Kennedy v. Whitehurst Court Opinion

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Caser Clted 25 EPD fl ...."
Kennedy v. Whitehurst

20,065

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tuurt factr tbl
,rrrls that the rrr
the defendenti

to freetlollr ot
vn into ht'nd oo
,rstitutionol rrlhl
,rn in the tr.rrtr.
i l eges of hcr
rrt construei th.
rill's clairn. tlxt
irroblem nlrrl tlr
r':lse for wanl ol
. 'I'o thc trxrrt
rrt to fretrJorrr sf
' t'overage o[ lho
.it'ure. 'l'lte tr,ull
r rcuching thr
,1. ln conxrrlcrrr\l
rt consirlt,rr.d r
,rld give effrr't lo
lry allowing thr
rlrl require r hc
,r( ('s, t() sltor,r bt
lr.rt, irrtxlxrlirr
,,s cluinrrrl I't
nat ion rrns tlrc
,'of pllirrtrlt'r
t'r ttt rt, ltorr r.r rr.
iiltlhoril.) [r)r .
,ttrdert of ;lrrrrl
rll ltuvc t,, lr
lr , legislnl rr,. or
rtt,. lhc. tUtttt
sulrject nl^t rr.r

urr and llrr. rlr

Ir,r rlrs nrrrlr.l t,r
'l,,rrg s.itlr n k rlr r
tslrtrl a frrr r lr, r
.liort ol rlrr r.r v,\,
rl Nrtrr.trrllr tr
i.rirtttl[. hr'*, r. '
't';t tnih\txt. D. r.r
'r,r plrirrtrll vr r
r lltr. rrltirrr,rr, .ir
:t'lls llll;t\Yr | .1.

I. I lrt' luXrr'lr.l,rr,.t
, 1( I lr(, ,11t. | ,, I

I lrrll-r,, rl urr ttr
u nsl lx.tl[;[rrnl

'r.\rttlt r(..lrat t.
,,sc ltt'r Jolr -r. " .

,11,, ;;1;lrr 1r. .,1

l,l,lti.'l h\ tl,,!'.
' l,rx\r{'lll.r rl"

.i,rg Hourr, lnc.

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*etr rrr;rlo otrl!'. Nt'tl ltcr rtt ltt'r ltllrrltttg, lrrtt'l.s ttor
rr[unrrn(s rlrx's grlrrirrtill t'vt'tt ulrisltt'r t,r stlL].1('sl

that such tpltlitittiotts ll.y tlt'lt'rrtlirttt *'t:rt' itt ;ttt.\'
ra,v based orr st'x.'l'lte sittttt'llrovisiotts caused two
malei l.o leavc at lht'srtttto titut'as plirirrtill, arrd
plaint rll adrrri ts tlr;rl, \l.r r(lilrll :tltrttt', t Itt'se lxrlicies
ire rrr)l s(,xlr.rll\ rlr, rtrtittrttorl' ;ttttl *t:rt' ttrtI
dtsrinrirt;rtortlr irl)J,ltr'(l l,\ tlclt'ttrl:rttt.. \\tltrrt slrt
thxs say is tltal sirrrl lrt'r l;ttlttrt' lr) ll)ilk(' I)ilrtllor
rrs in this t;tst' lrastrl ort sex tlist:ritnitt:ttiott, utttl
rincc tlris irr trrrtt lriggt'rtrl tlrc "up or tlttl" rultr
sith rtslxr:t to ltt'r. tltr"'trl) i)r out" rulc it-scll

I lrr,n'lry lrr.r'otttcs tlts:rittttttalrlry ilr tltis irrstttllce.
Irr otlrcr wortls, ltt tttake ttttI rlrs<rittrirtul,iott uttdcr
"up or out" sltt'ntust Iin;t rrrake oul. rli*-rinrittatiotr
irr <lenial ol partrrersltip. But lurvittg Iailed to
cstahlislr her prernise ol at:tirrttablt: discrinrinatiotr
ilr dertial ol Jrarlrrersltip, lrlr slttttttl ctlntlusiott,
b:rst,<l orr that prcrrttst', clttttot ltrllow.

2l l0 (irng. liq. 72ltt ( lliti.l).

rN;risrrrillt v. I'rolessittttal Collers Ass'n, 85
l".ll.l).Sir2 (N.l). ()u. 1979)

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IU 31,?04lltcss Kenncdy, I)lrrintiff v. \\'illiam H. White hurst, I)efcndunt.

United Strrtes I)ist.rict (irurt, l)istrict ol (lolurnbia. Civil Action No. ft0-lltl3. March 10,

lgtt I .

Age Discriminution in Dmploym('nt Act

Attorncys' l,'ccs-l)rcvu i I in g C lrr i mlrrt-Adm i n istrttive Settlenrent.-A
clairnrrnt who;rlllirrs r {:rv(}ral)l(,st,ltltlrrx,trt ol her t:lrargt's:rt thc atlrnirristrativc lcvel is not
entitlc(l to a judrt:ial gratrl. ol :t(t.orrteys' lees ttttrle r tlre agc bias law'

Back rcIerctrec.'-'tT 2fi3o.

,loel P. []ctrrrt'tt, \\'ashirrgtorr, I). O., lirr l'luirrtill'.

Nle lvirr \V. li,rlrltrr. .l r., Wrrslrirrgtorr, l). ( 1., litr l)t'lcrrrlarrt

(l,rst:tt. I).,J.: 'l'lris (irst, litslllorretl its lttt
tt0] i(]n ttn(lt:r I lrr' ;\gt' [)tst'ritttirtat.iott itt
F)rtiployrncttt. .,\r'l (r\l)l'lr\), 2fi I r.S.(]. $ 221 cl
.ser7., is (:urr('t)ll.r' lrclort' I lrr' Oourl. olr
pltirrtill's n)olii)!r lirr stttttrttttr!' judgrnerrt.
Il.y this crttttpl:rittt, pluirrtill st'r'ks otrl.l'lrr
recovcr tltc tttsl.s ol ;ll lorttt:-y's Ictls lirr
servit t:s ttl cotttts,'l :tl l ltt' ;l(lrtlillist.riltive
lr:vt,l wlritlr rt'sttllt'rl irr tlri'st'ltlt'trretrl ol ltt'r
clsc on I lre rttcrits lrY tr rt'trou( t ivc
pronlol iorr. lJcr':tttst' tlrt'( lottrt h;ts t:tltrclttdt'<l
thut tlrc AI )li,\ (lor:s ttol rrttlhorizo tll('
(irtrrt l o ir\4 itr(l itl l r )rrr('v's l t'ts l ttr sorv i( ('s llt
the arlrrrirristrilli\c l('\'('1, lllr.' pluirrt.ill's
n)oti()rt rvill lx' rlt'rrit:rl. lfttrllrt'r, irl light rrl'

thrs rlispositiolr, it ls it111r;ttt'ltl. tlt;tt lttr
[urther relin('n)L'rtl ol t.he l.rt:tuirl retttrrl ttr
tlre lcgal itrgunr('tlls l)rr,\'i(i('(l lry trlurlst'l
would ,Ill('r lltt' r',,ttt lrtsiotl l.ll;rt. lrllrirrtilI is

nrrt crrlitllrl l,r prcr';ril ott tl)is tl;rirn lirr
roliel- lior Iltis rr';tst,tr. Ilrtll is tttt clttlstt fitr
tlrc (burl. lo rlr,lav Ilrt' t'trtr.\' ttl sttttttttltrt,
jurlgrrrcnt. litr rltlt'trtlrttrt. r\r'torrlingly, tlrtr
(irurt lr ill ('tlt('r suII)ttl,rt'\ .itt(lglncllt li)r
delerrtlrrrrt

l.l}rrckgrotrn<l
l)lirirrlill lr.ts llt't'tt :ttt t'tlt1tlo1'r't' t,l Ilrrl

l)isl ritt ol ( lrltttrrlri:r l.)r'p;rr I tttlttl ttl l ltrtrtlrtt
Scrvi, r's rrttrl tl , 1tt,'tl|t t':i:,rtr ;rli( ll( v. rilll( r'

