Statements by Professor Donald Horowitz RE: Bloc Voting/Dilution Page 2
Working File
February 12, 1982

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Case Files, Thornburg v. Gingles Working Files - Guinier. Statements by Professor Donald Horowitz RE: Bloc Voting/Dilution Page 2, 1982. 1cd5e696-dc92-ee11-be37-6045bdeb8873. LDF Archives, Thurgood Marshall Institute. https://ldfrecollection.org/archives/archives-search/archives-item/71096ea3-217f-43f4-a87d-a9b6fc7f8b54/statements-by-professor-donald-horowitz-re-bloc-votingdilution-page-2. Accessed June 13, 2025.
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fr 1-3zt-W OIhe nollon ls abroad ln. the courts od 1a th..e brlll that the only effectlve po- 11ticel representetion of minorltles iE the actual electlon of mlnor- ity representatlveE. Hence "dllutlon" of votlng strength has coEe to Eean, lD operational terma' a ltkellhood of fewer mioorlty rePresen- tatlves the day after an electoral change than the day before' rtris waa not the original oeaolng of tbe tctr, tttrlch cooes from the quite rI .: dtffer'ent contett of ttle ods-p€re6r1' one{ote raaPPortldlEnt caaes' $ee'BEyoold6 vr Sl s, 377 1''S' 533' 555 (f%4)' 'llrerb r*rat lt Eana 18 thtt a voter ltr ond'constltuoncy hae a &raller eay ln. electltrg hls repregelt'tfve thdl doeB,,a voter lu drother conatfltrrEoc',.'becarrse the elze of the conetltuenclea le rmequal and thue "ualapportlonad" th€ trandfer of the iern cllutlon to ethalc and reclal lggueg Le unfortunater becauee lt loptleg e gler'otrrthe vote that '8tltl "rcpreacntetlon' at th€ exFnse of power;and lofluence' EE n rt that' Lt La, at I havr 8aldr e curloue vlet' of' rcpnereatatioa that Saugca lt by rhathcr ril etholc or raclal oltrorlty hel elected ' f,ew nlllGity reprerettrtlvea; co,lrsldcr shtt thts constrlcted vlaE loPlles; 'To begln i{th, It aatule. dlnofltlce stll b' 8'tltflod Ytth illaorlty reprttadtatlvea. lnd, by raklng otnorlty reptesett'tlon thc stendard'-- thcreby fivortrig slngle'oeilbcr r€ttdeatlel'6n'tltu6ociee a'd dta- favorlag lrt-large cleetlon8 regardleee of th' ccuflguraclofl of Party cotopetltlon -- thts vles of dllutlon co['18n3 dnoflole''tc r lloorlty rolc anil a:aegregeted phll'lr;'L falltlcrl Pto""t"''!