn r quotr rlpioch
rnd puld ait.bllth a 'rlght' to proportlon.l r.prattntatlo.

Thlr lt oocc agrln a dlttortlng 3crra t.ctlc, :

Ih! Irglslatlvc hl3tory ln tha SourG of Rap.ttant.tlvcs E'la cllar thrt th.
l.ng$gt lt a raturn to thG'totrllt, of clrcutttn€at'tppro.ch ot th! t.rlltr c.r.r
ruch .r lirltr rnd lhltcmb yhtch r.p.rt!dl, hald th.t thtr. rr3 m tuch rlght to rln
ottlcrr 6iiprrtttil-ffioport ion ol r.rt r.

tlor dlrlctlr. tha..rtrd..ntr to SGGtlon 2 rrgrrttl, dll.vo.!.ny ttit ot pro-
,ortlonal rapraSrntttlon;

'thG lact that nrdLer! ot r hlnorlty group hrvc nol becn tltctcd ln nuDblr!
aqurl to tha Uroup'3 proportlotr ol t[c PoPllltlon 3hr'll mt, lo lnd ol ltttlf,
con3tltui! a Ylolrtlotr.'

Oppoo€ntr ot th. !rcndhrtrt !u99!3t thlt thl! dl5cl.lrcr.'lglrt not 6pplv l. thr
c.5r ot at l!rgr elGCtlooi. Ilterc ts rlnrltly no baill tor thlt.iiertlot'. llr! dlt'
cl.lmr ral spiclflcrlly.dd.d to trtet ttre qucltlon r'lltd ln tl'' llourc ol rhlthtr rt
'lrr9! rltctlons vould pa vultrar.bla mr.ly blc.utr ot thc rllctlon r!3!lt!.

tndccd tht icn!!trc. lt t.\.h alrott dlrlctly fro thc Court't ratutll ln !!!ta
ro rtrrri iiJn it-tiioi.iig!!"nr t."iuri tr,c rloority'r rtr.ngth rrt not rcflrctil-fi
tha rltumt.

<.
) Ittr Ser.t. C@ltr.t ncaort vlll bc unequllocrlly cl!.r that.Yrn ln tha caSa

/ of rt lrrgr clcctlonr. tha mrt lrllur! ut alnorltlt! to.ltct a proportlon ot tht
I rlnntrr btc.ui. o, rrclrlly golrrlrcd blo-c vorlng !9cI0 !9!-{!!q{$or. .5t.bllth
I r vtolrrron ot 5.(iTDi?'.-lfll!6tffiddlrlunrl piool oI oth.r f.ctorr rould bc rr-

/ iir;;rbi?m t @;t;i,;la-br &iiiirrcu to rlrd 116 thc "totlllt, ol th. circctt.nc.t'
I th.t plarnttff3 had bacn denl.d tqu.l olportunlt, to p.rtld9at! 16 rna Proc.tl'

rall.t li .ot/ iot::Iil"l"oill tl.lT'iilli':;iil"il';; i;;i: ri
lh. Juttlcr O.plrtrnt 

'l30 
cl'ls thrt 'Y'n 

undcr.tPilc Dlllntttft 'leht 
!ln

rrth trrdtrtomt ctrccrtrntrri-ciiilil.-oi-riiint. iut-ifiiilrtn lrct lr th't !OqLE

Iill'!ll;jl[*ji:H'iii$s,i[;1;[r'ri.'i,rii 
l"r.l:rl' :r']il:liil;, 

^

ll Iran rhQtr iua.facordt lr' lYllllbl" th' 
'ffort-r'qulrcd 

by lnslitcnc' on Pr@l

5f olttrinln.toty DUrPot. tt tiri-liiii^g'r'ldbdt' .Aftrr th? Supr* Court'3 dlcirioo

tn ih. [Jtll. crr.. th.t ..t. 'iit-liir io tn!.dirtrict court lor I nd trl'l on th'
ilr:;'.#i-=r";;.-'rr,.i t.r.t iii-oti" niia tno ti no 

'r'ltinE 
dtcisioo lt lr rttr-

-.ird :r..:'.h.'.ir. n cctt"v iii iii'tiioin-vr ln ttrr.crs' trt ovcr 6000 houri' iith
,iii.,: ;i:: ic,': ro, 4'.1gxiif,'l,i:i-:lin:li: il..lil'Ui'i'::rrtrn. 

lh' tot'r
.^".i lnn 

"+^"t'