Employmerrt Practiccs

[)ect,rnlrtr ol l1]70. lrr .'\rrgtrst 1979, plaintiil',
thcn crrrgllry('(l as a (iS-1), stell 5, Social
Srrrvir:c lit'Jrrestrntativt'. Iilctl a cornplsint
rvith thc I)rsLrict ol'(lrrluttrlrit Ol'lice ol
llunran Iliglrt-s allegirtg t.hat. slte lrad been
rlcrrirtl protttoliott ttJrl;ortttttititls bccause ol'
hcr rat:rl, gcrrrlt:r ar(l ag('.r In St:ptentl;cr oI
1971), grl:rirrtilI lilr'<l :t ('()mpl:tilrt ol'age
<lisr:rirrrin:rtit)n witll tht' t; trited States
Il<1rral Iirrrplovnlt'rrt Opportunity
(.'oirrtrrissiott (lilitX); z As a result ol' the
l;rttt'r t:otrrplirirrt, t,h! l''ili(X) rregotiated. a

seltlrrut'ttl itgrccttteltt w'rth rlt'lcnrlant by
whit:lr 1ll;rirrtill rvus rt'Lro;rctivcl.y prlrttrotcd
to tlrc (.lS I I level rrillt att a"\'ard ol'back
I)a).3 l)("1) tc pl;rirrtili's re(luests'. n)ade
ihiough couttscl, tltt'scttlt'rnent did not
ittr:lrr<lc att itwartl rtf ltl ttrrtrt:y's fees.

'I'lre pirrt.ir:s itrt: ttr tlis;tgrecnrcnt as 1.o thc
elli:r:t ol (.lrt' scttlt,'trtctrt. agrcetrlcttt in tlre
lrrcst,nt r':rsc. 'I'ltc tlt'lt'tt<litttt. itsscrts that the
it,t.tlettttnl. etttt'rctl urttlt'r thc liliO(l's "no-
Ilrult" scLtlt'ntcttt. ltrot t'rluresr does not
rc[)r(,scrrt t'itlrur u Iirrtlilrg or a colrccssiorl
tlrat plairrt.if'l had irr fat:t lrcert tlte victirn of
ag(' (iis(rin)irratiorr. I'lirirrIill', lrn the other
lr;rrrrl, rclyirrg on (:erlaill (folnllltulicati()!ls
Ir.lwr.:r:tr l. lrg l,l l,)O(l :rrrrl rlcl<trrrlant,0
lonltrrrlti llr;rl llris t rsolttliott ( oll(jltlsiv('ly
cilrrlrlr;ltlrl llr:rl 1rl;rtrrltll wrts tlrt' vtt litrr rtl'

fl 31,704



20,066

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Employment Pracilces Doclslons
K e n tt glJy v. Wlti t e lt u rs t

rlisr:rirrrirr:rtiorr li;rst,rl orr ltr:r ;rgt,. 'l,lrc(,lorr11's rlisprsitr.rr ol lhr. 1,r".",rt'itirli,iiirloes rrot, horr.r,ver. r,t,i.r,ssit;rtt, tlre
rt,solrrtiorr ol tlrt, rltresliorr tlrus 1r.,,.,,r,i*,1.t:,ven ;rsslltnlrr11 ;llirrtrt.ilI is rrrrrlr:l lrrrrl tlrtsot:vents trl. thc a<lrninistrul.ive lr:vcl
corrt.lusivt'.ly crl:rlrlislr tlrirl pllrirrl ill rv;rs t litlvrct.inr .l trrrlirrvlrrl ttisciirrrirr:rtirr,,,li;i,(irurl's rrrl.crJrrt,t.;rliorr ol llre .,\l)lir\' slill
Jrret.lrrr.lr:s an ;rw;rrrl ol ut.lorrrt,y's lt,cs ilr tlrc
l)r(,scn t (.ils(,.

ll.l)iscussion

.'l'ltc st.;rrl i.rrg lxrinl lor :rrr.\. rlist,ussiorr ol
t ltt' ;rvlrillrlrilily ol :rl,rrrrri\.'s Ii,r.s Ii,r lisu(.(('sslirl liti11:irrt irr li.rllr;rl f ir,ri i*' if,.,r.ult, arrrrorrrrlr.rl lr1, t ltt, (jrril,,,l St,,i,i*
Srrgrrt,rrr' ( irrrrl irr,.l/r csA.,r I't1n,tint,,sl;;;?,;
( \t. r,'. Jl.iltltn rc*s,s'rrir,l.r l l I I:.1,1) , 10.8.121

l.Jl tJ S :4() {lU;5). Sirnl)li sr,rir.,l, tlrl,(itrtrt tlrt,rc ht,l<l tlr;rl ;rriy ricviittion iir it,"lerle ral c()urls Ironr ihc r.r,,liti"u,^'i
",\rrrcrictrrr rule" I Ir:rl grrrrl.ies ,,r,., f.,, ir,rrlIlrt,ir owrr.rrl lonlovs ,r,r,*i 1,,., 1,,,*",1 ,,,, ii ll,r,l.lrttttgltizt,rl t..rr.t,1rlirrrr to 111;11 .,,1"0 ,,r *,r,irf
sl)('('ltt(' sl:ttut()r\' ;rul lrorjzlrliorr. 421 t 1..S. .rt
2.7 0 7 '1 ; s t,rl a /s.o trt ,, i i|'u',,;; ;;,
l)ttvironrttt'trlttl (ltrlilitttt v. ('oslie. No. 7liIt{33, slip op. r( 2 (l).( I ( jir. I,'e tirurrry, 1t,
lgrJ I ).

As tlrt, l)r(,slnl t.:rst,rlor.s not l'rrll rvil.lrilriur\' ()l Ilrt, _rr,r.rrqrrizr,rl t,xt.t,yrliorrs lo Iltti
Anrt,rrr.;rrr rrrlt,, pl;tirrli,l s,,,,ki lo jrrstil.v :rrrlruirr(l ()l li,r's lrl rr,li;lrr.t, ,,rr { 7(i,) ol" Llrt,
..\l)1,)\, 29 IJ fi.(:. .1 r;Zr;1tr1. r,"t,i,.f i 1,r,,ri,i.,*'i'u
I)rr rt:

'l'lrt' lrrovisiolrs ol l.lris r.lr;rplt,r slr:rll lxr
t,rrlirrr.r'rl irr rrlr.orrl:rnr.r, witlr' tlrc 1r<lwcrs,rt,rrrcrlics-, arrrl llroce<lrrrr:s l)r()vi;lcd iri
se( ll()lts 2l I(lr). 2l(i (ext:e1.rt liir sulrsectiorr
(rr) tlrereol), an(l 2l7 ol tlris title,... .

ld.'l'h:tl. st'r.liorr's rt:li,rt,rr<.r lo st,r:tion 216 isIrr g l{i ol tlrr, Iririr l,:rlror Slirrrrl:rrtls t\t:t(1.'l.Sr\), 21) (l S ('. ,l 2l{i. rvlrit..lr 1,r,,,,i,i,," 
-i,,

I)e rlrt)()nI l)llrl.:
Arr :r<,liolr Io rr,(:o\.(.r lltt, ii;rlrilitv

prr,scrilrt,rl irr til lrr,r oi l lrr. yrrr:r.r:tlirrg
s('nt(,n(.('s tnirr. lrt nr:rirrl.rrirrr,<l ;rg;rinst anv
crrrJrkr.vt,r (irrr.lrrrlirrg a lrrrblrt. agerrcy) i;r
;rny lir<lcral or Slal.c r.rirrrt of r,iin,pii,,r.t
.jtrrisrlit:lit.ur. .. . 'l'ht tttttrl itt sru:h'at:fit,n
slt;tll. itt tttltliliott ltt 1111., jtttlgtttatti
;tt+.;tnlttl ltt tltr, 1tl;titttitt i,r-1tl:iittli!.t.:,
;tllttu :t r.t,;tst,tt;tltl., ;itlt)t.ltt,.t's'lu, lo l,t,
1t;tit.l lt.1' llt, rlcli'ttrl:rtrt, :tttil nxls ttl' lltt,
:rt'l iott

/r/. (t'rrrplrlrsir; ;rrlrlcrl).'l'lrc rr;rrlon, r;rrr.sl.iorr
ltrt.sr,nlt.rl lrt. tlris r';ts(, ls rvlrt,llit,r. l.lrt,

1[ 31,704

scctrons (luotr:d above au(horize the Courtto nrake irn award ol' attorney's f.ees io an
A.DI,jn .1rl:rirrIill' lor st.rviccs jr"rti,.riloa oithe ;rrirrrrrristrutr\(. leref' "i,"ii-iheurrrlerly-i rrg cl;rrrn r+'ls sct tled witluluiidri
t.o lhe <list rict court.

. As t threshol<l nr;rltr.r, it should be noted
th;rt. clairrrs ol age riisr:rirnirratirlrr i" li,a.iJ
r.rnplo.yrnr,rrt, irrcltrrlirrg tlrose by elnplo5arttt ulost rrrrrls rn t he gove rrrnterrt of the
I )ist ri<;l ol ( irlurrrlri:r lr;rvirrg lrositi.rns in tiie
( on)lx:t ilrr.c srrrvir:e" r,r.. goverrted bv 29
t.J S.(). ri (illllrr. 'l'lrat sectiirrr pr<rridci in
pert inent l)lrrt:

(r') ,\rry lx.rsorr ;rggrit,vr,<l trray l-rring r
crvrl ;rr.tron irr urn, l.i.rlt,r;rl rlistrict couriof
corn.;x,lcrrl jtrr isriir,ti.rr tir. sucti-lcguj-oi(,(luitirl)lo rclicl as will eflectuate thr.
l)rlrl)os(,s ol this chaptt.r.

Sulrsrction (l) arl<lt,rl lry lS(e) ol' the AgeI)iscrirninat iorr iir Ernpl<lvnrerii
A.rrrr:rxlr-ncrrts ol .1gZ8, Irub. L. gelZil, gi
Stet. l9l, statcs thar:

. Arrv [;ersolrnr: I action ol. any
<lt,Jr:rrtrrrt'lrL, ag(,lt(:.!.. ()r other cntiti:
relirrrt:<l to irr subset.l ion (u) ol this section
shall. rrot bc sulrjer;t to, or allected by,any
provisiorr ol' tlris <:lr:rpt.r:r other than the
provrsiorrs ol ser:l iorr (i:Ji(b) of this title.

21, tr' .S.( l. $ (i:tJ&(l).2 A literal interpreLatioool l.his l;rrrgulrge w()ul(l roquire itrat ttre
l)r(,s(,n( rlisputc llc rcsolvtrt t,xclusively by
n,lcn,rrr:r, to \ {i,lil:r x'ltir:lr rrrakcs ,,n rnuntioioI irrr.y awlrr(l ol at.lonrc\,,s f"a, iu-a
srrr: cc.sslrrl litigirrrt t,itlrcr ut the
;t(ltnlnlst.l:rtrve lt,vcl or irr tlre <listrict courL'l'he tltrcstiorr olr.rvltctller that ..;ii;;
preclu<lt.s ,rn award irf l'ees in r his c.rre ioiloithat. rn:rt.lcr irr arry n l)FlA ca"e against-a
Ir,rklrirl crrrplovt,r) lras rrot lx,r:rr addressed by
ci.t.lrer pirrt,y,. 'lir holrl thal" g 6il3a(l') has thai
clli,r'[, lrowcvt,r, uorrlrl ltrove lur'ln<lre than
rs .slrrt.tl5. r)('(.css:lrv Iirr tlre disposrtion oftltts <':rsr,. S<r' L)lrtxttttlson v. 'Sitnon, 

g7
lilt.I) 4tl7,4ij9 rr.t (N.t). Ilt. l9tt0y.r 6ri**
!)."!,:ly: v. llatrhues, 4ij8 I,'. Supp. t0J?.
I045 (C.D.Iil. I980).e

.. L'or pur;losus of' tlrt, prcscnt motion, the
( irrrrt ussurru's th;rt l't,r.leral emplo;,ee; in
:rctions rrrr<lcr 29 tJ.S.(j. $6ll;ta'enjr.ry the
slrrrrc riglrt l.o urr awarrl of attorncy,s fces ar
e nrplo5,er,s irr t.lrc priv:rtt, st,ctor in uctiols
unrlc-r. 2{) tl.S.(:. ti {i2(i ;rs provided by 2g(i-Si.(1. g 2lti(lr). 'l'lrr, rprr:stir,,, .u,,,uiur
wlrcllrt,r llrosc scr.l.iorrs irirtlrorizr: an uward
().1 :rl lr)rll{,\''s lits Iirr s(.t vt(:es llr,rlbrn,ctl ut
I lrt, ;r<lrrrirrisl rirtive lcvt,l.

r.,1981, Commerce Clearlng Houro, lnc.

$

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. This ay

lmpressl()
rel iance
attorney's
VII of th,
U.S.C. $ 2()

In an.r
subchapl
may all.
than tl;
States, rr'of the c,
United s
sgrnc B$ ;

Id.ro Pluir
principlc's
by analo6
should I,
availabilit.
performe(.
Plaintiff ir
have beer
elements ()

age discrir
e.9., Prict
EPD 1781
1977'); Brl
324,328 (t
EPD .IT 30.
Ala. l97tt)
of ettorn(.
success[ul
v. Wester.
594 F.2d r,

urges tha:
entitling ;

fees irrcui
generully i,
Parker v-
l'.2d 320,
Califuno l.
533 (D.D.(
the Suprt
Gaslight (
2024 (r98t
ADEA act

Reasoni,
but remu
similar ct,'
respect iv i

question i

proof,. anu,
cases ls mj
the crucia l

que..ition
nlerit but
Likewise,
litigaut is
preEent^8 a:

Employme
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Cases Clted "25 EpD 1l ...."
Kcnnedy v. Whilelturst

20,067
e autlrorize tlre (irtnI attorney's lrrrr l<r lascrvtces perlir;y1;11t 11e Ievel ryht,lr thc
scttled withorrt rt+on

rer, it shoul<t lrt, rrolt<l,'rtrrtttratiort rrr ftrlt.rrt
LI Ihose by, elrrlllorrrt
(.. govcrnn)(,nt of thc,itvrng positiorrs irr llle;rr() g0vernr,(l bl. i!sr.cIlon Ilrovides in

,lrieverl lrrat. brinr e
, teral distri<.t r.t,urt ,,f,n J.()r su('lt lr,glrl orrvrll ellir.trr;rlt tlrr

,t'$ s(u) oI rlr(, ,\r,,,,]. 
.E m p I o.r. rrr t, rr'tl'ub. L. 9i 25{i. 1,.1

irr:tiorr ol artyor othcr t,lrtrti
,tt (a) ol this scr.l roir
or alTeclcrl lr\., rrnr.lr,r othe r I lt;rn tlrr.il(b) of this trrle.

It'ral inter;trlrltiorr
requlre tlr;rt llx,

ut,rl cxclusivclr. bv
rrrakes n<l rucntioir
rney's fers to lt'itlrer al thr
. tlte dislrit.t corrrt.itcr that sct.tiorr
trr this r.ase (or [or,A cast agtrirrst n

I rr,trrr tr<lrlrt,sst.rl lrr
g 6lllla(l') lras rlr;rj

,r'e lirr rrrort, tlrarr
lre dis;lositirrrr r,{,rt v. Sinttttt. U7ll I9tt0) s lhtt s,lr,i I,'. Supp. t()it7.

,r,nt rnoliorr, tlrc
'tl enrplolccs rrr(ili3a errjo.r,tlre
rltorne.y's li,(,s rls
,'t't.or itr irclrorrs
l,rovided lrY llg
't.ton rt rrr;rirrs
rrtrize att itrr.ltrrl
,.s Jrcrlirr.rrrr,rl irt

'r lng Houro, lnc.

l'f itt? t'ttl
'l'his;rplrcirrs tu lre a (.ase ol lirst.

rn)l)r(.sslr)lr. I'J;r irrt ill lrlirt,es lrrirrt:illtlteir;rrrlr, ()n r.r\,,.,ir,,.irlr,rl urirlt,r tlr,,
tll-r,nl(.-\ '5 l1,r.s ;rr or t\t, rn ;ll \ 7()(;(k) ol 'l'itlt,
l,ll of' tlrr' ('ii rl Itrglrrs ,\t.l ,,i I{lt;.l, 42
U.S.C. { 2000r,,'r( k ).'l'lrrrt st,r't jrrrr pro,,,irlr,s:

Iil.atit, ir{ ttr)n or Jtrot.et,rlirrg trrrrlcr tlris
subchl;rtt,r Illt: r'orrrl, in ils tlisr.rt,liotr,
Ittu.y :rllurr tlrr, prr,r,:rilirrH [r;rrl.r,, otlrt,i
tllrn Ilrr. ('r)lnnrissi()ll or 'llrt,' Urritt.<l
Stalts, ;r rr,lrsorr;rlrlr, ;tt.lorn(,),'s It,t, irs 1>:trlol' tlrt. r'osls. lrrrtl I lrt, ('orrrrrrission irrrrl't.lrc
[JIriterl Stutr.s slr:rll lx' lirrl,le lirr costs tht
silnt(, ls ir ;lrivtrll I)(rrs(,n.

srnce irr lxrth 'l'itle VII and ADtir\ cascs l.hcqucstion is t.he rc;rsr.lnrrble v;llue ol thcscrvices llcrlorrnt'<1 . A revit.*,ol t[rr
,Sultrcrrre (irurt's r;ittr,rurlc irr (ir,.i,r r. Nclr.York O:ts.l igltt ('lttlt, l(X) S. t.t. ZOia,
p.r.irrcipall-y relicd upon by plairriilf,
illust rlrlcs, however, tlie 'cvideni
inuJrllropriuteness ol rcat:hing tl,c ia"ie
n,strlt irr tlris casr,. 'lir tlrc i.orrtrarv. arr
t,x:rrrrirr:rliorr ol llrt, sirntr, I'actors *lri,Ili led
to tlrt, r'orrt.lrrsiorr tlrat f il.lo VIt aulhorizrx;
rrrr:rw;rrrl ol lct,s lirr:rttorrrt,y's sr.,rvir:ts at
l.lrc, arlrrrirristrative levcl iourrsels tlre
olrpositc corrclusion :rs to the ADUA.

ll;trtgrt:tgal
llcsolu I iorr ol' Ilrt, rlrrt,st.iorr n,lrt,t lrt,r(irrrgrr,ss irrlt,rrrlt,tl lo :rrrtlrorizt. rrrr irrvirrtl oI

;rltonrt,\''s lt.t,s rrrrrril lugir.;rlly lrt,girr, irs it ditl
rrr llrr. Nr,*. l'orA ().tsligh I casc, wit,h arr
exirrrrinrrl.iorr ol tlrc larrguagc ol'thc relevant
statrrl.e. Irr Ncw l'ork GasliS;)rl, Justice
Iil;rt'krrrrrrr s rit irrg lirr t lrc (iruri-rcaclred thc
lirl lorvi rrg r.orrcltrsiorr:

_ 
'l'lrc *,orrls ol'rs 7(Xi(k) t42 tJ.S.C. ( 2000e-

5(k)l lr,:rvc little <loulrt t.lrat Iee. awards are
;rullrorizt,rl lor ltgal work clurne in
"pror'1.1,11i11.q" ollrr:r thirrr corrrt :rt:Liorrs.
(.)rlngrcss' usr: ol tlrc bnradly inclusive
rlisjurrclivt. lrlrr;rsr, ":rction or prucecrling"
irrrlir'rrlt.s rrrr ir,ltr,r l,r sulrjccI t]rt, losiill.l
I):lrl\ t(, lrrr ;r\\:rrrl ol ;rllrrrrrcV'S Iecs arril
cosls tlilrl irrt.ltrrl t,s exgicrrses lor
:rrlrnirrisl ral ivc ;lrrx.rcrlirrgs.

I(X) S. ( )t. rrl. 2O21).'l'lrt' lirrrguagu ot 29 t j.S.C.
$ 2l(i(lr;.n,lir,rl ulron lr-1 lrlaint.ill relr:ni onl.y
Io arr "ar:t.iorr." Iiurl hcr srrggestirrg thc
rcslrit;livc ir;)lrroru:lr rvirltrnced theri,in is
t.lrr mtrrrtl;rtc I lrrrl. .such arr arvard is to lle ..in
a<l<liIi,rn lo irn.y .iirtlgrrrurrt :rll,lrrdcd to lhe
pl;rirrt rli or 1rl:rirrlills." 'l'ht, use of tlrr r,r,ords"jtrrlgrrrr.rrt" ;rlrtl "y.rl;rirrlrll" clt,ur.lv
torrlcrrrlrl;rlts ;r (.()ut.l lrt.tiorr ratlrer thirrr air
ltlnrinist rai ivt, ltrocecrI irrg.

'l'hc lirrrgu;rgr-, ol 29 Ll.S (). .s 216(b) i.s
s(,n)lnllir';rill t.lost'r rrliin to tlte larrgu;rgc of
lltt, :rtlrrrrrr'\''s Ii'r,s Jrrovrsiorr irr'l'iile II ol'
llrt' (lrvil ltights,\r'r. 4l tl.S('. \2{)(X)rr :l(lr).'l'lti:; r:r,rrrp;rrisrrrr is ol rrronl tlralt passing
(orr{ ('rn sirrte, as,lustir.e Illackrnun rverrt on
to note in tlrc Ncrv York ()asligltt cLrsa:

'l'h is corrclusiorr is srrJrporl ed b;, u
t ontJrrrison ol sl 7(Xi(k) with irnother- ll,e
provisrorr in tlrt.sarrrc Act, nanrely,
$ 2o.{(lr) rrl 'l'itlc Il, 7,9.star.. 244,42 U.S.C.
d2()(X)rr-:J(lr).'l'ltg pcrtirrlrrt larrgu..ge ol'
i\2{).1(lr) i:; irlr,rrt.ir.rrl to tlrirl. ol g706(k)
t,xlt,1rl. Ilr;rl rr 204(lr) pr.rrrrits lrn awurrl orrly,
willr rr..;r,,r'l lo ";rrr\ ;rllir,rr,.oltrrrrr.nt,t,il
lirrrsrr;rrrl lo tlus Itl1r.." . . .'l'lrr,orrrissiorr ol'

(.

i , l'

;,

1" ,
/tlr0 I.'l'rrrrtill :rrgrrt's llr;rl sirrlt,'l,itlr, \,ll
princilllls irt ullrt,r ;rrr,rr, lr;rr,,, lrr,t,rr ;rplrlit,rl
hY lrrr:rloHI rn Al)1,..\ r';ls(,s. I1,,, :ri,,i1,,,:,
sltotrlrl ltc lrllrrtit.,i lr) H(,\.r,rlt fii,.lvailalrilirl' ol rruorrrt,.l's lr,r,s lirr st,n,ir:t,s
perlirrrrrerl al I lrr' ;rrlrrrirrist rirtivt tcvcl.
l'}laintil'l irrrlit rrlt,s tlrat'l'itle \/ll Jrrcr.crlt,rits
It.uvc lrt,r,rr irlrplilrl lo tlt,tt,rrriirrirrg llrt:
t,lr:rrrcrris ol :r ;rl;rirrl ill's pritrr:t /rrr.re tiisc ol'
luge rliscrirnirr;r I iorr urrtltir tlrt: r\1.)l,lA, .srr,.
e.g., l'ritt' v. lll;tr) l,ttttl ('.rsrt..tlt+, (\t lltEl'l) fl7S3()1. 5{il li.2rl r;01}, {il:t rsrti tlir
1977); //r;rsrr,,ll r.. littlx,linski, 42t1 I.'. Srrnu.
:l.l.f- 328 (l).1 ) (' l,.ti6,): ,lt,n$ r.. (,lL,l:ttttl i)uU'D 11 30,17.11..l(il; lf. Srrlrp. ;14,;t7 (N.l).
..\la l1)7i,|), ;rrrrl lo rlt,lcrrrriitirig tlrr, :unr,,rrrl
of lltlorn{,.\'s li,t,s rrll.trrr;rlcl.r, ;ru.lrrilt,rl t,, lr
strtct'sslirl AI)1.,;\ lrr ig.rrrt.,Sir,, (.i:., ( )l(,\.(,rl).
r'. lI'r,sllrzr l')lrt.trit' (\t. ll19 I,ll,l) flllltt;Jl,
59.1 l'2rl {i:ltl, {j42, (8lh (lir. l97f}). l)l;rirrrilll:
tlrgt's t l)irt l)\ I lrr. s:rrrrc tolir,rr l.lrc rrrlt,
crrtltling ;r strr.r:r,sslirl 'l'lrlr, \,ll pllrinlill to
[et,s irrr'trrrt.<l :rt. I llc ;rrlrrrirrisl r;rt.ive levcl
getre.r:rll.y arllrt,ri,rl to irr I hjs r.ircrril., s(,(,, (,.A..
I'trktr v (';tl i!;tn,t I I 4 I,ll,l ) ,lj 7{;;171, 5ii i
f'.lrl if 2rr. jt:|:t {l).(' ('ir. lg77): .\rttitlt t..(l!ltl;rtto 

I I l-; l,il,l ) ti li()ltrJl, 44ti l.'. Strlrlr. Ijl(),
5;iJ (l).1).(1. I1t7ri), ;rrrrl rtr.rrrIly l,pprirverl Ir.1,
thc .Srrgrrt,rrrt: (irtrrl, (irrct. i.. .\,r,rl l,,ri():tsligltt ('ttttt IJ:t l..l,l) :l :li),Uit,l. l(,() S. (,1
?()2.1 (l9lJ0), slr,rtrlrl :rlso lre irpplii.rl,lt,in llris
r\l)liA:rrtiorr.

llt,;rsrrrrirrl: l11 ;rrr:rlrrgl is rrllt.rr irrsl rrrcl irt,
Itttl.rt,trr;urr.. Itlrs(r;rsivt, (,ltl\ ;ls lr,!lH its
strrrillrr torrsiiltrlrtiorrs :rrt gt,r.rrurrrc tu tlrr.
rospe('l ivr irrrluirit,s. 'l'lrrrs, u.lrc,re t.hc
t;ttt'sliorr is orrt ol llr.,lrl:rirrlill's lrrrrrlt,rr r,l
1)rrrol, lrrr;rlorir l)r,t!r{.,,tr'l'it lr, \'II ;rrrrl r\I )lir\
r.rrst's is rrr;rrrilr.sl lt :rlipropri;rt. sirrr.t, irr r,;rr.lr
the t rrrr i;rl irrrlrirrl is rr lr,,l lrt,r I lrr, :tlt iorrs rrr
tlttt,sliorr \\'r,r'(, l,rr)rrl)l(,rl rrul ln. irrrlivirltr.rl
ll)r.il1 lrltl l)\ s'rrtl(' uill,{.r.illls: tlrlt, lrr0lirr,
l,ilicrtrrir,, llrr, r;rlr, ;rl rrlrtr'lr ;r srrlr.t,-slrrl
lrliglrrrl is corrrpr.rrs;rlr.rl Ior ;rl lrrrrrr,v's li,r,:;
l)f('sl'rrl \ jrtt ;llrl[ (rltf t;t I lt ( ), r.;lsthn lf rr' ;ttt;rl,r1if

Employnrent Practiccs

, t-tt
, r.lir'

11 31,704



20,068 Employment Prar 'lcos Declslons
Kcrt ne<ly v. t y'lt t ch u rs I

"i

t,

[..

Ilrc rvortls "or pror','t'tlin1i" ltorrr {ll{)i(lr) is
tttrtlt'rstirttrlitlrlt', srrrtt. t'ttlrrrtt'lrtt'rtl ol'
'l'rtlc ll rlt,1,r,rrtls solr,ll orr corrr I :rr I irrrrs.

100 S. ('1. ilt 2029.

\\Ilrilc this sirnplt, r'orrrlrirrisotr ol lltc
Iitttg,tirgr' ,,1 21) t j.S (' ', : l,;(l)) ;rrrrl 42 [ i.S.( ].

fl 2(X)(tr' 5(k) rrrlr.)' irl)lx';lr rrrr't lt lrtrrlr;tlisl it, ;t

cornl)irris0n ol tIrt, rr,rrrt,rli;rl s('lrIrrrt:s
t:otrlcrnlllirtr:<l ll.r,' lltt' tuo sl;r{ult,s lltttls
lurtlrlr sttl)l)()rl lo tltt' r:ottt lrtsiotr llrrt
Oougrcss ditl rrot (onlcnl[)lirl(.rrrr irrr;rrrl ol'
alt()rn(..y's lt,r,s lirr slrvicr,s pt,rlottrrt'il ;tl Ilrc
atlrrrrtristrirlivc It'r'r,l irr,,\l)l'lr\ r':rst's.
Nr,ttltt.r tlrc I"ISA oi wlrtclt \ 2t{i(lr) is rr grrrl
r)or lllo At)l'lA {o rvlrrllr it is rrpplicrl lrv
reli,rt,rrt:e, 29 tlS(l \(i:(i(l)). rr,rirrir,'s :rrr
errrlllovcc st,t,kirtg rr,<lrt'ss lo t,;ilt;rtrsl :ut.y
:rrlrrtirrislrirl ivt' rt'trrr',ii('s J)ri(,r to rrr"t itrrl irrH
:r civil;rctioit irt li',ir'rlrl corrrl.'l'lrc oull
irrltrrittistrirtiv(, l)r('r('rltrisiIt' 1,r t Irr Irlirr11 oI ;r

tivil lrr'liorr trtrritr lltt' ,\l)l'lr\ i:r llrc
rctpri rr,rrrt,rr t ol' 21) I I.S ('. \ (;2{i(( l ) I Iriit .

No lir il rrr Iiort trr;t1' !tt' totrrttit'tttt ri lrv
unt' irrtlivitlurrl urtilt,r Ilris sr', tiorr rrrrtil (i()

<l:rvs :tttr,r :t r:lt;rrgr' ;rlit,grr,g r:rrl;rrr llrl
tlisrrrirrrirr:rtiorr lrrs lrt'r'rr lil,.rl rrillr tlrt,
St'r'nrtrrrv. . . .

ld. l"or' ;r Ii'tlt,rrrl (.n)lllo\(,(,, I itr, lrJrlritr':tillr:
Jrrovisirrtt, 21) (;.S(1. $(i:tilir((l). trtoririt's itt
pt,rtirrlrrI ;rart:

l N lo t ivil irt l iotr lu;n' ltt' t ttt:rrttr'rtr t'ri lr-\'

lrrrv irrrlivirltt;rl ittrrlt,r Iirt: slt lion rirrtil tltt'
in<livrrltrlrl h;ts gir ctt I ltt' ('ottttttts:,ii,n Irol
It.s I lt.trr lltirlt'rl:rrs'nol l{ (' r,l rttr itrli'nl lrr
Itlt,srrth rrr:tiorr.

/r/. \\'ltilc :11) tl S.('. \ lij|llrtlr) lrro\ i.lr,s lirr
tlr,' t,rtlirrct'ttrt'ttt ol llr:tt :r'r Li,,lt tltrr:ttgh
lt<ittrinislrativt' ltrorct!tttt's. l,(lrsuil ()l ;t

rt,tttt't.l., thIottgh Ilto.t' t'irtt:nt'iri ts IltIlir)nill
lrn(l !r()l lr nr:rrrrl;rlrrr\' prIrr',1rri:ri1t. 1o lltt,
lrlirrH ,l{ ir r:ivrl :rrtiott. 'l'lrlrs, lirr' (,ttlv
n(,('cs:r.rrv :trltitirrislr;rlivr' :lr'yr itr llrt
lrrirrgirrg ol ;rn,'\l)l'1.\ ;rt ltritt is I irr' ::l,rlulor.v
rt'rluirt'rrr,lrl tllrl tltt' souitl lrt plrrilrtiII givr'
rro(ict, to tltt: ;r1r1lro1,ri;rll lr',ilr,rl r,lItr iitl ol
thc itrttrrtiotr Io sttt'.'l'ltis tt'tlui:t'nr, :ri tlt,t's
nol ltlirrc slt( ll ;lr {)lt('rr)us olrsl,tlll itt ihc
I)irll) ('l ;irr .,\l)l',,\ liligirrrt lo t.tist' llr,' :;;tutc
(()rr('(.rns wlrilh lrr :r l;rrqr'('xl( r)l inli,ri rrtt:rl
tltt' r'r,lrclttsittrt ol Ilrt' Sttprt'llt' (lttttrl ttr Iltt'
Nt,rr' ) crrA (;r(1/ghI ('rs(,.

Irr tlrt,Nt,rr l'ttrk O,t.sliiltl lrrst' llrl li'r's itr
(lr.l(,strotr u'r'rt, irrtrrrrr,,l irr lrilllrt'r;rtrtt' ol
slirtr, ;rrlrnitrislr;rli\'(' ltror t't'tiirtgis l(, \!lll( l!
I lrt: pl:rirrt.rll rr':rs lt'rlttirlrl lo llr;r,rt ;rt irtr lo
tlrt, Iilirrg ol ;r'l'rllr' \'lI lotrrpl;rirrl trr llrlt'r:tl
('()rtrt. .\'{{, 42 I J S ('. \ 2otr0t, ir(r') 'l lrr' ('urrrl
sIrt,ssr,rl t.lrr, rrrlrr,t',:rti;rl rt;rltrrl ol l.ltt'st'
I)r()('(,(,(lurlls ;rtrrl I lrl I;rt l I lr:rl rt'yrrt'riltrl;t{ iott

fl 31,704

Ir.1'r'orrrpr.lt,rrl corrrrsr,l, il not a nrtessit\. o
lcrtrinl.v vcr.y lrcl1rIuI in lrrescr"'ing a urrrll
lxr pl:rirrtill's riglrts Lhroughotrt tltal rr;<1
ol tlre t:rst:. 100 S. (lt. at 2033-34. Sim:lc
lrrr-tors anilnato(l thc sirnte conctrrli i:
l)trkt'r v. (\lil';trtrt I)lorrrtrlili( lltc trv.'i .r
:t1l1.rt'rrls l.o rt';rr'lr I lrt, srrnrt, r,,: tll r':
rlsllt'ir l l.() irilurne-)''s lt.es lor l..it:r,
t.rrrplo;'r'cs irr 'l'itle VII actiorrs. 561 l'.ld a
il21); srr: :rl*t Snril.lt v. (|alil'ano,4.16 F.ial
;rt 5J,1. 'l'lrcse <:r-rrrt'cnls arc llot Bppllrul
Irowe ve r, n hcre the lir:;t utlvcruarial ctgr
rrlrir:h rr I)irrt.\'is re(luire(l to prestrtt l,rrr
is tlrr, Iilirrg ol :r totrrlrlaint ill the dEtrrt
loLrrt.. 'l'ltr: rt,rluirt'rrtetrl. th:rt the IMrt)r ga,
rrrrt.icr: is ()n(,(,asil_v slrtislierl b1'a la.rnuorl
il <:ourrst,l lrrrs lrt,cn rt,tained, inerpcmir+!\
:rt corrrpIislrt'rl.

ISrlrrrrlu r I

IJI u:n ol lrrit,l sutun);tr\', the (irurl t.so
rr n,r'ir.rv ol t lrt' lirrrgrritgl' 111 2t) U.$.(.. | .lldrl.r
llrs corrt:lrrrlt,rl tlrat it <lors ttot ituthr/rra .l
;rrr':rrrl ol li,r,s to ir srrctcsslirl ADEA lrti3,sc
Itir sr,n,iccs I)(.rli)rrn(,(l ut tlre arlntinirlnAp*
It:vcl. l t irl)[)e;rrs that Oougreis drd 'tl
torrtcrngllitte sut:h arr a\rard l)r{!uta. ir.
AI)l'li\ irr:t.ions, r.r,rlike 'l'itie Vll ru:r
:rrlnrirrist rut.i,,'t, ;lrot:cctlir,gs are not r
pr,r'r,:tsi,,c urrrl irrk,plritl [)ilrt oI tlre grrtat
sllrr:rrrt, ol t,ltlorcctnont. 5(,c l'atLct t
(';tl iltttt,. 5{iI Ir.2rl ;rl il2ll.

I'l;rirrtili irrrirlly argues llrat, in an) iirr?rr.
,r lrolilirig tlrat strclr It'cs irrt'rrrrt avrrlr}Llr
ir su( ( r'srslul AI)l!r\ lilrgurrt $ill d.a.o
llr,inrrrrls Irorn voluttlarilv Jruri.i:r{
rrrirrrirrisl rlrl ivt' scttlcntt'ttl of tltrir c'Jr;u
,\ssrrrnirrg tliis Lo lle tnre,rr irr light o{:tr
l'ort,goitrg rli.irtrssiort the (btrrt (arr'rtr,
{ { )nsI rur' 1ll :r i r r I r I I's :r rglllr)r't)t its lr rr{un:'Lr
Ilris ('orrrt lo rt'rrrt'riy u,h;rt plainti[[!.!rt.
('()ilgr(,:irii()rr;r I or t,rsiglrl. As sttch tt .
i(''iu(,sl 1;r't,rliCl;rlrly r(,lrlnls thrs di.nrirnn
lo llrt, yroirrt wlrlrt' it l,t'g:rn. l"or (he(.'.ri1i.
rr.n rr,rlr t l ur I rrl :r irr t i I l pt'rt t,ir ts .s (i,::5rrtr
orrrissirrrr rrorrlrl clt.,rrl-r ruil ltl()ul er aJ,
Sr rprt,rrre ( lrrrrt's rrtlrrrotrit iott irr tlrc,tlpn&
l' i 1 x, I i t t t, t:usr:..,\ s strt t t'tl t ltt' rt':

\\'t, rkr rrol I)Lrrl)orl t(, u$(':i.s thc nr*t*
or tlenrt:rils ol t lie "r\rrrtrit:un llulc- rC
rt's1rt't:l to tlrc irllorvatl(:e ol ati(rIr[)t','.-
ll. lurs lrt,r,rr ( riticiz.(](l ilr ;"et:t'nt )tatt rr.
lorrrts lr;rvc lrlt,rr urgt'rl to l'ind ernflra
to il. lt is ;tlso rtpll;tre tlt Irott) ()ur D.l$r,
(,rJ)('ri(,rr('r l lrirt. t lrc (j ncour88eflril d
plir':r(r, ;r('li{)n (o intlllt,ttrt,ttt publr gatrrr
Ir:rs lrrr.rr vitrvcrl irs (lcsiral)l(, in r rrrr:+
ol t irrrrrtslrrtrct's. Ilut llrt'rttlt'folLrrod *

1981, Comrnerce Clearing }loll1n

our courls with rc:
hac survived. lt i:
hittory and itt cong:

b not for us to il
pR,vince by redistr
in tlrc manner sul
arid followed bY th,

r?l U.S. at 240 (footrr

For the foregoing
&tcrmined that at
m'rilable to the Pl,
Eoce attorney's fees
,Wu6ting lrnd are i

nnqu(st, her uilderl.r
rlrcudy rcmedicd,
gleintilf cannot pre\.
aav circumstances. \
rot nrade a motion
tah parties have 8,,
l4:rl issue of whetlr,
rElrIsful cluinrant
rn'ir'es performed
lr.tl. Although tht'
rlpther plaintiff *
l.*rimination on tl,
tlc facts necessary Ii
rllle 8re clearly bey,
rfinement of the
rrturnents coul(l sel
@oclusion that Pla,
,Evail on this ctir,
llx where llo LLs!

rrled by delaYing
tdSment for defen
a(nuinely remail)
.aotrolling legal qu,
a flvor of del'en,
Crrrrt sua sponte etl
9or defendant. 5r
Itrtice'll 56.12 (cas,

III. C,

The C-ourt holds '

,a/tttle n succeisl'ul
hc* for servicc
dnrinistrative Ier',
lnr where, as h'
lderl5'ing claim ol
rllorded at the a,
rrttrotrt the need i

tiore this resolul
Artion of law ml
{dcodant on the
c, the Caurt gr,
lsr defendant. r^

IemPsnies this m'

(

(lnrn consitlcri'
stiotr for sutrr

frgtoyment Practi,.



;q$!n"lff':...il!

.ffi$it}..ffi "^';;::;;;'i,;; i;;,,:i 2o'o6e

l|f,f;. 1ilffir..fis \^ith r(,sr)(,r.r l() rrlr()r'.(,.\s' ft,(,s .)r,r.,rirr(r. i, srrpp.,rt thcreof anrl in

.nffi,,f5:r.nffiGive,l lt i.',1,,,,,,1r r,r.tt,rl irr.rrr ,,1ii,i,t,,',, lltert't', l'lit'rrrgtrtrrt'rtLsol'<'tluttsel

,,fif fr 5., t;ffif11 arrtl rn .ort:.lr,"liiiii"r'1"'ii':t,''"tr ii i'i'",'l''' i:"ttl' tltc erttirt: rt't or<l lrerein' and

*EfrIIffiF.:.ffii,i:l lllxliljilLlil;i;l:X: llt,i,ll;,ili'::ii':,il'il':'lil,l'li,,ill'll]l't'ilil:t+'*5iL 'ttft|Ati';i',,,:' -',",,, *rr'rl lr' rt'-1r.tt<lt'rtrs ('r'rrrt tlrrs l()tlr (rit)'trt ivl;rrt rr' rroi'

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u' r:'J i''lrr:'i ri

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t + , *:'-"1:J;',].i:-,tl', illl, 'lll:l,J'l;ill'lli,,,ll i'g'init t r're ltr,ttrt trr'

;EEEiE .lt. T.l',i,,;i";,-,i;l*,:i,,i,i, rurrirr{ rr.t,rr _r,<,.tn.tt,s-

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,ti5frXt ,ffEijh;dili{1. l[i,,'i.lnlf]:li'lllli; ':"I;lillll'n111,,,,, r,r Srr,,,,ry ,,,r,,g,r,u,,,

#ffi 'ffi$$p$ry'r$'*1ffi 
-iuii,iil 

tli*o$t*t,xt

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-$$filt:l;;t*-

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ili,l,ll'll ii:r,i.'l;lll'ill,i'll;;'Jil,l;l,ll;:,1:,!lll,"lll

r r r;qt{hr Et III. crnclusi.n 1,i",;"*r,;,,',, 
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,"'i"r*"' It'rrr' tttrt lx'rttt' tltt

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r# gii*r,,r,',f i;..iril *ii;l ,ii:,,i,ll; ,,;;lir,,',',r:, 

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H&rs ff H'i:li*i1il,l*iiillillili,ilirl'it rliiriii,ii:Jil.,ll[ill.-i'",'.'lffil]i
Ittoauia'lt .,$5;E ".,ft ffiiiliii,:Ii:iy,;ii 

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,,rr r..rr ri*jJ , ..ffi *",1"nies rrris')L'" o*r)(r"' 

fl,ir;lillil'iii ;ll,,il*,illlllll :],llrl:':llli'i,iiiil:' rrr{i!"ttil l'( ,}t: or<le r lrrrr.,,t rlr,. lt,gr-r,rlrrr.,,u,r'i,,,r'ri,li'tlr,,,,.1"'t "l th"
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I

i f i

rrrnl liq (trr ,4 lrgloymont Practlccs
ry'E .{ al ,



F
20,070 Employmen I lrractlces Decislons

Klanseck v. P, "rJonttal lnsurance Co

slrrrll lrr, nrrrrii, l rr.t, lrorn lury rirscrirrrrrrirl iorr lr;rsrri
olt;rA(,.

/r/. ll is irrllrlslirrg lo rrolt.lllrl rrt'itlrcr p;rrlv
crlcrl 211 [j.S.(' I iijlll;r irr t lrt,ir n)r)t,nrl.l l)ill)(..s
llrorrglr lrotlr irrllniltltl irl or;tl ;rr!rlrrr,rtl llt;rl
plrr rrrl il l rvirs ;rrr lrrrplot r'1, 1 1y';1,11,11 lry tlr;tl- sct.l iorr.

, f'lfr, l)rr'( is(. rlulsl I()n tn l,)t!ntrttttlsrtn wits
rrlrllltr:r lr l, '1, r.rl , rrrIl,,t,, r.irrrs r.rrlllllrl lo rr irrrr
I t lrl ttt it r rr:,t. ,rll, gitrg rrgl rlt..r'r rrrrrrr;rl iotr 'l lrr,
lortrl lrrir,ill rrrlrlrlsst,rl tlrt, lrossrlrlr: r,llr.r I ol
rr {iililrr(l) lrrrl rliri rrol rtsl ils rlt,r'isrorr orr lllrl lr,rsrs.
'l'ltt, trrttrl s(;rl t'rl:

Iilrrlt,r (Ire Iitt,nrl rt,trrlirrg ol Ilr;rl srrlrsct,liorr. tlrt,
.lurv lriirl sr.r'liorr ol tlrl t\r'l (2ll t,.S.(:. \(i2(,(r'X:J))
rrorrlrl lrt, orrt, rrl llrr, Irovisir,rrs s1lt,t.rlir.;rlly rr:rrle
trr;rpplit:rlrlt' lrr r lrrirrrs ol lrrltr;rl govlrrrrrrcrrtlrl ir11r.

tltscrrrrrirr;rl irrlr. l)erhlrlts lrr.r.rust' tlr;rt lrlgurrrt,rrl
cotrltl ;lrovr lrxr rrrrrt lr (lrossilrlt' It,;rrling irs wcll io
rlt,privirrg It,rlcr;rl r,rrrplolt,t,s ol tl:c lrt,trt:lit ol tlre
irl l onl('\'s' li,t,s or l tr;trirl;rl t,rl rl:rrrrrgcs provisiorrs ol'
llrc Acl)..1ltr,llovtrrrrrrlrrl rlo(.s nol scr.k lo rtll'otr
\ (;jl;l;r(l I rrr I lus lrrst,.

,'17 Ir.ll.l) rrl l,tll tr l. l,rlilrvisr'. llrr' ('orrrl rLrr.s
not rcsl ils rllrt-iorr irr Ill. prlsr,rrl llrst. orr Ilr;rt
ilrAunr(,n( u lrir:lr lr;rs rrol lrt.t,rr r;rrsttl llv tlrt:
r lr.lt.r rrl;r rr t .

!lrt l),1;rit's, llrr. slrtr ilil issrrt lrclorc tlre (irrrrt
rvrrs lltr avirrl;rlrrlilt ol :rllorrrt,v's Ir.r,s Iirr;r li,rlcr:rl
rrrr1,lo1r,e ir lr rlislrrct 1()urt l(:lion ;rllr.girrg trgc
rlrscrirrrrrr;rl iorr. 'l'lrc r orrrt I lrerc rt,jtr'{.erl tlrt
itrgur)r(,nt I.lt;rt srrclr trrr ;rwlrlrl wlrs ltru ltrrlrrl b-y
I ri:);lrr(|) irr tlrt, IoIIow.irrg l);rssirfl(':

Sirrillrrlr', r't,rrrrsr'l lirr I ltt, rit.lt,rtrlrrrrt ;rrgucs I lrirl
\ lill:l;r{l) ;lrrr lrrrlts ;rrry trrr;rrrl ol ;rllrrrlrt,-\,s lees,rrrrl
( r)sts irl.lirrnsl I lrr' [ ]rrilcrl Slrrtcs l)ost;rl St,rvitc.'l'lrt,
su((('sslirl pl;rinlill itr rttr rrltiotr un(l(,r ll)(,A[)ljA rs
gt'trcr;rllt' r'rrl il lr,rl l () r(,(r)vr,r rt,rrsorrirlrlt, ill torn(,vs
It'r's lrttrl ('\JX'Ilsrs. . . .

'l'lrcrt,lort,, ;rs rliscrrssrrl rrlxrvr', Oortgress lxJ Lr
(orrrls ll.r\'(' lrlrt,irrlr,, rlt,llrrnirrcrl thut Jn 8br1J d
rt,rrsorlrlrlt, Jll()rncys li,t,s rtrrl costs "e[fh"l.rln
I lrc purlxrsr's" ol thr, AI)l,lr\. 2f) tJ.S.C. g63:iJ,((r

4lill lf. Srrpp.;rt lO,l4.

r\lllrrlr:,lr llr(' l)rr.i l-(. t\\u(,lrt'lort.tlrr (.".,. -.

l\'lrttt's i\ lr,l l)r(,slnl(rl lrr, tlris(:uy.. llte rJl',r.r/
llr;rl llrl gcrrt,ral rliru lrorr ol !6llJa(c),uI ct!t-..tr
l;rslriorr rllrr,l to "t'llulrratc tlre purp<rs-o{t}
At t rrurl lx, lrrkr,rr lr.y tlrt, trrurts as e lcd.ltall ::

invit;rlion lo lrwartl altorncy's l'ees appean Ot :.,
(irrrrl irs irrrrrrrsrsterrl. witlt the spirit. ifod-
lr.ltcr. ol tlrl zllrtska I'iptlinctrst:.

rolt slrorrlrl lx,rlrtrps lx: rrolrrl lrl rrlstioo totI
prt,r'rrlirrg rlrscrrssrrJrr ol \ (iJila(l) that the prorlf
rltrote<l rrlrr,r'r, slxr:ilrcrlly a(ldr(rsr.s an trrrd r'- ,

li,t.s:rgrrirrst Ilrr: lirlrral gove rnment.

rt\\'Irill Irrr prrrlxrsr,s ol tIris rliscu:niiotl tlaCd,
rssunr('s llrl vlrlirlrty ol grlrrintill's lr.r'Xrtl:f I
:rl)l){.irrs t.rr lx, lrrst,rl irr llrrgc pitrt on tht $tta l
lx.ggirrg irsstrrnlrliorr llrtt iul ADEA chinud .b
sr,ltlr.s Iris rluirrr ;rt the a<lrninistmtl\! lFi
\\rll)r,rrt irllorn(,y's li.r's rssetllirrgforlcutht||l I

to *lrich lrt,is crrtitletl.'lir tho extent Uf,O,
rlu isiorr iir)sw(,rs tlru rlur:stion, the h)'pofLra;
rrol r,;rlitl. 'l'lrt,rc is, hos'r,vt'r, no retl rii F 'l
irrltln,ss tlrt issrre at lrngth. \Vhile the ('orrf bf :

r;rr;rrrr.l rvillr tlrc grrollosition that brood rdd i 
'

lr.liisl;r( iorr is to lre trrrrstrued in a mantret Ud .,
lrt.st r'lltclrr;rlr its prrrpose, the Cburt I d .

ptrrrrittrrl l,) rrsrrrl) tlrt, lr'gislative l)renSar.U. "
l)r()vi(le lirr ,rllorrrey s lr{,s to u succ{xful laalll
u lrur l lre lt,gislll urc lus laile d to exerrL l an ;

il trr;rrlvt.r llnl lv

t.

f.'
d

t.t

TnonNL.ox. I
1980 filed a Mer,
the Court con
llotion For Surr
tlsnted. Subsequ
lhe Court fil
Itentorandurn o
rhich the Cri
n'identiary hear
ro the tsFOqt
tlcfendant. 'lhe
\r reference said

Purcuant to tlr
r:r'idenliary hear
uid hearing deti
o[ ahowing that
DCDessBry to th(
business." N

13.548(208). Deli
ocGeoge G. Mr:t
onnected witl:
dcfendant corp,
lS&I979. McC,
to.Bultant to del,
laqlrSnce coml)i
ornvincing to tht
rhatsoever th:
{.lsonabl},ne\
opt'rution of its Lr

McCarthy tesr;
trrticipating
(otporation wl
drr,eloping the ;

prlky which was
lr7{.

McCarthy por
Drrrrict AgerrG ,

+dd in fact nri,
lLr aame extent
llcre would devr
I ruCccssful operr
b.(onre discour,
l$ltr8e. McCan
*aibility of mar
lnrn presents a .

tlocrability for
Tbc various
Gaountered by ii
Ft.nt in the
lFnting as an
;htincome tax r

t{cCarthv furt
{dLnnct' in nct
.laml urrd arr 0,

Itl 31,701-rl.lrrrncs Klunscr:k ct al., l)ltintiffs v. l)rudentitl Insurance Couprq
()f Amt: riolr. l)cfendant. ' 

^'(lrritlrl St;rtcs l)isl rir I (irrrrl, I,l;rslcrrr I)istrict ol Mir:higurr, Soutliern Divirion tlr{,
Alliotr No. ll() 72O(;9 lrclrrtrrrv,l. l9lll

Michigan-Civil Ilights Act

t nsu rrt n<'t-. Ilnr p lop,cr-Non-sp<ltrsu l I)olicy-Oc(:upati()nrl Quu lificetir4'
r\tr ittsrtntttt:t,(orlrl)arr)/ lloli<r tlrirt. rlitl rrrrt lrllrrw two rlist.rict ag(,nts to [et nurrtard.
((,ntinuc rvorkitrg at Ih;rl. ltvrl tlirl not r)llerl(l tlte stirtutt,atr(l wits a justilied, om+ff(
(lu:tlilic:lti()nnecessilr.vtoIlre cllir:icrrtnrrtrrirtgol'tlleittsur;rrrcebusiness.

IJ;tlk rclt,rcrttc. Millrigl:rrr ll 24,199.

Allx,rl.(';rlillr,. I)r,l roiI. Mrr lrigrrrr, lirr I'l;rirrlill.s.

'l'lrotrrrs (i. Iiir,rrlr;rrrrrr (l )it kirrsorr, \Vriglrl, Mll(r,:rn, Outllip & Mon[
M illrig;rrr, Iirr I )t'li,rrrl:rrr ls.

1T 31,704 1981, Commorco Cloarlnl tl€fi

F